Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Nonbinary authors“
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Zlámalová, Karolína. „Transmasculinities in Nonbinary Autobiographical Writing“. Gender Studies 21, Nr. 1 (01.12.2022): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/genst-2023-0003.
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Abstract This article discusses the representations and narratives of transmasculinities in selected works by contemporary Anglophone nonbinary writers assigned female at birth. After briefly introducing the primary sources, I explain how this selection of texts allows for an analysis that contributes to widening the conventional conceptualisation of masculinities as related only to biological men and trans men, and I specify the kinds of masculinities discussed in the article. I then concentrate on three prominently featured themes in the analysed narratives: rejection and erasure within the lesbian and feminist communities, confusion caused by the authors’ identities in their everyday lives, and nonbinary parenting-related issues. Exploring how the authors write about these themes illuminates not only how they textually construct their diverse masculinities but also some of the key challenges they navigate: identity unintelligibility, invisibility, and the threat of involuntary complicity in the patriarchal order.
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Kinney, M. Killian, und Darren Cosgrove. „“Truly Listen to Us”: Recommendations for Health Professionals to Bolster Wellbeing of Nonbinary Individuals“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 15 (25.07.2022): 9032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159032.
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Trans-affirming providers play significant roles in the health and wellbeing of nonbinary individuals. Yet, healthcare mistreatment is well-documented among gender-diverse patients, leading to clients withholding information and avoiding care for fear of experiencing bias. Concurrently, healthcare providers report feeling ill-equipped to serve nonbinary patients, often perpetuating cisnormative binary attitudes. The literature has established the challenges to accessing healthcare and the need for gender-affirming care. However, little is known about nonbinary people’s perspectives on how best to deliver gender-affirming care that is inclusive of nonbinary patients. This participatory action PhotoVoice study identified community member recommendations for healthcare providers to bolster the wellbeing of nonbinary individuals through improved access to gender-affirming healthcare. Data were collected through group discussions, photography, and photo-elicitation interviews. Drawing upon research results, the authors identify recommendations for improving interpersonal care, increasing access to gender-affirming care, and advocating for related environmental and policy changes.
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Van Dyke, Olivia M., und Meghan Blaskowitz. „Operation Occupation: A Client-Centered Life Skills Program for Transgender and Nonbinary Individuals Experiencing Homelessness“. American Journal of Occupational Therapy 76, Supplement_1 (01.07.2022): 7610500018p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2022.76s1-po18.
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Abstract Date Presented 04/02/2022 Transgender and nonbinary individuals experiencing homelessness encounter myriad health disparities that affect their quality of life. As OT expands into the LGBTQIA+ community, it is vital to develop programming for this population to cultivate independent living skills. This session will present outcomes of a life skills program used with transgender and nonbinary participants experiencing homelessness and the impact it had on their ability to achieve housing and employment goals. Primary Author and Speaker: Olivia M. Van Dyke Contributing Authors: Meghan Blaskowitz
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Konnelly, Lex, Bronwyn M. Bjorkman und Lee Airton. „Towards an engaged linguistics“. Journal of Language and Sexuality 11, Nr. 2 (04.08.2022): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jls.21024.kon.
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Abstract The papers in this special issue address themes from They, Hirself, Em, and YOU 2019 (THEY 2019), a conference that brought together researchers working on topics relating to nonbinary gender in language, particularly in pronouns. The papers collected in this special issue provide an overview of the current state of research and practice on nonbinary pronouns as they are currently used in English, as well as connecting the current practices in English to nonbinary pronouns in other languages. There are two sections. In the first section are five traditional academic articles on non-binary language and pronouns; the second section features three short technical articles that raise practical and/or pedagogical issues related to non-binary pronouns from a scholarly perspective. Authors in this volume investigate these topics not only for the advancement of linguistic scholarship, but also to make that scholarship visible to other fields and for broader advocacy.
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Furman, Ellis, Amandeep K. Singh, Ciann Wilson, Fil D’Alessandro und Zev Miller. „“A Space Where People Get It”: A Methodological Reflection of Arts-Informed Community-Based Participatory Research With Nonbinary Youth“. International Journal of Qualitative Methods 18 (01.01.2019): 160940691985853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1609406919858530.
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This article is a methodological reflection of Bye Bye Binary, a community-based participatory research project (CBPR) that explored nonbinary youths’ experiences of identity development, engagement in activism, discrimination, and mental health in Ontario, Canada. The arts-informed method of body mapping was employed in a workshop format to garner the experiences of 10 nonbinary youth (aged 16–25), in conjunction with additional qualitative methods (i.e., individual interviews and reflective notes). Findings suggest that the body-mapping workshop fostered a safe environment that promoted idea generation, affirmation, self-exploration, and connections through a shared identity, thus creating “a space where people get it.” Methodological challenges that arose throughout the process are discussed, including engagement in art as “awkward,” barriers of limited time and funding, participant recruitment, and collaboration and integration. Lastly, the authors reflect on their learnings engaging in CBPR and provide insights into how researchers can move forward and apply these methods and processes into their own work engaging in arts-informed research or with nonbinary individuals.
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Mihaljević, Ana, Josip Mihaljević und Milica Mihaljević. „Speaking About People of Non-Binary Sex/Gender in Croatian“. Collegium antropologicum 46, Nr. 3 (2022): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5671/ca.46.3.1.
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The paper analyzes different language problems connected with speaking about people of non-binary sex/gender in Croatian. Research is based on corpus analysis. One of the authors compiled the Croatian Gender Corpus using the Sketch Engine corpus compiling software for this analysis. The authors analyze these issues connected with speaking about nonbinary people: using nouns of masculine, neutral, or feminine gender; using masculine, neutral, or feminine pronouns and verbal forms; ways of addressing a non-binary person, normative problems noticed in the Croatian Gender Corpus. Some issues are compared to the situation in other languages.
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Angleton, Christie. „Authors, Books, and Beyond: Books for Kids Who Affirm Trans, Queer, and Nonbinary Identities“. Illinois Reading Council Journal 51, Nr. 3 (15.06.2023): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33600/ircj.51.3.2023.75.
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Pullen Sansfaçon, Annie, Morgane A. Gelly und Kimberly Ens Manning. „Affirmation and Safety: An Intersectional Analysis of Trans and Nonbinary Youths in Quebec“. Social Work Research 45, Nr. 3 (11.08.2021): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/swr/svab009.
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Abstract This article presents the results of a combined grounded theory and community-based participatory action research project with 54 trans and nonbinary youths (TNBY) residing in the province of Quebec, Canada. The project includes two important sensitizing concepts: intersectionality and recognition. In the research, intersectionality was defined as an approach that explores how people navigate manifold identities (class, race, disability, and so on) in the context of structural oppression. Authors applied an intersectional lens to the recruitment of research participants through an iterative, community-based process, and to the analysis of the oppressive structures that negatively influence the well-being of TNBY and the specific factors that enable TNBY to thrive. Drawing on Honneth’s concept of recognition, authors argue for a contextualized, dynamic, and relational understanding of how well-being is produced. Specifically, they show two presenting needs: one for affirmation and one for safety, access to which springs from resources of privilege that emerge in the environment in which young people are embedded and from which they self-advocate. Understanding the dynamic relationship between these two needs and how they shift according to context is an important component of applying an intersectional approach to supporting TNBY in social work settings.
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Knutson, Douglas, und Julie M. Koch. „A Cotherapy Supervision Approach using Person-Centered Theory with a Gender Fluid Client“. Clinical Case Studies 20, Nr. 5 (17.03.2021): 368–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15346501211003157.
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The authors discuss their work with a young adult client who identified as gender fluid. The client was a college student in a rural, mid-south town. The authors are two faculty members who worked with the client for a period of 2 years using a cotherapy supervision approach. The counseling approach was affirmative and person-centered. By keeping a focus on the exploration of gender foremost, the clinicians saw an abatement of other symptoms (depression, suicidality, self-harm, disordered eating, low self-confidence, emotion dysregulation, dissociation, and so on) and an improvement in wellness (relationships, emotion regulation, self-concept, assertiveness, appropriate boundary-setting, and so on) over time. The authors offer specific interventions such as collaborative letter writing and the creation of a transition roadmap. They also highlight the advantages and utility of a collaborative, person-centered, consent-based, affirmative approach to therapy with rural transgender and nonbinary clients with complex presenting concerns.
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McKeon, Joseph W., Kayla M. Trumbull und Jennifer L. Hughes. „Correction to McKeon et al. (2020)“. Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research 29, Nr. 2 (2024): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.jn29.2.167.
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Regarding the article, "Supervisors’ Gratitude and Employees’ Feelings About Their Supervisor and Organization" by Emma J. McKeon, Kayla M. Trumbull, and Jennifer L. Hughes (Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research, 2020, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp 272–277. https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.JN25.3.272)," the first author now identifies as Joseph W. McKeon. The correct authorship listing (Joseph W. McKeon, Kayla M. Trumbull, and Jennifer L. Hughes) has now been corrected on the Psi Chi Journal website and should be used in all citations and references moving forward. Psi Chi Journal recognizes challenges faced by transgender and nonbinary authors when updating their records to reflect their identities. The journal's Editorial Team is committed to supporting authors and facilitating name changes to best "respect the language people use to describe themselves" (APA Publication Manual 5.2 & 5.5).
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Ultra Omni, Victor, und Laura Alexandra Harris. „Who Is They?“ TSQ 10, Nr. 3-4 (01.11.2023): 212–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/23289252-10900746.
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Abstract At the heart of this project is an intergenerational dialogue, an elliptical tracing of languages and communities in their acts of reclaiming and renaming. In this dialogue the authors ask how does a linguistic archive of Black queer/trans culture, in particular the grammars of they, kiki/Ky-Ky, and fem and stud travel within and shape language and expressive culture? If the Black queer and Black vernacular overlap, how do we look to the creative influences of Black queer and Black trans historical symmetries and exchanges? Reexamining historical continuities and shared socialities of Black gender genealogies, the authors refuse the scholarly impetus to discover “new” nonbinary and transgender frontiers when Black working-class vernacular culture has always structured and enabled radical linguistic expression and gendered possibilities. Writing together, the authors transfigure intergenerational knowledges into a critical theory repositioning the terms of the debate and enabling possibilities for connections where there have only been closures. Talking Black to talk back to this current moment of ever-expanding gender narratives, the authors look toward Black epistemologies conveniently forgotten in current discourses of pluralized gender subjectivities.
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Peitzmeier, Sarah M., Mannat Malik, Shanna K. Kattari, Elliot Marrow, Rob Stephenson, Madina Agénor und Sari L. Reisner. „Intimate Partner Violence in Transgender Populations: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prevalence and Correlates“. American Journal of Public Health 110, Nr. 9 (September 2020): e1-e14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305774.
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Background: Transgender individuals experience unique vulnerabilities to intimate partner violence (IPV) and may experience a disproportionate IPV burden compared with cisgender (nontransgender) individuals. Objectives: To systematically review the quantitative literature on prevalence and correlates of IPV in transgender populations. Search Methods: Authors searched research databases (PubMed, CINAHL), gray literature (Google), journal tables of contents, and conference abstracts, and consulted experts in the field. Authors were contacted with data requests in cases in which transgender participants were enrolled in a study, but no disaggregated statistics were provided for this population. Selection Criteria: We included all quantitative literature published before July 2019 on prevalence and correlates of IPV victimization, perpetration, or service utilization in transgender populations. There were no restrictions by sample size, year, or location. Data Collection and Analysis: Two independent reviewers conducted screening. One reviewer conducted extraction by using a structured database, and a second reviewer checked for mistakes or omissions. We used random-effects meta-analyses to calculate relative risks (RRs) comparing the prevalence of IPV in transgender individuals and cisgender individuals in studies in which both transgender and cisgender individuals were enrolled. We also used meta-analysis to compare IPV prevalence in assigned-female-sex-at-birth and assigned-male-sex-at-birth transgender individuals and to compare physical IPV prevalence between nonbinary and binary transgender individuals in studies that enrolled both groups. Main Results: We identified 85 articles from 74 unique data sets (ntotal = 49 966 transgender participants). Across studies reporting it, the median lifetime prevalence of physical IPV was 37.5%, lifetime sexual IPV was 25.0%, past-year physical IPV was 16.7%, and past-year sexual IPV was 10.8% among transgender individuals. Compared with cisgender individuals, transgender individuals were 1.7 times more likely to experience any IPV (RR = 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36, 2.03), 2.2 times more likely to experience physical IPV (RR = 2.19; 95% CI = 1.66, 2.88), and 2.5 times more likely to experience sexual IPV (RR = 2.46; 95% CI = 1.64, 3.69). Disparities persisted when comparing to cisgender women specifically. There was no significant difference in any IPV, physical IPV, or sexual IPV prevalence between assigned-female-sex-at-birth and assigned-male-sex-at-birth individuals, nor in physical IPV prevalence between binary- and nonbinary-identified transgender individuals. IPV victimization was associated with sexual risk, substance use, and mental health burden in transgender populations. Authors’ Conclusions: Transgender individuals experience a dramatically higher prevalence of IPV victimization compared with cisgender individuals, regardless of sex assigned at birth. IPV prevalence estimates are comparably high for assigned-male-sex-at-birth and assigned-female-sex-at-birth transgender individuals, and for binary and nonbinary transgender individuals, though more research is needed. Public Health Implications: Evidence-based interventions are urgently needed to prevent and address IPV in this high-risk population with unique needs. Lack of legal protections against discrimination in employment, housing, and social services likely foster vulnerability to IPV. Transgender individuals should be explicitly included in US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations promoting IPV screening in primary care settings. Interventions at the policy level as well as the interpersonal and individual level are urgently needed to address epidemic levels of IPV in this marginalized, high-risk population.
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Touquet, Heleen, Sarah Chynoweth, Sarah Martin, Chen Reis, Henri Myrttinen, Philipp Schulz, Lewis Turner und David Duriesmith. „From ‘It Rarely Happens’ to ‘It’s Worse for Men’“. Journal of Humanitarian Affairs 2, Nr. 3 (01.09.2020): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jha.049.
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Sexual violence against men and boys in conflict and displacement has garnered increasing attention over the past decade and has been recognised in UN Security Resolution 2467. Despite increased evidence and understanding of the issue, myths and misconceptions nevertheless abound. The authors of this article – practitioners and academics with extensive experience in the field – aim to dispel ten of the most common misconceptions that we have encountered, and to highlight the current evidence base regarding sexual violence against men and boys in humanitarian settings. We argue that just as there is no universal experience of sexual violence for women and girls, there is no universal experience for men and boys, or for nonbinary people. In order to address the complexities of these experiences, a survivor-centred, intersectional approach is needed.
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Allison, Rachel, und Chris Knoester. „Gender, Sexual, and Sports Fan Identities“. Sociology of Sport Journal 38, Nr. 3 (01.09.2021): 310–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2020-0036.
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Using data from the National Sports and Society Survey (N = 3,988), this study analyzes associations between gender, sexual, and sports fan identities. The authors find that only 11% of U.S. adults do not identify as sports fans at all; also, nearly half of U.S. adults identify as quite passionate sports fans. Women and nonbinary adults are less likely to identify as strong sports fans compared with men. Compared with identifying as heterosexual, identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or another sexual identity is negatively associated with self-identified sports fandom. Yet, gender and sexuality interact such that identifying as gay (or lesbian) is negatively associated with men’s self-identified sports fandom but not women’s fandom. These findings persist even after consideration of adults’ retrospective accounts of their sports-related identities while growing up and their recognition of sports-related mistreatment.
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Laidlaw, Leon, und Natasha Stirrett. „Unsettling the Conversation on Trans Rights“. TSQ 10, Nr. 3-4 (01.11.2023): 484–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/23289252-10900970.
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Abstract This article argues that trans rights are trapped within settler frameworks of gender and rights, therefore making them incompatible with and in opposition to Indigenous lifeways. Starting with the premise that engagement with the settler state is not benign, the authors argue that trans rights-based organizing diverts and thwarts the potential for solidarity work with Indigenous struggles for freedom and is inherently limited in its potential to secure Indigenous futurity. The authors hope that trans studies and collective struggles organized around gender embrace anti-colonial and anti-racist praxis to result in tangible and discursive outcomes to bolster Indigenous cultural continuity and land-based connections. The authors use this article to call for a collective movement toward gender self-determination that is sensitive and reflexive of settler colonialism and produces tangible decolonial actions that will benefit the lives of Indigenous Two-Spirit, trans, and nonbinary people and align with movements for Indigenous self-determination. Queer and trans settlers are urged to begin a process of accountability and to engage a decolonial praxis to support Indigenous decolonization in all its forms—fighting for land claims, defending water and land rights, and supporting the resurgence of Indigenous erotics and gender formations. To be truly decolonial we suggest that trans political organizing moves beyond the settler framework of rights and toward Indigenous solidarity in politics, practices, and shared struggles, foregrounding anti-colonial, anti-racist, and pro-Indigenous values.
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Murphy, Timothy E., und Jennifer A. Parks. „Degendering Parents on Birth Certificates“. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 66, Nr. 4 (September 2023): 579–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2023.a909728.
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abstract: Birth certificates typically designate parents as "mothers" or "fathers," although some US states offer nongendered designations. The authors argue that gendered characterizations offer scant legal or moral value and that states should move to degender parental status on birth certificates but retain that information in registrations of birth. Registrations of birth identify the person giving birth to a child, when, and where, and they report demographic and health information useful for civic and public health purposes. Birth certificates typically report a child's name, sex, date and location of birth, and parentage so far as known. As documents establishing parents' standing in relation to children and vice versa, as well as age and presumptive citizenship, birth certificates add no legal or moral value by gendering parents. Gendering parents on birth certificates obliges the state to rely on exclusionary criteria of "mother" and "father." By contrast, degendering parental status withdraws the need for such criteria and confers benefits on people with transgender and nonbinary identities, as well as undercutting any problematic presumption that parents have responsibilities to their children qua mother or qua father.
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Ismail Jalla, Ummanabiegh, und Irwan Martua Hidayana. „Queer Eye: The Urgency Of Self-Representation In The Study Of Coming-In Processes And Self-Acceptance Of Nonbinary Transgender Individuals“. Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi 4, Nr. 11 (21.11.2023): 1905–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.59141/jist.v4i11.784.
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The non-binary Trans identity is one of the marginal identities beginning to be recognized worldwide. Research articles and academic resources available on non-binarynonbinary Trans identities write about various aspects of the internal and external processes of self-acceptance of non-binary Trans individuals, including gender dysphoria, transphobic internalization, gender deconstruction, and environmental cisnormativity, with various concepts and theories that raise disparities and unanswered questions. In this literature review, the authors collected and critically analyzed 16 documents to fill theoretical gaps regarding research into non-binary Trans identities. It was found that research on non-binary Trans identities has gained popularity in the past decade. However, of the available sources of research articles, few studies have used queer theory to analyze experiences of non-binarynonbinary Trans identities
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Song, Wei, Yu Liu und Jinhong Li. „BAHUI“. International Journal of Data Warehousing and Mining 10, Nr. 1 (Januar 2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdwm.2014010101.
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Mining high utility itemsets is one of the most important research issues in data mining owing to its ability to consider nonbinary frequency values of items in transactions and different profit values for each item. Although a number of relevant approaches have been proposed in recent years, they incur the problem of producing a large number of candidate itemsets for high utility itemsets. In this paper, the authors propose an efficient algorithm, namely BAHUI (Bitmap-based Algorithm for High Utility Itemsets), for mining high utility itemsets with bitmap database representation. In BAHUI, bitmap is used vertically and horizontally. On the one hand, BAHUI exploits a divide-and-conquer approach to visit itemset lattice by using bitmap vertically. On the other hand, BAHUI horizontally uses bitmap to calculate the real utilities of candidates. Using bitmap compression scheme, BAHUI reduces the memory usage and makes use of the efficient bitwise operation. Furthermore, BAHUI only records candidate high utility itemsets with maximal length, and inherits the pruning and searching strategies from maximal itemset mining problem. Extensive experimental results show that the BAHUI algorithm is both efficient and scalable.
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Zlakishvili, Barak, und Amir Horev. „Gender disparities in high-quality dermatology research over the past 15 years“. International Journal of Women’s Dermatology 10, Nr. 2 (Juni 2024): e160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jw9.0000000000000160.
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Background: In the last 15 years, an increase in U.S. female dermatologists from 41 to 52.2% and a surge in female authorship (FAP) have been noted. Authorship is a pivotal objective measurement of academic productivity and, contribution as first or senior author, plays a major role in the promotion process of active physicians and faculty members. Objective: To validate, analyze, and clarify trends in FAP in high-quality dermatology research in the last 15 years. Methods: The Thomson Reuters Web of Science Journal Citation Reports 2021 was used to retrieve the 100 most-cited original articles from the top 5 dermatology journals (determined by 2021 impact factors) in 5 consecutive 3-year intervals between 2009 and 2023. Gender application programming interface, a gender algorithm, was used to identify FAP according to country of origin and first name. Monotonic trend test significance level was set at 5%. Results: In total, 14,187 articles were retrieved and subdivided into the 100 most-cited in 3-year intervals. A total of 418 first and 447 senior authors' gender were identified. FAP was found in 43%, 31%, and 37% of the first, last, and total authors. Trend analysis revealed a decrease in the last 15 years (S = −4610, P = .068) in senior FAP. Similarly, the trend persists in the United States (S = −1606, P = .052). Limitations: Due to the usage of a binary gender identification algorithm, Nonbinary gender could not be identified in this analysis. Conclusion: The last 15 years show an inverse relationship, with an increase in female dermatologists and a decrease in senior FAP in high-quality journals in the general dermatology community.
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Aryanpour, Zain, Dominic Min-Tran, Essie Ghafoor, Christopher Wojcik und Blair R. Peters. „Are We Teaching Evidence-Based and Inclusive Practices in Gender-Affirming Care? Perspectives From Plastic Surgery In-Service Examinations“. Journal of Graduate Medical Education 15, Nr. 5 (01.10.2023): 587–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-22-00611.1.
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Background Resident physicians take annual in-service examinations (ISEs) as part of continuing medical education, which set educational priorities, allow for formative feedback, and guide preparation for final board examinations. Gender-affirming care is provided in many specialties but has been an underrepresented area in medical education. Plastic surgeons provide a large portion of gender-affirming surgical care. Educational gaps in standardized ISEs may contribute to ongoing health care disparities for transgender and gender diverse people. Objective To evaluate the quality of content pertaining to gender-affirming surgery (GAS) on plastic surgery ISEs. Methods Plastic surgery ISEs from years 2012 to 2020 were accessed online through the American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons website in June 2022. All 5 gender diverse authors analyzed examinations for the presence of GAS questions; identified questions were analyzed for quantity, organization based on content category, affirming language, and accuracy against current guidelines. Results Of 1959 ISE questions available for review, 11 GAS questions were identified for a total frequency of 0.56%. Most GAS questions (6 of 11, 55%) were miscategorized. Inappropriate language, including misgendering of patients, occurred in 7 of 11 (64%) questions. No questions discussed GAS beyond chest or genital surgery, or common variations of these procedures. Transgender identities were represented as only binary, with no mention of nonbinary or gender-fluid individuals. Conclusions Our study illustrates that there are significant gaps in educational content pertaining to gender-affirming care on plastic surgery ISEs.
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Ascha, Mona, Dylan Felt, Lauren B. Beach, Swati A. Kulkarni und Sumanas W. Jordan. „ASO Author Reflections: Constructing a Transgender and Nonbinary Cohort to Analyze Breast Cancer Screening“. Annals of Surgical Oncology 29, Nr. 3 (27.10.2021): 1718–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1245/s10434-021-10978-z.
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Voss, Barbara L. „Documenting Cultures of Harassment in Archaeology: A Review and Analysis of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Studies“. American Antiquity 86, Nr. 2 (30.03.2021): 244–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2020.118.
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This article is the first of a two-part series to analyze current research on harassment in archaeology. Harassment has shaped the discipline of archaeology since at least the late 1800s. Since the 1970s, harassment has been recognized as a significant factor impacting gender equity in archaeology. Recent qualitative and quantitative research has verified that harassment occurs at epidemic rates in archaeology. Archaeologists are primarily harassed by other archaeologists, and harassment occurs not only in field research settings but also in classrooms, laboratories, museums, office workplaces, and conferences. Although women in archaeology experience a higher frequency of harassment, both men and women report harassment at disturbingly high rates. Archaeologists of color, LGBTQIA+ archaeologists, nonbinary archaeologists, and archaeologists with disabilities are also disproportionately harassed. As reflected in the author's own career experiences, harassment creates a cognitive burden for survivors and reduces access to professional opportunities, directly impacting diversity within archaeology. Fortunately, there are evidence-based interventions and policies that can reduce harassment and support survivors. These are discussed in the second article, “Disrupting Cultures of Harassment in Archaeology.”
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Uhlig, Tija. „Failing Gender, Failing the West“. TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 8, Nr. 2 (01.05.2021): 223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/23289252-8890607.
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Abstract Although nonbinary sex/gender has seen some attention in recent years in academia and popular culture, it is mostly seen through the lens of modernity, which views trans as a straight movement from one “gender identity” to another. This article aims to tell a story that is different from this narrative of modern trans identity. It is, therefore, written as an autoethnodrama rooted in the author's own embodied experience of (un)becoming genderqueer in a postsocialist borderland. The main theoretical threads are border epistemologies and the monstrous process of (un)becoming self/other, specified through the figuration of the genderqueer clown. The first scene of this drama is about orientation and clowning in a post-Soviet space in the 1990s. The second scene is about failing gender and failing the West/East divide in front of a public bathroom in 2019. The research-drama ends with drifting, drowning, and getting lost in a stream of body liquids. This opens up possibilities for affection and compassion in failing together with all the creatures who are filling that stream.
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Cronin, Brendan J., Sarah Fadich und Justine C. Lee. „Assessing Preferences of Facial Appearance in Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Patients“. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 07.11.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00266-023-03715-2.
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Abstract Background We designed a survey to evaluate preferences of facial appearance in transgender male (TM), transgender female (TF) and gender nonbinary patients to better inform goals of facial gender affirming surgery (FGAS) in gender nonbinary patients. Methods TM/TF and nonbinary patients > 18 years old were identified via retrospective chart review and distributed an anonymized survey via email from October 3 to December 31, 2022. To assess facial preferences, AI-generated and open-source portraits were edited to create five image sets with a range of features from masculine to feminine for the forehead, mandible/chin and hairline. Data were analyzed using Fisher’s exact tests and ANOVA in R-Studio. Results Survey response rate was 32% (180 patients identified via chart review, 58 respondents; TM = 5, TF = 39, nonbinary = 14). TM and TF patients as well as TF and nonbinary patients had significantly different preferences for all regions (p < 0.005; all series), while TM and nonbinary patients did not (p => 0.05; all series). TF patients consistently selected 4s with neutral or more feminine features. TM and nonbinary patients, however, demonstrated no consistent preference for either male or female features but rather a range of responses spanning extremes of both masculine and feminine options. When stratified by sex assigned at birth, nonbinary patients consistently identified preferences opposite to their assigned gender. Conclusion Gender nonbinary and TM patients appear to have uniquely individual preferences regarding facial appearance that do not fit into classically masculine or feminine patterns/phenotypes. As a result, we recommend individualized preoperative planning for FGAS to achieve the optimal result in these patient populations. Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Perleberg, Ellen, und Grace Elizabeth C. Dy. „Growing Up on the Wrong Side of the Mechitza: A Case Study of Contemporary Queer Jewish Language“. Journal of Jewish Languages, 25.05.2022, 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134638-bja10019.
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Abstract This article presents vocabulary and approaches for expressing LGBTQ+ identities and practices, which derive from Jewish tradition used by queer Jews in the Seattle area. From thirty-four semi-structured interviews with affiliates of Seattle Jewish life, the authors identify eight tokens of queer Jewish English vocabulary, including multilingual wordplay used to construct new terms for queer concepts, the mechitza as a spatial idiom for transgender identity, and “Talmudic genders” being reclaimed as contemporary nonbinary identities. Additionally, queer Jews utilize a variety of approaches to navigate Hebrew, from formal efforts like the Nonbinary Hebrew Project to invoking low-proficiency-driven circumlocution. These approaches demonstrate that queer Jews draw on a range of linguistic and cultural resources to describe their identities and experiences, and the distribution of queer language reflects the continued challenge cis-heteronormatively gendered religious practices present for queer Jews and the corresponding need for queer Jewish vocabulary to make space within them.
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Huber, Christian, Nadine Gerhardt und Jacob T. Reilley. „Organizing care during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of accounting in German hospitals“. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (30.03.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-08-2020-4882.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide insight into the roles of accounting in the management of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in five German hospitals.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted three rounds of interviews, ethnographic observations of meetings and document analyses in five German hospitals between February and August 2020.FindingsThe authors found that actors repeatedly used a central set of indicators (the number of beds for COVID-19 patients) when adapting a healthcare infrastructure to the pandemic. Accounting figures allowed actors to problematize prior configurations, organize processes to make uncertainty plannable and virtualize changes to resume treating non-COVID-19 patients.Practical implicationsThe authors offer suggestions about scenario planning and interorganizational learning which have implications for healthcare practitioners.Originality/valueThe authors contribute to the accounting in crisis literature by adding an organization-focused study. Adding nuance to key themes in the literature, they show how the organizations and the field level interact and how organizing locally preceded economizing. They also offer a nonbinary answer to the question of whether or not changes revert back to “normal” after a crisis event.
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Robinson, Brandon Andrew, und Amy L. Stone. „Trans family systems framework: Theorizing families' gender investments and divestments in cisnormativity“. Journal of Marriage and Family, 26.03.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12988.
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AbstractObjectiveThis article calls on family scholars to take seriously how families are invested and divested in maintaining and reproducing cisnormativity.BackgroundFamilies can be a prime institution for the reproduction of cisnormativity. For transgender and nonbinary family members, families' investment in cisnormativity can generate ambiguous and toxic familial relations. Yet, family studies have not developed an adequate framework to examine how and why cisnormativity operates within families.MethodThe authors engage with empirical and theoretical work on gender, intersectionality, and families to examine how cisnormativity operates within family dynamics and processes. This article also focuses on work about trans people and families to capture how cisnormative processes within families affect trans people's familial relations.ResultsThe authors advance a trans family systems framework to show how families' cisgender investments and divestments shape familial processes. The concept of cisnormative compliance is introduced to capture the beliefs and practices of obedience established by family members for the purpose of reproducing cisnormativity. Family studies can move forward in studying these cisnormative processes through documenting how gender accountability shapes family dynamics, implementing new methods, furthering an intersectional analysis, and exploring complexities of space and place.ConclusionTo reimagine gender and families, family scholars need to study and foreground how cisnormativity shapes family dynamics and processes.
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Kroehle, Kel, Jama Shelton, Emilie Clark und Kristie Seelman. „Mainstreaming Dissidence: Confronting Binary Gender in Social Work's Grand Challenges“. Social Work, 01.10.2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sw/swaa037.
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Abstract To genuinely embody its commitment to anti-oppression, social work must call on a critical gender framework in its response to the Grand Challenges for Social Work. Such an approach demands that social workers move beyond reactivity to thoroughly interrogate the binary gender system upholding the gendered injustices this special issue calls us to confront. This includes a consideration of the ways a binary gender system is ideologically linked to and acts together with constructs of whiteness, nationhood, citizenship, and ability. The present article seeks to complicate the lens such that gender is not a proxy for White cisgender womanhood but rather a call to unravel webs of normative thinking. Guided by transfeminist theory, the authors examine three grand challenges—climate change, technology, and advancing long and productive lives—in an effort to detail the current and historical function of the binary gender system as a tool for the subjugation of trans and nonbinary people and to explore social work’s role in building freer and more equitable futures.
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Kirk-Provencher, Katelyn T., Nichea S. Spillane, Melissa R. Schick, Sydney J. Chalmers, Courtney Hawes und Lindsay M. Orchowski. „Sexual and Gender Minority Inclusivity in Bystander Intervention Programs to Prevent Violence on College Campuses: A Critical Review“. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 10.06.2021, 152483802110216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15248380211021606.
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Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals are at increased risk for experiencing sexual violence. Bystander intervention training programs are a first-line prevention recommendation for reducing sexual and dating violence on college campuses. Little is known regarding the extent to which SGM individuals are represented in the content of bystander intervention programs or are included in studies examining the effectiveness of bystander intervention programs. The present critical review aimed to fill this gap in knowledge. Twenty-eight empirical peer-reviewed evaluations of bystander intervention programs aimed at reducing dating violence or sexual assault on college campuses were examined. Three studies (10.7%) described including content representing SGM individuals in the program. Personal communication with study authors indicated that—although not mentioned in the publication—many programs describe rates of violence among SGM students. When describing the study sample, six studies (21.4%) indicated that transgender, nonbinary, or students classified as “other” were included in the research. Approximately two thirds of studies (67.9%) did not describe participants’ sexual orientation. No studies reported outcomes specifically among SGM individuals, and two (7.1%) mentioned a lack of SGM inclusion as a study limitation. Work is needed to better represent SGM individuals in the content of bystander intervention programs and ensure adequate representation of SGM individuals in studies examining the effectiveness of bystander intervention programs.
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Bates, Trudy, Cati S. Thomas und Andrew R. Timming. „Employment discrimination against gender diverse individuals in Western Australia“. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (27.10.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-04-2020-0073.
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PurposeThis paper explores employment discrimination against gender diverse job applicants and employees in Western Australia (WA).Design/methodology/approachUsing grounded theory, this study draws on semi-structured interviews with respondents (n = 20) who identified as trans women, trans men, nonbinary or agender. Thematic analysis focused on the multiple dimensions of disadvantage experienced by respondents, including subtle, not so subtle and overt types of employment discrimination.FindingsThe authors’ results point to several reasons why gender diverse individuals (GDIs) may fear the labor market, including difficulties in concealing their stigma and acquiescence to discrimination. On the other hand, our results also point to sources of organizational support, including encouragement from direct line managers and colleagues who are also Allies.Practical implicationsThe results of the research have important implications for sociological frameworks surrounding dramaturgy, stigma, aesthetic labor, organizational silence and social identity. Practical implications for employers, employees, human resource (HR) professionals and trade unions are also articulated.Originality/valueWhereas previous studies have prioritized the discriminatory experiences of GDIs in the US and European labor markets, this study reports on gender diverse voices in WA. Furthermore, recent work on this topic has been experimental and largely quantitative, whereas the present study offers a compelling set of profound narratives, thereby addressing calls for qualitative research that foregrounds the complexities and nuances of lived experience for GDIs and renders their voices heard.
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Li‐Sauerwine, Simiao, Paul Logan Weygandt, Laura Smylie, Kelly Williamson, William Burns, Edgar Ordonez, Nicholas D. Hartman, Arlene S. Chung, Andrew R. Ketterer und Jaime Jordan. „The more things change the more they stay the same: Factors influencing emergency medicine residency selection in the virtual era“. AEM Education and Training 7, Nr. 6 (22.11.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aet2.10921.
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AbstractBackgroundInterviews for emergency medicine (EM) residency positions largely transitioned to a virtual‐only format in 2020–2021. The impact of virtual interview factors on applicants’ rank of programs is unknown.ObjectiveWe sought to assess the impact of modifiable factors in virtual interviews on applicants’ rank of EM residency programs.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional mixed‐methods survey of students applying to at least one of seven study authors’ EM residency programs in the United States during the 2020–2021 application cycle. The survey was developed using an interactive Delphi process and piloted prior to implementation. The survey was administered from May to June 2021 with up to four email reminders. Quantitative analysis included descriptive statistics. Three authors performed a thematic qualitative analysis of free‐text responses.ResultsA total of 664 of 2281 (29.1%) students completed the survey, including 335 (50.5%) male, 316 (47.7%) female, and six (0.9%) nonbinary. A total of 143 (21.6%) respondents identified as underrepresented in medicine and 84 (12.7%) identified as LGBTQIA+. Respondents participated in a median of 14 interviews and ranked a median of 14 programs. Most respondents (335, 50.6%) preferred a choice of in‐person or virtual, while 183 (27.6%) preferred all in‐person, and 144 (21.8%) preferred all virtual. The program website and interview social were the most important factors influencing respondent ranking. Qualitative analysis revealed several positive aspects of virtual interviews including logistical ease and comfort. Negative aspects include technical issues, perceived interview hoarding, and barriers to applicant assessment and performance. Demonstrated effort by the program, effective information delivery, communication of resident culture, and a well‐implemented interview day positively influenced respondents’ rank of programs.ConclusionsThis study identified characteristics of the virtual interview format that impact applicants’ rank of programs. These results can inform future recruitment practices.
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Kamen, Charles S., Umang Gada, Reece Lyerly und N. F. N. Scout. „Satisfaction with care, general health, and mental health among sexual and gender minority cancer survivors: Results of the OUT National Cancer Survey“. Cancer, 20.12.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.35164.
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AbstractBackgroundFew studies have attempted to characterize the cancer care experiences and outcomes of sexual and gender minority (SGM) patients with cancer, despite indications that this population experiences disparities across the cancer continuum. The current study used descriptive and exploratory methods to assess factors related to SGM cancer patients’ satisfaction with cancer care and self‐reported physical and mental health.MethodsThe authors designed a cross‐sectional self‐report online survey and recruited 3750 SGM cancer patient participants (mixed cancers; 85.6% White; 57% gay, 24% lesbian, 6.7% bisexual, and 6.2% transgender/gender nonbinary) using social media posts, partner organizations, and paid advertisements. They analyzed data using descriptive approaches and exploratory multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsOverall, 70.6% of participants reported feeling satisfied with the cancer care they received, 70% rated their physical health as very good or excellent, and 46% reported experiencing less than 5 days of poor mental health in the last month. In models including all participants, complete cases, and Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC), satisfaction with care was consistently associated with receiving treatment in an SGM welcoming environment. Physical health was consistently associated with having strong social support after cancer. Mental health was consistently associated with feeling safe disclosing SGM identities.ConclusionsSGM cancer patients treated in SGM‐welcoming environments were over six times more likely to be satisfied with the care they received than those treated in nonwelcoming environments; this and other modifiable factors could be the target of further study and intervention.
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Ingraham, Rachel Fisher, und Karen Joe. „Menstrual health during COVID-19: How water, sanitation, and hygiene strategies can improve menstrual health and hygiene and foster gender equality“. Adv Glob Health 2, Nr. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/agh.2023.1911325.
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Despite the fact that over 800 million women, girls, transgender, and gender nonbinary persons menstruate, menstrual health and hygiene (MHH) remains a taboo and under-resourced public health subject. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) insecurity, an issue made worse by the COVID-19 pandemic, plays a significant role in menstruators’ abilities to safely manage their periods. COVID-19 has further revealed how a continued lack of access to WASH resources hinders an individuals’ means to address their menstrual health with dignity. The impacts of COVID-19 have laid bare the many challenges associated with menstruation, intensifying existing inequalities for women, girls, and other menstruators. Mobility limitations and quarantining have created complex obstacles for menstruators while lockdown protocols, border closures, and panic buying have impacted the sanitary pad supply chain. Community and school closures have removed many of the routine ways in which menstruators access sanitary products. Our article seeks to understand how the pandemic and existing WASH systems exacerbated the ongoing challenges associated with MHH, highlighting opportunities for future crisis planning to advance MHH infrastructure, resources, and stigma reduction. A landscape analysis was used to understand how the pandemic affected those who menstruate. Academic, peer-reviewed literature as well as gray literature informed the authors’ understanding of the dynamic nature of COVID-19 and WASH infrastructure on menstruators. From these insights, the authors were able to identify emerging themes and trends that they have highlighted in this article. Water and sanitation programs have the power to improve gender equality and equity, health, and education by investing in menstrual hygiene infrastructure, awareness creation, and stigma reduction. The diversion of resources, and in particular WASH resources, toward pandemic-related hygiene supplies and mobility restrictions, however, have exposed menstruators to sexual exploitation and physical and mental strain. It is critical to understand and address the pandemic’s impacts on menstruators, drawing lessons from and creating opportunities to systematically advance MHH, thereby elevating gender equality.
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Gogovor, Amédé, Hervé Tchala Vignon Zomahoun, Giraud Ekanmian, Évèhouénou Lionel Adisso, Alèxe Deom Tardif, Lobna Khadhraoui, Nathalie Rheault, David Moher und France Légaré. „Sex and gender considerations in reporting guidelines for health research: a systematic review“. Biology of Sex Differences 12, Nr. 1 (20.11.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13293-021-00404-0.
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Abstract Background Despite growing recognition of the importance of sex and gender considerations in health research, they are rarely integrated into research design and reporting. We sought to assess the integration of sex, as a biological attribute, and gender, as a socially constructed identity, in published reporting guidelines. Methods We conducted a systematic review of published reporting guidelines listed on the EQUATOR website (www.equator-nework.org) from inception until December 2018. We selected all reporting guidelines (original and extensions) listed in the EQUATOR library. We used EndNote Citation Software to build a database of the statements of each guideline identified as a "full bibliographic reference" and retrieved the full texts. Reviewers independently extracted the data on use of sex and gender terms from the checklist/abstract/main text of guidelines. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis. Results A total of 407 reporting guidelines were included; they were published between 1995 and 2018. Of the 407 guidelines, 235 (57.7%) mentioned at least one of the sex- and gender-related words. In the checklist of the reporting guidelines (n = 363), “sex” and “gender” were mentioned in 50 (13.8%) and 40 (11%), respectively. Only one reporting guideline met our criteria (nonbinary, appropriate categorization, and non-interchangeability) for correct use of sex and gender concepts. Trends in the use of "sex" and "gender" in the checklists showed that the use of “sex” only started in 2003, while “gender” has been in use since 1996. Conclusions We assessed the integration of sex and gender in reporting guidelines based on the use of sex- and gender-related words. Our findings showed a low use and integration of sex and gender concepts and their incorrect use. Authors of reporting guidelines should reduce this gap for a better use of research knowledge. Trial registration PROSPERO no. CRD42019136491.
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Rudin, Joel, Tejinder Billing, Andrea Farro und Yang Yang. „When are trans women treated worse than trans men?“ Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 17.01.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-08-2021-0195.
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PurposeThis paper aims to test penis panic theory, which predicts that trans women will face more discrimination than trans men in some but not all situations.Design/methodology/approachRespondents were 262 American college students who were all enrolled in the same undergraduate course. They were presented with a case about coworker resistance to transgender employees' use of the workplace restrooms of their choice. Four versions of a case were randomly distributed as follows: trans woman, restroom with one toilet; trans woman, restroom with three toilets; trans man, restroom with one toilet and trans man, restroom with three toilets.FindingsThe authors observed greater discrimination against trans women compared to trans men when there was one toilet but not when there were three toilets. This supports penis panic theory.Research limitations/implicationsThe chief limitation was the use of American college students as respondents. The results may not generalize to practicing managers especially in other countries. Future researchers should develop a scale to measure situational discrimination against trans women. This study should be replicated in other contexts to deepen the understanding of discrimination against trans men and trans women with disabilities, as well as discrimination against nonbinary individuals who identify as neither trans men nor trans women.Practical implicationsEmployers need to search for situations in which trans women face greater discrimination than trans men, because they can be resolved in ways that protect the rights of transgender employees no matter how transphobic their coworkers may be. Also, employers need a nuanced approach to combat discrimination that recognizes the unique perspectives of trans men, trans women and other members of the transgender community.Originality/valueThis is the first quantitative study of penis panic theory, and it illuminates the understanding of discrimination against transgender individuals.
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Borowicz, Charlie, Laura Daniel, Regina D. Futcher und Donamarie N. Wilfong. „Transgender and non-binary patient simulations can foster cultural sensitivity and knowledge among internal medicine residents: a pilot study“. Advances in Simulation 9, Nr. 1 (20.03.2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41077-024-00284-5.
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AbstractTransgender and nonbinary patients face unique healthcare challenges, such as harassment, discrimination, and/or prejudice, at higher rates than their cisgender counterparts. These experiences, or even the fear of these experiences, may push patients to delay or forego medical treatment, thus compounding any existing conditions. Such extraneous issues can be combatted through cultural sensitivity. The authors designed blended education consisting of an online module followed by a live simulation to educate and promote sensitivity. Internal medicine (IM) residents (n = 94) completed the module, which introduced them to transgender community terminology and medical disparities, and ways to incorporate affirming behaviors into their practice. Afterward, they engaged in a simulation with true transgender-simulated patients (SPs) — either trans-masculine, trans-feminine, or non-binary. Residents were expected to conduct a patient interview mirroring an intake appointment. Residents then engaged in a debriefing session with the lead investigator and the SP to reflect on the experience, receive feedback and constructive criticism, and ask questions. After the education, the residents’ knowledge significantly increased, t(66) = 3.69, p ≤ 0.00, d = 0.45, and their attitude toward members of the transgender community also increased significantly, t(62) = 7.57, p ≤ 0.00, d = 0.95. Furthermore, nearly all residents (99%) reported the training allowed them to practice relevant skills and was a worthy investment of their time. Nearly half (45%) of the residents who listed changes they will make to their practice pledged to ask patients for their preferred name and pronouns. Most comments were positive (75%), praising the education’s effectiveness, expressing gratitude, and reporting increased confidence. Results provided evidence that the education was effective in increasing IM residents’ knowledge and attitudes. Further research is needed to investigate the longitudinal effects of this education and to extend the education to a broader audience. The investigators plan to adapt and expand the research to other specialties such as gynecology and emergency medicine.
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Chess, Shira, Adrienne Massanari, Holly Kruse, Mia Consalvo und Kelly Boudreau. „PLEASURE+GENDER+PLAY“. AoIR Selected Papers of Internet Research, 15.09.2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/spir.v2021i0.12092.
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From the start, play and game studies scholars have investigated the experiences of women and girls who play games online, as well as gendered assumptions around digital as well as non-digital play (Brunner et al., 2000; Bryce & Rutter, 2002; Delamere & Shaw, 2008; Fron et al., 2007a, 2007b; Pearce, 2009). Scholars have challenged ideas such as that girls and women have weaker gameplay skills than boys and men (Jenson & De Castell, 2008), that women are not interested in competitive play (Taylor, 2006), that girls and women are different in their play experiences and interests (Royse et al., 2007) and that women are not frequent or loyal players (Consalvo & Begy, 2015; Williams et al., 2009). However, there is still more to learn about how women, girls, boys, men, nonbinary and other individuals play, as well as how gender can play an important role beyond as an identity marker in playful expressions as well as normative expectations for play. This panel offers new ways of examining how gender, games, and other forms of online play, can be analyzed and understood. These four papers argue for a more nuanced understanding of gender and play, further challenging gaming culture’s preoccupation that certain games and certain styles of play are more “valid” than others (Consalvo & Paul, 2019). To do that, we offer fresh analytical tools, different theoretical lenses and underexplored sites for study. $2 “No Need For Speed” makes a unique contribution to gaming and play literature, offering a new articulation of the temporal experiences within and external to game play - especially in COVID/pandemic times. In particular, the authors argue that the concept of “slow gaming,” might offer new possibilities for both our experiences of play and the way that time within the games industry itself is being reconceptualized. The authors offer three different games as examples of how “slow gaming” challenges our relationship to play, domesticity, notions of gender, and labor practices within the gaming industry more broadly. This paper argues that playing slow games, or playing games slowly, might provide a unique political rejoinder to contemporary life under late capitalism. $2 Two papers in this panel bring underutilized theoretical frameworks to the study of gender and games: examining how socioeconomic class and boundary keeping intersect with gender and gameplay in important ways. The presentation “Working for hearts: Social class and time management games” reads popular casual games such as Sally’s Spa through an intersectional critique. Adding to gendered examinations of casual games (Chess, 2012, 2017), this paper brings in a critique of social class. It does so through exploring the classed positions of jobs in these games, as well as how the player’s agency is limited both through classed expectations of certain occupations as well as further undermined by particular design decisions and gameplay mechanics as well as game narratives. It demonstrates how class is an important aspect of identity that can help us better understand gaming representations. The second paper to bring in underutilized theory is “Gendered expectations of playing nice, boundary keeping and problematic/toxic behaviors in casual video game communities.” This paper offers a different way of understanding the role of toxic behavior and players in game communities: through the sociological lens of boundary keeping. While not dismissing the real effects of harassment, it explores how activities such as trolling and other problematic gameplay is defined differently within different player groups, how it can strengthen some in-game communities or spur the creation of groups dedicated to combating such problems, and in the process helping to further enrich and make more inclusive gaming culture. $2 “Girls, Platforms, and Play” examines an offline form of gendered play and competition – pre-teen and teen girls riding hobbyhorses – and how the activity has been differently contested and/or constructed on two platforms: YouTube and Instagram. Legacy media video content of hobbyhorse competitions uploaded to YouTube inevitably have led – given YouTube’s largely antisocial comment culture (Burgess & Green, 2018) – to hobbyhorsers’ activities to be delegitimized for a number of reasons by commenters: mainly, because it’s just girls playing with toys, not participating in a sport; or because it is an athletic endeavor, but its participants should compete in a “real” sport, like track and field; or because it’s not real equestrianism. Instagram's affordances, which help encourage connections among subculture participants and the creation of communities (Leaver, Highfield, & Abidin, 2020), have allowed hobbyhorse enthusiasts to create a space of their own online.
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Pillay, Jennifer, Samantha Guitard, Sholeh Rahman, Sabrina Saba, Ashiqur Rahman, Liza Bialy, Nicole Gehring, Maria Tan, Alex Melton und Lisa Hartling. „Patient preferences for breast cancer screening: a systematic review update to inform recommendations by the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care“. Systematic Reviews 13, Nr. 1 (28.05.2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13643-024-02539-8.
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Abstract Background Different guideline panels, and individuals, may make different decisions based in part on their preferences. Preferences for or against an intervention are viewed as a consequence of the relative importance people place on the expected or experienced health outcomes it incurs. These findings can then be considered as patient input when balancing effect estimates on benefits and harms reported by empirical evidence on the clinical effectiveness of screening programs. This systematic review update examined the relative importance placed by patients on the potential benefits and harms of mammography-based breast cancer screening to inform an update to the 2018 Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care's guideline on screening. Methods We screened all articles from our previous review (search December 2017) and updated our searches to June 19, 2023 in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL. We also screened grey literature, submissions by stakeholders, and reference lists. The target population was cisgender women and other adults assigned female at birth (including transgender men and nonbinary persons) aged ≥ 35 years and at average or moderately increased risk for breast cancer. Studies of patients with breast cancer were eligible for health-state utility data for relevant outcomes. We sought three types of data, directly through (i) disutilities of screening and curative treatment health states (measuring the impact of the outcome on one’s health-related quality of life; utilities measured on a scale of 0 [death] to 1 [perfect health]), and (ii) other preference-based data, such as outcome trade-offs, and indirectly through (iii) the relative importance of benefits versus harms inferred from attitudes, intentions, and behaviors towards screening among patients provided with estimates of the magnitudes of benefit(s) and harms(s). For screening, we used machine learning as one of the reviewers after at least 50% of studies had been reviewed in duplicate by humans; full-text selection used independent review by two humans. Data extraction and risk of bias assessments used a single reviewer with verification. Our main analysis for utilities used data from utility-based health-related quality of life tools (e.g., EQ-5D) in patients; a disutility value of about 0.04 can be considered a minimally important value for the Canadian public. When suitable, we pooled utilities and explored heterogeneity. Disutilities were calculated for screening health states and between different treatment states. Non-utility data were grouped into categories, based on outcomes compared (e.g. for trade-off data), participant age, and our judgements of the net benefit of screening portrayed by the studies. Thereafter, we compared and contrasted findings while considering sample sizes, risk of bias, subgroup findings and data on knowledge scores, and created summary statements for each data set. Certainty assessments followed GRADE guidance for patient preferences and used consensus among at least two reviewers. Findings Eighty-two studies (38 on utilities) were included. The estimated disutilities were 0.07 for a positive screening result (moderate certainty), 0.03–0.04 for a false positive (FP; “additional testing” resolved as negative for cancer) (low certainty), and 0.08 for untreated screen-detected cancer (moderate certainty) or (low certainty) an interval cancer. At ≤12 months, disutilities of mastectomy (vs. breast-conserving therapy), chemotherapy (vs. none) (low certainty), and radiation therapy (vs. none) (moderate certainty) were 0.02–0.03, 0.02–0.04, and little-to-none, respectively, though in each case findings were somewhat limited in their applicability. Over the longer term, there was moderate certainty for little-to-no disutility from mastectomy versus breast-conserving surgery/lumpectomy with radiation and from radiation. There was moderate certainty that a majority (>50%) and possibly a large majority (>75%) of women probably accept up to six cases of overdiagnosis to prevent one breast-cancer death; there was some uncertainty because of an indication that overdiagnosis was not fully understood by participants in some cases. Low certainty evidence suggested that a large majority may accept that screening may reduce breast-cancer but not all-cause mortality, at least when presented with relatively high rates of breast-cancer mortality reductions (n = 2; 2 and 5 fewer per 1000 screened), and at least a majority accept that to prevent one breast-cancer death at least a few hundred patients will receive a FP result and 10–15 will have a FP resolved through biopsy. An upper limit for an acceptable number of FPs was not evaluated. When using data from studies assessing attitudes, intentions, and screening behaviors, across all age groups but most evident for women in their 40s, preferences reduced as the net benefit presented by study authors decreased in magnitude. In a relatively low net-benefit scenario, a majority of patients in their 40s may not weigh the benefits as greater than the harms from screening whereas for women in their 50s a large majority may prefer screening (low certainty evidence for both ages). There was moderate certainty that a large majority of women 50 years of age and 50 to 69 years of age, who have usually experienced screening, weigh the benefits as greater than the harms from screening in a high net-benefit scenario. A large majority of patients aged 70–71 years who have recently screened probably think the benefits outweigh the harms of continuing to screen. A majority of women in their mid-70s to early 80s may prefer to continue screening. Conclusions Evidence across a range of data sources on how informed patients value the potential outcomes from breast-cancer screening will be useful during decision-making for recommendations. The evidence suggests that all of the outcomes examined have importance to women of any age, that there is at least some and possibly substantial (among those in their 40s) variability across and within age groups about the acceptable magnitude of effects across outcomes, and that provision of easily understandable information on the likelihood of the outcomes may be necessary to enable informed decision making. Although studies came from a wide range of countries, there were limited data from Canada and about whether findings applied well across an ethnographically and socioeconomically diverse population. Systematic review registration Protocol available at Open Science Framework https://osf.io/xngsu/.