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1
Loew, Katharina. Special Effects and German Silent Film. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463725231.
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In recent decades, special effects have become a major new area of research in cinema studies. For the most part, they have been examined as spectacles or practical tools. In contrast, Special Effects and German Silent Film, foregrounds their function as an expressive device and their pivotal role in cinema’s emergence as a full-fledged art. Special effects not only shaped the look of iconic films like Nosferatu (1922) or Metropolis (1927), but they are central to a comprehensive understanding of German silent film culture writ large. This book examines special effects as the embodiment of a “techno-romantic” paradigm that seeks to harness technology – the epitome of modern materialism – as a means for accessing a spiritual realm. Employed to visualize ideas and emotions in a medium-specific way, special effects thus paved the way for film art.
2
Arulkumaran, Nishkantha, und Maurizio Cecconi. Cardiac output assessment in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0136.
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Haemodynamic monitoring facilitates effective resuscitation and the rapid assessment of the response to time-dependent vasoactive and fluid therapyin different shock states. Since the introduction of the pulmonary artery catheter, several minimally and non-invasive CO monitoring devices have been introduced to provide continuous monitoring and a dynamic profile of fluid responsiveness. Several of these monitors provide additional haemodynamic parameters including dynamic indices of preload and volumetric indices. Patient outcome is dependent accurate acquisition and interpretation of data and subsequent management. Whilst data from CO monitors offer valuable information on global hamodynamics, they do not preclude tissue hypoperfusion. Furthermore, there is no ‘ideal’ CO value for an individual patient, and the trend in haemodynamic parameters in response to therapy may be more informative than the absolute values. CO monitoring should be based upon the patient’s needs, the clinical scenario, and the experience of the treating physician.
3
Scarani, Valerio. Bell Nonlocality. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788416.001.0001.
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Nonlocality was discovered by John Bell in 1964, in the context of the debates about quantum theory, but is a phenomenon that can be studied in its own right. Its observation proves that measurements are not revealing pre-determined values, falsifying the idea of “local hidden variables” suggested by Einstein and others. One is then forced to make some radical choice: either nature is intrinsically statistical and individual events are unspeakable, or our familiar space-time cannot be the setting for the whole of physics. As phenomena, nonlocality and its consequences will have to be predicted by any future theory, and may possibly play the role of foundational principles in these developments. But nonlocality has found a role in applied physics too: it can be used for “device-independent” certification of the correct functioning of random number generators and other devices. After a self-contained introduction to the topic, this monograph on nonlocality presents the main tools and results following a logical, rather than a chronological, order.
4
Bell, Christine. Myanmar: Interim Governance Arrangements: Comparative Principles and Practice. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2021.90.
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Comparative Principles and Practice The background to this brief is the context of the military coup in Myanmar in February 2021, and the declaration of a state of emergency by the military, which has effectively set aside the 2008 Constitution and the elections held under it. The coup has been rejected by the international community as illegitimate and has generated a strong civil disobedience and protest movement, and those elected in November 2020 have formed interim institutions aiming to move towards a democratic order. The military have also recently re-termed their post-coup regime as a ‘provisional government’. This brief sets out some comparative principles and practices of interim governance arrangements, which are a device often used to move on from crisis. The brief does not purport to offer direct advice as to the way forward in Myanmar, as that will be for all the relevant stakeholders in the country to agree. Rather, it seeks to support deliberation, and some questions for this purpose are provided at the end of the brief.
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Reimer, Marga, und Elisabeth Camp. Metaphor. Herausgegeben von Ernest Lepore und Barry C. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199552238.003.0033.
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Metaphor has traditionally been construed as a linguistic phenomenon: as something produced and understood by speakers of natural language. So understood, metaphors are naturally viewed as linguistic expressions of a particular type, or as linguistic expressions used in a particular type of way. This linguistic conception of metaphor is adopted in this article. In doing so, the article does not intend to rule out the possibility of non-linguistic forms of metaphor. Many theorists think that non-linguistic objects (such as paintings or dance performances) or conceptual structures (like love as a journey or argument as war) should also be treated as metaphors. Indeed, the idea that metaphors are in the first instance conceptual phenomena, and linguistic devices only derivatively, is the dominant view in what is now the dominant area of metaphor research: cognitive science. In construing metaphor as linguistic, the article merely intends to impose appropriate constraints on a discussion whose focus is the understanding and analysis of metaphor within contemporary philosophy of language.
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Jaszczolt, Kasia M. Pragmatic indexicals. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786658.003.0013.
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In this chapter Kasia M. Jaszczolt offers a pragmatic, contextualist account of the meaning of devices used for first-person reference that makes use of the post-Gricean idea of top-down modification of truth-conditional content. On this view, the indexical/non-indexical distinction becomes blurred because expressions on each side of the dichotomy can have indexical as well as non-indexical functions. She demonstrates how indexicality can be ‘pragmaticized’, and how the resulting ‘functional indexicals’ can be represented in her radical contextualist theory of Default Semantics.
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Menon, Ashok, Olga Lavryk, Haris A. Khwaja, John R. Bartholomew und Zubaidah Nor Hanipah. Thromboembolic Complications after Bariatric Surgery. Herausgegeben von Tomasz Rogula, Philip Schauer und Tammy Fouse. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190608347.003.0012.
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Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of early death after bariatric surgery, even in the laparoscopic era, accounting for up to a third of early deaths. While risk factors associated with the development of postoperative VTE in nonbariatric surgery are relevant in bariatric patients, it is now clear that both obesity and obesity-related diseases, such as obesity hypoventilation syndrome, pose an additional risk. Attempts have been made to standardize VTE prophylaxis for patients undergoing bariatric surgery, and early ambulation, mechanical compression devices, chemoprophylaxis, and inferior vena cava filters have all been studied extensively. However, the relative lack of high-quality evidence from randomized trials means that a consensus about what constitutes an ideal VTE prophylaxis regime has not yet been achieved.
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Capmany, José, und Daniel Pérez. Programmable Integrated Photonics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844402.001.0001.
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Programmable Integrated Photonics (PIP) is a new paradigm that aims at designing common integrated optical hardware configurations, which by suitable programming can implement a variety of functionalities that, in turn, can be exploited as basic operations in many application fields. Programmability enables by means of external control signals both chip reconfiguration for multifunction operation as well as chip stabilization against non-ideal operation due to fluctuations in environmental conditions and fabrication errors. Programming also allows activating parts of the chip, which are not essential for the implementation of a given functionality but can be of help in reducing noise levels through the diversion of undesired reflections. After some years where the Application Specific Photonic Integrated Circuit (ASPIC) paradigm has completely dominated the field of integrated optics, there is an increasing interest in PIP justified by the surge of a number of emerging applications that are and will be calling for true flexibility, reconfigurability as well as low-cost, compact and low-power consuming devices. This book aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to this emergent field covering aspects that range from the basic aspects of technologies and building photonic component blocks to the design alternatives and principles of complex programmable photonics circuits, their limiting factors, techniques for characterization and performance monitoring/control and their salient applications both in the classical as well as in the quantum information fields. The book concentrates and focuses mainly on the distinctive features of programmable photonics as compared to more traditional ASPIC approaches.
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Madassery, Sreekumar. Obtaining Hemostasis at Puncture Sites. Herausgegeben von S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan und Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0046.
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This chapter pertains to femoral artery access. Attaining an “ideal” access is essential for maximizing the chances of maintaining effective hemostasis. Deciding whether to perform arterial access closure using the gold standard of manual compression versus a vascular closure device (VCD) requires the operator to evaluate many characteristics of the patient. The location of the arteriotomy, vessel size, degree of calcification, use of anticoagulants, and sheath size during the procedure are the primary factors that need to be considered. The ISAR-CLOSURE study reported that use of VCDs was not inferior to manual compression. This chapter discusses applications and potential complications of VCDs.
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Garland, David. 1. What is the welfare state? Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199672660.003.0001.
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There are three general conceptions used for the welfare state: the first characterizes the welfare state as welfare for the poor; the second focuses on social insurance, social rights, and social services; and the third highlights economic management and the role that the ‘government of the economy’ plays in every welfare state. ‘What is the welfare state?’ explains that welfare states are varied, complex, and difficult to define. There is no simple theory that clearly expresses what they do, no simple vision that neatly captures what they are for. The welfare state is a damage-limiting, problem-solving device rather than anyone’s ideal social relationship.
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Paulo Guimarães, João. Experimental American Poetry and the New Organic Form. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350414914.
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Arguing that the 19th century concept of “living form” (the idea that, like an organism, a poem develops itself from within, according to an internal logic) is not, as some critics have argued, anathema to avant-garde writing, this book contends that the concept survived and flourished in the work of a number of contemporary experimental poets.Indebted to 19th century science, the notion of a “living form” endured throughout the 20th century and the poetic vanguard’s word games and collages mirrored the disjunctive frameworks that redefined how scientists made sense of life in the age of networks and non-linear systems. Featuring readings of texts from poets including Ed Dorn, A.M.J. Crawford, P.Inman, Chris Vitiello, and Christian Bök, this book shows how a number of vanguardist poets explores the commonalities they detected between nature’s processes of creation and their own methods of composition. In doing so, it highlights devices like punning, paragrammatic play, metamorphic figuration and memetic repetition, mechanisms these poets find at work in the cybernetic, genetic and digital systems they investigate in their poems.
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Kraut, Richard. The Quality of Life. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828846.001.0001.
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The Quality of Life: Aristotle Revised presents a philosophical theory about the constituents of human well-being. It begins with Aristotle’s thoughts about this topic, but often modifies and sometimes rejects them. The principal idea is that what Aristotle calls “external goods” (wealth, reputation, power) have at most an indirect bearing on the quality of our lives. A good internal life—the way in which we experience the world—is what well-being consists in. Pleasure is one aspect of this experience, but only a small part of it. Far more valuable is the quality of our emotional, intellectual, social, and perceptual experiences. These aspects of our existence make it potentially richer and deeper than the quality of life available to many other animals. A good human life is immeasurably better than that of a simple creature that feels only the pleasures of nourishment. Even if it felt pleasure for millions of years, human life would be superior. Contemporary discussions of well-being often appeal to a thought experiment devised by Robert Nozick, which holds that we should not attach ourselves to an “experience machine”—a device that manipulates our brains and gives us any illusory experiences of our choosing. This is thought to show that one’s interior life has little or no value on its own; that we must live in “the real world” to live well. In fact, however, this thought experiment supports the opposite conclusion: the quality of our lives consists in the quality of our experiences.
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Tiwari, Sandip. Information mechanics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759874.003.0001.
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Information is physical, so its manipulation through devices is subject to its own mechanics: the science and engineering of behavioral description, which is intermingled with classical, quantum and statistical mechanics principles. This chapter is a unification of these principles and physical laws with their implications for nanoscale. Ideas of state machines, Church-Turing thesis and its embodiment in various state machines, probabilities, Bayesian principles and entropy in its various forms (Shannon, Boltzmann, von Neumann, algorithmic) with an eye on the principle of maximum entropy as an information manipulation tool. Notions of conservation and non-conservation are applied to example circuit forms folding in adiabatic, isothermal, reversible and irreversible processes. This brings out implications of fluctuation and transitions, the interplay of errors and stability and the energy cost of determinism. It concludes discussing networks as tools to understand information flow and decision making and with an introduction to entanglement in quantum computing.
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Jourdan, Annie. Tumultuous Contexts and Radical Ideas (1783–89). The ‘Pre-Revolution’ in a Transnational Perspective. Herausgegeben von David Andress. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639748.013.006.
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The starting point of the French Revolution, or ‘pre-revolution’ has often been depicted as entirely national, because historians do not take seriously international connections and interactions. Yet, during the years preceding the fall of the Bastille, numerous cross-national debates and publications were discussing institutional and political relationships. Stimulated by the American Revolution and by the reforms devised by the French king, a huge debate about constitution, representation, human rights and patriotism was taking place in France. Indeed, the kingdom’s financial problems constrained Louis XVI to open a discussion with the French nation. Meanwhile, the American, Swiss and Dutch experiences and the Enlightenment had inspired the French people to new ideas about politics. The aim here is to discover how this change happened and whether it can be considered a precondition for the following revolutionary events.
15
van der Voort, Hein, und Peter Bakker. Polysynthesis and Language Contact. Herausgegeben von Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun und Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.23.
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Polysynthetic languages have been involved in a variety of language contact situations. In cases of occasional contacts, polysynthetic languages have been simplified, both by learners (approximate varieties) and native speakers (foreigner talk). Such simplified versions can be the source also of a number of pidgins based on polysynthetic languages. Those pidgins did not inherit the morphological complexity of the source languages, but instead use pronouns for person marking and largely analytic structures. Sometimes unanalyzed complex verbs are used, where the original meaning of the affixes does not play a role. The widespread idea that polysynthetic languages do not display lexical borrowings, but use internal word-building devices instead, should be qualified: loanwords are quite common in polysynthetic languages. In codeswitching, verbs stems rarely combine with foreign elements. Borrowing of pattern is more common than borrowing of matter, and areal diffusion of grammatical traits may lead to the proliferation of polysynthesis.
16
Funk, Tom. Web 2.0 and Beyond. www.praeger.com, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216034278.
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Web 2.0 has taken on buzzword status. It's now shorthand for everything that is new, cutting-edge, and gaining momentum online. Web 2.0 can describe particular Web sites; cultural trends like social networking, blogging, or podcasting; or the underlying technology that makes today's coolest Web applications possible. Many Web 2.0 innovations were pioneered by behemoths like Google, Amazon, Apple, YouTube, and MySpace. But even the smallest, leanest companies can take advantage of the new trends, new and open-source programming tools, and new networks. This book presents a wealth of ideas that will enable any business to quickly and affordably deploy Web 2.0 best practices to gain customers and maximize profits. Web 2.0 is more a series of trends than a basket of things: —More and more, power is in the hands of individual users and their networks. —Web content is distributed, sorted, combined, and displayed across the Web in formats and places not anticipated by the content creators. —New technology now makes rich online experiences and complex software applications possible, and at a low cost. —Integration is breaking down walls between PCs and mobile devices. Web 2.0 is a landscape in which users control their online experience and influence the experiences of others. Business success on the Web, therefore, now comes from harnessing the power of social networks, computing networks, media and opinion networks, and advertising networks. Web 2.0 takes advantage of higher bandwidth and lighter-weight programming tools to create rich, engaging online experiences that compete with television and other offline activities. With examples and case studies from real businesses, this book demonstrates what makes a successful Web 2.0 company, regardless of its size or resources. A non-technical guide, it is aimed squarely at the marketer or business manager who wants to understand recent developments in the online world, and to turn them into practical, competitive advantages.
17
Atkinson, Lucy, Andrew Blick und Matt Qvortrup. The Referendum in Britain. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823612.001.0001.
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The tumultuous Brexit experience demonstrated the potentially immense significance of the referendum to British politics. This episode demonstrated the importance of extensive assessment of this democratic device. One means of gaining greater understanding of the referendum is by considering it in the context of British history, both as an idea and as a practical instrument. This work fills a gap in the existing literature in considering the origins and implementation of referendums in Britain. It considers a number of themes that have arisen in the context of the most recent British referendum (on European Union membership in 2016): the place of referendums within British democracy; their particular application at given times; the reasons they are held; to whom they might and might not appeal and why; their consequences; and their tendency to generate controversy. It addresses the following overarching question: when and why did such votes take place in the UK? It also asks: (from the perspective of Britain) how did the idea of using the referendum develop; what was the significance of the international context for the advocacy and application of this device; how was it perceived; to what extent and how did it come to be incorporated into the political system; and what has been the significance of the referendum; especially from the perspective of the British constitution?
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Sullivan, Peg L. High Impact School Library Spaces. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400663314.
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To keep school libraries relevant, their physical spaces need to be reinvented to mirror 21st-century learning models. This book will enable everyone from school librarians and principals to district-level administrators, architects, and interior planners of school library spaces to reconceptualize school libraries. School libraries provide invaluable benefits and services, but many of today’s school administrators, parents, and students no longer see their value. Now most students have their own computing devices and the use of eBooks is on the rise; students can gather information anywhere, at any time. This book offers bold new ways to think about library spaces and suggests how libraries can provide the spaces needed to encourage students to explore learning. It also presents librarians with dynamic ideas and plans that can be used as a springboard for planning with school administrators, architects, and builders. The book identifies opportunities for creating spaces that support instructional models such as guided inquiry, examines technology skills needed after graduation, shows digital media hubs complementing maker spaces, and discusses how incorporating social media spaces into library design can encourage learning. The author guides librarians through the process of documenting the district learning goals in order to translate those specific goals into library space plans for an architect or interior designer. Readers will discover templates for flexible, up-to-date library designs that serve to not only improve students’ learning and critical thinking skills but also to emphasize the modern school librarian’s role in boosting academic achievement.
19
Klabbers, Jan. What Role for International Organizations in the Promotion of Community Interests? Reflections on the Ideology of Functionalism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825210.003.0006.
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This chapter examines the role of international organizations in promoting community interests. It describes ways in which international organizations contribute to formulating, maintaining, and enhancing community interests. Organizations can contribute to the community interest by serving as a platform for its formulation; through coercion of member states or others; by developing ideas and consensus concerning the community interest; and by relying on the ideology of functionalism. The notion of community interest does not exist in isolation from particular projects, and by definition assumes someone pouring meaning into it. Although this might seem a bad thing, it is not necessarily so. The term ideology is best seen as a methodological device for exposing aspects of reality that otherwise would remain hidden. The point is to recognize international organizations for what they are: Someone’s political project, dressed up in terms of the community interest and operated by the ideology of functionalist thought.
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Kockelman, Paul. Computation, Interpretation, and Mediation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190636531.003.0006.
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The chapter shows the fundamental importance of ideas from computer science to the concerns of linguistic anthropology (and to the concerns of culture-rich and context-sensitive approaches to communication more generally). It reviews some of the key concepts and claims of computer science (language, recognition, automaton, Universal Turing Machine, and so forth). It argues that the sieve, as both a physical device and an analytic concept, is of fundamental importance not just to anthropology, but also to linguistics, biology, philosophy, and critical theory. And it argues that computers, as both engineered and imagined, are essentially text-generated and text-generating sieves. In relating computer science to linguistic anthropology, this chapter also attempts to build bridges between long-standing rivals: face to face interaction and mathematical abstraction, linguistic relativity and universal grammar, mediators and intermediaries.
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Predelli, Stefano. Fictional Discourse. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198854128.001.0001.
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This book defends a Radical Fictionalist Semantics for fictional discourse. Focusing on proper names as prototypical devices of reference, it argues that fictional names are only fictionally proper names, and that, as a result, fictional sentences do not encode propositions. According to Radical Fictionalism, the contentful outcomes achieved by fiction are derived from the outcomes of so-called impartation, that is, from the effects achieved by the use of language. As a result, Radical Fictionalism pays special attention to fictional telling and to related themes in narrative fiction. In particular, the book proposes a Radical Fictionalist approach to the distinction between homodiegetic and heterodiegetic fiction, and to the divide between storyworlds and narrative peripheries. These ideas are then applied to the discussion of classic themes in the philosophy of fiction, including narrative time, literary translation, storyworld importation, fictional languages, inconsistent fictions, nested narratives, and narrative closure. Particular attention is also given to the commitments of Radical Fictionalism when it comes to discourse about fiction, as in prefixed sentences of the form ‘according to fiction F, … ’. In its final two chapters, the book extends Radical Fictionalism to critical discourse. In Chapter 7 it introduces the ideas of critical and biased retelling, and in Chapter 8 it pauses on the relationships between Radical Fictionalism and talk about literary characters.
22
Loew, Katharina. Special Effects and German Silent Film. Amsterdam University Press B.V., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9789048561766.
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In recent decades, special effects have become a major new area of research in cinema studies. For the most part, they have been examined as spectacles or practical tools. In contrast, Special Effects and German Silent Film, foregrounds their function as an expressive device and their pivotal role in cinema’s emergence as a full-fledged art. Special effects not only shaped the look of iconic films like Nosferatu (1922) or Metropolis (1927), but they are central to a comprehensive understanding of German silent film culture writ large. This book examines special effects as the embodiment of a “techno-romantic” paradigm that seeks to harness technology – the epitome of modern materialism – as a means for accessing a spiritual realm. Employed to visualize ideas and emotions in a medium–specific way, special effects thus paved the way for film art.
23
Sprigings, David. Taking the history. Herausgegeben von Patrick Davey und David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0003.
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The aim of doctors is to understand the patient and the disease. Taking the history is key to both of these objectives. Only through talking to patients can doctors can get to know them as people, and their personal experience of illness, and the history remains the richest source of information about their diseases. Most diagnoses are suggested by the history, with examination and investigation providing supporting and confirmatory evidence. By the same token, if doctors reach the end of the history without some idea as to the cause of the patient’s problem, they need to go back and retake it, because their chances of arriving at the correct diagnosis without this map to guide them are slim. History taking is a conversation with a purpose, not a cross-examination; as well as using questions, doctors often need to use other conversational devices to help the flow of information. This chapter looks at some aspects of history taking that are of particular relevance to diagnosis in internal medicine.
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Henderson, Andrea. Algebra. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809982.003.0003.
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The difference between the transcendent Coleridgean symbol and the unreliable conventional symbol was of explicit concern in Victorian mathematics, where the former was aligned with Euclidean geometry and the latter with algebra. Rather than trying to bridge this divide, practitioners of modern algebra and the pioneers of symbolic logic made it the founding principle of their work. Regarding the content of claims as a matter of “indifference,” they concerned themselves solely with the formal interrelations of the symbolic systems devised to represent those claims. In its celebration of artificial algorithmic structures, symbolic logician Lewis Carroll’s Sylvie and Bruno dramatizes the power of this new formalist ideal not only to revitalize the moribund field of Aristotelian logic but also to redeem symbolism itself, conceived by Carroll and his mathematical, philosophical, and symbolist contemporaries as a set of harmonious associative networks rather than singular organic correspondences.
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Solymar, Laszlo, Donald Walsh und Richard R. A. Syms. Electrical Properties of Materials. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829942.001.0001.
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A classic text in the field providing a readable and accessible guide for students of electrical and electronic engineering. Fundamentals of electric properties of materials are illustrated and put into context with contemporary applications in engineering. Mathematical content is kept to a minimum allowing the reader to focus on the subject. The starting point is the behaviour of the electron, which is explored both in the classical and in the quantum-mechanical context. Then comes the study of bonds, the free electron model, band structure, and the theory of semiconductors, followed by a chapter on semiconductor devices. Further chapters are concerned with the fundamentals of dielectrics, magnetic materials, lasers, optoelectronics, and superconductivity. The last chapter is on metamaterials, which has been a quite popular subject in the past decade. The book includes problems, the worked solutions are available in a separate publication: Solutions manual for electrical properties of materials. There is an appendix giving a list of Nobel Prize winners whose work was crucial for describing the electric properties of materials, and there are further appendices giving descriptions of phenomena which did not fit easily within the main text. In particular there is a quite detailed appendix that summarizes the properties of memory elements. The book is ideal for undergraduates, and is also an invaluable reference for graduate students and others wishing to explore this rapidly changing field.
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Meierhenrich, Jens, und Oliver Simons, Hrsg. The Oxford Handbook of Carl Schmitt. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199916931.001.0001.
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This chapter provides a detailed introduction to the thought of Carl Schmitt that incorporates insights from law, the social sciences, and the humanities. It is also an intervention in its own right, seeking to decenter the study of this most hyped thinker of the twentieth century by advancing two interconnected arguments. First, we argue that the motif of order is a powerful yet insufficiently utilized heuristic device for making sense of Schmitt’s thought. By placing the motif of order at its heart, we contradict the popular belief that no unifying thread runs through the jurist’s oeuvre. Second, we argue that a trinity of thought is discernable in Schmitt’s writings comprising his political, legal, and cultural thought. We establish intellectual connections across these three bodies of thought and trace the mutually constitutive relationships that exist among them. Schmitt’s thought, we find, amounted to a network of ideas about the sources of social order, the cement of society.
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Hamilton, Paula. The Proust Effect: Oral History and the Senses. Herausgegeben von Donald A. Ritchie. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195339550.013.0015.
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At least one of the five senses—sound, vision, touch, taste, and smell—is essential to all human experience. Oral history is no exception. The importance of the senses has taken new conceptual approaches to interpreting the nature of experience, first by anthropologists working with different cultures, then later cultural historians, that is, before these ideas became more widespread. This article traces the importance of the five senses in experiencing oral history with special reference to Marcel Proust. It is well known that senses can act as a mnemonic device or a trigger to remembering. The smell and taste of tea and madeleines stimulated Proust's recollection of his past, in one of the most famous of all literary passages about memory. Proust called it the involuntary memory. Oral histories are by nature, articulating experience in speech and language. This article further traces several ways by which one can consider the role of the senses in oral histories.
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Kapitaniak, Pierre. Staging Devils and Witches: Had Shakespeare Read Reginald Scot’s The Discoverie of Witchcraft? Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474427814.003.0003.
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Pierre Kapitaniak follows up on Laroque’s study by turning to witchcraft and demonology. Doing so, he examines the tenuous line distinguishing superstition from science, and analyses the staging of devils and witches in Shakespeare’s drama. Despite legends about King James I ordering it to be burnt, Reginald Scot’s The Discoverie of Witchcraft, was an ongoing success from the moment it was published, more often meeting with approval than with condemnation. Among those who approved of Scot’s ideas and who plundered them eagerly, were several generations of London playwrights. In The Discoverie of Witchcraft they found the buds of inspiration for all their supernatural figures that became so successful on Elizabethan and Jacobean stages, and one can only wonder whether the slow evolution from the usual supernatural paraphernalia (ghosts, demons, witches and wizards) towards more and more unbelievable figures, is not due to Scot’s widespread influence. Kapitaniak thus tries to reassess whether undisputable traces of Scot’s treatise can be found and ascertained in Shakespeare’s plays, and if his findings yield no easy conclusion, they offer fascinating hypotheses.
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Hartsfield, Danielle E., und Sue C. Kimmel. Genre-Based Strategies to Promote Critical Literacy in Grades 4–8. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400656316.
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Draws on critical and radical change theory to equip both aspiring and practicing library and teacher candidates with practical, research-based ideas for enacting critical literacy practices in middle grade libraries and classrooms. Genre Based Strategies to Promote Critical Literacy in Grades 4-8 provides strategies and lesson plans with additional resources and tools for school librarians and teachers to engage middle grade students in reading children's literature through a critical literacy lens. To be critically literate readers and thinkers, students must learn to question what they read, asking themselves who wrote the text, why the text was written, and how the text positions its readers and others. Teaching students how to read from a critical literacy stance is a timely and relevant practice in a world in which text is available instantly and on nearly any mobile device. In many cases, preparation programs for school librarians and teachers do not teach candidates how to incorporate critical literacy practices in library and classroom settings. This book provides both pre-service and in-service school librarians and teachers with that professional development and guidance for teaching critical literacy in children's literature courses.
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Imlay, Talbot C. The Cold War and European Security, 1950–1960. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199641048.003.0010.
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In examining European socialist responses to the issue of post-war European security, this chapter challenges the image of a continent irremediably divided along Cold War lines. Throughout the 1950s European socialists struggled to devise a stable and peaceful security order in a world of nuclear armaments and superpower rivalries. This struggle initially centred on the European Defence Community (EDC). For many socialists, the EDC offered a possible means not only of avoiding an independent German army but also perhaps of overcoming Cold War divisions. Following the EDC’s demise and West Germany’s integration into NATO, European socialists recentred their hopes on ‘disengagement’—the idea of creating a demilitarized and neutralized region in Central and Eastern Europe encompassing countries on both sides of the Iron Curtain. Indeed, during the late 1950s, European socialists emerged as the leading organized advocates of disengagement, working assiduously to keep the project in the public eye.
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Hoffman, Philip T., Gilles Postel-Vinay und Jean-Laurent Rosenthal. Dark Matter Credit. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691182179.001.0001.
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Prevailing wisdom dictates that without banks countries would be mired in poverty. Yet somehow much of Europe managed to grow rich long before the diffusion of banks. This book draws on centuries of loan data from France to reveal how credit abounded well before banks opened their doors. The book shows how a vast system of shadow credit enabled nearly a third of French families to borrow in 1740, and by 1840 funded as much mortgage debt as the American banking system of the 1950s. The book traces how this extensive private network outcompeted banks and thrived prior to World War I—not just in France but in Britain, Germany, and the United States—until killed off by government intervention after 1918. Overturning common assumptions about banks and economic growth, the book paints a revealing picture of an until-now hidden market of thousands of peer-to-peer loans made possible by a network of brokers who matched lenders with borrowers and certified the borrowers' creditworthiness. The book challenges widespread misperceptions about French economic history, such as the notion that banks proliferated slowly, and the idea that financial innovation was hobbled by French law. By documenting how intermediaries in the shadow credit market devised effective financial instruments, this compelling book provides new insights into how countries can develop and thrive today.
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Chiracu, Alina. Pretul frumusetii. Tulburarile alimentare si implicatiile psihosociale ale acestora. Editura Universitara, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5682/9786062813277.
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Frumusetea este in fiecare dintre noi... sub o forma sau alta. Frumusetea este o reflectare a ceea ce suntem in interior, in exterior, in minte si in trup, in toate adunate. Atunci cand ne raportam la standardele stricte de frumusete impuse de industria fashion sau media, frumusetea devine o tinta, adesea greu de atins, al carei pret poate deveni extrem de ridicat. Tulburarile alimentare se asociaza intr-o mare masura cu atingerea standardelor de frumusete, cu dorinta de a avea un corp subtire, cu visul de a avea un aspect perfect. Pare greu de suportat gandul ca nu suntem impecabili, suntem invatati sa ne raportam la un ideal pentru atingerea caruia facem eforturi adesea dureroase. Ne comparam cu ceilalti, ne pozitionam mai sus sau mai jos, uitand ca suntem mai mult decat corpul nostru, uitand ca este atat de simplu sa ne acceptam pur si simplu, sa fim de acord cu ceea ce este natural si autentic in noi. Meritam sa ne simtim frumosi, sa ne iubim pentru ceea ce suntem si sa mentinem un echilibru intre aspectul nostru si starea de sanatate fizica si psihica. Putem avea grija de corpul nostru si fara sacrificii, dar numai atunci cand intelegem ca adevarata frumusete nu este impusa de niste standarde, ci exista in sine, atunci cand ii permitem sa se exprime liber.
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Ravetto-Biagioli, Kriss. Digital Uncanny. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190853990.001.0001.
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We are confronted with a new type of uncanny experience, an uncanny evoked by parallel processing, aggregate data, and cloud-computing. The digital uncanny does not erase the uncanny feeling we experience as déjà vu or when confronted with robots that are too lifelike. Today’s uncanny refers to how nonhuman devices (surveillance technologies, algorithms, feedback, and data flows) anticipate human gestures, emotions, actions, and interactions, intimating we are machines and our behavior is predicable because we are machinic. It adds another dimension to those feelings we get when we question whether our responses are subjective or automated—automated as in reducing one’s subjectivity to patterns of data and using those patterns to present objects or ideas that would then elicit one’s genuinely subjective—yet effectively preset—response. This anticipation of our responses is a feedback loop we have produced by designing software that studies our traces, inputs, and moves. Digital Uncanny explores how digital technologies, particularly software systems working through massive amounts of data, are transforming the meaning of the uncanny that Freud tied to a return of repressed memories, desires, and experiences to their anticipation. Through a close reading of interactive and experimental art works of Rafael Lozano-Hemmer, Bill Viola, Simon Biggs, Sue Hawksley, and Garth Paine, this book is designed to explore how the digital uncanny unsettles and estranges concepts of “self,” “affect,” “feedback,” and “aesthetic experience,” forcing us to reflect on our relationship with computational media and our relationship to others and our experience of the world.
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Rid, Thomas, und Marc Hecker. War 2.0. Praeger Security International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216033455.
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War 2.0: Irregular Warfare in the Information Age argues that two intimately connected grassroots trends—the rise of insurgencies and the rise of the web—are putting modern armies under huge pressure to adapt new forms of counterinsurgency to new forms of social war. After the U.S. military—transformed into a lean, lethal, computerized force—faltered in Iraq after 2003, a robust insurgency arose. Counterinsurgency became a social form of war—indeed, the U.S. Army calls it "armed social work"—in which the local population was the center of gravity and public opinion at home the critical vulnerability. War 2.0 traces the contrasting ways in which insurgents and counterinsurgents have adapted irregular conflict to novel media platforms. It examines the public affairs policies of the U.S. land forces, the British Army, and the Israel Defense Forces. Then, it compares the media-related counterinsurgency methods of these conventional armies with the methods devised by their irregular adversaries, showing how such organizations as al-Qaeda, the Taliban, and Hezbollah use the web, not merely to advertise their political agenda and influence public opinion, but to mobilize a following and put violent ideas into action.
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Owens, Thomas. Wordsworth, Coleridge, and 'the language of the heavens'. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840862.001.0001.
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This book explores some of the exultant visions inspired by Wordsworth’s and Coleridge’s close scrutiny of the night sky, the natural world, and the domains of science. It examines a set of scientific patterns drawn from natural, geometric, celestial, and astronomical sources which Wordsworth and Coleridge used to express their ideas about poetry, religion, literary criticism, and philosophy. It establishes the central important of analogy in their creative thinking. Analogies prompted the poets’ imaginings in geometry and cartography, in nature (representations of the Moon) and natural history (studies of spider-webs, streams, and dew), in calculus and conical refraction, and in the discovery of infra-red and ultraviolet light. Although this is primarily a study of the patterns which inspired their writing, the findings overturn the prevalent critical consensus that Wordsworth and Coleridge did not have the access, interest, or capacity to understand the latest developments in nineteenth-century astronomy and mathematics, which they did in fact possess. This research reinstates many relationships which the poets had with scientists and their sources. Most significantly, the book illustrates that these sources are not simply another context or historical lens through which to engage with Wordsworth’s and Coleridge’s work but are instead a controlling device of the symbolic imagination. Exploring the structures behind Wordsworth’s and Coleridge’s poems and metaphysics stakes out a return to the evidence of the Romantic imagination, not for its own sake, but in order to reveal that their analogical configuration of the world provided them with a scaffold for thinking, an intellectual orrery which ordered artistic consciousness and which they never abandoned.
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Manzo, V. J. Max/MSP/Jitter for Music. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199777679.001.0001.
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In Max/MSP/Jitter for Music, expert author and music technologist V. J. Manzo provides a user-friendly introduction to a powerful programming language that can be used to write custom software for musical interaction. Through clear, step-by-step instructions illustrated with numerous examples of working systems, the book equips you with everything you need to know in order to design and complete meaningful music projects. The book also discusses ways to interact with software beyond the mouse and keyboard through use of camera tracking, pitch tracking, video game controllers, sensors, mobile devices, and more. This book will be of special value for everyone who teaches music at any level, from classroom instructors to ensemble directors to private studio instructors. Whether you want to create simple exercises for beginning performers or more complex programs for aspiring composers, this book will show you how to write customized software that can complement and even inspire your instructional objectives. No specialist foreknowledge is required to use this book to enliven your experience with music technology. Even musicians with no prior programming skills can learn to supplement their lessons with interactive instructional tools, to develop adaptive instruments to aid in composition and performance activities, and to create measurement tools with which to conduct research. This book allows you to: -Learn how to design meaningful projects for composition, performance, music therapy, instruction, and research -Understand powerful software through this accessible introduction, written for beginners -Follow along through step-by-step tutorials -Grasp the principles by downloading the extensive software examples from the companion website This book is ideal for: -Music educators at all levels looking to integrate software in instruction -Musicians interested in how software can improve their practice and performance -Music composers with an interest in designing interactive music -Music therapists looking to tailor programs to the needs of specific groups or individuals And all who are interested in music technology. Visit the companion website at www.oup.com/us/maxmspjitter
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Kenworthy, Lane. Would Democratic Socialism Be Better? Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197636800.001.0001.
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The case for a modern democratic humane socialism typically has two parts. The first is that capitalism is bad, at or least not very good. In reaching this conclusion, most have either analyzed a theoretical ideal-type of capitalism or used a single country, often the United States, as a stand-in for capitalism. To fully and fairly assess democratic socialism’s desirability, we need to compare it to the best version of capitalism that humans have devised: social democratic capitalism, or what is often called the Nordic model. Each chapter in this book examines one of the things that we should want in a good society, that contemporary democratic socialists typically say they want, and that socialism might, conceivably, improve our ability to achieve: an end to poverty in rich countries, an end to poverty everywhere, more jobs, decent jobs, faster economic growth, inclusive growth, more public goods and services, affordable healthcare for all, helpful finance, truly democratic politics, economic democracy, less economic inequality, gender and racial equality, more community, and a livable planet. The book offers a close look at the evidence about how capitalist economies have performed on these outcomes, with particular attention to the performance of social democratic capitalism. The second part of the case for democratic socialism is the notion that it would be an improvement. For each of these outcomes, the book considers what, if anything, we can conclude about whether democratic socialism would do better than social democratic capitalism.
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Einstein, Mara. Advertising. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190625887.001.0001.
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3000. That's the number of marketing messages the average American confronts on a daily basis from TV commercials, magazine and newspaper print ads, radio commercials, pop-up ads on gaming apps, to pre-roll on YouTube videos and native advertising on mobile news apps. These commercial messages are so pervasive that we cannot help but be affected by perpetual come-ons to keeping buying. Over the last decade, advertising has become more devious, more digital, and more deceptive, with an increasing number of ads designed to appear to the untrained eye to be editorial content. It's easy to see why. As we have become smarter at avoiding ads, advertisers have become smarter about disguising them. Mara Einstein exposes how our shopping, political and even dating preferences are unwittingly formed by brand images and the mythologies embedded in them. Advertising: What Everyone Needs to Know® helps us combat the effects of manipulative advertising, and enables the reader to understand how marketing industries work in the digital age, particularly in their uses and abuses of Big Data. Most importantly, it awakens us to advertising's subtle and not so subtle impact on our lives-both as individuals and as a global society. What ideas and information are being communicated to us-and to what end?
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Wise, Timothy E. Yodeling and Meaning in American Music. University Press of Mississippi, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496805805.001.0001.
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Considering yodeling as a musical device in American music, this book investigates in parallel two ways of understanding various meanings associated with yodeling: as the connotative functions of yodeling within specific musical texts and as the ideological implications of its use. It aims to provoke a reflection on the concept of singing and received cultural ideas associated with it. Starting with the premise that music is a discursive practice that is itself inseparable from a critical verbal discourse about music, the book interrogates the relationship between yodeling and predominating musical orthodoxy. Through a critical examination of that relationship, the book explores numerous examples of yodeling in American music, questioning why it achieved prominence and status in some genres and not in others and attempting to account for the relatively low prestige accorded to music featuring yodeling. After defining yodeling and classifying the yodel types found in American vocal styles, the book traces yodeling’s history from early references to the practice in European art music, through its appearance in nineteenth-century Alpine-themed songs of the romantic era, its introduction into American music and the blending of European-style yodeling with African American singing styles, to its prominent role in early country music and in western-themed music. The approach is informed by critical musicology and semiotics, focusing on sound patterns, the development of their semantic associations in various contexts, and the relationship of that music to predominating tastes. A final chapter seeks to explain why yodeling continues to remain at the margins of mainstream tastes.
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Sepúlveda, Jovanny. Luces y sombras de la constitucionalizacion en la justicia. CUA - Medellin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.52441/der201806.
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Atendiendo al trabajo colaborativo de la Red Interinstitucional -Derecho Procesal y Justicia- y al esfuerzo mancomunado de diferentes maestros que presentan los productos resultados de sus investigaciones, Instituciones de Educación Superior, y al Colegio de Jueces y Fiscales, se presenta para la discusión de la comunidad académica y científica, el libro resultado de investigación titulado Luces y sombras de la constitucionalización en la justicia, socializado en el V Seminario Internacional sobre el Proceso y la Justicia, realizado en Medellín, Colombia, en Plaza Mayor. Se propuso el tema de la constitucionalización, por considerarlo de suma importancia en el derecho procesal y en el mundo jurídico en general, entendiendo que produce efectos directos, desde la juridización con el precedente constitucional, la producción de normas y las transformaciones de las sociedades. Se encontrarán temas de discusión necesarios para la actualidad en la formación jurídica e interdisciplinar de los futuros abogados del país, y para el debate en el mundo operativo del derecho. Entre otros asuntos, se analizan y se presentan reflexiones sobre el reconocimiento de los límites sociológicos, se cuestiona sobre quiénes son los verdaderos formalistas en la teoría de la decisión judicial, quién debe defender 10 la Constitución desde el punto de vista de Schmitt y Kelsen, se habla sobre la tutela colectiva de derechos en las nuevas tendencias procesales, se presentan reflexiones sobre el acceso a la información ambiental y el secreto empresarial, pasando por la promoción del derecho a la convivencia pacífica, la minería en Colombia, el sacrificio de la tutela judicial efectiva, el derecho privado y la sanción penal, la seguridad social y su fundamentalidad, la violación de los derechos humanos en Argentina en las décadas de los 70 y 80 y el abordaje jurídico en la salida democrática, la decisión judicial desde los derechos fundamentales, el análisis sobre la propiedad privada como derecho sin límite, para terminar con las reflexiones frente a la conciliación en la propiedad intelectual desde la constitucionalización en Colombia. Es posiblemente temprano todavía en Colombia para presentar en su totalidad los efectos de la constitucionalización del derecho, ya que se requiere promover su difusión e investigación, por lo tanto, desde la Red, se pretende abrir camino para que progresivamente se continúen los estudios sistemáticos y sistémicos frente a la importancia del tema planteado. Asimismo, se hace una resignificación de la Constitución como la norma de normas y la importancia de los principios y las reglas constitucionales, desde los productos resultados de investigación de cada uno de los autores, en donde se observa que queda atrás la doctrina de Montesquieu, referente a la constitución programática, en donde la norma constitucional debía contar con la ley, desconociendo que la Constitución tiene carácter normativo y más que ley, es considerada como la ley suprema. Se debe comprender que el proceso judicial actualmente, necesita estar humanizado, tal como lo plantea el profesor Devis Echandía, de forma tal que se procure la inmediación del juez con los justiciables, comprendiendo que se trata de actuaciones de personas que juzgan a otras personas, por lo que es tan importante tener en cuenta los derechos fundamentales, de acuerdo a los estudios de gran impacto en Latinoamérica y en el mundo de los profesores Michelle Taruffo y Domingo 11 García Belaúnde se tendría una real constitucionalización de la justicia. Por ello la academia, la investigación y los versados en el conocimiento disciplinar del derecho en Colombia, proponen difundir entre los fines esenciales del Estado–como lo establece la Constitución Política – el predominio de la convivencia pacífica, sin maltratos emocionales, jurídicos, legales o constitucionales, promoviendo la vigencia de un orden justo para todos. En manos de los diferentes operadores jurídicos, abogados defensores, jueces de la República, abogados de los consultorios jurídicos y centros de conciliación, entre otros, se encuentra el entender que las personas no solo entregan sus problemas jurídicos, legales o contractuales, sino que también entregan su confianza, su ser, una vida, un sentir, una vivencia y, por ende, una realidad o un conflicto social; y los operadores jurídicos no podemos ser inferiores a esa expectativa, porque ante todo se debe tener en cuenta lo humano, el ser holístico. La sociedad suplica jueces y operadores jurídicos que obren con sensibilidad y, en este sentido, se plantea la idea de promover, difundir, posicionar e investigar sobre la humanización con la constitucionalización de la justicia. Teniendo en cuenta todo lo anterior, se plantean los nuevos modelos procesales, precisamente en la constitucionalización del derecho procesal, humanizando el proceso judicial para cumplir la función social de interés público, entre otros, el lograr la armonía social, reconociendo ante todo al ser humano.