Zeitschriftenartikel: „Normative methodology“

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LANDSBURG, STEVEN E. „The Methodology of Normative Economics“. Journal of Public Economic Theory 9, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2007): 757–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9779.2007.00329.x.

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Robert, Christopher, und Richard Zeckhauser. „The methodology of normative policy analysis“. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 30, Nr. 3 (11.04.2011): 613–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.20578.

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Kocka, Jürgen. „Comparative History: Methodology and Ethos“. East Central Europe 36, Nr. 1 (2009): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633009x411430.

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AbstractWhile it is necessary to distinguish between analytical and normative statements, the quest for this distinction – and for value-free science – is itself normatively based. Comparative approaches can serve important descriptive and analytical functions. They reduce the danger of methodological nationalism and intellectual parochialism in historical studies. The comparative approach allows to find an acceptable middle ground between the acceptance of basic differences and universalist claims. Method and ethos interact. But a-symmetric comparison shows that scientific productivity and political incorrectness can go together. For this, Max Weber's comparative approach can serve as an example.

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Perrin, Laurent, Felipe Muñoz-Giraldo, Olivier Dufaud und André Laurent. „Normative barriers improvement through the MADS/MOSAR methodology“. Safety Science 50, Nr. 7 (August 2012): 1502–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2012.02.002.

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Callaway, H. G. „Open Transcendentalism and the Normative Character of Methodology“. Grazer Philosophische Studien 44 (1993): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/gps19934430.

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Callaway, H. G. „OPEN TRANSCENDENTALISM AND THE NORMATIVE CHARACTER OF METHODOLOGY“. Grazer Philosophische studien 44, Nr. 1 (13.08.1993): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756735-90000516.

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Ekvall, Tomas, Anne-Marie Tillman und Sverker Molander. „Normative ethics and methodology for life cycle assessment“. Journal of Cleaner Production 13, Nr. 13-14 (November 2005): 1225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2005.05.010.

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Carstairs, Jane R., und E. Arthur Shores. „The Macquarie University Neuropsychological Normative Study (MUNNS): Rationale and Methodology“. Australian Psychologist 35, Nr. 1 (März 2000): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00050060008257466.

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Paigunova, Yulia Victorovna, Olga Gennad’evna Lopukhova, Renat Rashidovich Ibragimov und Dilbar Gabdullovna Kuzmicheva. „CROSS-CULTURAL METHODOLOGY IN SPORT PSYCHOLOGY: THE VALUE-NORMATIVE APPROACH“. Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem, Nr. 11 (29.11.2016): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2218-7405-2016-11-192-208.

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CORAPI, DOMENICO, ALESSANDRA RUSSO, MARINA DE VOS, JULIAN PADGET und KEN SATOH. „Normative design using inductive learning“. Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 11, Nr. 4-5 (Juli 2011): 783–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068411000305.

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AbstractIn this paper we propose a use-case-driven iterative design methodology for normative frameworks, also called virtual institutions, which are used to govern open systems. Our computational model represents the normative framework as a logic program under answer set semantics (ASP). By means of an inductive logic programming approach, implemented using ASP, it is possible to synthesise new rules and revise the existing ones. The learning mechanism is guided by the designer who describes the desired properties of the framework through use cases, comprising (i) event traces that capture possible scenarios, and (ii) a state that describes the desired outcome. The learning process then proposes additional rules, or changes to current rules, to satisfy the constraints expressed in the use cases. Thus, the contribution of this paper is a process for the elaboration and revision of a normative framework by means of a semi-automatic and iterative process driven from specifications of (un)desirable behaviour. The process integrates a novel and general methodology for theory revision based on ASP.

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Tamulevičienė, Daiva, Jonas Mackevičius und Lionius Gaižauskas. „Methodology of applying standard costing and normative methods in manufacturing enterprises“. Buhalterinės apskaitos teorija ir praktika 21 (25.06.2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/batp.2020.19.

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Appropriate choice of the production cost calculation methods helps not only to estimate the production cost correctly, but also to correctly determine prices of products as well as their profit and profitability, draw up budgets, control expenses, make operational and prospective management decisions. The article analyses effective standard costing and normative methods that are still seldom applied in Lithuanian enterprises. A brief history of how the methods were created is provided. The advantages and aims as well as their similarities and differences are analysed. A methodology of applying standard costing and normative methods in manufacturing enterprises was prepared. Application of these methodologies is going to help managers and accountants to introduce the methods easier and at a lower cost.

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Abu-Laban, Yasmeen. „Gendering Surveillance Studies: The Empirical and Normative Promise of Feminist Methodology“. Surveillance & Society 13, Nr. 1 (29.07.2014): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v13i1.5163.

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This paper argues that “doing Surveillance Studies” in a way that builds on and extends past research requires embracing the increasing call in the field to attend to gender, and embracing insights pertaining to feminist methodology and relatedly epistemology. By reviewing the extant record and possibilities of attending to gender, the article shows how both the empirical and normative repertoires of Surveillance Studies may be emboldened and more nuanced discussions and understandings advanced. Special attention is paid to how a project aimed at gendering Surveillance Studies may create new possibilities for enhanced attention to difference and identity, as well as surveillance in relation to both control and care.

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Santiago-Pérez, Susana, und Teresa Ferrer. „P130 Thermal sensory testing (Thermotest) in controls. normative values and methodology“. Clinical Neurophysiology 119 (Mai 2008): S104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2457(08)60401-0.

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Malnes, Raino. „Philosophical Argument and Political Practice: On the Methodology of Normative Theory“. Scandinavian Political Studies 15, Nr. 2 (Juni 1992): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9477.1992.tb00134.x.

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Rodríguez Iglesias, Adrián. „Gender normative and non-normative morphemes usages study: preference, tolerance and refuse on autoidentification“. Textos en Proceso 4, Nr. 2 (15.12.2018): 123–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17710/tep.2018.4.2.1ariglesias.

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This study focuses on the use of a sociopragmatic methodology to research morphological phenomena. In particular, the study starts from the verification of new non-normative gender morphemes uses to make visible a part of the society that, according to the criticism of feminist linguistics to its normative usages, excludes them in its representation. So, the starting point of this study is to consider an associated perception of two phenomena: grammatical gender and (sociocultural) gender. This premise is treated as a sociocultural conditioning that enables the implementation of sociopragmatic research tools. The designed tool has enabled to determinate, on a scale of degrees, the preference, tolerance and refusal to these new gender morpheme uses in a given population segment, supporting the validity of sociopragmatic tools to study morphological phenomena.

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Werhane, Patricia H. „The Normative/Descriptive Distinction in Methodologies of Business Ethics“. Business Ethics Quarterly 4, Nr. 2 (April 1994): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857489.

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Abstract:Most papers in this issue carefully analyze normative and empirical methodologies. I shall argue that (a) there is no purely empirical nor purely normative methodology; (b) some terms escape the division of the normative and descriptive. (c) Most importantly, dialogues such as this one point to a form of integration that allows us to reflect on what it is that each approach presupposes in its study of business ethics. Thus we have made progress in recognizing the importance of each methodology, how each is dependent on the other, and how neither is singularly The Approach to business ethics.

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Rivera, D., und J. C. Arango-Lasprilla. „Methodology for the development of normative data for Spanish-speaking pediatric populations“. NeuroRehabilitation 41, Nr. 3 (24.10.2017): 581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/nre-172275.

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Басовский, Leonid Basovskiy, Басовская und Elena Basovskaya. „Current Problems of Economic Methodology“. Economics 2, Nr. 5 (10.10.2014): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5960.

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The paper attempts to identify methodological fallacies in the works of Russian economists, published during the 2004–2014 period. Produced are econometric assessments of how wide-spread these fallacies are. Among these fallacies is the erroneous interpretation of the subject and method of the economic science. Also highlighted are the excessiveness of new economic concepts and categories coined recently, and overuse of mathematical and econometric models. It is emphasized also, that many economists consider the "Normative Economics" to be a science in its own right. The number of scholarly works containing methodological errors is growing at an increasingly rapid pace. Presented are the widely acknowledged fundamental principles of the Positive economics methodology.

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Mäki, Uskali. „Mark Blaug's unrealistic crusade for realistic economics“. Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics 6, Nr. 3 (07.03.2014): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.23941/ejpe.v6i3.152.

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Mark Blaug's normative methodology of economics is an attempt to articulate certain intuitions about how economic science could be improved by making it more "realistic". I discuss two such articulations, one in terms of falsificationist principles, the other in terms of an alleged trade-off between relevance and mathematical rigour. My conclusion is that Blaug's methodology is itself unrealistic, both descriptively and normatively. His (well intended) methodological prescriptions for the improvement of economics are not based on a systematic, consistent, descriptively adequate, and normatively viable account. I suggest that Blaug's intuitions can be developed into a more realistic account by incorporating the analysis of two further topics: economic modelling and the institutions of academic research.

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Rice, Carla, und Ingrid Mündel. „Multimedia Storytelling Methodology: Notes on Access and Inclusion in Neoliberal Times“. Canadian Journal of Disability Studies 8, Nr. 1 (21.02.2019): 118–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjds.v8i1.473.

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In this article, the authors examine the impact of using their evolving multimedia storytelling method (digital art and video) to challenge dominant representations of non-normative bodies and foster more inclusive spaces. Drawing on their collaborative work with disability and non-normatively embodied artists and communities, they investigate the challenges of negotiating what ‘access’ and ‘inclusion’ mean beyond the individualizing discourses of neoliberalism without erasing the specificities of differentially-lived experiences. Reflecting on their experiences in a variety of workshops and on a selection of videos made in those workshops, they identify and analyze three iterative ‘movements’ that mark their storytelling processes: from failure to vulnerability, from time to temporality, and from individual voice to collective concerns. The authors end by considering some of the ways they have experimented with developing an iterative workshop method that welcomes difference while simultaneously allowing for an examination of the terms of the shared space and of the mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion operating within that space.

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Davis, John B. „Cooter and Rappoport on the Normative“. Economics and Philosophy 6, Nr. 1 (April 1990): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267100000687.

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In a recent examination of the origins of ordinal utility theory in neoclassical economics, Robert D. Cooter and Peter Rappoport argue that the ordinalist revolution of the 1930s, after which most economists abandoned interpersonal utility comparisons as normative and unscientific, constituted neither unambiguous progress in economic science nor the abandonment of normative theorizing, as many economists and historians of economic thought have generally believed (Cooter and Rappoport, 1984). Rather, the widespread acceptance of ordinalism, with its focus on Pareto optimality, simply represented the emergence of a new neoclassical research agenda that, on the one hand, defined economics differently than had the material welfare theorists of the cardinal utility school and, on the other, adopted a positivist methodology in contrast to the less restrictive empiricism of the cardinalists.

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Yurkevich, Mykhailo. „Methodology of research of legal responsibility for violation of forest legislation“. Legal Ukraine, Nr. 7 (21.09.2020): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37749/2308-9636-2020-7(211)-7.

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The article considers the methodology of research of legal liability for violations of forest legislation, as well as methodological tools specific to this area of jurisprudence, which provides a comprehensive and comprehensive study of this phenomenon. Methodological approaches that are crucial for the disclosure of this topic include systemic, historical and demanding approaches. Examples of normative-legal acts which were investigated by means of system, logical, historical-chronological and hermeneutic methods are given. The methodology for researching legal liability for violation of forest legislation as a social phenomenon includes general philosophical approaches common to all sciences, methods of other legal and non-legal sciences, as well as methodological tools typical for this particular area of jurisprudence, which provides a comprehensive and comprehensive study of this phenomenon. The methodological approaches, which are of decisive importance for the disclosure of this topic, include the systemic, historical and need-based approaches. Among the general philosophical, general scientific and special scientific research methods, which reveal as fully as possible the problems of legal responsibility for violation of forest legislation, include methods based on three laws of dialectics, logical (in which methods of analysis, synthesis, abstraction are highlighted), historical-chronological, hermeneutic, comparative and formal legal. The examples of normative legal acts, which were studied using a systematic approach, logical, historical-chronological and hermeneutic methods, are given. Key words: legal responsibility, forestry legislation, methodology, methodological approach, method, general scientific methods, normative legal act, penalties.

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Kagan, G. L., V. A. Shorin und A. Y. Velsovskij. „To the question of improvement the normative methodology for calculating the frost resistance of a road structure“. E3S Web of Conferences 161 (2020): 01038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016101038.

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The paper discusses the negative impact of heaving soil during freezing of a road structure, including heaving formation. The provisions of normative methodology for testing the road structure for frost resistance are considered. The results of indirect and laboratory tests for determining the soil group by the degree of heaving are analyzed. The validity of influence of natural factors on frost heaving is considered. Proposals for improving the normative methodology are put forward.

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Donaldson, Thomas. „When Integration Fails: The Logic of Prescription and Description in Business Ethics“. Business Ethics Quarterly 4, Nr. 2 (April 1994): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857487.

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In an engaging and provocative paper, Linda Trevino and Gary Weaver spell out the differences between the methodological approach characteristic of the natural sciences on the one hand and that of normative inquiry on the other (Trevino and Weaver, 1991). Near the end of their paper they raise a haunting question that will have increasing significance as the management literature in ethics evolves: namely, “Can the two approaches be integrated?”As C. P. Snow (1962) noted, no one can deny either the stark differences between the two worlds of normative and empirical inquiry, or the mutual suspicion shown by their inhabitants. The methodology of natural science implies a non-normative, thoroughly descriptive vision of the world in which reality awaits discovery by the scientist prepared to use increasingly sophisticated techniques. In contrast, the methodology of normative inquiry, i.e., that of traditional moral philosophy, implies a world-vision in which most important issues are allocated to ethics, where empirical pursuits are frequently trivial and always require ethical guidance, and where empirical theories contain normative presuppositions unrecognized as normative even by their scientific adherents.

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Zyznarska-Dworczak, Beata. „Sustainability Accounting—Cognitive and Conceptual Approach“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 23 (27.11.2020): 9936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239936.

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Nowadays, the speed of changes in practical activities and scientific research in the field of sustainable development has not yet allowed to clearly indicate the role of accounting in this area. Therefore, the main goal of the paper is to present sustainability accounting in the light of positive and normative accounting theory and to propose its conceptual framework as a normative solution. Positive theories allow the author to use inductive reasoning and thus indicates the state of accounting development (opportunities and risks) in sustainable business, identifying three key gaps: theoretical, empirical and methodical. In turn, by means of normative theories, on the basis of deductive reasoning, the paper recognizes the desired directions and normatives of sustainability accounting changes. The research methodology is based on theoretical and methodological triangulation, using descriptive and comparative analysis. The main findings of the research focus on an original normative solution in the form of the author’s concept of sustainability accounting based on conclusions drawn in the light of positive and normative accounting theories. The presented potential research areas are meant to pose the directions of sustainability accounting development. The results of research may determine the future growth, importance and character of sustainability accounting in business, and thus help both shareholders and stakeholders to perceive and use company achievements for sustainable development.

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Yadryshnikov, Konstantin S. „Assessment of the regulatory impact of a normative act as a pedagogical tool for the formation of a student's legal culture“. Pedagogy: history, prospects 3, Nr. 5 (29.10.2020): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2686-9969-2020-3-5-85-99.

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This article examines the problems of forming the legal culture of the students’ personality when teaching legal disciplines (on the example of educational institutions of Technical and Vocational Education and Training) with the use of pedagogical meth-ods - assessing the regulatory impact of a normative act. The paper provides an over-view of the application of regulatory impact assessment in various spheres of public life. The author substantiates the possibility and necessity of using the assessment of the regulatory impact of a normative act in pedagogy, as an independent pedagogical methodology. The necessity of forming the legal culture of a student's personality is revealed, the semantic load of the definition of «legal culture» is considered and the optimal definition of the concept is selected for use in this study. The paper proposes a relatively new pedagogical methodology for teaching legal disciplines, with the help of which the goals of education are realized and at the same time the legal culture of the individual is formed. The results of the effective application of the methodology for assessing the regulatory impact of a normative act (on the example of teaching students of Technical and Vocational Education and Training), expertise that is formed at the same time among students, are presented. The features of the application of the methodology for assessing the regulatory impact of the normative act are indicated, as well as the difficulties that the teacher should take into account when using this pedagogical toolkit. The conclusion is made about the possibility of applying the methodology for assessing the regulatory impact of a normative act in educational institutions of all types.

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Mukhtorov, Uzbekkhon. „Stimulating the efficient use of agricultural land based on the improved methodology for land tax calculation“. E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 03013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124403013.

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Article develops recommendations for the use of reducing (incentive) coefficients in land tax calculation of on agricultural lands, taking into account the quality of land and interrelation between an increase and decrease in soil fertility, which leads to an increase in land tax. In calculating land taxation, this is formed based on the normative value of agricultural land. The calculation of the normative value of agricultural land is inextricably linked with the soil quality index (SQI), which determines the fertility of the soil. As decreasing and increasing coefficients in the growth of productivity in 11 agriultural farms of “Pakhtaobod” massif of Nishan adiminstrative district of Kashkadarya province, when the normative value changed for the better, the amount of land tax decreased by 18.933.000 UZS (19.5%) and in 10 agriсultural farms the increase in the amount of land tax by 7.070.820 UZS (15.8%) in the negative condition.

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Gudramovich, V. S., V. N. Sirenko, D. V. Klimenko, Y. F. Daniyev und E. L. Gart. „Methodology of Normative Principles of Justification of Launch Vehicle Launching Facility Structures Lifetime“. Kosmičeskaâ tehnika. Raketnoe vooruženie 2019, Nr. 1 (12.02.2019): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33136/stma2019.01.028.

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Zagvyazinsky, V. I., und A. F. Zakirova. „About the Normative Regulation and Fostering the Methodology Culture of Pedagogical Research Staff“. Education and science journal 1, Nr. 5 (03.03.2015): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2013-5-3-16.

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Baratgin, Jean, und Guy Politzer. „The psychology of dynamic probability judgment: order effect, normative theories, and experimental methodology“. Mind & Society 6, Nr. 1 (19.01.2007): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11299-006-0025-z.

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Shvetsov, Yu. „The Theory and Methodology of Budget as Public Property“. Voprosy Ekonomiki, Nr. 8 (20.08.2011): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2011-8-106-114.

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The article examines the vital problems of the theory of budget connected with development of this important economic category. The functions of budget and principles of the construction of budgetary system are characterized. Deficiencies in the normative base for the regulation of budgetary juridical relationships are noted as well as the flaws in the realization of budgetary process. The need for reorientation of budget for financing priority public needs is grounded.

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Shutak, Ilya. „Legal technique of normative and contractual legislation“. Scientific and informational bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk University of Law named after King Danylo Halytskyi, Nr. 11(23) (11.06.2021): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33098/2078-6670.2021.11.23.55-64.

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Purpose. The purpose of the study is to reveal the features of the legal technique of normative-contractual law-making of modern Ukraine. Methodology. First of all, the principles and techniques of formal-logical methodology are used. Elements of the structural-functional approach have been widely used. Thus, the identification of intersectoral relations in the normative-contractual form of state functions is based on the functional nature of law in general and contractual and regulatory means in particular, which allowed to distinguish two types of intersectoral relations in contractual and regulatory activities. In addition, dialectical, system-structural and functional methods, the method of interpretation (applied to regulations) were used in the work. The scientific novelty lies in the theoretical understanding and delineation of the legal technique of normative-contract law-making, which is interpreted as an integral harmonious part of the law-making system in a state governed by the rule of law. It is shown how with the help of means and methods of legal technique there is an optimization of contractual work and minimization of risks of disputes caused by vagueness and internal inconsistency of contracts. Results. As a result of research the inexpediency of identification of the contract with the regulatory legal act and its inclusion in the system of the legislation is argued. The regulatory role of the contract likens it to a legal act. A normative agreement can be both a consequence of a law and a cause of a normative legal act. Practical importance. The results of the study can be used in law-making activities in order to improve the design of the regulatory agreement, improve its quality and efficiency.

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Bruckner, DW. „Animal welfare science, varieties of value and philosophical methodology“. Animal Welfare 29, Nr. 4 (01.11.2020): 387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7120/09627286.29.4.387.

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There are competing conceptions of animal welfare in the scientific literature. Debate among proponents of these various conceptions continues. This paper examines methodologies for use in attempting to justify a conception of animal welfare. It is argued that philosophical methodology relying on conceptual analysis has a central role to play in this debate. To begin, the traditional division between facts and values is refined by distinguishing different types of values, or norms. Once this distinction is made, it is argued that the common recognition that any conception of animal welfare is inherently normative is correct, but that it is not ethical normativity that is at issue. The sort of philosophical methodology appropriate to use in investigating the competing normative conceptions of animal welfare is explained. Finally, the threads of the paper are brought together to consider the appropriate role of recent empirical work into folk conceptions of animal welfare in determining the proper conception of animal welfare. It is argued that empirical results about folk conceptions are useful inputs into conceptual philosophical investigation into the competing conceptions of animal welfare. Further mutual inquiry by philosophers and animal welfare scientists is needed to advance our knowledge of what animal welfare is.

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Sebastien, Zoe. „The Status of Normative Propositions in the Theory of Scientific Change“. Scientonomy: Journal for the Science of Science 1 (03.09.2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/js.v1i0.26947.

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The scope of the Theory of Scientific Change (TSC) encompasses any and all changes that occur in a given scientific mosaic, the set of all methods employed and theories accepted at a given time by a given scientific community. Currently, theory is defined as a set of propositions that attempts to describe something. This definition excludes normative propositions from the scope of the TSC. Normative theories, such as those of methodology or ethics, have been excluded since including them appears to give rise to a destructive paradox first identified by Joel Burkholder. There are many historical cases where employed scientific methods are known to conflict with professed methodologies. This seems to violate the third and zeroth laws of scientific change. By the third law, employed methods are deducible from accepted theories. But, this seems impossible in cases where methodologies and methods conflict. Under the zeroth law, all elements in the scientific mosaic are compatible with one another. But, that seems to be clearly not the case if methodologies and methods conflict with one another. In this paper, I argue that normative propositions such as methodologies can be included in the scientific mosaic as accepted theories without generating a paradox and that neither the third nor zeroth laws of scientific change need be violated. I outline my solution to the paradox of normative theories and conclude by describing some new and exciting avenues for future research that are now open.Suggested Modifications[Sciento-2016-0001]: Accept the following reformulation of the third law:The third law ≡ a method becomes employed only when it is deducible from some subset of other employed methods and accepted theories of the time. Consequently, accept that there is no paradox of normative theories: when an employed method and an accepted methodology are logically inconsistent with one another; it merely indicates that the employed method isn’t a logical consequence of the accepted methodology. By the third law, the employed method still follows from some accepted theories, but not from this particular methodology. Reject the previous formulation of the third law; it can remain in use for educational purposes. [Sciento-2016-0002]: Provided that the preceding modification [Sciento-2016-0001] is accepted, accept the following taxonomy for theory, descriptive theory, normative theory, and methodology:Theory ≡ a set of propositions.Descriptive theory ≡ a theory that attempts to describe something.Normative theory ≡ a theory that attempts to prescribe something. Methodology ≡ a normative theory that prescribes the rules which ought to be employed in theory assessment.Modify the definition of theory acceptance to make it possible for both descriptive and normative theories to be accepted:Theory Acceptance ≡ a theory is said to be accepted if it is taken as the best available description or prescription of its object. Reject the previous definitions of theory, methodology, and theory acceptance.

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Deichsel, Simon. „Against the pragmatic justification for realism in economic methodology“. Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics 4, Nr. 1 (12.05.2011): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.23941/ejpe.v4i1.68.

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In recent times, realism in economic methodology has increasingly gained importance. Uskali Mäki and Tony Lawson are the best-known realists within the discipline and even though their approaches are fundamentally different, both provide (among others) pragmatic defences of realism by claiming anti-realism to be the reason for the low quality of (some) economic models. My paper will show that a pragmatic defence of realism is untenable and furthermore, I will show that for both Mäki's and Lawson's normative ideas there is no need for realism.

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Brito Bastos, Filipe. „Doctrinal Methodology in EU Administrative Law: Confronting the “Touch of Stateness”“. German Law Journal 22, Nr. 4 (Juni 2021): 593–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/glj.2021.20.

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AbstractFrom its inception, the academic study of EU administrative law has relied heavily on doctrinal categories, concepts and principles, borrowed from the administrative law of the Member States. It has largely preferred research agendas such as the Europeanisation of national administrative law or the development of common European principles derived from national administrative laws. Legal doctrine has also engaged in the critique of EU administrative law when it fails to account for the normative standards that national administrative law must usually observe. Whereas all these constitute important research agendas, they reproduce in particularly acute terms a familiar paradox. While the existence of a European administration and administrative law beyond the state cannot be seriously disputed today, legal doctrine tends to consider them, implicitly or explicitly, from the perspective of the administrative law of the nation-state. The so-called “touch of stateness” has had a firm grip on EU administrative law, even though it includes unique aspects that lack any precedent in national laws. The article considers, and proposes a methodological approach to address, the ways in which preconceptions and normative expectations originating in national law have conditioned, and indeed prevented, the deeper doctrinal development of EU administrative law.

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Makris, Nikos, Dick F. Swaab, Andre van der Kouwe, Brandon Abbs, Denise Boriel, Robert J. Handa, Stuart Tobet und Jill M. Goldstein. „Volumetric parcellation methodology of the human hypothalamus in neuroimaging: Normative data and sex differences“. NeuroImage 69 (April 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.12.008.

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Dupuy, Jean-Pierre, und Alexei Grinbaum. „Living with uncertainty: from the precautionary principle to the methodology of ongoing normative assessment“. Comptes Rendus Geoscience 337, Nr. 4 (März 2005): 457–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2005.01.004.

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Benzmüller, Christoph, Xavier Parent und Leendert van der Torre. „Designing normative theories for ethical and legal reasoning: LogiKEy framework, methodology, and tool support“. Artificial Intelligence 287 (Oktober 2020): 103348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2020.103348.

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Kadykov, V. N., A. I. Musatova und R. S. Koinov. „Development of a set of regulatory models for metallurgical enterprise divisions functioning“. Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 64, Nr. 8 (02.09.2021): 606–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2021-8-606-610.

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Methodology of normative models, algorithms for their construction, as well as procedures for application in production facilities control and optimization tasks should fully meet modern requirements: multivariance, caseorientation, complexity, optimality, dynamism, ﬂexibility. The listed aspects of construction and application of normative models for functioning of metallurgical enterprise divisions are presented in this work.

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Whapham, Theodore James. „Anticipation in the Normative Task of Practical Theology“. International Journal of Practical Theology 24, Nr. 1 (15.07.2020): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijpt-2018-0052.

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AbstractThis essay seeks to make a contribution to Catholic practical theological methodology through a discussion of “anticipation” as developed in the theology of Wolfhart Pannenberg. Its main thesis is that an understanding of the proleptic and anticipatory character of revelation and tradition can help articulate the role of tradition in the normative task of a Catholic practical theology. The first section of the paper looks at the normative task of practical theology and how this is reflected in the Whiteheads’ Method of Ministry. Then it seeks to explain the notion of “anticipation” and its implications for a theology of tradition. Finally it draws out the implications of incorporating this concept into practical theological method.

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Tozer, William. „A theory of making: methodology and process in architectural practice“. Architectural Research Quarterly 12, Nr. 2 (Juni 2008): 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135508001024.

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This paper sets out to challenge assumptions about both normative practice and alternative practice. A historical case study of alternative practice is used to re-read the nature of architectural production since the modern period, and a contemporary mode of alternative practice is proposed which operates within the established profession but is informed by this alternative reading [1, 2]. This proposal seeks to remain fully engaged with the production of the built environment, using to its advantage rather than resisting the mechanisms of the profession.

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Veiga, Heloisa, Andréa Deslandes, Maurício Cagy, Kaleb McDowell, Fernando Pompeu, Roberto Piedade und Pedro Ribeiro. „Visual event-related potencial (P300): a normative study“. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 62, Nr. 3a (September 2004): 575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2004000400002.

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The P300 component of the Event-Related Potential (ERP) is a general measurement of "cognitive efficiency". It is an index of the ability of an individual's Central Nervous System (CNS) to process incoming information. OBJECTIVE: To develop a normative database for the visual P300. METHODOLOGY: 30 right-handed individuals (same number of each sex), between 20 and 30 years of age, healthy, free of any cognitive impairment and not making use of psychoactive substances. Participants were submitted to a visual discrimination task, which employed the "oddball" paradigm. RESULTS: The expected scalp distribution trend was seen for latency but not for amplitude values. CONCLUSION: A high variability of latency and amplitude values was observed across the age span. Mean reaction time for the entire sample of the study was 391.56 ± 37.03 ms.

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Redziuk, Anatolii, Volodymyr Ageiev, Victor Ustymenko, O. F. Volkov, O. S. Lesyk, Kostiantyn Kolobov, Sergiy Rychok, R. O. Volkov und D. O. Kotelnitsky. „About between-calibration period“. Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny, Nr. 1 (253) ’ 2018 (26.03.2018): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2018-1-253-2-7.

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Analysis of normative-and-legal documents related to calibration of measuring devices and testing equipment was conducted; a methodology with an example of calculating between-calibration period was proposed; some issues of its optimisation were considered. Keywords: calibration, between-calibration period, methodology, calculation, determination.

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Debs, Alexandre. „“To Be” or “Ought To Be”: The Questions of Empirical Content and Normative Bias in Léon Walras's Methodology“. Journal of the History of Economic Thought 26, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2004): 479–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1042771042000298715.

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Léon Walras was a truly revolutionary economist. Not only did he leave a lasting mark on economic doctrine participating in the Marginalist Revolution, which supplanted the labor theory of value of the classical school, but he also contributed to major changes in economic methodology as being one of the first and most ardent promoters of the use of mathematics in economics. For an actor who played such a great role in the development of economics, how did he conceive his scientific endeavor? This question can be broken down into two different but related questions: First, how did he know that he had found true scientific laws? What was his theory of knowledge? Is it best described as empiricist (claiming that all knowledge comes from experience) or idealist (claiming that reason can achieve knowledge independently of experience)? And, second, what relation did his writings on pure theory bear with his policy prescriptions? Was there a normative bias in Léon Walras's methodology, i.e., were his positive statements molded by his normative inclinations?This last set of questions has generated much debate, given that Walras actively fought for scientific rigor while not refraining from defending his views on the desired social order. For W. Jaffé, who unearthed his correspondence, a careful study of primary evidence shows that Walras's conception of justice heavily influenced his search for pure truth. The Éléments d'économie politique pure (Éléments), “appears, on the surface, as a competely wert-frei” system, but it is nevertheless “inform[ed]” by “implicit moral convictions” (Jaffé 1977, p. 371). However, D. A. Walker has strongly attacked Jaffe's allegation that Walras's theory of general equilibrium was deliberately constructed as a normative scheme, pointing to Walras's “careful distinctions between normative and positive subject matters” (Walker 1984, p. 466).

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K, Rajesh, und Rajasekaran V. „THE LIMITATIONS OF NORMATIVE ETHICS: ANTHROPOCENTRISM IN KIM STANLEY ROBINSON’S 2312“. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, Nr. 6 (29.12.2019): 1040–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.76153.

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Purpose of the study: The present study mainly argues the limitations of normative ethics and analyzes the anthropocentrism in Kim Stanley Robinson’s 2312 based on the actions or duties of the characters. Methodology: The article used normative ethics as a methodology. Normative ethics is the study of ethical actions that has certain rules and regulations about how we ought to do and decide. So, this study has chosen a normative ethic that consists of three ethical theories Utilitarian approach, Kantian ethics and Virtue ethics to judge duties that are right and wrong. Main Findings: As a result, normative ethics compact with a one-dimensional approach. All three ethics deal with its own specific code of ethics. Utilitarianism has focused on good outcomes. Kantian ethics has paid attention to good rules with duty. Virtue ethics focused on the good people but all three theories have a strong common objective of focusing on only human beings (sentient entities) and omit other entities (plants and animals). So all normative ethics have certain limitations and do their duties without thinking about consequences and situations. In conclusion, this code of normative ethics has provoked as anthropocentric. In addition that Swan’s actions and the rational behavior made her miserably failed in Mercury through the construction of the biome and creation of quantum computers. So this cause, in the end, the space people want to move from space to earth to rebuild the biome. Applications of this study: The prudent study analyses the normative ethics in a detailed manner under the Utilitarian approach, Kantian ethics and Virtue ethics. These philosophical domains can be benefitted for researchers to practice and implement during the research process in Humanities and Social Sciences especially. Novelty/Originality of this study: The study analyzed the anthropocentric attitude of the character Swan in 2312 based on her actions or duties through the code of normative ethics (Utilitarianism, Kantian ethics and Virtue ethics).

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Webster, Gary S. „Stratification, Normative Discontinuity and Metaphor: Archaeology of the Middle Ground“. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 11, Nr. 2 (Oktober 2001): 223–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774301000129.

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Normative discontinuity is little studied by archaeologists although its importance for understanding diachronic phenomena like social stratification is obvious. Cognitive research provides the ground for a Weberian theory of normative change as the outcome of contestations between competing social myths. These conflicts arise from incongruities between metaphorically-structured conceptualizations of social reality and experienced social reality. To facilitate the archaeological inference of normative change, a typology of generative rules is suggested by which normative concepts might be expressed as substantive metaphors. The methodology is applied to a pilot study of temporal covariation in pottery design imagery within three major ceramic traditions of late Nuragic Sardinia. When ‘read’ as substantive metaphorical expressions of past social experiences, late Nuragic ceramic imagery suggests a coherent set of normative concepts ‘structured’ in terms of a central ontological metaphor of the general ‘vessel-as-social-landscape’ type. Moreover, variations in that material imagery make sense in terms of normative changes conducive to the emergence of class relations.

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Oliveira, Gilberto Carvalho. „Reconstructive Methodology and Critical International Relations Theory“. Contexto Internacional 40, Nr. 1 (April 2018): 9–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-8529.2017400100001.

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Abstract Drawing on the work of the latest generation of social philosophers institutionally or intellectually linked to the Frankfurt School, this article examines the critical-reconstructive-explanatory methodology that became a distinguishing feature of contemporary critical theory after its ‘reconstructive turn’. The article aims to show how these recent developments can contribute to overcoming the various criticisms that continue to challenge Critical International Relations Theory (CIRT) from a methodological viewpoint, such as its normative and interpretative emphasis at the expense of the empirical dimension of analysis, its inability to provide a substantive explanation of the social pathologies and mechanisms of domination it criticises, its insulation from issues of pluralism and multiculturalism, the absence of debate with outside approaches, and the lack of clarity on how theory connects to practice. After discussing the main aspects of the contemporary critical theory methodology, the article ends with a brief illustration of this methodology using as a basis the critique of the liberal peacebuilding.

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Mattessich, Richard. „Conditional-normative accounting methodology: Incorporating value judgments and means-end relations of an applied science“. Accounting, Organizations and Society 20, Nr. 4 (Mai 1995): 259–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0361-3682(94)00023-o.

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Yingling, Charles D., Claudia Meuli-Simmen, Martin Meuli, Gregory B. Timmel, N. Scott Adzick und Michael Harrison. „Assessment of sensory function in neonatal sheep with somatosensory evoked potentials: methodology and normative data“. Pediatric Surgery International 15, Nr. 8 (24.11.1999): 530–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003830050663.

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