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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Nutrient toxicity“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Nutrient toxicity"
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Steffens, D., B. W. Hütsch, T. Eschholz, T. Lošák und S. Schubert. „Water logging may inhibit plant growth primarily by nutrient deficiency rather than nutrient toxicity“. Plant, Soil and Environment 51, No. 12 (20.11.2011): 545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3630-pse.
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The aim of our experiments was to investigate whether nutrient deficiency or toxicity is the cause for growth inhibition of wheat and barley in waterlogged soils. Experiments using two soils (top and subsoil) differing largely in various characteristics revealed a growth inhibition of wheat and barley in the case of subsoil due to water logging, without Fe or Mn toxicity. Water culture experiments with anaerobic (N<sub>2</sub>) and aerobic aeration confirmed that oxygen deficiency did not induce nutrient toxicity (Fe, Mn) but caused sub-optimum nutrient supply (N, P, K, Mn, Cu, Zn) of wheat and barley plants. In a split-root water culture experiment with barley, cultivating half of the root system in varying combinations of aerobic/anaerobic and with/without K supply, it was shown that sufficient K uptake occurred only when K and oxygen were applied in the same root compartment. We suggest that due to O<sub>2</sub> deficiency in the root medium, synthesis of ATP may be inhibited leading thus to a decrease in nutrient uptake. Nutrient deficiency rather than toxicity appears to be the major cause for the poor plant growth in waterlogged soils.
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Khan, Mohd Kamran, Anamika Pandey, Mehmet Hamurcu, Mateja Germ, Fatma Gokmen Yilmaz, Merve Ozbek, Zuhal Zeynep Avsaroglu, Ali Topal und Sait Gezgin. „Nutrient Homeostasis of Aegilops Accessions Differing in B Tolerance Level under Boron Toxic Growth Conditions“. Biology 11, Nr. 8 (22.07.2022): 1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11081094.
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Boron (B) is a crucial microelement for several biological processes in plants; however, it becomes hazardous when present in excess in the soil. B toxicity adversely affects the wheat yield all around the world, particularly in the arid and semiarid regions. Aegilops, the nearest wild wheat relatives, could be an efficient source to develop B toxicity tolerance in modern cultivars. However, to potentially utilize these species, it is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms that are involved in providing them tolerance. Other than hampering cellular and physiological activities, high B inhibits the uptake of nutrients in wheat plants that lead to nutrients deficiency causing a hindered growth. Thus, it is crucial to determine the effect of B toxicity on nutrient uptake and finally, to understand the role of nutrient homeostasis in developing the adaptive mechanism in tolerant species. Unfortunately, none of the studies to date has explored the effect of high B supply on the nutrient uptake in B toxicity tolerant wild wheat species. In this study, we explored the effect of 1 mM B (toxic B), and 10 mM B (very toxic B) B on the nutrient uptake in 19 Aegilops genotypes differing in B tolerance in contrast to Bolal 2973, the familiar B tolerant genotype. The obtained outcomes suggested a significant association between the B toxicity tolerance and the level of nutrient uptake in different genotypes. The B toxicity tolerant genotypes, Ab2 (TGB 026219, A. biuncialis genotype) and Ac4 (TGB 000107, A. columnaris genotype) were clustered together in the nutrient homeostasis-based heat map. Though B toxicity mostly had an inhibitory effect on the uptake of nutrients in root-shoot tissues, the tolerant genotypes revealed an increase in nutrient uptake under B toxicity in contrast with Control. The study directs towards future research where the role of external supply of few nutrients in enhancing the B toxicity tolerance of susceptible genotypes can be studied. Moreover, the genotype-dependent variation in the nutrient profile of the studied Aegilops genotypes under high B suggested that increasing number of Aegilops germplasm should be screened for B toxicity tolerance for their successful inclusion in the pre-breeding programs focusing on this issue.
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Pandey, Meena, Jiban Shrestha, Subash Subedi und Kabita Kumari Shah. „ROLE OF NUTRIENTS IN WHEAT: A REVIEW“. Tropical Agrobiodiversity 1, Nr. 1 (18.06.2020): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/trab.01.2020.18.23.
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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop that provides ample nutritious calories for humans and animals. The nutrient plays a vital role in the production of wheat. In this review, previous works were evaluated to investigate the role of nutrients, nutrient deficiency and toxicity in wheat. Both macro and micronutrients are necessary for wheat plants. Every nutrient has its own character and is involved in different metabolic processes of plant life. Nutrient deficiency and toxicity conditions inhibit normal plant growth and exhibit characteristic symptoms. For optimal growth, development, and production, plants need all the necessary nutrients in balance. A balanced application of the primary nutrients (N, P, K), secondary nutrient (S) and some other micronutrients (Zn, B) are needed to enhance wheat production. The soil tests and the demand for crop nutrients should be assessed to identify the quantity of fertilizer recommended for the crop. This study would be a valuable means to wheat growers and researchers for sustainable and higher wheat production.
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Mueller, Danica C., James S. Bonner, Robin L. Autenrieth, Kenneth Lee und Kenneth Doe. „The Toxicity of Oil-Contaminated Sediments During Bioremediation of a Wetland“. International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1999, Nr. 1 (01.03.1999): 1049–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-1049.
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ABSTRACT Inorganic nutrients were applied to oiled wetland sediments during an experiment to assess the effect of enhanced bioremediation on petroleum degradation and toxicity reduction. For a period of 6 months after the controlled application of oil to experimental plots, oiled wetland sediment samples were tested for acute toxicity. The three treatments evaluated were an oiled control, inorganic nutrient addition, and inorganic nutrient addition plus an alternate electron acceptor. Sediment toxicity was assessed using Microtox® and amphipod bioassays. The Microtox® 100% Test detected significant sediment toxicity up to 29 days after oil and treatment application while the Solid-Phase Test detected significant sediment toxicity up to Day 15. The Microtox 100%® Test showed elevated toxicity on Day 8 for nutrient plus alternate electron acceptor plots and reduced toxicity on Day 15 for nutrient plots, relative to oiled controls. The observed decrease in sediment toxicity from the Microtox® assays correlated with petroleum losses. Oiled sediments were initially highly toxic to amphipods with average mortality rates ranging from 86 to 92%. Amphipod mortality decreased significantly 71 days after treatment to between 47 and 28%. However, a significant increase in mortality was observed at Day 140 in plots receiving nutrient amendments, possibly due to elevated ammonia levels.
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Dolling, PJ, WM Porter und AD Robson. „Effect of soil acidity on barley production in the south-west of Western Australia. 1. The interaction between lime and nutrient application“. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 31, Nr. 6 (1991): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9910803.
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The effect of soil acidity on barley growth in Western Australia and the role of aluminium toxicity and nutrient deficiencies were examined at 9 sites using 5 application rates of lime and 3 levels of supply of nutrients. Nutrient plant analysis was also used to assess the mechanisms involved in any response to lime.Lime application increased barley yields at 3 sites, by 9-30%, by alleviating aluminium toxicity. Nutrient treatments did not interact with the lime response. The largest reduction in grain yield (>15%) that was due to aluminium toxicity occurred at the site which had the lowest pH (4.3 in 0.01 mol CaCl2/L) and the highest concentration of CaCl2-extractable aluminium (5 �g/g).
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Schier, George A., und Carolyn J. McQuattie. „Response of ectomycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal pitch pine (Pinusrigida) seedlings to nutrient supply and aluminum: growth and mineral nutrition“. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, Nr. 12 (01.12.1996): 2145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-243.
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Mycorrhizal colonization and nutrient supply may have important effects on aluminum toxicity in trees grown on acidic, nutrient-poor soils. The interacting effects of mycorrhizal inoculation, nutrient level, and Al treatment on growth and mineral nutrition of pitch pine (Pinusrigida Mill.) seedlings grown with and without the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch were determined. The seedlings were grown for 66 days in sand irrigated with 0.1- or 0.2-strength nutrient solution (pH 3.8) containing 0, 10, or 20 mg/L Al (0, 0.37, or 0.74 mM). Across nutrient and Al levels total dry weight of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) seedlings was 75% greater than that of nonmycorrhizal (NM) seedlings. Doubling the nutrient level increased the dry weight of NM seedlings by 120%, versus 60% for ECM seedlings. Aluminum reduced root and shoot growth in NM seedlings, but had no effect on shoot growth and only a marginally significant effect on root growth of ECM seedlings. Shoot growth of NM seedlings was more sensitive to Al than root growth. Increased growth of NM seedlings by doubling the nutrient level was least at the highest Al level. Symptoms of Al toxicity in roots (dark, stunted tips) occurred at a lower Al level in NM than ECM seedlings. A strong relationship was not found between Al toxicity and concentrations of Mg and Ca in roots and needles. Enhancement of growth resulting from increased uptake of nutrients due to mycorrhizal inoculation (and) or an increased level of nutrients was the overriding factor affecting the response of pitch pine seedlings to Al.
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Choi, Jong‐Myung, Chun‐Ho Pak und Chiwon W. Lee. „Micro nutrient toxicity in French marigold“. Journal of Plant Nutrition 19, Nr. 6 (Juni 1996): 901–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904169609365169.
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Cockson, Paul, Hunter Landis, Turner Smith, Kristin Hicks und Brian E. Whipker. „Characterization of Nutrient Disorders of Cannabis sativa“. Applied Sciences 9, Nr. 20 (18.10.2019): 4432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204432.
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Essential plant nutrients are needed at crop-specific concentrations to obtain optimum growth or yield. Plant tissue (foliar) analysis is the standard method for measuring those levels in crops. Symptoms of nutrient deficiency occur when those tissue concentrations fall to a level where growth or yield is negatively impacted and can serve as a visual diagnostic tool for growers and researchers. Both nutrient deficiency symptoms and their corresponding plant tissue concentrations have not been established for cannabis. To establish nutrient concentrations when deficiency or toxicity symptoms are expressed, Cannabis sativa ‘T1’ plants were grown in silica sand culture, and control plants received a complete modified Hoagland’s all-nitrate solution, whereas nutrient-deficient treatments were induced with a complete nutrient formula withholding a single nutrient. Toxicity treatments were induced by increasing the element tenfold higher than the complete nutrient formula. Plants were monitored daily and, once symptoms manifested, plant tissue analysis of all essential elements was performed by most recent mature leaf (MRML) tissue analysis, and descriptions and photographs of nutrient disorder symptomology were taken. Symptoms and progressions were tracked through initial, intermediate, and advanced stages. Information in this study can be used to diagnose nutrient disorders in Cannabis sativa.
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Munthe, Bonardo Vebry, Irwan Agusnu Putra und Dedi Kurniawan. „Defisiensi dan Toksisitas Hara Magnesium Tanaman Padi Gogo (Oryza Sativa L.) Pada Lapisan Tanah Subsoil“. JINTAN : Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian Nasional 2, Nr. 2 (28.07.2022): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/jintan.v2i2.2816.
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In increasing the production and quality of rice plants, it is essential to pay attention to proper nutrient management. One of the most important nutrients in increasing rice production and quality is magnesium, tested with deficiency and toxicity treatments in subsoil soils. This study used a factorial randomized block design with two factors where each treatment was repeated three times. First factor included Nutrient toxicity Mg, T0 = 0 (control), T1 = 2.2 g/polybag, T2 = 4.4 g/polybag, T3 = 8.8 g/polybag. Second factor included Mg nutrient deficiency D0 = 0 (control), D1 = 0.56 g/polybag, D2 = 0.28 g/polybag, and D3 = 0.14 g/polybag. The results showed that the deficiency treatment significantly affected plant height 5-6 weeks after fertilization and leaf chlorophyll 9 WSP. In contrast, the toxicity treatment significantly affected Total Chlorophyll 4 MSP and 1000 grain weight, where the D2 and T2 treatments showed the highest data. This study explained that the D2 and T2 treatments showed good plant responses. The red sigambiri variety was quite tolerant of magnesium deficiency and toxicity treatments.
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RUSSELLE, M. P., und R. L. McGRAW. „NUTRIENT STRESS IN BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL“. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 66, Nr. 4 (01.10.1986): 933–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps86-115.
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Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) is often grown on poorly drained, low fertility, and low pH soils under marginal management. The objective of this research was to document several aspects of single nutrient stresses in birdsfoot trefoil. Plants were grown hydroponically in the glasshouse through two vegetative cycles and one reproductive growth cycle. Nutrient deficient treatments included P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Mo; toxicity treatments included B, Mn, Zn, Cu and Mo. Dry mass of shoots, shoot branching, and leaf area were typically lower in stressed plants than in plants grown in complete nutrient solution and specific leaf mass was generally larger in stressed plants. Nodule function and appearance were more severely affected by macronutrient than by micronutrient (except B) deficiencies. A deficiency or excess of a given nutrient often increased concentrations of other nutrients, but concentrations of some elements also decreased in response to a stress in another. In a few instances, concentrations of a nutrient differed from the complete treatment in an opposite manner in shoots than in roots. Seed yield and yield components were less frequently affected by nutrient stress than were herbage yields. Visual symptoms were generally similar to those of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and the clovers (Trifolium spp.).Key words: Lotus corniculatus L., mineral nutrition, nutrient deficiency, nutrient toxicity, hydroponic solution culture, birdsfoot trefoil
Dissertationen zum Thema "Nutrient toxicity"
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Barney, Jazmyne D. L. „A COMPROMISED LIVER ALTERS PCB TOXICITY AND NUTRIENT METABOLISM“. UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/toxicology_etds/28.
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Environmental contamination is a public health concern. In particular persistent organic pollutants like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) have been associated with multiple chronic inflammatory diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD prevalence has steadily increased and is expected to continue to rise with an estimated 25% of the world’s population and 80-100 million people affected in the United States alone. Importantly, the liver is the primary site for endobiotic and xenobiotic metabolism, hence its proper function is critical for the body’s response to innate and extrinsic molecules. One way to combat the deleterious effects of PCB toxicity and fatty liver disease is by increasing consumption of beverages and foods that contain beneficial bioactive nutrients, like dietary polyphenols. However, the biological properties of these dietary compounds are subject to their bioavailability which is directly dependent on the activity of the liver.
The first aim of this dissertation was to test the hypothesis that in the presence of a compromised liver, PCB-126 toxicity is altered. Indeed, hepatic and systemic PCB-126 toxicity was exacerbated in this severe liver injury mouse model with an observed increase in hepatic inflammation, systemic inflammation, and early markers of endothelial cell dysfunction. Interestingly, we also observed an increase in the novel gut-liver axis derived cardiovascular disease (CVD) marker trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Taken altogether, aim 1 proved that a compromised liver can alter PCB toxicity, with implications of the gut microbiota in disease pathology.
In aim 2 we investigated whether GTE can protect against MCD-induced hepatic toxicity and development of NAFLD. Results indicated that MCD mice exhibited severe liver injury and gut dysbiosis and unexpectedly, GTE had no protective effects. Interestingly MCD mice displayed differential epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) metabolism at the hepatic and gut microbiota level, which may alter polyphenol bioavailability and therapeutic potential. Overall, the results provide insight into how a dysfunctional liver and gut dysbiosis can alter polyphenol metabolism, possibly reducing its therapeutic efficiency.
In aim 3 we sought to determine potential protective effects of a prebiotic in this mouse model. MCD-fed mice were exposed to PCB-126 with or without inulin supplementation. Although findings from this study are preliminary, our evidence indicates that inulin restores body weight and body composition in this MCD+PCB mouse model and alters the expression of Cyp1a1 in PCB exposed mice, suggesting that inulin’s protective effects may be a result of its ability to interact with the AhR pathway. However further analysis will need to be done to examine the effects of inulin on hepatic, systemic, and gut microbiota endpoints.
Overall the data contained in this dissertation suggests that in the presence of a compromised liver both pollutant toxicity and nutrient metabolism are altered, with implications of the gut-microbiota in disease risk. These findings suggest that individuals with end stage liver injury may be more susceptible to pollutant-induced toxicity and nutritional intervention may be unsuccessful at mitigating disease risk.
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Fulton, Barry A. Brooks Bryan William. „Assessing interactions between nutrients and toxicity influences of nitrogen and phosphorus on triclosan toxicity to the aquatic macrophyte "lemna gibba" /“. Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5351.
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Wilson, Alan Elliott. „Cyanobacteria-Grazer Interactions: Consequences of toxicity, morphology, and genetic diversity“. Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04072006-125946/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.Klausmeier, Christopher, Committee Member ; Montoya, Joseph, Committee Member ; Snell, Terry, Committee Member ; Sarnelle, Orlando, Committee Member ; Hay, Mark, Committee Chair.
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Kelly, Joann. „The effect of nutrient limitation on the growth and toxicity of the dinoflagellate Gyrodinium instriatum“. View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-3/kellyj/joannkelly.pdf.
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Parks, Sophie Emma, University of Western Sydney und Faculty of Science and Technology. „Proteaceae nutrition and the phosphorus requirements of Banksia ericifolia L.f“. THESIS_FST_xxx_Park_S.xml, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/103.
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The basic mineral nutritional requirements of Proteaceae are not well understood.They are generally assumed to require low levels of nutrients and be susceptible to nutrient (especially Phosphorus) toxicity.This project aimed to estimate the general nutritional requirements of Proteaceae for optimum growth, with special emphasis on the Phosphorus requirement. Potted plants were grown in soilless growth media with controlled release fertiliser and were watered according to need in a naturally lit greenhouse. The nutrient requirements of Proteaceae were found to vary among species but were not lower than the reported requirements for the Ericaceae, another heath family. The variables of growth media and plant development were found to be important factors affecting the critical Phosphorus concentration and need consideration in the derivation of the Phosphorus requirement of Banksia ericifolia.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Ortman, Kerstin. „Organic vs. inorganic selenium in farm animal nutrition with special reference to supplementation of cattle /“. Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5411-5.pdf.
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Mezzavilla, Nubia Valle. „Resposta de pl?ntulas de aroeira (Schinus Terebinthifolius R.) ao alum?nio e a calagem“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2459.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPQ
Studies of aluminum tolerance in seedlings aroeira-vermelha (Schinus terebinthifolius R.) were held in a growth chamber in the Department of Plant Science ? Laboratory of Chemistry of Rhizosphere in the Agronomy Institute of University Federal Rural of Rio de Janeiro. Experiments were carried out with different concentrations of aluminum in simple nutrient solution (with calcium) and a complete nutrient solution with concentrations range from 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 ?M in the solution and in soil Oxisol which was added liming, P, K, and micronutrients. The liming varied from (zero, 500, 1000.2000 and 4000 kg ha-1 and with100, 60, 30 kg ha-1 of phosphorus, potassium and micronutrient Br-12, respectively), and a control treatment without liming, P, K and micronutrients. The evaluations were based on analysis of root growth using the root length parameters, root growth rate, relative and evaluated root elongation also shoot length, dry weight of shoot and root, stem diameter, pH of the rhizosphere and soil . It was found that it is important to time days after sowing, before the transfer of seedlings to the nutrient solution; it is indicated 18 days after sowing for simple nutrient solution and 15 days after sowing for complete solution. Root growth rate and relative root elongation are methods that should be recommended in studies with plants aroeira-vermelha. Complete diluted and balanced nutrient solutions, should be recommended in aluminum toxicity studies in this species rather than simple solutions only with calcium due to low potential for seed storage. Low concentration of Al simple solution led to increase root growth. The root length of Schinus terebinthifolius R. seedlings grown nutrient solutions paralyzed in concentration 131.87 87 ?M of Al. In the simple nutrient solution was only possible to establish the critical level of toxicity using the root growth rate obtaining the value of 88, 42 87 ?M aluminum. Schinus terebinthifolius R. response the application of liming and P, K and micronutrients when grown in a soil Oxisol substrate, and the dosage of 2164.64 kg ha-1 of lime, dosing which was obtained the highest root length. For dry weight of shoot of seedlings, only 1831.50 Kg ha-1 of lime was enough to hit the highest value
Os estudos da toler?ncia ao alum?nio em pl?ntulas de aroeira-vermelha (Schinus Terebinthifolius R.) foram realizados, em c?mara de crescimento no Laborat?rio de Qu?mica da Rizosfera no Departamento de Fitotecnia, Instituto de Agronomia da Universidade Federal Rural Rio de Janeiro. Foram realizados experimentos com diferentes concentra??es de Al em solu??o nutritiva simples (com c?lcio) e completa com concentra??es que variaram de 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 e 800 ?M na solu??o e em solo Latossolo vermelho amarelo onde foi adicionado calagem, P, K, e micronutrientes. As dosagens de calagem variaram de tratamentos com calagem (0, 500, 1000, 2000 e 4000 Kg ha-1, sendo adicionados 100, 60 e 30 Kg ha-1de fosforo, pot?ssio e de micronutriente BR-12 respetivamente), al?m de um tratamento controle, sem calagem, P, K e micronutrientes. As avalia??es foram baseadas na an?lise do crescimento radicular utilizando os par?metros comprimento radicular, taxa de crescimento radicular, elonga??o radicular relativa e avaliados tamb?m o comprimento da parte a?rea, massa seca da parte a?rea e radicular, di?metro do colo, pH da rizosfera e do solo. Foi verificado que ? importante o tempo de dias ap?s a semeadura, antes da transfer?ncia das pl?ntulas para a solu??o nutritiva, sendo indicados 18 dias ap?s a semeadura para solu??o nutritiva simples e 15 dias ap?s a semeadura para solu??o completa. A taxa de crescimento radicular e a elonga??o radicular relativa s?o m?todos que devem ser recomendados em estudos com plantas de aroeira-vermelha. Solu??es nutritivas completas, dilu?das e balanceadas, devem ser recomendadas em estudos de toxidez de alum?nio nesta esp?cie ao inv?s de solu??es simples apenas com c?lcio, devido ao baixo potencial de reserva da semente. Baixas concentra??es de Al na solu??o simples, estimulou o crescimento de raiz. O comprimento de raiz de pl?ntulas de aroeira crescidas em solu??es nutritivas completas paralisou seu crescimento na concentra??o de 131,87 ?M de Al. Na solu??o simples s? foi poss?vel estabelecer o n?vel cr?tico de toxidez utilizando a taxa de crescimento radicular, obtendo o valor de 88,42 ?M de alum?nio. A aroeira respondeu a aplica??o de calagem, P, K e micronutrientes quando crescida em solo Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo, sendo a dosagem de 2164,64 Kg ha-1 de calc?rio a que obteve o maior comprimento radicular. Para a massa seca da parte a?rea somente 1831,50 Kg ha-1 de calc?rio foi suficiente para ser atingido o maior valor.
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Kader, Md Abdul. „Salt stress in rice : adaptive mechanisms for cytosolic sodium homeostasis /“. Ultuna : Dept. of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200657.pdf.
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Wilson, Stevin. „Understanding Zinc Homeostasis using Loz1 from the Fission Yeast“. The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1565902886663748.
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Crestani, Maraisa. „Genótipos de aveia branca (Avena sativa L.) submetidos a diferentes protocolos e doses de alumínio em cultivo hidropônico“. Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2008. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2080.
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Previous issue date: 2008-08-29The ability to perform experiments under controlled conditions employment of evaluations in controlled environment such as hydroponic culture has attracted crop breeders attention regarding the selection of aluminum (Al) tolerant plants. This strategy facilitates the detection of plant injuries in early stages of development, representing a non-destructive method. Also, the results obtained are highly correlated to field performances of tested genotypes. Different methods have been used to study aluminum tolerance in hydroponic conditions. However, it is necessary to improve the understanding of these techniques in order to optimize their efficiency. Stalling of root growth has become the basis of major procedures evaluating aluminum tolerance of white oat genotypes in hydroponic culture. However, the expression of other characters in plantlets can be associated to tolerance and may turn out to facilitate the indirect selection for this character. Also, this could lead to the adoption of analyses involving all morphological characters. Therefore, standard white oat genotypes were subjected to different methods and Al levels under hydroponic conditions aiming to establish the most effective technique to identify superior aluminum tolerant plants based on root length. In addition, this study aimed to verify the relationship between plantlet characters and their performance in the aluminum tolerance characterization using multivariate statistics. The experimental design was complete randomized blocks with three replications, using three methods: complete nutrient solution with 0, 8, 16 and 32 mg L-1 of Al supplied as Al2(SO4)3.18H2O; complete nutrient solution with 0, 8, 16 and 32 mg L-1 of Al supplied as Al2Cl3.6H2O; and the minim nutrient solution with 0, 1, 3 and 5 mg L-1 of Al supplied as Al2Cl3.6H2O. The complete nutrient solution methods are efficient to identify aluminum tolerant white oat genotypes based on root length. The performance of the plantlet characters is highly correlated with root length in white oat genotypes subjected to the aluminum stress under hydroponic conditions. The nutrient composition and the Al sources employed influence the plant responses. The study based on the joint analysis of plantlet characters does not allow the efficient discrimination of white oats genotypes regarding their level of aluminum tolerance in hydroponic culture when there is a relationship of dependence between the variables.
O emprego de avaliações em ambiente controlado, como o cultivo hidropônico, tem despertado grande interesse dos melhoristas na seleção de plantas tolerantes ao alumínio (Al), pois além da fácil visualização do dano em estádios iniciais de desenvolvimento das plantas, representa um método não destrutivo e que fornece resultados altamente correlacionados aos obtidos em condições de campo. Diferentes metodologias de avaliação quanto à tolerância ao Al em condições de hidroponia têm sido adotadas. No entanto, se faz necessário um entendimento mais aprimorado destas técnicas de seleção a fim de otimizar a obtenção de genótipos tolerantes. A restrição do crescimento radicular tem se tornado a base dos procedimentos de avaliação da tolerância ao Al em aveia branca sob cultivo hidropônico, contudo, a análise da expressão de outros caracteres em nível de plântula pode viabilizar a seleção indireta para este caráter, ou mesma a adoção de análises envolvendo vários caracteres morfológicos simultaneamente. Neste sentido, cultivares de aveia branca padrão para a tolerância ao Al foram submetidas a diferentes protocolos e doses de Al em condições de hidroponia visando determinar a técnica mais efetiva na identificação de plantas superiores para o caráter tolerância ao Al com base no comprimento de raiz, além de verificar a relação entre caracteres em nível de plântula e o desempenho simultâneo na discriminação da tolerância ao Al pelo emprego de estatística multivariada. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o completamente casualizado com três repetições, adotando três protocolos de avaliação: solução nutritiva completa tendo Al fornecido na fonte Al2(SO4)3.18H2O, nos níveis 0, 8, 16 e 32 mg L-1 de Al; solução nutritiva completa e Al adicionado no sal AlCl3.6H2O; e o protocolo solução nutritiva mínima , com Al fornecido na fonte AlCl3.6H2O, nos níveis 0, 1, 3 e 5 mg L-1. Os protocolos caracterizados pela adoção de Al à solução nutritiva completa por meio de distintas fontes são altamente eficientes na identificação de genótipos de aveia branca tolerantes e sensíveis ao Al tóxico com base no comprimento da raiz em condições de hidroponia. O desempenho dos caracteres de plântula está altamente relacionado com o comprimento de raiz em aveia branca quando submetidos ao efeito tóxico do Al em condições de hidroponia, sendo que a composição da solução nutritiva e as fontes de Al empregadas interferem nesta relação. O estudo com base na análise conjunta dos caracteres em nível de plântula não permite a eficiente discriminação de genótipos de aveia branca quanto à tolerância ao Al tóxico em cultivo hidropônico quando há relação de dependência entre as variáveis consideradas.
Bücher zum Thema "Nutrient toxicity"
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Wilder, Kris L. Identifying nutrient deficiency and toxicity in red raspberry. [Corvallis, Or.]: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1991.
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Tacon, Albert G. J. Nutritional fish pathology: Morphological signs of nutrient deficiency and toxicity in farmed fish. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1992.
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Nageshwaran, Sathiji, Heather C. Wilson, Anthony Dickenson und David Ledingham. Metabolic disorders. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199664368.003.0016.
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This chapter discusses the clinical features and management of inborn errors of metabolism (lysosomal storage disorders, peroxisomal disorders, Wilson’s disease, porphyria, and phenylketonuria), vitamin and nutrient deficiency syndromes, and neurological toxicity syndromes.
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Reuter, D., und JB Robinson, Hrsg. Plant Analysis: An Interpretation Manual. CSIRO Publishing, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643101265.
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Plant Analysis: An Interpretation Manual 2nd Edition is an easily accessible compilation of data summarising the range of nutrient concentration limits for crops, pastures, vegetables, fruit trees, vines, ornamentals and forest species. This information is valuable in assessing the effectiveness of fertiliser programs and for monitoring longer term changes in crop nutritional status.
New to this edition:
Volume and scope of information accessed from the literature has expanded several-fold. Interpretation criteria for 294 species have been compiled in the tables from more than 1872 published papers.
New chapter on nutrient criteria for forest species.
Includes guidelines for collecting, handling and analysing plant material.
An entire chapter is devoted to the identification of nutrient deficiency and toxicity symptoms.
Buchteile zum Thema "Nutrient toxicity"
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Blamey, Frederick Pax C. „The Role of the Root Cell Wall in Aluminum Toxicity“. In Plant Nutrient Acquisition, 201–26. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-66902-9_9.
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Sumner, M. E., M. V. Fey und A. D. Noble. „Nutrient Status and Toxicity Problems in Acid Soils“. In Soil Acidity, 149–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74442-6_7.
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Bariya, Himanshu, Durgesh Nandini und Ashish Patel. „Nutrient Deficiency and Toxicity Stress in Crop Plants“. In Approaches for Enhancing Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants, 179–92. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351104722-10.
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Hossner, L. R., und E. R. Allen. „Nutrient Availability and Element Toxicity in Lunar-Derived Soils“. In Lunar Base Agriculture: Soils for Plant Growth, 85–92. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1989.lunarbaseagriculture.c6.
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Gupta, Anamika, Pooja Saraswat, Mrinalini Prasad und Rajiv Ranjan. „Molecular Mechanism and Adaptation Strategies of Plants Under Nutrient Deficiency/Toxicity Conditions“. In Omics Analysis of Plants Under Abiotic Stress, 153–78. Boca Raton: Apple Academic Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003282761-6.
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Soltanpour, P. N. „Determination of Nutrient Availability and Elemental Toxicity by AB-DTPA Soil Test and ICPS“. In Advances in Soil Science, 165–90. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3144-8_3.
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Boudot, J. P., T. Becquer, D. Merlet, J. Rouiller, J. Ranger, E. Dambrine und D. A. Mohamed. „Potential Role of Aluminium Toxicity in Nutrient Deficiencies as Related to Forest Decline: An Assessment of Soil Solution Data from the Vosges Mountains“. In Forest Decline and Atmospheric Deposition Effects in the French Mountains, 270–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79535-0_12.
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Laberge, Claude, André Lescault und Robert M. Tanguay. „Hereditary Tyrosinemias (Type I): A New Vista on Tyrosine Toxicity and Cancer“. In Essential Nutrients in Carcinogenesis, 209–21. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1835-4_17.
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Zhao, Yan, Lishi Zhang, Jie Shen, Lingyu Ma und Li Wang. „Effects of Nutrients/Nutrition on Toxicants/Toxicity“. In Nutritional Toxicology, 1–28. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0872-9_1.
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Langridge, Peter. „Micronutrient Toxicity and Deficiency“. In Wheat Improvement, 433–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90673-3_24.
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AbstractMicronutrients are essential for plant growth although required in only very small amounts. There are eight micronutrients needed for healthy growth of wheat: chlorine, iron, boron, manganese, zinc, copper, nickel and molybdenum. Several factors will influence the availability of micronutrients, including levels in the soil, and mobility or availability. Zinc deficiency is the most significant problem globally followed by boron, molybdenum, copper, manganese and iron. Deficiency is usually addressed through application of nutrients to seeds, or through foliar spays when symptoms develop. There is considerable genetic variation in the efficiency of micronutrient uptake in wheat, but this is not a major selection target for breeding programs given the agronomic solutions. However, for some micronutrients, the concentrations in the soil can be very high and result in toxicity. Of the micronutrients, the narrowest range between deficiency and toxicity is for boron and toxicity is a significant problem in some regions. Although not a micronutrient, aluminium toxicity is also a major factor limiting yield in many areas, usually associated with a low soil pH. Agronomic solutions for boron and aluminium toxicity are difficult and expensive. Consequently, genetic approaches have dominated the strategies for addressing toxicity and good sources of tolerance are available.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Nutrient toxicity"
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Wilson, J. Jeffrey, Douglas W. Lee, Brett M. Yeske und Fred Kuipers. „Testing of In Situ and Ex Situ Bioremediation Approaches for an Oil-Contaminated Peat Bog Following a Pipeline Break“. In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-146.
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A biotreatability test was performed on oil-contaminated sphagnum peat moss from a 1985 pipeline spill of light Pembina Cardium crude oil at a bog near Violet Grove in central Alberta. Four tests were designed to simulate several field treatment approaches and to collect critical data on toxicity and leachability of this material. These tests included a bioslurry test, a soil microcosm test, an aerated water saturated peat column test, and a standard toxicity characteristic leachate potential (TCLP) test. In the saturated peat column tests, two nutrient amendment rates and a surfactant were tested to quantify biostimulation effects from an in-situ treatment design. An innovative aeration technology called the GLR (Gas-Liquid Reactor) was used to create a constant supply of hyperoxygenated water prior to column injection. The GLR continuously produces air bubbles of less than 50 microns in diameter, thereby maximizing air surface area and thereby increasing gas transfer rates. Crude oil biodegradation was quantified by the reduction in both extractable hydrocarbons and toxicity of the peat solids. The results confirmed that bioremediation of the residual crude oil to non-toxic levels in the peat bog at Violet Grove will be successful. All three tests — bioslurry, soil microcosm, and soil columns — gave similar results of at least 74% biodegradation of the residual crude oil on the peat solids. In situ bioremediation using the GLR aerated water injection system or an ex situ landfarming or biopile approach should achieve the 1000 mg/kg total petroleum hydrocarbon criteria. Neither fertilizer nor surfactant amendments were necessary to enhance oil biodegradation in the in situ column tests. The TCLP test indicated that ex situ treatment would require an impermeable liner for leachate collection. The time required to achieve the final remediation goals will depend on climatic variable such as temperature and rainfall during active summer season bioremediation. It is anticipated that an in situ approach using recirculated aerated water would achieve the cleanup up criteria within one full field treatment season.
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Dilshan, RADP, A. Sageenthan, NGN Weerangana, HMR Premasiri, Ratnayake NP, AMKB Abeysinghe, NP Dushyantha, NM Batapola und RMP Dilshara. „Geochemical Distribution of Selected Elements in Serpentinite Deposit in Ginigalpelessa, Sri Lanka“. In International Symposium on Earth Resources Management & Environment. Department of Earth Resources Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/iserme.2022.6.
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Serpentinite deposits are well known for their natural enrichments of heavy metals (Ni, Cr, Co) and depletions of macro nutrients (Ca, Mg), which have caused different ecological and health impacts in the surrounding areas. In addition, they are considered as potential sources for rare earth elements (REEs). While Ginigalpelessa, the largest serpentinite deposit in Sri Lanka, has been the focus of several toxicological studies, to date, there have been no significant studies related to geochemical distribution of heavy metals, macro nutrients, and REEs in the deposit. Therefore, the present study is focused on the assessment of geochemical distribution of selected elements (Ni, Cr, Co, Ca, Mg, and REEs) in the deposit. Accordingly, concentrations of these elements in 30 rock and soil samples were analyzed and their geochemical distributions were studied using the results of the present study and literature. Ni (6629 ppm) and Cr (35875 ppm) showed the highest enrichments in the deposit, whereas all the studied heavy metals have exceeded the permissible levels of the World Health Organization. In addition, a low Ca/Mg ratio was observed in the deposit, which explains the inhibition of plant growth in the deposit. Moreover, the identified areas with high enrichments of Ni, Cr, and Co using the prepared geochemical distribution maps will be useful in the spot remediation for toxicity in the deposit. Since serpentine soil is recognized as a low-grade source for Ni, low-grade extraction techniques such as phytomining and bioleaching are recommended to extract valuable metals from the Ginigalpelessa deposit.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Nutrient toxicity"
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Granot, David, Richard Amasino und Avner Silber. Mutual effects of hexose phosphorylation enzymes and phosphorous on plant development. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587223.bard.
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Research objectives 1) Analyze the combined effects of hexose phosphorylation and P level in tomato and Arabidopsis plants 2) Analyze the combined effects of hexose phosphorylation and P level in pho1 and pho2 Arabidopsis mutants 3) Clone and analyze the PHO2 gene 4) Select Arabidopsis mutants resistant to high and low P 5) Analyze the Arabidopsis mutants and clone the corresponding genes 6) Survey wild tomato species for growth characteristics at various P levels Background to the topic Hexose phosphorylating enzymes, the first enzymes of sugar metabolism, regulate key processes in plants such as photosynthesis, growth, senescence and vascular transport. We have previously discovered that hexose phosphorylating enzymes might regulate these processes as a function of phosphorous (P) concentration, and might accelerate acquisition of P, one of the most limiting nutrients in the soil. These discoveries have opened new avenues to gain fundamental knowledge about the relationship between P, sugar phosphorylation and plant development. Since both hexose phosphorylating enzymes and P levels affect plant development, their interaction is of major importance for agriculture. Due to the acceleration of senescence caused by the combined effects of hexose phosphorylation and P concentration, traits affecting P uptake may have been lost in the course of cultivation in which fertilization with relatively high P (30 mg/L) are commonly used. We therefore intended to survey wild tomato species for high P-acquisition at low P soil levels. Genetic resources with high P-acquisition will serve not only to generate a segregating population to map the trait and clone the gene, but will also provide a means to follow the trait in classical breeding programs. This approach could potentially be applicable for other crops as well. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements Our results confirm the mutual effect of hexose phosphorylating enzymes and P level on plant development. Two major aspects of this mutual effect arose. One is related to P toxicity in which HXK seems to play a major role, and the second is related to the effect of HXK on P concentration in the plant. Using tomato plants we demonstrated that high HXK activity increased leaf P concentration, and induced P toxicity when leaf P concentration increases above a certain high level. These results further support our prediction that the desired trait of high-P acquisition might have been lost in the course of cultivation and might exist in wild species. Indeed, in a survey of wild species we identified tomato species that acquired P and performed better at low P (in the irrigation water) compared to the cultivated Lycopersicon esculentum species. The connection between hexose phosphorylation and P toxicity has also been shown with the P sensitive species VerticordiaplumosaL . in which P toxicity is manifested by accelerated senescence (Silber et al., 2003). In a previous work we uncovered the phenomenon of sugar induced cell death (SICD) in yeast cells. Subsequently we showed that SICD is dependent on the rate of hexose phosphorylation as determined by Arabidopsis thaliana hexokinase. In this study we have shown that hexokinase dependent SICD has many characteristics of programmed cell death (PCD) (Granot et al., 2003). High hexokinase activity accelerates senescence (a PCD process) of tomato plants, which is further enhanced by high P. Hence, hexokinase mediated PCD might be a general phenomena. Botrytis cinerea is a non-specific, necrotrophic pathogen that attacks many plant species, including tomato. Senescing leaves are particularly susceptible to B. cinerea infection and delaying leaf senescence might reduce this susceptibility. It has been suggested that B. cinerea’s mode of action may be based on induction of precocious senescence. Using tomato plants developed in the course of the preceding BARD grant (IS 2894-97) and characterized throughout this research (Swartzberg et al., 2006), we have shown that B. cinerea indeed induces senescence and is inhibited by autoregulated production of cytokinin (Swartzberg et al., submitted). To further determine how hexokinase mediates sugar effects we have analyzed tomato plants that express Arabidopsis HXK1 (AtHXK1) grown at different P levels in the irrigation water. We found that Arabidopsis hexokinase mediates sugar signalling in tomato plants independently of hexose phosphate (Kandel-Kfir et al., submitted). To study which hexokinase is involved in sugar sensing we searched and identified two additional HXK genes in tomato plants (Kandel-Kfir et al., 2006). Tomato plants have two different hexose phosphorylating enzymes; hexokinases (HXKs) that can phosphorylate either glucose or fructose, and fructokinases (FRKs) that specifically phosphorylate fructose. To complete the search for genes encoding hexose phosphorylating enzymes we identified a forth fructokinase gene (FRK) (German et al., 2004). The intracellular localization of the four tomato HXK and four FRK enzymes has been determined using GFP fusion analysis in tobacco protoplasts (Kandel-Kfir et al., 2006; Hilla-Weissler et al., 2006). One of the HXK isozymes and one of the FRK isozymes are located within plastids. The other three HXK isozymes are associated with the mitochondria while the other three FRK isozymes are dispersed in the cytosol. We concluded that HXK and FRK are spatially separated in plant cytoplasm and accordingly might play different metabolic and perhaps signalling roles. We have started to analyze the role of the various HXK and FRK genes in plant development. So far we found that LeFRK2 is required for xylem development (German et al., 2003). Irrigation with different P levels had no effect on the phenotype of LeFRK2 antisense plants. In the course of this research we developed a rapid method for the analysis of zygosity in transgenic plants (German et al., 2003).