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Thematische Bibliographien / Nova Scotia. Department of Public Health / Zeitschriftenartikel

Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Nova Scotia. Department of Public Health“

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Veröffentlicht am 25. Juli 2024

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1

Caldwell, Hilary A. T., Sarah Scruton, Katherine Fierlbeck, Mohammad Hajizadeh, Shivani Dave, S. Meaghan Sim und Sara F. L. Kirk. „Fare well to Nova Scotia? Public health investments remain chronically underfunded“. Canadian Journal of Public Health 112, Nr. 2 (24.02.2021): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17269/s41997-021-00478-8.

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AbstractInspired by Fiset-Laniel et al.’s (2020) article entitled “Public health investments: neglect or wilful omission? Historical trends in Quebec and implications for Canada”, we assessed public health investments since the establishment of the Nova Scotia provincial health authority in 2015. We analyzed Nova Scotia Department of Health and Wellness budgets from 2015−2016 to 2019–2020 and observed that less than 1% of funding was budgeted for public health annually, an amount well below the recommendation that 5–6% of healthcare funding be spent on public health. Healthcare spending has increased annually since 2015–2016, but proportions of funding to different programs and services have remained static. Specifically, we did not observe a change in investment in public health over time, suggesting that while the government does not necessarily spend too much or too little on healthcare, it spends far too little on public health. This chronic under-funding is problematic given the high rates of non-communicable diseases in Nova Scotia and health inequities experienced within the population. The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of public health work, and the need for a pandemic recovery plan that prioritizes investment in all areas of public health in Nova Scotia.

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Al-Assam, Assaad, Joanne M. Langley und Shelly Sarwal. „Respiratory Watch: Development of a Provincial System for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Surveillance in Nova Scotia, 2005–2008“. Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 20, Nr. 4 (2009): e153-e156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/361948.

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OBJECTIVE: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in young children and is increasingly recognized as a cause of influenza-like illness in those older than 65 years of age. A surveillance system to provide timely local information about RSV activity in Nova Scotia (NS) is described.METHODS: A case report form was developed for weekly reporting of all laboratory isolates of RSV at diagnostic laboratories around the province. Laboratories were asked to send the forms by fax each Friday to the Nova Scotia Department of Health Promotion and Protection. Data were entered in Excel (Microsoft, USA) and aggregate results summarized by age, sex, health district and date of laboratory confirmation for 2005 to 2008.RESULTS: During three winter seasons (2005–2006, 2006–2007 and 2007–2008), there were 207, 350 and 186 isolates of RSV reported in NS, respectively. The average incidences of RSV in NS varied greatly by age, with the highest rates in infants younger than 24 months of age, and approaching 4000 cases per 100,000 population in infants up to five months of age. The duration of the RSV outbreak was approximately five to six months each year, but the month of onset varied.CONCLUSIONS: A RSV surveillance system was successfully established in NS that provides weekly data to the public health system, clinicians and infection control practitioners. The time of onset and severity of the RSV season varied over time. These data can be used to plan anti-RSV passive prophylaxis programs and infection control education, and distinguish RSV outbreaks from other viruses in acute care and long-term care settings.

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Ozog, N., A. Steenbeek, J. Curran und N. Kelly. „P098: Staff and patient attitudes towards influenza vaccination availability during wait times at the Queen Elizabeth II Emergency Department, Halifax, Nova Scotia (in progress)“. CJEM 21, S1 (Mai 2019): S99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2019.289.

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Introduction: Influenza is a preventable infectious disease that causes a yearly burden to Canada. While an influenza vaccine is available free of charge in most provinces, uptake is below target rates. 15% of Canadians who did not get the influenza vaccine reported that they “didn't get around to it”; this presents an opportunity to combine the task of influenza prevention with the logistical issue of another health system challenge: escalating emergency department (ED) wait times. At the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (QEII) in Halifax, NS, average wait time is 4.6 hours. Offering the influenza vaccine during this time could increase convenient access to health services, and ultimately, improve vaccination rates. Methods: This observational, cross-sectional design study is currently in progress. It aims to gauge public interest, health care provider (HCP) support, perceived barriers and perceived facilitators to influenza vaccine availability at the QEII ED. Data is being collected via short, anonymous, close-ended questionnaires over a 7-week period, set to end Dec 14, 2018. Client participants are a convenience sample of low-acuity (Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale score 4/5), adult clients who use the QEII ED during the study period, anticipated n = 150. Client questionnaires are completed, with the help of a research assistant, on an iPad that inputs data directly into a secure online data collection tool. The HCP group is a convenience sample of nurses, physicians and paramedics currently working in the QEII ED, anticipated n = 80. Questionnaires are available to HCPs either on paper outside the staff lounge, or online. Data is being collected via short, anonymous, close-ended questionnaires over a 7-week period, set to end Dec 14, 2018. Client participants are a convenience sample of low-acuity (Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale score 4/5), adult clients who use the QEII ED during the study period, anticipated n = 150. Client questionnaires are completed, with the help of a research assistant, on an iPad that inputs data directly into a secure online data collection tool. The HCP group is a convenience sample of nurses, physicians and paramedics currently working in the QEII ED, anticipated n = 80. Questionnaires are available to HCPs either on paper outside the staff lounge, or online. Results: Following completion of data collection, descriptive statistics, such as the frequency of support for ED influenza vaccination and the proportion of unvaccinated clients willing to receive the vaccine if available in the ED, will be calculated using IBM SPSS Statistics 25. This will provide meaningful data that can be used by the QEII to inform future program planning (i.e. should the influenza vaccine be made available in the ED). Conclusion: An ED vaccination program could add value to the hours clients spend waiting to be seen, and make ED care more cohesive. It is essential that clients and ED staff are approached prior to any new initiative; this study is one way we can lay the necessary groundwork for a public health program that would utilize patient “wait time” more effectively.

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Graham-DeMello, Anna, Joshua Yusuf, Margaret Kay-Arora, Camille L. Hancock Friesen und Sara F. L. Kirk. „Understanding the Environment for Health-Promoting Schools Policies in Nova Scotia: A Comprehensive Scan at the Provincial and Regional School Level“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 7 (25.03.2021): 3411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073411.

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The World Health Organization has identified the school community as a key setting for health promotion efforts, laying out its priorities in the Health-Promoting Schools (HPS) framework. This framework offers a comprehensive approach that has been adopted in countries around the globe, with defining characteristics focused around the school curriculum and environment. Nova Scotia (NS) adopted the HPS framework at a provincial level in 2005, but it has been variably implemented. We aimed to identify, categorize, and broadly describe the environment for HPS policies in NS. Four iterative steps were employed: (1) a scan of government and regional school websites to identify publicly available policies; (2) consultations with provincial departments with respect to policy relevance and scope; (3) cross-comparison of policies by two reviewers; (4) compilation of policies into an online database. Seventy policies at the provincial level and 509 policies across eight public school regions were identified. Policies focusing on a ‘safe school environment’ were most common; those addressing mental health and well-being, physical activity, nutrition and healthy eating, and substance use were among those least commonly identified. This scan provides a comprehensive overview of HPS-relevant policies in NS, along with relative proportions and growth over time. Our findings suggest areas of policy action and inaction that may help or hinder the implementation of HPS principles and values.

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Terashima, Mikiko, und Alix J. E. Carter. „Correlation of age and rurality with low-urgency use of emergency medical services (LUEMS): A geographic analysis“. CJEM 20, Nr. 6 (04.08.2017): 874–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2017.364.

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ABSTRACTObjectivesStudies suggest that addressing the needs of the older population in rural areas may substantially reduce their low-urgency use of emergency medical services (LUEMS). It may ultimately also help improve the efficiency in our health system. There is, however, a dearth of evidence substantiating geographic patterns in LUEMS by different age cohorts. This exploratory study was aimed to clarify the understanding of emergency medical services (EMS) use in Nova Scotia through a geographic analysis.MethodsRecords with Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale of 4 and 5 were considered as LUEMS. We assessed the distribution of LUEMS incidence rates (proportion of LUEMS out of all EMS uses) by age and rurality, using descriptive statistics and Geographic Information Systems mapping.ResultsNearly half of all EMS transports were individuals of 65+ years of age; 35% of those were LUEMS. The rates increased along with the level of rurality, and the older cohort had the highest incidence rates in non-metro communities. High rates were seen primarily in some rural communities farthest away from the capital/tertiary care centre.ConclusionHigh LUEMS incidence rates are rural phenomena but not specific to the older population. However, the absolute number of LUEMS by the older cohort is significant, and elder-specific interventions in rural regions could still lead to effective cost savings. Further investigation of other factors, such as distance to the emergency department, availability of public transportation, and socioeconomic conditions of EMS users, is needed.

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Paynter, Martha Jane. „Policy and Legal Protection for Breastfeeding and Incarcerated Women in Canada“. Journal of Human Lactation 34, Nr. 2 (27.03.2018): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334418758659.

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Most incarcerated women in Canada are mothers. Because women are the fastest growing population in carceral facilities, protecting the rights of incarcerated women to breastfeed their children is increasingly important. There is considerable evidence that incarcerated women in Canada experience poor physical and mental health, isolation, and barriers to care. Incarcerated women and their children could benefit significantly from breastfeeding. This Insight in Policy explores policy and legal protection for breastfeeding in Canada as it relates to carceral facilities, considers key cases regarding breastfeeding rights among incarcerated women, and presents recommendations for policy development and advocacy. The Canadian Constitution and human rights legislation across Canada prohibits discrimination on the basis of gender and includes pregnancy and the possibility of becoming pregnant as a characteristic of gender. Some provinces note that breastfeeding is a characteristic of gender. Women’s Wellness Within, a nonprofit organization providing volunteer perinatal support to criminalized women in Nova Scotia, conducted a scan of all provincial and territorial correctional services acts and the federal Corrections and Conditional Release Act: none mention breastfeeding. Protocols for breastfeeding during arrest and lockup by police were not available in any jurisdiction across Canada. International law, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Nelson Mandela Rules, and the Bangkok Rules, have application to the rights of incarcerated breastfeeding women. The Inglis v. British Columbia (Minister of Public Safety) (2013) and Hidalgo v. New Mexico Department of Corrections (2017) decisions are pivotal examples of successful litigation brought forward by incarcerated mothers to advance breastfeeding rights. Improved application and understanding of existent law could advance breastfeeding rights.

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Gilhen, John, und Terry Power. „Snapping Turtle—Tortue serpentine—turtle mi’ kjikj (snapping; Chelydra serpentina), added to the herpetofauna of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada“. Canadian Field-Naturalist 132, Nr. 1 (28.08.2018): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v132i1.2020.

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Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina) is native to mainland Nova Scotia, but its status on Cape Breton Island has been uncertain. Although it was recorded from Cape Breton Island as early as 1953, until 1984, it was known from only three widely scattered locations. Since that time, additional reports received from the public by Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources and the Nova Scotia Museum of Natural History suggest that the species is native to Cape Breton Island. Thus, we are adding Snapping Turtle to the native herpetofauna of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia.

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Munro, A., W. O. McCormick und D. W. Archibald. „Achieving the BTC Qualification“. Bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists 11, Nr. 9 (September 1987): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0140078900017843.

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Since 1984, Nova Scotia has had a programme to bring a small number of senior trainees in psychiatry from Britain or Ireland to undertake one year of clinical work plus continuing medical education here. This programme is sponsored by the Nova Scotia Provincial Department of Health in collaboration with the Dalhousie University Department of Psychiatry.

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Peters, John L., Caroline Caseley und Brenda Hiltz. „Tattooing: A Nova Scotia Experience“. Canadian Journal of Public Health 88, Nr. 6 (November 1997): 373–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03403908.

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10

St John, Meredith, Matthew Durant, Phil D. Campagna, Laurene A. Rehman, Angela M. Thompson, Laurie A. Wadsworth und René J. L. Murphy. „Overweight Nova Scotia Children and Youth“. Canadian Journal of Public Health 99, Nr. 4 (Juli 2008): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03403760.

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11

Greene, Lindsey A. „Recycling. A Less Trashy Nova Scotia“. Environmental Health Perspectives 109, Nr. 9 (September 2001): A418. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3454975.

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12

Stoklosa, Michal. „No surge in illicit cigarettes after implementation of menthol ban in Nova Scotia“. Tobacco Control 28, Nr. 6 (11.10.2018): 702–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054552.

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BackgroundIn May 2015, the Canadian province of Nova Scotia became the first jurisdiction in the world to ban menthol cigarettes specifically. The tobacco industry warned that ‘the primary effect of this law will be to increase the illegal tobacco market in Nova Scotia’. This is the first attempt to examine the impact of the menthol ban on trends in illicit cigarettes.Data and methodsData on the number of illicit cigarettes seized in Nova Scotia covering the period from 2007/2008 to 2017/2018 was obtained from the Provincial Tax Commission. Data from before and after the ban are compared.ResultsAccording to the local authorities, while the enforcement efforts in Nova Scotia have not declined, the number of seized illicit cigarettes declined significantly, from >60 000 cartons in 2007/2008 to <10 000 cartons in 2017/2018. Since the menthol ban, the seizure volume remained stable, with no statistically significant difference in the number of cigarettes seized before and after the menthol ban (t=−0.71, p=0.55). There were only a few small seizures of menthol cigarettes in the year following the ban, after which there have been no further seizures of menthol cigarettes.DiscussionContrary to the tobacco industry’s assertions, there was no surge in illicit cigarettes after the 2015 ban on menthol cigarette sales in Nova Scotia. Credible, industry-independent evidence on illicit cigarette trade is desperately needed to support the implementation of tobacco control policies.

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Persaud, D. David, Steve Jreige, Chris Skedgel, John Finley, Joan Sargeant und Neil Hanlon. „An incremental cost analysis of telehealth in Nova Scotia from a societal perspective“. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 11, Nr. 2 (01.03.2005): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1357633053499877.

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We examined the costs of telehealth in Nova Scotia from a societal perspective. The clinical outcomes of telepsychiatry and teledermatology services were assumed to be similar to those for conventional face-to-face consultations. Cost information was obtained from the Nova Scotia Department of Health, the Canadian Institute for Health Information, and questionnaires to patients, physicians and telehealth coordinators. There were 215 questionnaires completed by patients, 135 by specialist physicians and eight by telehealth coordinators. Patient costs for a face-to-face consultation ranged from &dollar;240 to &dollar;1048 (all costs in Canadian dollars), whereas patient costs for telehealth were lower, from &dollar;17 to &dollar;70. However, from a societal perspective, the overall cost of providing face-to-face services was lower than for telehealth: the total costs for face-to-face services ranged from &dollar;325 to &dollar;1133, while the total costs for telehealth services ranged from &dollar;1736 to &dollar;28,084. A threshold analysis showed that, above a certain patient workload, telehealth services would be more cost-effective than face-to-face services from a societal perspective. This workload is attainable in Nova Scotia.

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Schleihauf, Emily, Kirstin Crabtree, Carolyn Dohoo, Sarah Fleming, Heather McPeake und Matthew Bowes. „At-a-glance - Concurrent monitoring of opioid prescribing practices and opioid-related deaths: the context in Nova Scotia, Canada“. Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada 38, Nr. 9 (September 2018): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.38.9.05.

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Timely public health surveillance is required to understand trends in opioid use and harms. Here, opioid dispensing data from the Nova Scotia Prescription Monitoring Program are presented alongside fatality data from the Nova Scotia Medical Examiner Service. Concurrent monitoring of trends in these data sources is essential to detect population-level effects (whether intended or unintended) of interventions related to opioid prescribing.

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Jones, Jennifer, Mikiko Terashima und Daniel Rainham. „Fast Food and Deprivation in Nova Scotia“. Canadian Journal of Public Health 100, Nr. 1 (Januar 2009): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03405489.

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Wang, JianLi, Jean Hughes, Gail Tomblin Murphy, Janet A. Rigby und Donald B. Langille. „Suicidal Behaviours Among Adolescents in Northern Nova Scotia“. Canadian Journal of Public Health 94, Nr. 3 (Mai 2003): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03405068.

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O'Brien, Brian D., Murray G. Brown und George Kephart. „Estimation of Hospital Costs for Colorectal Cancer Care for Nova Scotia“. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 15, Nr. 1 (2001): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/975208.

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BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common invasive cancer in Canada. Estimates of the costs of care allow estimation of the cost effectiveness of screening for premalignant and early disease.OBJECTIVE: To estimate, from administrative data, the hospital costs incurred by a population-based cohort of CRC cases over three years from diagnosis.DESIGN: All Nova Scotia residents with CRC who were diagnosed in 1990 were identified from the Nova Scotia Cancer Registry. These cases were linked to the administrative files of the Nova Scotia Department of Health, which contain information on diagnosis, procedures and length of stay for all admissions and day surgery visits to Nova Scotia hospitals.MEASUREMENTS: The lengths of stay and hospital-specific per diem rates were used as the measures of resource use. The costs were analyzed in terms of the extent of spread at diagnosis; the time period after diagnosis; the time period before death; and, for typical cases, the age and presence of comorbidity identified during the initial surgical admission.RESULTS: The estimated three-year hospital cost for the complete cohort of 593 cases was $9.8 million. This cost was significantly less for cases with local spread, highest in the six months around, and after diagnosis and in the final six months of life, and highest in the typical cases (patients who were older and had significant comorbid conditions).CONCLUSIONS: Hospital-specific per diem rates and lengths of stay are an approximate measure of hospital resource use.

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Krmpotic, Kristina, Cynthia Isenor und Stephen Beed. „Deceased organ donation in Nova Scotia: Presumed consent and system transformation“. Healthcare Management Forum 33, Nr. 5 (23.04.2020): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0840470420919129.

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In recent years, rates of deceased organ donation in Nova Scotia have remained stagnant, falling behind provinces that have invested in their organ donation programs. The Nova Scotia provincial government has recently committed to health system transformation, which will include enactment of presumed consent legislation in 2020. Although impressive rates of deceased organ donation are often observed in countries with presumed consent legislation, improvements in performance can more often be attributed to the accompanying health system transformation. Key components of high performing deceased organ donation systems include highly trained organ donation specialists, practice guidelines, healthcare professional education, performance metric reviews, accountability frameworks, and public awareness campaigns in addition to adequate legislation. For Nova Scotia’s organ donation program to succeed, the provincial government must also invest the frontline financial resources required to develop and maintain adequate program infrastructure and implement key strategies to support a culture of donation.

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Michaels, CL, L. Kumaranayke, J. Scott, S. Sarwal, A. Coombs, E. Holmes und IS Sketris. „PIH4 COST OF PUBLIC HEALTH DELIVERY OF CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS IN NOVA SCOTIA“. Value in Health 13, Nr. 7 (November 2010): A540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(11)73249-1.

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Keefe, Janice, Lori Mitchell, Jeff Poss und Jasmine Mah. „DO PUBLIC HOME CARE CLIENTS “LOSE OUT ON SERVICES” BECAUSE THEY HAVE A FAMILY CAREGIVER?“ Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (01.12.2023): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.0560.

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Abstract The public home care (PHC) system in Canada is heavily reliant on family caregivers to enable clients to stay in the community. When caregivers are present, there are concerns formal home care aide (HCA) services are less available. Using data from the Resident Assessment Instrument for Home Care (RAI-HC), we examined caregiver and client characteristics in relation to HCA service amounts. Our cohorts were individuals aged 60+ receiving an initial RAI-HC assessment in 2011-2013, and one subsequent assessment in two provincial jurisdictions: the Winnipeg Regional Health Authority (n=5,251) and Nova Scotia Health (n=5291). We measured weekly HCA hours and constructed a predictive model for hours of care controlling for client need. To identify the most underserved client population, we calculated the ratio between predicted to actual received hours of care ascertaining the lowest client quintile. In both jurisdictions, the odds of being underserviced were higher when the client co-resided or had a spouse. Clients living alone at initial intake were least likely to be underserved. Caregiver characteristics increasing the risk of being underserved in Winnipeg included providing IADLs/ADLs support, caring more than 14 hours per week and being unable to continue. Rurality increased risk of underservice in Nova Scotia. These findings contribute to the debate: is PHC a supplement or substitution for family care? PHC as a supplement to family care was more pronounced in Winnipeg and in rural Nova Scotia. Implications for greater equity across regions is explored using an Equity, Diversity and Inclusion lens.

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Marrie, T. J., J. Van Buren, J. Fraser, E. V. Haldane, R. S. Faulkner, J. C. Williams und C. Kwan. „Seroepidemiology of Q fever among domestic animals in Nova Scotia.“ American Journal of Public Health 75, Nr. 7 (Juli 1985): 763–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.75.7.763.

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Carlsson, Liesel, Patricia L. Williams, Jessica S. Hayes-Conroy, Daphne Lordly und Edith Callaghan. „School Gardens: Cultivating Food Security in Nova Scotia Public Schools?“ Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 77, Nr. 3 (September 2016): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/cjdpr-2015-051.

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Purpose: A small but growing body of peer-reviewed research suggests that school gardens can play a role in building community food security (CFS); however, to date little research exploring the role of school gardens in supporting CFS is available. This paper begins to address this gap in the literature. Methods: A qualitative, exploratory, single-case study design was used. The focus of this case study was the school food garden at an elementary school in the River Valley, Nova Scotia, school community. Results: Results provide useful information about potential CFS effects of school gardens in addition to the environmental effects on school gardens important to their effectiveness as CFS tools. Findings suggest children gained food-related knowledge, skills, and values that support long-term CFS. A local social and political landscape at the community, provincial, and school board level were key to strengthening this garden’s contributions to CFS. Conclusions: We support Dietitians of Canada’s nomination of school gardens as an indicator of CFS with theoretical and practical evidence, underscore the importance of a supportive environment, and need for further research in this area. Health professionals and community organizations provide critical support, helping to weave gardens into a greater movement towards building CFS.

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Berridge, Virginia, und Shawna Bourne. „Illicit Drugs, Infectious Disease and Public Health: A Historical Perspective“. Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 16, Nr. 3 (2005): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/530160.

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The present report outlines a presentation by Professor Virginia Berridge at the Second Stanier Lecture held in Halifax, Nova Scotia, on November 5, 2002. The relationship among public health concepts, illicit drug use prevention and policy, and infection control strategies in England and other locations is paralleled over the course of two centuries. This historical journey analyzes changes in public health and demonstrates how history and public health have intersected at various times to result in the public health approaches used today.

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Levy, AR, KM Johnston, A. Daoust, A. Ignaszewski und P. Oh. „Contemporary Natural History Of Heart Failure In Nova Scotia, Canada“. Value in Health 21 (Mai 2018): S57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2018.04.344.

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Travers, Andrew H. „Evolution of a high-performance emergency health services system in Nova Scotia“. Healthcare Management Forum 31, Nr. 5 (02.08.2018): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0840470418773416.

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Since 1997, Emergency Health Services in Nova Scotia (NS) has evolved from a program providing prehospital care for patients in transport to a system providing integrated healthcare in both traditional (ie, ambulance) and non-traditional settings (eg, patient homes, hospital settings). This article highlights (1) the reorganization of the emergency medical service system design, (2) the strategies enabling efficient operation of this design, and (3) resultant innovations evolving from both system redesign and strategy application. Emergency Health Services has utilized a Public Utility Model (PUM) design providing prehospital healthcare, public safety, and public health responses to the population of NS. The success of the PUM has been complimented by three strategies: (1) co-leadership model operations, (2) common languages to translate evidence into practice, and (3) collaborative and integrated relationships with other regulated healthcare providers. This prehospital system design and application strategies could be applied in other sectors of community and hospital systems of care.

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O’Brien, Sheila F., Shelley L. Deeks, Todd Hatchette, Chantale Pambrun und Steven J. Drews. „SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Nova Scotia blood donors“. Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada 9, Nr. 1 (29.03.2024): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jammi-2023-0017.

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Background: SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence monitors cumulative infection rates irrespective of case testing protocols. We aimed to describe Nova Scotia blood donor seroprevalence in relation to public health policy and reported data over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic (May 2020 to August 2022). Methods: Monthly random Nova Scotia blood donation samples (24,258 in total) were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection antibodies (anti-nucleocapsid) from May 2020 to August 2022, and vaccination antibodies (anti-spike) from January 2021 to August 2022. Multivariable logistic regression for infection antibodies and vaccination antibodies separately with month, age, sex, and racialization identified independent predictors. The provincial nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)-positive case rate over the pandemic was calculated from publicly available data. Results: Anti-N seroprevalence was 3.8% in January 2022, increasing to 50.8% in August 2022. The general population COVID-19 case rate was 3.5% in January 2022, increasing to 12.5% in August 2022. The percentage of NAAT-positive samples in public health laboratories increased from 1% in November 2021 to a peak of 30.7% in April 2022 with decreasing numbers of tests performed. Higher proportions of younger donors as well as Black, Indigenous, and racialized blood donors were more likely to have infection antibodies ( p < 0.01). Vaccination antibodies increased to 100% over 2021, initially in older donors (60+ years), and followed by progressively younger age groups. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 infection rates were relatively low in Nova Scotia until the more contagious Omicron variant dominated, after which about half of Nova Scotia donors had been infected despite most adults being vaccinated (although severity was much lower in vaccinated individuals). Most COVID-19 cases were detected by NAAT until Omicron arrived. When NAAT testing priorities focused on high-risk individuals, infection rates were better reflected by seroprevalence.

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Carlsson, Liesel, und C. Shanthi Jacob Johnson. „Osteoporosis Health Beliefs and Practices Among Korean Immigrants in Nova Scotia“. Journal of Immigrant Health 6, Nr. 2 (April 2004): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:joih.0000019169.41271.f5.

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Amirault, Mardi, Shelley Cobbett, Andrea Doherty, Jackie Hartigan-Rogers, Adele LeBlanc, Martha Muise-Davis und Joanne Newell. „Consumer health information on the Internet: an evaluation report on the Nova Scotia Health Network“. Journal of the Canadian Health Libraries Association / Journal de l'Association des bibliothèques de la santé du Canada 26, Nr. 2 (01.06.2005): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5596/c05-013.

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The Nova Scotia Health Network (NSHN) is a province-wide, Web-based consumer health information service provided through the cooperative efforts of various organizations, including public libraries, health sciences libraries, the Nova Scotia Provincial Library, and Dalhousie University. The primary intent of the NSHN was to build on existing community resources to provide a quality source of local and general health information. Objective – The purpose was to evaluate the NSHN from the perspective of its users in relation to the ease of use of the site and the usability of the information and content. Methods – A descriptive design was chosen to address the study objectives. Results – Study participants were those users of the NSHN site who agreed to complete and submit an online survey between June 2002 and June 2003. The majority of study respondents were white, middle-aged, English-speaking females, who resided in rural Nova Scotia. They were mostly able to find the information they wanted with little effort and in a reasonable time frame. One in four participants indicated that the information had been used to help them change their lifestyle, whereas one in three reported that they had shared the information with their health care provider. The content found on the site was very highly rated, with more than 90% reporting that the information was easy to understand, useful, and of high quality. Conclusion – The data obtained in this study was positive and encouraging. Sixty-six percent rated the site as a 4 or 5 (with 5 being the best rating) when compared with other health information sites they had visited. Individuals who visited the NSHN site in the past used the acquired information to change health care practices and (or) seek further treatment.

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Johnston, B. Lynn, David A. Haase, B. Anthony Armson, Spencer H. S. Lee, Kevin Manley und Pat Hazell. „Seroprevalence of HIV Infection in Childbearing Women in Nova Scotia“. Canadian Journal of Public Health 88, Nr. 1 (Januar 1997): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03403854.

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Kephart, G., V. S. Thomas und D. R. MacLean. „Socioeconomic differences in the use of physician services in Nova Scotia.“ American Journal of Public Health 88, Nr. 5 (Mai 1998): 800–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.88.5.800.

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Ferguson, Brian. „The Canadian experience“. Psychiatric Bulletin 13, Nr. 9 (September 1989): 499–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.13.9.499.

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A previous article in the Bulletin describes the ‘BTC’ (Been to Canada) scheme sponsored by the Nova Scotia Department of Health to bring psychiatric trainees to Canada in order to undertake a year's clinical work in addition to ongoing medical education under the auspices of the Department of Psychiatry at Dalhousie University. Over the years the scheme has attracted a number of graduates, some of whom have been prompted to stay on and develop rewarding careers. The original article by Munro and colleagues (1987) describes the programme from the sponsor's perspective and might well be complemented by this account from a BTC graduate who has now returned to the National Health Service.

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Hillier, T., und N. Giacomantonio. „PDB13 Examining Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in the NOVA Scotia Public Pharmacare Program“. Value in Health 23 (Dezember 2020): S507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2020.08.610.

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Krkosek, Wendy, Victoria Reed und Graham A. Gagnon. „Assessing protozoan risks for surface drinking water supplies in Nova Scotia, Canada“. Journal of Water and Health 14, Nr. 1 (07.07.2015): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2015.034.

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Protozoa, such as Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia, pose a human health risk when present in drinking water. To minimize health risks, the Nova Scotia Treatment Standards for surface water and groundwater under the direct influence of surface water require a 3-log reduction for Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts. This study determined the protozoan risk of municipal surface source waters in Nova Scotia, through the use of a pre-screening risk analysis of water supplies, followed by subsequent water quality analysis of the seven highest risk supplies. The water supplies were monitored monthly for 1 year to obtain baseline data that could be used for a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA). The QMRA model outcomes were compared to the Health Canada health target of 10−6 disability-adjusted life years/person/year. QMRA modeling shows that the treatment facilities meet the required log reductions and disability-adjusted life year target standards under current conditions. Furthermore, based on the results of this work, Nova Scotia should maintain the current 3-log reduction standard for Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts. The results of this study show that a pre-screening step can help to inform water sources that are particularly vulnerable to protozoan contamination, which can lead to more focused, cost-effective sampling, and monitoring programs.

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Sadek, Joseph, Mary Pyche, Scott Theriault, Nicholas Delva, Sonia Chehil und David Pilon. „A new suicide risk assessment tool in Nova Scotia, Canada“. Clinical and Investigative Medicine 43, Nr. 1 (05.04.2020): E30—E34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v43i1.33648.

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Suicide is a major public health concern. In Canada, suicide is the ninth leading cause of death in all ages, with a rate of 10.3 deaths per 100,000 people. In Nova Scotia, Canada, 137 suicides were reported in 2016 [1]. Suicide risk assessment (SRA) and management are clinical competencies required for patient care. Strategies used for SRA include the use of formal self-report measures [2], personalized clinical interview however vital information about suicide risk may be missed during that unstructured assessment [3] and structured tool to supplement the clinical interview.

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Langille, Donald B., Jean Hughes, Gail Tomblin und Janet A. Rigby. „Contraception Among Young Women Attending High School in Rural Nova Scotia“. Canadian Journal of Public Health 93, Nr. 6 (November 2002): 461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03405040.

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Langille, Donald B., und Janet A. Rigby. „Factors Associated with PAP Testing in Adolescents in Northern Nova Scotia“. Canadian Journal of Public Health 97, Nr. 3 (Mai 2006): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03405580.

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Johnston, Grace M., Christopher J. Boyd und Margery A. MacIsaac. „Community-based Cultural Predictors of Pap Smear Screening in Nova Scotia“. Canadian Journal of Public Health 95, Nr. 2 (März 2004): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03405774.

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Phillips, Stephen James, Allison Stevens, Huiling Cao, Wendy Simpkin, Jennifer Payne und Neala Gill. „Improving stroke care in Nova Scotia, Canada: a population-based project spanning 14 years“. BMJ Open Quality 10, Nr. 3 (September 2021): e001368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2021-001368.

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Stroke is a complex disorder that challenges healthcare systems. An audit of in-hospital stroke care in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada, in 2004–2005 indicated that many aspects of care delivery fell short of national best practice recommendations. Stroke care in Nova Scotia was reorganised using a combination of interventions to facilitate systems change and quality improvement. The focus was mainly on implementing evidence-based stroke unit care, augmenting thrombolytic therapy and enhancing dysphagia assessment. Key were the development of a provincial network to facilitate ongoing collaboration and structured information exchange, the creation of the stroke coordinator and stroke physician champion roles, and the implementation of a registry to capture information about adults hospitalised because of stroke or transient ischaemic attack. To evaluate the interventions, a longitudinal analysis compared the audit results with registry data for 2012, 2015 and 2019. The proportion of patients receiving multidisciplinary stroke unit care rose from 22.4% in 2005 to 74.0% in 2019. The proportion of patients who received alteplase increased steadily from 3.2% to 18.5%, and the median delay between hospital arrival and alteplase administration decreased from 102 min to 56 min, without an increase in intracranial haemorrhage. Dysphagia screening increased from 41.4% to 77.4%. More patients were transferred from acute care to a dedicated in-patient rehabilitation unit, and fewer were discharged to residential or long-term care. These enhancements did not prolong length-of-stay in acute care. The network was a critical success factor; competing priorities in the healthcare system were the main challenge to implementing change. A multidimensional, multiyear, improvement intervention yielded substantial and sustained improvements in the process and structure of stroke care in Nova Scotia.

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Pellerine, Liam P., Myles W. O’Brien, Chris A. Shields, Sandra J. Crowell, Robert Strang und Jonathon R. Fowles. „Health Care Providers’ Perspectives on Promoting Physical Activity and Exercise in Health Care“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 15 (02.08.2022): 9466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159466.

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Health care providers (HCPs) are entrusted with providing credible health-related information to their patients/clients. Patients/clients who receive physical activity and exercise (PAE) advice from an HCP typically increase their PAE level. However, most HCPs infrequently discuss PAE or prescribe PAE, due to the many challenges (e.g., time, low confidence) they face during regular patient care. The purpose of this study was to ascertain HCPs’ perspectives of what could be done to promote PAE in health care. HCPs (n = 341) across Nova Scotia completed an online self-reflection survey regarding their current PAE practices and ideas to promote PAE. The sample consisted of 114 physicians, 114 exercise professionals, 65 dietitians, and 48 nurses. Quantitative textual analysis (frequency of theme ÷ number of respondents) was performed to identify common themes to promote PAE in health care. In the pooled sample, the primary theme cited was to increase the availability of community programs (24.1% of respondents), followed by more educational opportunities for providers (22.5%), greater promotion of PAE from HCPs (17.1%), reducing financial barriers experienced by patients/clients (16.3%), and increasing availability of qualified exercise professionals (15.0%). Altogether, increased PAE education and greater availability of affordable community PAE programs incorporating qualified exercise professionals, would reduce barriers preventing routine PAE promotion and support the promotion of PAE in Nova Scotia.

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Langille, D. B., P. Andreou, R. P. Beazley und M. E. Delaney. „Sexual Health Knowledge of Students at a High School in Nova Scotia“. Canadian Journal of Public Health 89, Nr. 2 (März 1998): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03404394.

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Joffres, C. „Defining and operationalizing capacity for heart health promotion in Nova Scotia, Canada“. Health Promotion International 19, Nr. 1 (01.03.2004): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dah106.

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Lavers, Amanda J., Jason N. Headley, John L. MacMillan und Darrin Reid. „The trout fishery of the upper Medway watershed, Nova Scotia, 2016-17“. Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS) 49, Nr. 2 (10.03.2018): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/pnsis.v49i2.8163.

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During the spring of 2016 and 2017, the Mersey Tobeatic Research Institute (MTRI), in collaboration with the Nova Scotia Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, conducted an angler creel survey in the Medway Lakes Wilderness Area that is located within the upper Medway watershed. Since 2012, public access to this region was improved to numerous lakes and streams, increasing the risk of overexploitation and the illegal introduction of invasive fish species. The purpose of this study was to assess the current status of the fishery for Brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, investigate the possible presence of invasive Smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu, and Chain pickerel, Esox niger, and inform anglers of the effects of invasive species on local biodiversity. Over the course of this two-year study, a total of 264 anglers spent 1017 hours to catch 1279 trout, of which 74% were released. Median length of retained Brook trout was of 25 cm and the maximum length was 43 cm. The majority of the catch was 2+ and 3+ years old. Angler catch rates were similar to nearby Kejimkujik National Park and greater than in the Tangier Grand Lakes Wilderness Area. The study area does not currently appear to be inhabited by invasive fish species. Most of the anglers interviewed lived nearby and had a long history of fishing in the upper Medway watershed. The study provides baseline data from the trout fishery which could be used to evaluate management strategies and future impacts of invasive fish species.

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Twohig, Peter L., Wayne Putnam und Dawn Frail. „Qualitative Perspectives on a Facilitated Change in Provincial Pharmacare Coverage“. Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada 138, Nr. 2 (März 2005): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/171516350513800206.

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Background: During 2000, Nova Scotia's Department of Health implemented policy changes and educational interventions to encourage a switch from wet nebulization therapy to dry-dose delivery systems. The policy changes applied to beneficiaries of the Nova Scotia Pharmacare Programs, while the educational interventions had a broader provincial perspective. Methods: Researchers from Dalhousie University's Department of Family Medicine subsequently interviewed family physicians, pharmacists, and other health professionals to gather their views on the initiative. A single researcher (PLT) conducted interviews in the summer of 2001 in two settings. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed. Analysis was guided by a grounded theory approach and facilitated by the use of QSR N5, a software program designed for computer-assisted qualitative data analysis. Results: The results are discussed in several categories, including the role of evidence, change strategies, user devotion to older delivery systems, and health care provider perspectives on policy change. Conclusion: Health care professionals interviewed agreed that this was a well-designed initiative in many respects. Participants identified several key elements that offer insights for future policy-implementation design, execution, and evaluation.

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Monteith, Hiliary, Barbara Anderson und Patricia L. Williams. „Capacity building and personal empowerment: participatory food costing in Nova Scotia, Canada“. Health Promotion International 35, Nr. 2 (21.02.2019): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz004.

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Abstract Food insecurity impacts millions of people globally. It has been recognized as a priority and a human right by the United Nations where empowerment of women is identified as a significant goal in addressing food insecurity. In the Maritime Province of Nova Scotia (NS), Canada, more than one in five children live in food insecure households. Since 2002, participatory action research (PAR) has been an integral component of food costing in NS with an aim to support capacity building for food security. Building on earlier research that examined short-term outcomes, and recognizing a lack of research examining outcomes of PAR processes, this study aimed to explore the medium-term individual capacity building processes and outcomes of women involved in Participatory Food Costing (PFC). Findings revealed that capacities were built with respect to interrelated themes of ‘awareness, participation, personal development, readiness to change, political impact, influence on others, self-esteem, project growth and project continuity’. In addition, the involvement of these women in PFC resulted in both personal empowerment and food security-related policy change. Involving vulnerable populations through PAR is valuable in influencing health-related policy.

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Schleihauf, Emily, und Matthew J. Bowes. „Suicide and drug toxicity mortality in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: use of medical examiner data for public health in Nova Scotia“. Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada 42, Nr. 2 (November 2021): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.42.2.02.

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Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic and governmental responses have raised concerns about any corresponding rise in suicide and/or drug toxicity mortality due to exacerbations of mental illness, economic issues, changes to drug supply, ability to access harm reduction services, and other factors. Methods Data were obtained from the Nova Scotia Medical Examiner Service. Case definitions were developed, and their performance characteristics assessed. Pre-pandemic trends in monthly suicide and drug toxicity deaths were modelled and the observed numbers of deaths in the pandemic year compared to expected numbers. Results There was a significant reduction in suicide deaths in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nova Scotia, with about 21 fewer non-drug toxicity suicide deaths than expected in March 2020 to February 2021 (risk ratio = 0.82). No change in drug toxicity mortality was detected. Case definitions were successfully applied to free-text cause of death statements and cases where cause and manner of death remained under investigation. Conclusion Processes for case classification and monitoring can be implemented in collaboration with medical examiners/coroners for timely, ongoing public health surveillance of suicide and drug toxicity mortality. Medical examiners and coroners are the stewards of a wealth of data that could inform the prevention of further deaths; it is time to engage these systems in public health surveillance.

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Reamy, Jack. „Physician Recruitment in Rural Canada: Programs in New Brunswick, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia“. Journal of Rural Health 10, Nr. 2 (März 1994): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.1994.tb00220.x.

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Poirier, Abbey, Linda Dodds, Trevor Dummer, Daniel Rainham, Bryan Maguire und Markey Johnson. „Maternal Exposure to Air Pollution and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Halifax, Nova Scotia“. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 57, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2015): 1291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000000604.

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Langille, Donald B., Jean Hughes, Gail Tomblin Murphy und Janet A. Rigby. „Socio-economic Factors and Adolescent Sexual Activity and Behaviour in Nova Scotia“. Canadian Journal of Public Health 96, Nr. 4 (Juli 2005): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03405173.

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Williams, Patricia L., C. Shanthi Jacob Johnson, Christine P. Johnson, Barbara J. Anderson, Meredith L. V. Kratzmann und Cathy Chenhall. „Can Households Earning Minimum Wage in Nova Scotia Afford a Nutritious Diet?“ Canadian Journal of Public Health 97, Nr. 6 (November 2006): 430–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03405222.

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Lewis, Nathaniel M., Jacqueline C. Gahagan und Carlye Stein. „Preferences for rapid point-of-care HIV testing in Nova Scotia, Canada“. Sexual Health 10, Nr. 2 (2013): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh12100.

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Rapid point-of-care (POC) testing for HIV has been shown to increase the uptake of testing, rates of clients receiving test results, numbers of individuals aware of their status and timely access to care for those who test positive. In addition, several studies have shown that rapid POC testing for HIV is highly acceptable to clients in a variety of clinical and community-based health care settings. Most acceptability studies conducted in North America, however, have been conducted in large, urban environments where concentrations of HIV testing sites and testing innovations are greatest. Using a survey of client preferences at a sexual health clinic in Halifax, Nova Scotia, we suggest that HIV test seekers living in a region outside of Canada’s major urban HIV epicentres find rapid POC testing highly acceptable. We compare the results of the Halifax survey with existing acceptability studies of rapid POC HIV testing in North America and suggest ways in which it might be of particular benefit to testing clients and potential clients in Nova Scotia and other regions of Canada that currently have few opportunities for anonymous or rapid testing. Overall, we found that rapid POC HIV testing was highly desirable at this study site and may serve to overcome many of the challenges associated with HIV prevention and testing outside of well-resourced metropolitan environments.

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