Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Nripendra Narayan“

The Bengal Renaissance in the first half of the 19th century led to the beginning of the Brahmo reform movement, started by Raja Rammohan Roy based on the concepts of monotheism and ethical precepts. Debendranath Tagore and Keshab Chandra Sen carried out reform activities but differences grew among them which led to the schism of the Brahmo Samaj- Adi Brahmo Samaj and Brahmo Samaj of India. Furthermore, the marriage controversy between the daughter of Keshab Chandra Sen, Sunity Devi, and Maharaja of Cooch Behar, Nripendra Narayan led to the second schism of Brahmoism. Those who objected to the marriage formed the Sadharan Brahmo Samaj and Keshab Chandra and his followers formed Nababidhan Brahmo Samaj. Nripendra Narayan declared himself a Brahmo and contributed a lot to modernizing Cooch Behar. Sunity Devi played a vital role in spreading the Nababidhan faith and the all-around development of this native State. Gajendra Narayan and Sabitri Devi also took the leading role in propagating Brahmoism. This reform movement in Cooch Behar resulted in the significant aesthetic, social and religious development of the State. But due to the gradual revival of Hindu culture and practices in the royal family after the death of Nripendra Narayan, Brahmoism lost its influence. Only the people of the upper strata of the society were influenced by the ideology of the Brahmoism, ordinary masses remained outside the orbit of the movement. But it is also true that modern Cooch Behar owes much of its modernization due to the Brahmo reform movement.

The Cooch Behar State was a small princely State of undivided Bengal during British rule. We know the State became a tributary State of the British East India Company in 1773 A.D. From this time the British ideology introduced in all aspects of the State by the Cooch Behar Maharajas. During the period of Maharaja Nripendra Narayan, who was known the modernizer of the Cooch Behar State, the British ideology had touched the highest stage of modernity during his time. During his time State introduced the First scientific land revenue management, Budget System and other developmental works. This had portrayed him as the modern Maharaja of the State or light side of the State. But this new land revenue management had sharp impact on the State environment and ecology and land-based society. This could portray him as destroyer of State environment and society.

Urban green landscapes are crucial in the period of drastic population increase, climate change concerns and pollution. Urban forestry conserves biodiversity and provides ecosystem services, thereby increasing the aesthetic value of cities. However, studies on the urban vegetation cover and their quantification are rare in India. Hence, the present analysis focused on the vegetation composition, quantitative characters and diversity indices in urban areas. The study was carried out through stratified random quadrat sampling and line transect method in urban green areas (three parks and one institutional area) of Cooch Behar ity, West Bengal, India. Around 76 plant c species, which belong to 67 genera and 39 families, were documented in the studied areas. The highest species richness was reported in Nripendra Narayan Park, followed by Royal Eco Heritage Park. Royal Eco Heritage Park is highly diverse according to the species diversity index. The species and are reported from all the urban forestry Codiaeum variegatum, Polyalthia longifolia Neolamarckia cadamba landscapes. The study serves as a managerial planning tool for the proper maintenance and management of urban green spaces.