Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Notes in German“
Um die anderen Arten von Veröffentlichungen zu diesem Thema anzuzeigen, folgen Sie diesem Link: Notes in German.
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-50 Zeitschriftenartikel für die Forschung zum Thema "Notes in German" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Zeitschriftenartikel für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
1
Hughes, David Ashley. „Notes on the German Theatre Crisis“. TDR/The Drama Review 51, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2007): 133–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram.2007.51.4.133.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The early 1990s, with the collapse of the German Democratic Republic and the reunification of Germany, resulted in the most radical shake-up of German theatre since 1933. German theatre remains in a state of crisis, haunted by constant threats of cutbacks and closures. What is this German “theatre crisis” from the macroeconomic, political, and social perspectives? How might it be mitigated?
2
Figueiredo, E., G. F. Smith und S. Dressler. „The botanical exploration of Angola by Germans during the 19th and 20th centuries, with biographical sketches and notes on collections and herbaria“. Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants 65, Nr. 2 (30.11.2020): 126–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2020.65.02.06.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
A catalogue of 29 German individuals who were active in the botanical exploration of Angola during the 19th and 20th centuries is presented. One of these is likely of Swiss nationality but with significant links to German settlers in Angola. The catalogue includes information on the places of collecting activity, dates on which locations were visited, the whereabouts of preserved exsiccata, maps with itineraries, and biographical information on the collectors. Initial botanical exploration in Angola by Germans was linked to efforts to establish and expand Germany's colonies in Africa. Later exploration followed after some Germans had settled in the country. However, Angola was never under German control. The most intense period of German collecting activity in this south-tropical African country took place from the early-1870s to 1900. Twenty-four Germans collected plant specimens in Angola for deposition in herbaria in continental Europe, mostly in Germany. Five other naturalists or explorers were active in Angola but collections have not been located under their names or were made by someone else. A further three collectors, who are sometimes cited as having collected material in Angola but did not do so, are also briefly discussed.
3
Martynenko, V. L. „RECRUITING GERMAN MIGRANTS FROM THE USSR TO THE GERMAN ARMED FORCES AT THE END OF WORLD WAR II“. Вестник Пермского университета. История, Nr. 3(50) (2020): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2020-3-89-99.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
German immigrants who were evacuated by the German authorities in 1943–1944 from the USSR to the territory of Warthegau, Silesia, General Government and Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, became part of the human resources actively used not only in the economy, but also in defensive measures of the Reich. Contrary to the fact that the mobilization of that potential contingent was relatively low, tens of thousands of men were in the ranks of the armed forces of Germany. A significant number of Soviet Germans were replenishment for the SS troops. The initial process of attracting German settlers to military service was not easy and required adherence to a number of formalities related to their naturalization. One of the key factors that also had an effect on solving the issue of ethnic Germans in the internal service was the long-standing contradiction between the Wehrmacht and the SS. The article notes that, in the last months of the war, immigrants from the USSR found themselves in practically no alternative situation, since the military and political leadership of Germany decided to mobilize all men appropriate for military service, regardless of the naturalization. By the end of hostilities in Europe, many Soviet Germans serving in the German army had been captured by the Western allies or the Red Army.
4
Shlegel, Elena A. „Dialects of the Germans of Russia and Kazakhstan“. Journal of Frontier Studies 8, Nr. 1 (06.02.2023): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.46539/jfs.v8i1.496.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The linguistic diversity of the Germans in Russia and Kazakhstan is due to the migration of ethnic groups to the territory of the Russian Empire from the lands of Germany and subsequent migrations within the country. Some ethnic Germans use the dialect in speech, for them it is their native language, the rest of the Germans speak literary German to varying degrees, and Russian is considered their native language. Today, it is impossible to uniquely identify one native language for an ethnic group, as Germans speak different dialects of German. The purpose of the study is to determine the states of the modern dialect language of the Germans of Russia and Kazakhstan, to consider how dialects were historically spread throughout the country, and how dialects are preserved now. The article considers the territorial distribution of dialects in Russia, primarily Siberia, where the majority of Germans live, as well as the circulation of German dialects in Kazakhstan after the deportation of Germans. The central part of the article is devoted to the modern state of dialects, which are preserved primarily in places of compact settlement of Germans. The article makes use of the results of ethno-sociological surveys of Germans in Russia and Kazakhstan on the issues of dialects, and analyzes contemporary methods of preserving and translating the language. Conclusions: dialects are preserved where Germans live compactly. The author notes that there are negative trends in the process of preserving dialects, but German public organizations today solve many problems concerning dialects.
5
Ювко, Єгор. „INFORMATION ON THE REPRESSIVE POLICY OF THE USSR AGAINST GERMAN PEASANT COLONISTS DURING THE HOLODOMOR 1932-1933 (FROM THE MATERIALS OF SECRET OBSERVATIONS OF THE ODPU BY EMPLOYEES OF THE GERMAN CONSULATES)“. КОНСЕНСУС, Nr. 4 (2022): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31110/consensus/2022-04/030-040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The article examines the repressive policy of the USSR in relation to national minorities during the Holodomor of 1932–1933, in particular the testimony about the consequences of collectivization and famine in German colonial villages, which ethnic Germans gave to employees of the German consulate in the USSR. The article analyzes archival materials, namely detailed notes of employees of the ODPU, who were engaged in secret surveillance of representatives of German consulates, as well as their own detailed notes of consulate workers. Considerable attention in the article is devoted to the establishment of the consequences of the policy of collectivization, which in the period of the late 1920s and early 1930s became one of the causes of the Holodomor, in particular, the state of agriculture of the colonist peasants in southern and central Ukraine was established precisely at the beginning of the famine and during its greatest spread. The article attempts to analyze archival sources that serve as documentary evidence of the genocide not only of the Ukrainian people, but also of national minorities living on the territory of the USSR. The article also attempts to determine the actions of the German consulate aimed at saving and easing the lives of ethnic Germans who suffered from collectivization and hunger. In particular, about the efforts of the consulates to organize the departure of colonist peasants to Germany. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that, for the first time, an attempt was made to summarize the materials of the archives regarding information on the situation of German colonies during the Holodomor of 1932–1933, which are an important source for the general study of the Holodomor as a policy that was directed not only against Ukrainians, but also against national minorities.
6
Davidson-Schmich, Louise K., Matthew Hines, Thomas Klikauer, Norman Simms, Jeffrey Luppes, Stephen Milder, Robert Nyenhuis und Randall Newnham. „Book Reviews“. German Politics and Society 39, Nr. 3 (01.09.2021): 111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2021.390306.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
John Kampfner, Why the Germans Do it Better: Notes from a Grown-Up Country (London: Atlantic Books, 2020).Karen Hagemann, Donna Harsch, and Friederike Brühöfener, eds., Gendering Post-1945 German History: Entanglements (New York: Berghahn Books, 2019).Daniel Marwecki, Germany and Israel: Whitewashing and Statebuilding (London: C. Hurst & Co., 2020).Robert Gellately, Hitler’s True Believers: How Ordinary People Became Nazis (New York: Oxford University Press, 2020).Thomas Fleischman, Communist Pigs: An Animal History of East Germany’s Rise and Fall (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2020).Joanne Miyang Cho, ed., Transnational Encounters between Germany and East Asia since 1900 (New York: Routledge, 2018).
7
Davidson-Schmich, Louise K., Matthew Hines, Thomas Klikauer, Norman Simms, Jeffrey Luppes, Stephen Milder, Robert Nyenhuis und Randall Newnham. „Book Reviews“. German Politics and Society 39, Nr. 3 (01.09.2021): 111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2021.390306.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
John Kampfner, Why the Germans Do it Better: Notes from a Grown-Up Country (London: Atlantic Books, 2020).Karen Hagemann, Donna Harsch, and Friederike Brühöfener, eds., Gendering Post-1945 German History: Entanglements (New York: Berghahn Books, 2019).Daniel Marwecki, Germany and Israel: Whitewashing and Statebuilding (London: C. Hurst & Co., 2020).Robert Gellately, Hitler’s True Believers: How Ordinary People Became Nazis (New York: Oxford University Press, 2020).Thomas Fleischman, Communist Pigs: An Animal History of East Germany’s Rise and Fall (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2020).Joanne Miyang Cho, ed., Transnational Encounters between Germany and East Asia since 1900 (New York: Routledge, 2018).
8
Gómez-Jeria, Juan Sebastián. „About Alfred Baeumler’s Nietzsche. 4. ‘Hellas and Germania’“. Journal of Advances in Education and Philosophy 7, Nr. 11 (19.11.2023): 486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/jaep.2023.v07i11.006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The article ‘Hellas and Germania’ by Alfred Baeumler explores the relationship between ancient Greece and modern Germany. Baeumler discusses Nietzsche's relationship with Winckelmann in his work on the conquest of German Hellenism. He notes that Nietzsche was deeply influenced by Winckelmann's insights into the Hellenic world and saw himself as continuing Winckelmann's work. Baeumler argues that Nietzsche believed that subsequent scholars had failed to fully appreciate the essence of the Hellenic spirit, and that he saw himself as carrying on Winckelmann's legacy in this regard. He also notes that Nietzsche believed that the Germans had a special affinity with the Hellenic world, and that he saw Winckelmann and Goethe as examples of this connection.
9
Abdullaev, E. V. „Russia invaded by Germans. Notes of an old soldier who is neither a Peer of France, nor a diplomat, nor a deputy“. Voprosy literatury, Nr. 3 (13.09.2022): 229–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31425/0042-8795-2022-3-229-267.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The ending. Continued from Voprosy Literatury (2022, 2).The publication features a commented translation (the ending) of the brochure La Russie Envahie par les Allemands, authored by Filipp Vigel (Weigel), a former member of the Arzamas Society. Printed anonymously, it became a sensation in Russia and Europe alike. Giving the formal reason of responding to A. de Custine’s La Russie en 1839, Vigel’s brochure served as the first manifesto and the first attempt at a historical-philosophical justification of the anti-German sentiment espoused by members of the Russian elite during the reign of Nicholas I. In his overview spanning the early epochs and the contemporary period, Vigel describes Russia’s whole history in terms of the gradual subjugation by Germans (in particular, Baltic Germans) and their growing representation among the ruling elite. The same viewpoint is applied to the analysis of Russian literature, especially Pushkin, who is depicted as an opponent and eventually a victim of the German party. In the conclusion of his work, Vigel shares his thoughts on contemporary Germany and Pan-Slavism.
10
Unger, Ulrich. „Hao Kü : Sinological Circular“. Early China 9, Nr. 1 (1985): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362502800006337.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Since April 1982, Professor Dr. Ulrich Unger (Ostasiatisches Seminar der Universitat Münster, 4400 Münster, Prinzipalmarkt 3811, West Germany) has been circulating a series of research notes in German under the title “Hao Ku : Sinologische Rundbriefe.” The following brief English abstracts have been prepared by Lisbeth Egerod Hubbard of the Department of Oriental Languages, University of California, Berkeley. Interested scholars may obtain copies of the German originals by writing Unger directly.
11
Shindel, S. V. „NATIONAL IDENTITY PHENOMENON REPRESENTED IN THE VOLGA GERMANS’ VISUAL COMMUNICATION“. Izvestiya of the Samara Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Social, Humanitarian, Medicobiological Sciences 25, Nr. 89 (2023): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/2413-9645-2023-25-89-100-110.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The article is devoted to the phenomenon of the Volga Germans’ national identity which is represented in the visual communication in the context of historical realities in the period of the end of the XIX and the beginning of the XX centuries. The symbolic space of preserved in Saratov Regional Local History Museum funds photos of propaganda posters, notes, streamers and labels’ patterns reflects not only the ethnical German traditional culture peculiarity but also marks famous historical events in the identified period. The comparative analysis of the elements and objects in the visual communication has led to the showing convergences both in their content and design. The semiotic method has revealed symbols and determined the semantics of the studied elements in the visual communication. The collected material has been divided into two groups, each of them having its clear explicit semantic load. The results obtained let us make virtual transfer into the ethnical German cultural space, set the geographical location and reconstruct some historical events typical of Russian Germans in the Volga Region. Preserved to this day not only the elements but also the objects of the visual communication are of historical value, fix ethnical German flavor, give an idea of the formation and representation of the Volga Germans’ identity. Preservation of the authenticity as well as biological survival was of the utter importance for the Russian Germans: the first settlers developed the wasteland in the adverse climate conditions, lived isolated, their dialects were the main means of communication; the Volga Germans equated themselves with the ethnical Germans inhabited their historical motherland – Germany. The concept idea of order typical of German ethnical culture ontologically with its value guidelines, traditions and customs is relevant in the present research.
12
Herbe, Sarah. „Review of Mapping the 'I'“. European Journal of Life Writing 4 (15.12.2015): R27—R30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5463/ejlw.4.170.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The volume Mapping the ‘I’: Research on Self-Narratives in Germany and Switzerland deserves attention in a journal on European Life Writing: it makes results of research projects, book projects, articles originally published in German (and in one case, Italian) as well as MA and PhD theses conducted in Switzerland and Germany accessible to a wider, non-German speaking academic community. The essays, all of them written by historians, cover a wide field of self-narratives written in Germany and Switzerland (though not necessarily in German), with a temporal range from the late Middle Ages to the late nineteenth century. They address such diverse genres as the family book, courtly correspondence or suicide notes. This article was submitted to the European Journal of Life Writing on 2 September 2015 and published on 15 December 2015.
13
Zhdanov, Sergey S. „“On the Beaten Path of Russian Tourists”: Representation of the Germany Space in “Parisian Letters with Notes About Denmark, Germany, Holland and Belgium” by N. I. Gretsch“. Two centuries of the Russian classics 4, Nr. 2 (2022): 42–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2686-7494-2022-4-2-42-63.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The paper deals with German spatial images represented in the travelogue “Parisian Letters with Notes about Denmark, Germany, Holland and Belgium” by N. I. Gretsch in connection with the tradition of describing Germany in Russian literature of the 19th century. Several types of spaces are determined in the text by Gretsch. One of them is formed by deminatural and home idyllic loci for which the motives of orderliness, coziness, cleanness, lightness, domesticity, plentifulness, visual appeal are typical. There is a connection of this spatial kind with the sentimental world-image of Germany in Russian literature represented in its ‘wasted’ variant having no expression. Urban German loci are also marked with the motif of orderliness connected with the space not of the idyll but of the modern rational civilization. Prussia is determined as the main center of ordering the German space and contrasted with several conflicted liminal places bordering France and Denmark. Describing regulated non-idyllic, liminal as well as historical loci of Germany tends to the neutral factual world-image. Finally, there are some elements of the travestycomical German narrative mode in the text by Gretsch, they basically deal with representing the German philistine space.
14
Bauer, Lukas, und Konrad Lachmayer. „Networks in Public Law: Notes on the 47thMeeting (2007) of German-Speaking Public Law Assistants in Berlin“. German Law Journal 8, Nr. 11 (01.11.2007): 1069–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200006180.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Every year, the public law research assistants from all universities in Germany, Austria and Switzerland meet for a conference. This year's meeting of German-speaking public law assistants was the 47thmeeting of its kind. For the first time since 1983, and for the first time since German reunification, the meeting took place in Berlin. The meeting was organised by and held at both universities in Berlin – theFreie UniversitätandHumboldt Universität.About 250 Public Law assistants from Germany, Switzerland and Austria attended to discuss various aspects of the general topic: Networks.
15
HOSAKA, YASUHITO. „NOTES ON FUNCTIONAL CATEGORIES IN GERMAN“. ENGLISH LINGUISTICS 26, Nr. 2 (2009): 460–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.9793/elsj.26.2_460.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
16
Ростиславлева, Н. В. „Reflections on the history of Germany V.I. Guerrier: A Researcher’s motivation“. Диалог со временем, Nr. 78(78) (24.04.2022): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2022.78.78.006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
В статье рассматриваются особенности восприятия истории Германии выдающимся российским историком конца ХIX – начала XX в. В.И. Герье. Охарактеризованы ракурсы его рецепции в современной России и отмечены существующие лакуны, одна из которых – его роль в становлении отечественной исторической германистики. В.И. Герье, будучи по происхождению немцем, имел довольно устойчивые связи с немецкой общиной Москвы, что подтверждают документы НИОР РГБ. Его интерес к истории Германии определили и стажировки в немецких университетах.Неслучайно его диссертация была посвящена Лейбницу, в которой обнаруживаются прекрасные зарисовки по истории Германии и проявляется интерес ученого к религиозному вопросу. В статье много внимания уделено анализу неопубликованных лекций В.И. Герье по истории Реформации, конспектам лекций о древних германцах и становлении Священной римской империи. История Германии нашла отражение в частично неопубликованных публичных лекциях ученого по истории культурных идей. В целом свои размышления о Германии историк вписывал в общей контекст Новой истории, стремясь показать, как были разрушены основания средневековой жизни, какие тенденции возобладали в научном и политическом дискурсах Нового времени и какую роль в этом сыграла Германия. The article considers the peculiarities of the perception of the German history by the outstanding Russian historian of the late 19th - early 20th centuries V.I. Guerrier. The perspectives of its reception in modern Russia are characterized and the existing gaps are noted, one of which is its role in the formation of Russian historical Germanic studies. V.I. Guerrier, being a German by birth, had fairly stable ties with the German community of Moscow, which is confirmed by the documents from the Research Department of Manuscripts of the RSL. His interest in German history was also determined by internships at German universities. This is no coincidence that his dissertation was devoted to Leibniz, which reveals excellent sketches on the history of Germany and shows the scientist's interest in the religious problem. The Author gives one’s attention to the analysis of the unpublished lectures of V.I. Guerrier on the history of the Reformation, lecture notes on the ancient Germans and the formation of the Holy Roman Empire. The history of Germany is reflected in the partially unpublished lectures on the history of cultural ideas. In general, the historian introduced his reflections on Germany into the general context of World history, trying to show how the foundations of medieval life were destroyed, what tendencies prevailed in research and political discourses of the new history, and what role Germany played in it.
17
Shcherbakov, V. Yu. „Forced “Union”? Russia in the Politics of the “Alternative For Germany” Party“. IZVESTIYA VUZOV SEVERO-KAVKAZSKII REGION SOCIAL SCIENCE, Nr. 3 (207) (19.10.2020): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2687-0770-2020-3-78-83.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The article deals with the relationship of the “Alternative for Germany” (AfD) party to the Russian Federation. The article notes that the independent foreign policy of Russia, its active opposition to the Imperial policy of the United States appeals to some of the German electorate, this is used by the AfD in its own interests. The young party, which is justifiably called a right-wing populist party, despite serious success in elections at various levels, including in the Bundestag, does not have influential political allies in the country. Therefore, it has no real opportunities to exert a significant influence on German politics. In the context of the harsh anti-Russian policy of Western countries, the AfD is trying to occupy a niche as a foreign policy “partner” of Russia and thereby attract voters who are sympathetic to our country. For example, this applies to numerous “Russian Germans”. We should also mention the desire of the Russian Federation to use AfD to promote its own interests, including projects such as Nord stream - 2. The author notes that most likely, if relations between Bonn and Moscow improve or if the AfD's domestic political influence increases, the problem of Russia's rapprochement with the AfD will lose its relevance.
18
TROPIA, Anna. „From Paris to Gotha: The Circulation of Two Parisian Jesuit Courses between the 16th and the 17th century“. Mediterranea. International Journal on the Transfer of Knowledge 4 (31.03.2019): 75–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/mijtk.v4i0.11470.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This article traces back the history of a collection of manuscript academic course-notes taken by a German student at the end of the sixteenth century and today preserved at the Research Library of Gotha (Thuringien, Germany). It focuses, in particular, on two of them, which transmit texts dictated in Paris: they testify to the large circulation of academic doctrines through the practice of the copy of the course-notes by students.
19
Smith-Prei, Carrie. „Notes on Opening Access to German Studies“. Seminar: A Journal of Germanic Studies 49, Nr. 1 (Februar 2013): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/sem.49.1.15.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
20
Norsworthy, Scott. „Melville's Notes from Thomas Roscoe'sThe German Novelists“. Leviathan 10, Nr. 3 (Oktober 2008): 7–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-1849.2008.01309.x.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
21
Martynov, Andrii. „GERMAN PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY AFTER 2021 ELECTION“. European Historical Studies, Nr. 20 (2021): 105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2021.20.7.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The article examines the impact of the 2021 parliamentary elections on German parliamentary democracy. The pandemic and climate change have affected the mood of German voters. The peculiarities of the activity of German parliamentary parties during the election campaign are analyzed. German voters have demonstrated the ability to make rational political decisions. This made it possible to renew the composition of the Bundestag and preserve the professionalism of the deputies. The «Christian Democrats» believed that Germany should become a climate-neutral industrial state. Following the election, the «Christian Democrats» showed the worst result. The Bavarian «Christian Social Union» maintained its political position. The winners of the election, the «Social Democrats», conducted an ideal election campaign. The «Green Party» ran an optimistic election campaign. Opponents have accused the Greens of failing to combine climate protection with economic growth. The opposition Left Party promoted climate-friendly socialism. In the new Bundestag, the left is represented by a victory in two majority districts. The «Alternative for Germany» party ran a passive election campaign. It is the only party to support Germany’s withdrawal from the European Union. All parliamentary parties campaigned against «Alternatives for Germany». The «Free Democratic Party» conducted an active and optimistic election campaign. Following the election, the «Social Democrats», the «Green Party» and the «Free Democrats» formed a «social-liberal green coalition», Chancellor Olaf Scholz promised to ensure the heredity of the development of a social market economy. The innovation concerned the intentions of the «Green Party» to create a climate-neutral German economy. The article notes that the new ruling German coalition opens up positive opportunities for the development of Ukrainian-German relations. Maintaining the political balance in Germany maintains stability in the European Union.
22
Hare, Michael. „Cnut and Lotharingia: two notes“. Anglo-Saxon England 29 (Januar 2000): 261–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675100002489.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Recent research has focused attention on the ‘Lotharingian connection’, that is to say the close links between the English and German churches in the middle of the eleventh century. Its best known manifestation is the presence of a significant number of German (mainly Lotharingian) clerics at the English royal court. This phenomenon seems to have its origin in the reign of Cnut (1016–35), and the purpose of this paper is to shed light on two aspects of Cnut's contacts with Lotharingia. First, an explanation is advanced for Cnut's baptismal name, Lambert. Secondly, attention is drawn to a hagiographical source which provides evidence for a visit by Cnut to Cologne.
23
Koshar, Rudy J. „Playing the Cerebral Savage: Notes on Writing German History before the Linguistic Turn“. Central European History 22, Nr. 3-4 (September 1989): 343–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900020525.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
I want to begin by suggesting that to speak of a linguistic turn in the writing of modern German history is premature. It may be true that intellectual history on both sides of the Atlantic has taken “the” linguistic turn, in the sense that, more than ever before, much current research involves “a focused concern on the ways meaning is constituted in and through language.” The formal properties, degree of sophistication, and utility for historians of these studies vary greatly. They encompass by now almost classical poststructuralist perspectives, methodologically more conservative discussions of cultural representation, and the influential works of Quentin Skinner and J.G.A. Pocock. Yet history writing on twentieth-century Germany, considered broadly, stands very much before rather than after a linguistic turn, if there will be a turn at all. Scholars of modern German cultural, social, or political history who engage current debates on language and rhetoric in truly innovative ways are the exception rather than the rule. Moreover, considerations of a linguistic turn in modern German history take place at a time when some historians criticize poststructuralist thought more forcefully than ever before.4 This makes for an interesting confluence of tensions, especially when one considers that disciplines such as literary criticism and anthropology have turned anew to the study of history.
24
Trunov, Philipp. „The key directions of German-Dutch and German-French cooperation in defence strengthening“. Urgent Problems of Europe, Nr. 4 (2020): 203–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2020.04.09.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Since the former Cold War, the Federal Republic of Germany has had the closest, the most full-scale and different in the spectrum of tracks relations in the sphere of common strengthening of the defence capabilities with the continental Western European countries. First, these ones are France and the Netherlands. The article tries to explore German relations with these two countries in the military sphere during the modern period. The key research methods are event-analysis and comparative analysis. The paper covers the experience of the creation of the first bilateral and multilateral military groups of NATO member states` armed forces which consist of staffs and military forces of the mixed troop system. The article notes that first military groups of this kind were created on the territory of the united Germany and examines the reasons of this tendency. Special attention is paid to the development of German-Dutch Corpspotential. This one, the 1 st tank division and the division of rapid reaction forces (each of those divisions has one Dutch brigade) of the Bundeswehr are explored as military mechanisms of deep integration between the two countries. The article also identifies the features of military-technical German-Dutch cooperation, including their common efforts in the frames of Permanent Structured Cooperation platform. The article compares the scales and quality of German-Dutch and German-French cooperation. In this regard the paper rises the question about real military importance of German-French brigade and cooperation between two countries in military-technical field, including the creation of robotized technics. The paper shows the limits of German-French cooperation potential until the early 2020's.
25
Ghouse, Nida. „Lotus Notes“. ARTMargins 5, Nr. 3 (Oktober 2016): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00159.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Lotus was a tri-lingual quarterly brought out by the Afro-Asian Writers' Association. Initially titled Afro-Asian Writings, its inaugural edition was launched from Cairo in March 1968, in Arabic and English, followed by the French. By 1971, the trilingual quarterly acquired the name Lotus. Egypt, the Soviet Union, and the German Democratic Republic funded its production. The Arabic edition was printed in Cairo, and the English and French editions were printed in the German Democratic Republic. The Afro-Asian Writers' Association (AAWA) and its over-arching affiliate, the Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organization (AAPSO), both had headquarters in Cairo. In 1978, President Anwar Sadat signed the Camp David Accords and the Permanent Bureau in Cairo was deactivated. Lotus moved to Beirut despite the raging Civil War, where it was was granted home and hospitality by the Union of Palestinian Writers. Its offices remained there until the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982 when it once again relocated along with the Palestinian Liberation Organization to Tunis. The journal was discontinued in the late 1980s or early 1990s with the dismantling of the Soviet Union. The Permanent Bureau in Cairo was reinstated, but the journal was not as such reactivated. The project outlines a partial biography of a forgotten magazine from a bipolar world and its interrupted historical networks. It considers graphic and textual elements from the margins of the magazine for evidence of its trajectory.
26
Kalberg, Stephen. „West German and American Interaction Forms: One Level of Structured Misunderstanding“. Theory, Culture & Society 4, Nr. 4 (November 1987): 603–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026327687004004002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Forms of interaction are seldom addressed in comparative perspective. This investigation based on field notes and interviews examines the manner in which a series of American and West German patterns of interpersonal relations diverge. The insider/outsider, public/private, Freundschaft/friendship dichotomies, as well as modes of speaking and group dynamics, are discussed. A series of regular and structured misunderstandings may result when Americans and West Germans come into contact.
27
Blood, Rosalind. „“When you speak to a police officer and (call them) du”“. Study Abroad Research in Second Language Acquisition and International Education 3, Nr. 1 (30.03.2018): 117–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sar.17004.blo.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract This study examines the development of pragmatic awareness of the German second person pronoun system by Australian study-abroad participants during a six-week language course in Germany. Data includes oral pre- and post- Language Awareness Interviews, semi-structured interviews and participant observation. Students displayed a greater awareness of the German address system and showed a growing confidence and sophistication in justifying their choices of address forms as well as an increased reliance on information acquired from native and expert speakers throughout their stay in Germany. Interview data and field notes indicate that students were socialised into second language (L2) practices of address term use by way of explicit correction from L2 speech community members on incorrect use of address forms. Such correction appears to have influenced their pragmatic development. The study supports previous research stating that even short stays abroad can encourage improvement in language features that are difficult to acquire in the classroom (Hassall, 2013) and shows why this is particularly beneficial in the context of German Studies due to the preference for direct and explicit speech in the German speech community.
28
Rebrina, L. N. „Representation of Current Sociocultural Realities in German Society: Thematic Group of Internet Memes OUTSIDER — LOCAL“. Nauchnyi dialog 12, Nr. 5 (28.06.2023): 192–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-5-192-214.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This article presents an analysis of internet memes in Germany from 2020—2023, focusing on the thematic group “Outsider — Local”. The study examines various characteristics of these memes, such as their place and date of posting, “genetics”, precedent phenomenon, addressing, field structure, object and subject of criticism, interaction of visual and verbal series, patterns of meaning generation, sources of humor, and genre. The article identifies four subgroups of memes, which include criticism of political subjects (in defense of migrants), criticism of political subjects (against migrants), criticism of migrants, and criticism of local ethnic Germans. The study finds that social groups themselves, such as migrants and typical Germans, are the most frequently criticized objects. Additionally, the authorities are criticized for their insufficient or excessive support of migrants, while typical Germans are criticized for their cultural standards. The most frequent subjects of criticism for migrants include their large numbers, low integration into German society, criminal tendencies, pretentiousness, and disrespect for other cultures. The article notes that intercultural memes are infrequent, while borrowed memes that refer to recognizable characters and contemporary precedent phenomena with broad addressing dominate. Finally, the dominant genre varieties are macros and edvices.
29
Lester, David, und Margaret Linn. „Sex Differences in Suicide Notes“. Psychological Reports 80, Nr. 3_suppl (Juni 1997): 1302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.80.3c.1302.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
30
Tsedrik, Lidiia N. „MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF TRAVEL NOTES AS A TEXT TYPE (BASED ON GERMAN TEXTS)“. Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem 15, Nr. 1 (31.03.2023): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2023-15-1-28-36.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The article presents travel notes in German and their linguistic and stylistic features within the context of a typological analysis based on the approach of the German textological school which studies the diversity of text types.
The purpose of the study is to determine the main features of travel notes as a text type.
Research material: travel notes in German published in the press, as well as posted on Internet portals. As part of the study methods of comparative and descriptive analysis were used, which included classification, interpretation, and generalization. The study also involves elements of etymological, definitional, component and contextual analysis.
Results. The texts of travel notes perform both informative and appellative functions, which make it possible to define travel notes as the transitional type of texts. Despite the relative freedom that the author has in creating texts, travel notes still have a certain structure. The definition of the main characteristics of travel notes as a type of text allows us to conclude that they are a specific phenomenon that combines not only various speech components, but also other types of texts.
Practical implications. The theoretical significance lies in the study and description of travel notes as a text type, analysis of their characteristics and linguistic and stylistic features. The research material can be used for further study of this type of text. The data obtained can be used in theoretical courses and seminars on lexicology and stylistics when teaching the German language.
31
Anil, Merih. „The new German citizenship law and its impact on German demographics: research notes“. Population Research and Policy Review 25, Nr. 5-6 (26.01.2007): 443–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11113-006-9013-6.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
32
Lester, David, und Nikolaus Heim. „Sex Differences in Suicide Notes“. Perceptual and Motor Skills 75, Nr. 2 (Oktober 1992): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.75.2.582.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Suicide notes written by German men and women ( ns = 20) were found to be quite similar in content except for a tendency for the men to mention specific precipitating events more often than did the women.
33
Breuer, Marten. „Law and Medicine: Notes on the Meeting of German-Speaking Public Law Assistants in Vienna (2006)“. German Law Journal 7, Nr. 4 (01.04.2006): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200004776.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Meetings of German-speaking Public Law assistants have, as was explained in Daniel Thym's report on the Bielefeld meeting in 2005, been a long-standing tradition. Therefore, it is not surprising that the Austrian capital has already seen four meetings of this kind, in 1970, 1981, 1994 and now in 2006. More than 150 Public Law assistants from Germany, Switzerland and (needless to say) Austria convened from 21 to 24 February in order to discuss the implications of the general topic “Law and Medicine”. In accordance with the European idea, the circle of participants was not restricted to assistants coming from those three countries but the organizers had successfully encouraged German-speaking assistants from other EU countries to make contributions. Indeed, European law, in terms of contents, also played a major role.
34
Prytoliuk, Svitlana. „CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE NOTION “MAGICAL REALISM” IN GERMAN LITERATURE“. Research Bulletin Series Philological Sciences 1, Nr. 193 (April 2021): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2522-4077-2021-1-193-252-259.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The article is devoted to the study of magical realism in German literary criticism, the origins of the term and its conceptual principles are considered. The author of the article relies on the research of German scientists, in particular M. Scheffel, D. Kirchner, H. Roland, T.W. Leine, M. Niehaus, J. Schuster and notes the differences and contradictions in the interpretation of the term, the vagueness of the concept and its heterogeneity. It is emphasized that the period of formation of the magic-realistic method of writing in Germany in the historical perspective generally covers the period from 1920 to 1960 and includes the beginning of the era of National Socialism and the Second World War. In German literature, the term was not immediately established, its assertion and dissemination were hampered by several factors: first, its contradiction, because it combines semantically opposite concepts – “realism”, which directly correlates with reality, the true image of reality, and “magical”, based on the supernatural, fantastic, reaching beyond reality; second, the moment of its origin falls on a rather complex and contradictory period of German history, which is reluctantly mentioned or silenced; third, magical realism has sometimes been mistakenly identified with the notion of “Neue Sachlichkeit”. Analysis of all factors shows that the origin and formation of the magic-realistic method in German literature has its own characteristics and uniqueness and differs from the world-famous examples of Latin American or English literature. As a result, the author notes that German magical realism is historically determined and in many of its examples reflects the traumatic postwar experience with a pronounced inrospectivity and humanistic orientation. As an aesthetic concept, magical realism expands the boundaries of realism: by depicting the objective world in its real dimensions, it focuses its gaze on the unreality hidden behind real objects.
35
Guicking, Dieter. „Erwin Meyer – A Great German Acoustician. Biographical Notes“. Acta Acustica united with Acustica 99, Nr. 5 (01.09.2013): 816–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/aaa.918659.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
36
GOTOVTSEVA, A. A. „CHRISTA WOLF'S MOSCOW INSPIRATION“. Language and Intercultural Communication XIII, Nr. XIII (2020): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21672/2078-9858-2020.10.07-026-032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This article deals with the attitude of the German writer Christa Wolf to Russia and the Russian people, expressed in her work "Moscow diaries. Who we are and where we come from." Russia occupied a special place in the heart of the German writer. She quite objectively valued our country, noticed not only advantages, but also disadvantages. Notes of her trips to Russia allow us to see how our country has changed over the past thirty years. This work provides an opportunity for both Germans and Russians to look at Russia from a different perspective, to appreciate the cultural heritage, literature, openness and sincerity of the Russian soul, as well as the political situation.
37
Lefèvre, Sylvie. „La politique industrielle des Soviétiques dans leur zone d’occupation en Allemagne vue par les services français à Berlin (1945-1949)“. Revue d’Allemagne et des pays de langue allemande 32, Nr. 1 (2000): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/reval.2000.5573.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The industrial policy carried out by the Soviets in their occupation zone in Germany between 1945 and 1949 particularly drew the attention of the economic departments of the French military Government in Berlin. Despite the contradictory nature of the information received, their numerous dispatches and notes, often unpublished, attempted to analyse the different aspects : the administrative and political planning structures, the evolution of methods from the dismantlings to the complete reorganization of German industry. If the French observers understood perfectly certain contradictions of the Soviet’s industrial policy (notably concerning reparations), it is difficult to make a critique of this French view of things, for recent historical research published from East German and Russian archives is still fragmentary.
38
Bitkova, T. G. „Germany and Romania: historical, political and economic aspects of interaction“. Urgent Problems of Europe, Nr. 2 (2022): 235–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2022.02.13.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Political and economic aspects of relations between Romania and Germany in the XXI century considered in the context of historical retrospective, including from the perspective of the dramatic events of the XX century. Brief information about the history of the emergence of the German community on the territory of Romania, its important role in the cultural and economic development of the regions of residence is presented. The latter contributes to the creation of a special atmosphere of today’s bilateral contacts, behind which is the policy of the Federal Republic of Germany to keep the German community in its current place of residence, which creates an additional incentive for trade and investment of German capital in Romania. A brief overview of cultural and humanitarian programs of the FRG, designed to promote not only the rallying of the German ethnic minority, but also the promotion of German culture in Romania, is given. Data are provided on the number and position of the vast community of Romanian labor migrants in Germany. The article notes that political contacts between countries are not limited to the EU and NATO, but are also developing on a bilateral basis. Particular attention is paid to the difference in the foreign policy approaches of the two countries on a number of issues. The causes and circumstances of the lack of complete mutual understanding are identified, among which pro-Americanism and the anti-Russian orientation of Romania’s foreign policy stand out, clearly manifested in connection with the problem of putting the Nord Stream-2 into operation. At the same time, attention is drawn to the strengthening of bilateral military cooperation in recent years within the framework of PESCO. The conclusion is made about the ambiguous nature of the Romanian-German relations against the background of the interest of the FRG in expanding its presence in Romania.
39
Söllinger, Paul. „„Noten zeigen einem, wie man das spielen kann...“ Welche Bedeutung hat musikalische Notation für Grundschulkinder? .“ Paedagogia Musica 2, Nr. 2 (2022): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/zcu.musica.2022.02.26-40.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
While the German elementary school curriculum expects teachers to focus on practical elements of music like singing, dancing or playing an instrument, the study and knowledge of musical notation does not get much attention. But still, notes are generally important for preserving a musical idea and the knowledge about notes will be important for receiving a good grade in music lessons in secondary school. So on what basics could a future imple- mentation of the teaching of musical notation could be built on? This study examines the pertinence German elementary school students attribute to musical notes. For that purpose, 14 children were interviewed and asked about what they know about notes, where they en- counter notes, how they perceive notes and how important notes are for them. As a result of the study, seven theses are postulated of which one is that the interviewed children do want to learn how to read notes, indeed.
40
Trunov, Philipp. „German cooperation with the EU and NATO member states in defence strengthening: Northern and Central European dimensions“. Urgent Problems of Europe, Nr. 4 (2020): 170–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2020.04.08.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The key basis of German foreign policy is positioning itself as an integral part of Euro-Atlantic community. At the beginning of the 2020-s Germany faces a growing number of obstacles at the national (internal policy), regional but also global levels on the path to become the supreme world power. That is why the more active and full-scale participation of the European NATO and EU member states in joint strengthening of defense capabilities is coming to the fore. The goal of the article is to explore the dynamics and intermediate results of German efforts in this field. Attention is paid not only to general, but also to sugregional and bilateral links of German cooperation with partners in military sphere. The article highlights the features of German participation in the launching and development of potential of Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) platform. The paper notes that the number of functional PESCO projects with German participation is more than technical-technological ones. The author faces the fact that the number of new projects initiated by or with the participation of Germany since 2019 has become less than in 2017–2018 but at the same time the general tendency of their development is different. Outside PESCO Berlin pays permanent attention to the strengthening of defense capabilities on bilateral and trilateral bases. The cases of Norway and PESCO demonstrate that Germany is interested in the creation of common military-logistic hubs network in Europe and the growing of armed forces` mobility. This is important for Germany, because its armed forces have been reduced since 1990-s until the 2010-s. The prospects of Berlin`s cooperation with Scandinavian states and Germanspeaking Austria and Switzerland in the military field are also highlighted in the article.
41
Малинов, А. В. „Slavophil Mirrors (V.I. Lamansky's Criticism of the Perception of Russia and Slavism in German Science)“. Диалог со временем, Nr. 80(80) (05.12.2022): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2022.80.80.003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
В статье рассматриваются взгляды крупнейшего отечественного слависта академика Владимира Ивановича Ламанского на немецкую науку. Ламанский относил себя к славянофильскому направлению в русской философии, был создателем учения о трех цивилизационных мирах, для него было характерно антагонистическое восприятие европейской культуры. Определение греко-славянского мира, частью которого является Россия, он дает через противопоставление романо-германскому миру или Европе. Показано формирование негативного образа европейской (немецкой) науки у Ламанского: от непосредственного знакомства с Германией во время научных командировок до несогласия с распространенной в Германии точкой зрения на Россию и славянство. Указаны основные моменты критики Ламанским немецких ученых: опровержение сравнения славян с женщинами, неграми, кельтами, рассуждения о ту-ранстве русских, признание славян низшей расой и т.п. Делается вывод, что отрицательное отношение Ламанского к немецкой науке было вызвано политизацией славянского вопроса, стремлением немецких ученых обосновать неизбежность подчинения славян немцам, отказ славянам в возможности создать самобытную культуру. The article examines the views of the largest Russian Slavist academician Vladimir Ivanovich Lamansky on German science. Notes that Lamanskii regarded himself a Slavophile trend in Russian philosophy, was the founder of the doctrine of the three worlds of civilization for which was typical of antagonistic perceptions of European culture. The definition of the Greco-Slavic world, of which Russia is a part, is given by him through opposition to the Romano-Germanic world or Europe. The formation of a negative image of European (German) science in Lamansky is shown: from direct acquaintance with Germany to disagreement with the point of view on Russia and the Slavs that is widespread in Germany. The main points of his criticism of German scientists are indicated: refutation of the comparison of the Slavs with women, Negroes, Celts, reasoning of the Russians' outrageousness, recognition of the Slavs as a lower race, etc. Substantiate the inevitability of the subordination of the Slavs to the Germans, the refusal of the Slavs to create an original culture.
42
MCKENZIE-MCHARG, ANDREW. „HOW TO SABOTAGE A SECRET SOCIETY: THE DEMISE OF CARL FRIEDRICH BAHRDT'S GERMAN UNION IN 1789“. Historical Journal 61, Nr. 2 (10.08.2017): 379–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x17000012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
AbstractIn 1789 in Leipzig, a slim pamphlet of 128 pages appeared that sent shock waves through the German republic of letters. The pamphlet, bearing the title Mehr Noten als Text (More notes than text), was an ‘exposure’ whose most sensational element was a list naming numerous members of the North German intelligentsia as initiates of a secret society. This secret society, known as the German Union, aimed to push back against anti-Enlightenment tendencies most obviously manifest in the policies promulgated under the new Prussian king Frederick William II. The German Union was the brainchild of the notorious theologian Carl Friedrich Bahrdt (1741–92). But who was responsible for the ‘exposure’? Using material culled from several archives, this article pieces together for the first time the back story to Mehr Noten als Text and in doing so uncovers a surprisingly heterogeneous network of Freemasons, publishers, and state officials. The findings prompt us to reconsider general questions about the relationship of state and society in the late Enlightenment, the interplay of the public and the arcane spheres and the status of religious heterodoxy at this time.
43
Squires, Catherine R. „German Incunabula Herbals from the Russian State Library: Towards Popular Literature“. Tekst. Kniga. Knigoizdanie, Nr. 26 (2021): 60–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/23062061/26/4.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Early printed herbals have a special place in the 15th-century book production as they were popular both with academics, including medical scientists and pharmacists, and with the common reader. The popular response to the mass production of herbal books made possible by the invention of printing left textual and linguistic evidence in the form of handwritten marginal notes. In the present study, six copies of illustrated herbals printed in Mainz by Peter Schoeffer in 1484 and 1485 are compared as to the subject, language and function of the marginal notes found in them. Five of these books are from the Rare Books Department of the Russian State (former Lenin) Library, the sixth copy from the Moscow University Library is used to enable better comparison. The analysis has shown that the types of marginal notes vary significantly depending on the owners’ social status, interest, background, and on the time and region. Marginal notes in Latin or Greek are considered from the point of view of their thematic (content) and chronological (dating) characteristics. As the result of many centuries of natural science, herbals were an important source of professional knowledge for academics, including medical scientists and pharmacists, of the time. Thematically, linguistically and paleographically, marginal notes of this type can be ascribed to professionals or students of natural sciences. Notes made considerably later than the incunabula era can in fact only be explained by an academic interest on the part of the reader (some notes date after 1700). Marginal notes made in German and, judging by the handwriting, dating closer to 1500 reflect work of common medical practitioners or even of lay readers, who used their herbals to cope with practical problems of their everyday life. These German marginal notes are of high interest as a source for German language history, as they contain synonymous names of plants, additional to those used in the printed text. The analysis of their form, dialect, and distribution proves that they offer valuable lexical material (regional names) in the semantic field usually scarcely documented in medieval literary texts. Those descriptions, which are indicative of region or dialect, show a distinct Southern German origin of their authors.
44
Linn, Marge, und David Lester. „Content Differences in Suicide Notes by Gender and Age: Serendipitous Findings“. Psychological Reports 78, Nr. 2 (April 1996): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.78.2.370.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
45
Bärsch, Sven-Eric. „Case Law Notes: Landmark Transfer Pricing Case on Applying the Arms Length Principle to Shareholder Loans in Germany“. Intertax 47, Issue 12 (01.12.2019): 1108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2019113.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This article examines the Federal Tax Court’s landmark decision of 27 February 2019 on the application of the arm’s length principle under German tax law. The Federal Tax Court reaffirmed that the mere absence of security/collateral does not justify re-characterizing a shareholder loan into equity. More importantly, the court held that German transfer pricing rules permit not only an adjustment of the price of a controlled transaction for the purpose of determining a taxpayer's income but allows, beforehand, the alteration of other terms or conditions that were made between the related parties, replacing actual conditions by arm’s length conditions. More specifically to the disputed case of an unsecured shareholder loan, an arm’s length loan must now be determined on the rebuttable presumption that the loan is deemed to be secured, even if no security has actually been provided or, presumably, the interest rate includes a risk premium. Arguably, the court denied the significance of implicit group support as a general rule. All this could further expand the reach of transfer pricing adjustments in Germany. In audit practice, it is expected that other terms and conditions of controlled transactions – apart from the price – will be now increasingly scrutinized in German tax audits.
46
Naiditch, Larisa E., und Ekaterina A. Libert. „Notes on the Dialects of the Crimean Mennonite Settlements (Based on the V. M. Zhirmunsky’s Archives)“. Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 19, Nr. 2 (2020): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-2-26-39.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Mennonite Germans were among the many ethnic groups that inhabited the Crimean peninsula since the end of the 18th century until the 1940s. A special way of life, faith and language significantly distinguished them from other German immigrants. The dialect spoken by the Mennonites and called Plautdietsch (Plotditch) is a type of Low German, close to Low Prussian. During this period, two dialects were formed, which are still preserved in Mennonites communities in Siberia, in the Altai region, etc. – the dialects of Khortitsa and of Molotchna. The dialect contamination took place in new, mixed settlements, in the so-called daughter colonies. The major contribution towards studying the folklore and the language of the German colonies of the Southern regions of the USSR was made in 1920s by V. M. Zhirmunsky, a major Russian scholar, philologist, Germanist, folklorist, along with his students and assistants. The collection of the material and its linguistic description were stopped in the 1930s due to repressions against Russian Germans, as well as the researchers of their culture. The collected data were preserved in Zhirmunsky’s archive in the Sciences Academy Archive in Saint-Petersburg. The linguistic processing of these data is today an important task of Germanistics. The aforementioned archive, which is of great academic value, offers rich data on dialectology, as well as language variation and change, and will allow scholars to understand synchronic and diachronic processes in the corresponding dialects. Of particular interest are the dialectological questionnaires in Zhirmunsky’s archive, some of which were completed in the Mennonite language (dialect) Plautdietsch. Our study deals with linguistic analysis of such questionnaires. Special attention is paid by us to several phonological phenomena in Plautdietsch: palatal consonants, palatalization of long /u:/, the development of /a/ in closed syllable. The processing of the questionnaire data provides a basis for their possible comparison with the current state of affairs in the modern language, primarily in the Siberian Plautdietsch.
47
Kessler, Mario. „The Soviet Style of Power in Eastern Germany: Some Notes On the See1“. Russian History 29, Nr. 2-4 (2002): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633102x00054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
AbstractThe German Democratic Republic (GDR) was "democratic" only in the very specific, Soviet-communist interpretation of that term: So-called "democratic centralism" was in reality more centralist than democratic, a dictatorship from above rather than government consent from below. "But to recognize that the GDR was a dictatorship is not to say very much about the specific character of this dictatorship," as Mary Fulbrook wrote.2 "The focus on repression is not actually very revealing. It does not tell us very much about degrees of political compliance, or acquiescence in their own domination, to be found among the East German population."3 In this essay two methods of rule will be analyzed and the question raised: Can one draw conclusions about the logic of the Soviet style of power in Eastern Germany by considering changes in such a system's methods of rule, particularly their specific blend of repression and tolerance? An examination of the ways that forms of repression and tolerance in the GDR changed over time can offer us insights into Soviet-communist societies both in general terms and in detail. The GDR was unique in having more than 300,000 Soviet troops stationed on its soil; it was also unique in representing the front line of the Cold War.
48
Leaman, Jeremy. „Economic notes: Renewed growth weaknesses of the German economy“. Debatte: Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe 4, Nr. 1 (Januar 1996): 124–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09651569608454531.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
49
Leaman, Jeremy. „Economic notes: The high price of German taxation reform“. Debatte: Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe 7, Nr. 1 (Mai 1999): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09651569908454598.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
50
Kuzniar, Alice. „The Vanishing Canvas: Notes on German Romantic Landscape Aesthetics“. German Studies Review 11, Nr. 3 (Oktober 1988): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1430503.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle