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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Non-conventional models“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Non-conventional models"
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Attena, F. „Causal models in conventional and non-conventional medicines“. Medical Hypotheses 53, Nr. 3 (September 1999): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/mehy.1998.0739.
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Alber, Hans-Dieter, Carsten Broese, Charalampos Tsakmakis und Dimitri Beskos. „Non-Conventional Thermodynamics and Models of Gradient Elasticity“. Entropy 20, Nr. 3 (08.03.2018): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20030179.
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Vaiani, Lorenzo, Antonio Emmanuele Uva und Antonio Boccaccio. „Lattice Models: Non-Conventional simulation methods for mechanobiology“. Journal of Biomechanics 181 (März 2025): 112555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112555.
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Silva, C. M., und L. M. S. S. Castro. „Continuum damage models with non-conventional finite element formulations“. International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics 45, Nr. 2 (März 2010): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2009.09.005.
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Bagheri, Hamidreza, Sattar Ghader und Negin Hatami. „Solubility of Ibuprofen in Conventional Solvents and Supercritical CO2: Evaluation of Ideal and Non-Ideal Models“. Chemistry & Chemical Technology 13, Nr. 1 (05.03.2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht13.01.001.
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Hayes, Linda J., und Diana Delgado. „Invited Commentary on Animal Models in Psychiatry: Animal Models of Non-conventional Human Behavior“. Behavior Genetics 37, Nr. 1 (16.12.2006): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10519-006-9126-z.
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Atangana, Abdon, und Sonal Jain. „Models of fluid flowing in non-conventional media: New numerical analysis“. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S 13, Nr. 3 (2020): 467–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/dcdss.2020026.
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Broglia, R. A., G. Tiana und D. Provasi. „Simple models of protein folding and of non-conventional drug design“. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 16, Nr. 6 (30.01.2004): R111—R144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/16/6/r02.
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Wanas, M. I. „Non-Conventional Origin of Large-Scale Magnetic Fields“. Symposium - International Astronomical Union 140 (1990): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900191041.
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One of the models constructed (Wanas, 1985) within the framework of the generalized field theory (Mikhail and Wanas, 1977) is found to give results in favour of Blackett's speculation concerning rotation and the origin of magnetic fields. The formula giving the surface polar magnetic field of a spherical body of mass M, radius R, and uniform rotational velocity w is given by (Mikhail and Wanas, 1989) In case of a typical galaxy, the model gives a magnetic field of the order of 10-5 Gauss.
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Kovalenko, Timofey V., und Elena G. Sarkisova. „Theoretical Aspects of the Museum’s Communication Strategy: Conventional and Non-Conventional Communication Channels“. Izvestia Ural Federal University Journal Series 1. Issues in Education, Science and Culture 28, Nr. 2 (2022): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv1.2022.28.2.031.
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Perspective aspects of the development of the domestic theory of museum communication are considered. The object of the research is the interdisciplinary discourse of the general field of communication theories. The subject of the research is the theoretical models applicable for structuring museum communication channels. The authors substantiate the need to focus the communication strategy of a modern museum not only on conventional communication channels, but also on long-term prospects for nonconventional connections. The presented typology of conventional and non-conventional channels in the structure of museum communication makes it possible to determine the basic components of the communication process along two main channels: “Society → Museum → Society”; “Museum → Society → Museum”. The communication strategies of a modern museum, considering the potential of both channels, will be more efficient and will enhance the value of storage objects at the lowest cost.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Non-conventional models"
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Li, Zhiyi. „Sub-grid models for Large Eddy Simulation of non-conventional combustion regimes“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/286444/5/contratZL.pdf.
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Novel combustion technologies ensuring low emissions, high efficiency and fuel flexibility are essential to meet the future challenges associated to air pollution, climate change and energy source shortage, as well as to cope with the increasingly stricter environmental regulation. Among them, Moderate or Intense Low oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion has recently drawn increasing attention. MILD combustion is achieved through the recirculation of flue gases within the reaction region, with the effect of diluting the reactant streams. As a result, the reactivity of the system is reduced, a more uniform reaction zone is obtained, thus leading to decreased NOx and soot emissions. As a consequence of the dilution and enhanced mixing, the ratio between the mixing and chemical time scale is strongly reduced in MILD combustion, indicating the existence of very strong interactions between chemistry and fluid dynamics. In such a context, the use of combustion models that can accurately account for turbulent mixing and detailed chemical kinetics becomes mandatory.Combustion models for conventional flames usually rely on the assumption of time-scale separation (i.e. flamelets and related models), which constrain the thermochemical space accessible in the numerical simulation. Whilst the use of transported PDF methods appears still computationally prohibitive, especially for practical combustion systems, there are a number of closures showing promise for the inclusion of detailed kinetic mechanisms with affordable computational cost. They include the Partially Stirred Reactor (PaSR) approach and the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) model.In order to assess these models under non-conventional MILD combustion conditions, several prototype burners were selected. They include the Adelaide and Delft jet-in-hot coflow (JHC) burners, and the Cabra lifted flames in vitiated coflow. Both Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) and Large Eddy Simulations (LES) were carried out on these burners under various operating conditions and with different fuels. The results indicate the need to explicitly account for both the mixing and chemical time scales in the combustion model formulation. The generalised models developed currently show excellent predictive capabilities when compared with the available, high-fidelity experimental data, especially in their LES formulations. The advanced approaches for the evaluation of the mixing and chemical time scale were compared to several conventional estimation methods, showing their superior performances and wider range of applications. Moreover, the PaSR approach was compared with the steady Flamelet Progress Variable (FPV) model on predicting the lifted Cabra flame, proving that the unsteady behaviours associated to flame extinction and re-ignition should be appropriately considered for such kind of flame.Because of the distributed reaction area, the reacting structures in MILD combustion can be potentially resolved on a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) grid. To investigate that, a comparative study benchmarking the LES predictions for the JHC burner obtained with the PaSR closure and two implicit combustion models was carried out, with the implicit models having filtered source terms coming directly from the Arrhenius expression. Theresults showed that the implicit models are very similar with the conventional PaSR model on predicting the flame properties, for what concerns the mean and root-mean-square of the temperature and species mass fraction fields.To alleviate the cost associated to the use of large kinetic mechanisms, chemistry reduction and tabulation methods to dynamically reduce their size were tested and benchmarked, allowing to allocate the computational resources only where needed. Finally, advanced post-processing tools based on the theory of Computational Singular Perturbation (CSP) were employed to improve the current understanding of flame-turbulence interactions under MILD conditions, confirming the important role of both autoignition and self propagation in these flames.Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie
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Duval, Cyrielle. „Glycation : an additional biomarker of aging in mammals ? : insights from non-conventional species“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAJ068.
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Les réactions de glycation sont reconnues pour leur contribution au vieillissement et aux pathologies chroniques associées chez l'homme. Cependant, peu d'études se sont penchées sur cette réaction chez des espèces autres que l'homme ou les modèles animaux de laboratoire classiques, alors que certaines espèces sauvages semblent présenter une résistance aux effets délétères des glycations sur la santé. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons donc d’explorer les liens entre glycation des protéines, sénescence et traits d’histoire de vie chez différentes espèces de mammifères non conventionnelles. Nos travaux montrent que les taux de protéines glyquées augmentent de manière significative chez les espèces à rythme de vie plus lent, suggérant l’existence d’une tolérance aux effets néfastes des protéines glyquées chez les espèces plus longévives. D’autre part, nous montrons que les chauves-souris semblent manifester une résistance et/ou une tolérance accrue aux glycations par rapport aux autres mammifères. Il semble que la glycation des protéines ne soit pas un marqueur de sénescence chez tous les mammifères. Chez certaines espèces, comme les chauves-souris, elle pourrait plutôt refléter une qualité individuelle, influencée par des facteurs tels que la capacité à réguler le stress oxydatif. En outre, chez le chevreuil, les variations dans les niveaux de glycation semblent dépendre de la qualité de l'environnement et de l’état de santé des individus, suggérant un lien complexe entre l’état physiologique et les processus de glycation. Ces résultats soulignent l'importance d'étudier la glycation dans des modèles animaux non conventionnels afin de mieux comprendre l’évolution des mécanismes de résistance à cette réaction. Cette approche pourrait ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives pour traiter les effets pathologiques des glycations chez l’hommeGlycation reactions are recognized for their contribution to aging and associated chronic pathologies in humans. However, few studies have focused on this reaction in species other than humans or traditional laboratory animal models, even though some wild species appear to exhibit resistance to the detrimental effects of glycation on health. In this thesis, we aim to explore the links between protein glycation, senescence, and life history traits in various unconventional mammalian species. Our findings demonstrate that the levels of glycated proteins significantly increase in species with slower life histories, suggesting the existence of a tolerance to the harmful effects of glycated proteins in longer-lived species. Furthermore, we show that bats appear to exhibit increased resistance and/or tolerance to glycation compared to other mammals. It seems that protein glycation is not a universal marker of senescence across all mammals. In some species, such as bats, it may instead reflect individual quality, influenced by factors such as the ability to regulate oxidative stress. Additionally, in roe deer, variations in glycation levels appear to depend on environmental quality and the health status of individuals, suggesting a complex relationship between physiological state and glycation processes. These results underscore the importance of studying glycation in unconventional animal models to gain a better understanding of the evolution of resistance mechanisms to this reaction. Such an approach may open new avenues for addressing the pathological effects of glycation in humans
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Li, Zhiyi [Verfasser], Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Hasse, Alessandro [Akademischer Betreuer] Parente und Amsini [Akademischer Betreuer] Sadiki. „Sub-grid models for Large Eddy Simulation of non-conventional combustion regimes / Zhiyi Li ; Christian Hasse, Alessandro Parente, Amsini Sadiki“. Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1199006386/34.
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Li, Zhiyi [Verfasser], Christian Akademischer Betreuer] Hasse, Alessandro [Akademischer Betreuer] [Parente und Amsini [Akademischer Betreuer] Sadiki. „Sub-grid models for Large Eddy Simulation of non-conventional combustion regimes / Zhiyi Li ; Christian Hasse, Alessandro Parente, Amsini Sadiki“. Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1199006386/34.
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Corbani, Mario. „Assimilation of data from conventional and non conventional networks through a LETKF scheme in the COSMO model“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9895/.
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The present work studies a km-scale data assimilation scheme based on a LETKF developed for the COSMO model.
The aim is to evaluate the impact of the assimilation of two different types of data: temperature, humidity, pressure and wind data from conventional networks (SYNOP, TEMP, AIREP reports) and 3d reflectivity from radar volume. A 3-hourly continuous assimilation cycle has been implemented over an Italian domain, based on a 20 member ensemble, with boundary conditions provided from ECMWF ENS.
Three different experiments have been run for evaluating the performance of the assimilation on one week in October 2014 during which Genova flood and Parma flood took place: a control run of the data assimilation cycle with assimilation of data from conventional networks only, a second run in which the SPPT scheme is activated into the COSMO model, a third run in which also reflectivity volumes from meteorological radar are assimilated.
Objective evaluation of the experiments has been carried out both on case studies and on the entire week: check of the analysis increments, computing the Desroziers statistics for SYNOP, TEMP, AIREP and RADAR, over the Italian domain, verification of the analyses against data not assimilated (temperature at the lowest model level objectively verified against SYNOP data), and objective verification of the deterministic forecasts initialised with the KENDA analyses for each of the three experiments.
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Sun, Yifan. „Theory of mode-locked lasers based on non-conventional cavity modes“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASP003.
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Cette thèse de doctorat porte principalement sur la dynamique et la robustesse d’un nouveau concept de verrouillage de mode dans les nanolasers semi-conducteurs ultracompacts. Un tel nanolaser présente des modes ermites-gaussiens créés par une cavité photonique harmonique pour confiner la lumière. Cela permet de mapper la cavité optique en oscillateur harmonique de mécanique quantique, avec des fréquences propres régulièrement espacées, une condition essentielle pour le verrouillage de mode. La période de verrouillage de mode est contrôlée par la conception du potentiel photonique, et non par la longueur de la cavité. Les régimes non linéaires possibles sont décrits par l’équation de Gross-Pitaevskii avec un potentiel parabolique et des termes non linéaires décrivant le gain et l’absorption. Pour étudier ces comportements dynamiques, des simulations numériques directes sont principalement mises en œuvre. Tout d’abord, la compétition de mode pour le gain entre les modes ermites et gaussiens en l’absence d’absorption saturable est étudiée. Deuxièmement, on prévoit que le verrouillage des modes se produira avec une saturation instantanée du gain et de l’absorption sur un large éventail de paramètres, correspondant à l’émergence d’une soliton dissipative. Troisièmement, dans le régime de saturation non instantanée du gain et de l’absorption, différents comportements dynamiques du nanolaser sont obtenus en faisant varier le gain et l’absorption. Ces différents régimes, y compris la commutation Q, le verrouillage de mode à commutation Q et le verrouillage de mode CW, sont décrits en détail. L’influence du facteur Henry sur le verrouillage de mode est également abordée. Quatrièmement, la robustesse du verrouillage de mode des modes ermite et gaussien au désordre de la cavité harmonique est étudiée en détail, y compris l’effet de la non-parabolicité du potentiel et les erreurs aléatoires dans la forme du potentielThis PhD thesis mainly addresses the dynamics and the robustness of a novel concept of mode locking in ultracompact semiconductor nanolasers. Such a nanolaser exhibits Hermite-Gaussian modes created by a harmonic photonic cavity to confine light. This maps the optical cavity into quantum mechanical harmonic oscillator, with evenly spaced eigenfrequencies, an essential requirement for mode locking. The possible nonlinear regimes are described by the Gross-Pitaevskii equation with a parabolic potential and nonlinear terms describing gain and absorption. To investigate these dynamical behaviors, direct numerical simulations are mainly implemented. Continuation calculations are also performed using pde2path.First, the mode competition for gain among Hermite-Gaussian modes in the absence of saturable absorption is investigated and shown to be very different from usual resonators.Second, mode locking is predicted to occur with instantaneous saturation of gain and absorption over a broad range of parameters, corresponding to the emergence of dissipative soliton and multisoliton solutions. The mode locking period is controlled by the design of the photonic potential, and not by the cavity length. The dissipative soliton is well described by the coherent state of a quantum mechanical oscillator, namely a Gaussian envelope oscillating without deformation.Third, in the regime of noninstantaneous gain and absorption saturation, different dynamical behaviors of the nanolaser are obtained by varying the gain and the absorption. These different regimes, including Q-switching, Q-switched mode locking, and CW mode locking, are described in detail, illustrating the rich physics of this nonlinear system. The influence of the Henry factor on the mode locking is also discussed. Moreover, similar dynamical behaviors using spatially separated gain and absorber sections inside the cavity are obtained.Fourth, the robustness of mode locking of the Hermite-Gaussian modes to the disorder of the harmonic cavity is investigated in details. It includes the effect of non-parabolicity of the potential and the random errors in the shape of the potential
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Piedrafita, Francos Daniel. „Designing, testing and modelling two innovative non-conventional buckling restrained braces for seismic resistant buildings“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284738.
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In this thesis two all-steel BRB have been designed, manufactured and tested, and both satisfy the testing protocols required by EU and US codes. They are composed of a steel slotted restraining unit which stabilizes the steel core. The first one, the Modular Buckling Restrained Brace (MBRB), is composed by several seriated modules which contain several dissipation units connected in parallel, which yield under shear forces. Although it has good hysteretic response and a high ductility, its core is heavy and expensive to manufacture. The second one,the Slotted Buckling Restraining Brace (SBRB), solves these two shortcomings. It yields under axial forces, like the conventional BRBs, but the usual solid core has been substituted by a perforated plate. The core is a one-piece element composed of two lateral bands, of a nearly uniform section and designed to yield, connected by stabilizing bridges, which behave elastic. The buckling prevention of the lateral bands is done by the restraining unit and the stabilizing bridges. Design expressions have been proposed to design both devices, and a numerical material model have been formulated and implemented in commercial finite element method software to numerically simulate the behavior of the braces, which will reduce the need of full scale tests for its designEn la present tesi, dos BVR totalment metàl·lics s’han dissenyat, fabricat i assajat, satisfent tots dos els requeriments dels protocols definits per les normes europees i americanes. Estan formats per un element de travat ranurat que estabilitza el nucli metàl·lic. El primer d’ells, el Braç de Vinclament Restringit Modular (BVRM), està format per diversos mòduls seriats que a la vegada contenen diverses unitats de dissipació, que plastifiquen sota esforços tallants, connectades en paral·lel. Tot i que té un bon comportament histerètic i una gran ductilitat, el nucli és pesat i difícil de fabricar. El segon braç, anomenat Braç de Vinclament Restringit Ranurat (BVRR), soluciona aquests inconvenients. Plastifica sota esforços axials, de la mateixa manera que els BVR convencionals, però el nucli massís és substituït per una platina perforada. Aquest nucli consisteix en un únic element composat per dos bandes laterals, dissenyades per a plastificar i amb una secció quasi constant, connectades per diversos ponts estabilitzadors que es mantenen sempre en el seu rang elàstic. Aquests ponts, juntament amb l’element de travat, impedeixen el vinclament de les bandes laterals. S’han proposat diverses expressions de disseny pels dos braços. S’ha formulat i implementat, en un programa d’elements finits comercial, un model de material per a simular numèricament el comportament dels braços, reduint així la dependència dels assajos a escala real durant el seu procés de disseny
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Remella, Siva Rama Karthik. „Steady State Mathematical Modeling of Non-Conventional Loop Heat Pipes: A Parametric and a Design Approach“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1353154991.
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Lellis, Junior Luis Carlos. „O impacto da quantitative easing americano no preço dos ativos brasileiros“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/15119.
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Aplicando uma metodologia de testes de eventos, este estudo avalia o impacto dos anúncios de implementação e retirada dos estímulos monetários pelo Banco Central americano (FED) entre 2008 a 2013 sobre a curva de juros, a taxa de câmbio e a bolsa brasileira. Os resultados mostram que os anúncios de política monetária americana impactaram o preço dos ativos brasileiros significativamente principalmente durante o QE1 e o Tapering. Para os demais QEs, Operação Twist e eventos de postergação da retirada de estímulos, o não Tapering, ainda que os resultados encontrados estivessem dentro do esperado, eles tiveram baixa significância. Concluímos que a política monetária americana não convencional foi eficaz em impactar o preço dos ativos brasileiros, em especial os eventos não esperados. Ao incluirmos defasagens nos testes aplicados concluímos que em alguns casos houve 'atraso' na incorporação das novas informações no preço dos ativos.
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Mallangi, Siva Sai Reddy. „Low-Power Policies Based on DVFS for the MUSEIC v2 System-on-Chip“. Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229443.
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Multi functional health monitoring wearable devices are quite prominent these days. Usually these devices are battery-operated and consequently are limited by their battery life (from few hours to a few weeks depending on the application). Of late, it was realized that these devices, which are currently being operated at fixed voltage and frequency, are capable of operating at multiple voltages and frequencies. By switching these voltages and frequencies to lower values based upon power requirements, these devices can achieve tremendous benefits in the form of energy savings. Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) techniques have proven to be handy in this situation for an efficient trade-off between energy and timely behavior. Within imec, wearable devices make use of the indigenously developed MUSEIC v2 (Multi Sensor Integrated circuit version 2.0). This system is optimized for efficient and accurate collection, processing, and transfer of data from multiple (health) sensors. MUSEIC v2 has limited means in controlling the voltage and frequency dynamically. In this thesis we explore how traditional DVFS techniques can be applied to the MUSEIC v2. Experiments were conducted to find out the optimum power modes to efficiently operate and also to scale up-down the supply voltage and frequency. Considering the overhead caused when switching voltage and frequency, transition analysis was also done. Real-time and non real-time benchmarks were implemented based on these techniques and their performance results were obtained and analyzed. In this process, several state of the art scheduling algorithms and scaling techniques were reviewed in identifying a suitable technique. Using our proposed scaling technique implementation, we have achieved 86.95% power reduction in average, in contrast to the conventional way of the MUSEIC v2 chip’s processor operating at a fixed voltage and frequency. Techniques that include light sleep and deep sleep mode were also studied and implemented, which tested the system’s capability in accommodating Dynamic Power Management (DPM) techniques that can achieve greater benefits. A novel approach for implementing the deep sleep mechanism was also proposed and found that it can obtain up to 71.54% power savings, when compared to a traditional way of executing deep sleep mode.Nuförtiden så har multifunktionella bärbara hälsoenheter fått en betydande roll. Dessa enheter drivs vanligtvis av batterier och är därför begränsade av batteritiden (från ett par timmar till ett par veckor beroende på tillämpningen). På senaste tiden har det framkommit att dessa enheter som används vid en fast spänning och frekvens kan användas vid flera spänningar och frekvenser. Genom att byta till lägre spänning och frekvens på grund av effektbehov så kan enheterna få enorma fördelar när det kommer till energibesparing. Dynamisk skalning av spänning och frekvens-tekniker (såkallad Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling, DVFS) har visat sig vara användbara i detta sammanhang för en effektiv avvägning mellan energi och beteende. Hos Imec så använder sig bärbara enheter av den internt utvecklade MUSEIC v2 (Multi Sensor Integrated circuit version 2.0). Systemet är optimerat för effektiv och korrekt insamling, bearbetning och överföring av data från flera (hälso) sensorer. MUSEIC v2 har begränsad möjlighet att styra spänningen och frekvensen dynamiskt. I detta examensarbete undersöker vi hur traditionella DVFS-tekniker kan appliceras på MUSEIC v2. Experiment utfördes för att ta reda på de optimala effektlägena och för att effektivt kunna styra och även skala upp matningsspänningen och frekvensen. Eftersom att ”overhead” skapades vid växling av spänning och frekvens gjordes också en övergångsanalys. Realtidsoch icke-realtidskalkyler genomfördes baserat på dessa tekniker och resultaten sammanställdes och analyserades. I denna process granskades flera toppmoderna schemaläggningsalgoritmer och skalningstekniker för att hitta en lämplig teknik. Genom att använda vår föreslagna skalningsteknikimplementering har vi uppnått 86,95% effektreduktion i jämförelse med det konventionella sättet att MUSEIC v2-chipets processor arbetar med en fast spänning och frekvens. Tekniker som inkluderar lätt sömn och djupt sömnläge studerades och implementerades, vilket testade systemets förmåga att tillgodose DPM-tekniker (Dynamic Power Management) som kan uppnå ännu större fördelar. En ny metod för att genomföra den djupa sömnmekanismen föreslogs också och enligt erhållna resultat så kan den ge upp till 71,54% lägre energiförbrukning jämfört med det traditionella sättet att implementera djupt sömnläge.
Bücher zum Thema "Non-conventional models"
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Janusz, Kacprzyk, und Roubens Marc, Hrsg. Non-conventional preference relations in decision making. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.
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Quireyns, Alan. Sustainability is not enough: Non-conventional organisations and initiatives. Eindhoven: Onomatopee, 2019.
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Roubens, Marc. Non-Conventional Preference Relations in Decision Making. Springer London, Limited, 2013.
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Anderson, Greg. The Anomalous Foundations of Modern Being. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190886646.003.0008.
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To better understand this anomalous modern ontology and how it shapes our historical practice, the chapter continues its ethical case by exploring the uniquely modern metaphysical commitments which sustain that ontology, determining for us what can and cannot be really there in the world. Elaborating on arguments made by the anthropologist Philippe Descola for the existence of a metaphysical “Great Divide” between modern and non-modern worlds, it contends that our capitalist way of life, our mainstream sciences, and our conventional historical practice are all premised upon historically anomalous metaphysical commitments to materialism, secularism, anthropocentrism, and individualism. Citing influential works by theorists in the classical liberal tradition, from John Locke to Herbert Spencer, it shows quite precisely how these peculiarly modern metaphysical commitments have shaped the form and contents of the universal template of social being that is taken for granted by our conventional historicist practice. The application of this model to all non-modern experiences by historians is ethically questionable, in that it denies past peoples their rightful power to determine the ultimate truths of their own existence. Yet modern philosophical orthodoxies ensure the model’s continuing use.
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Lei, Yuan. Mechanical Ventilation Modes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784975.003.0008.
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‘Mechanical Ventilation Modes’ seeks to shed light on this hotly debated topic, one that is complicated by ventilator manufacturers’ non-standardized terminology. The chapter looks at conventional modes, adaptive modes, and biphasic modes, which it classifies based on the mechanical breath types in each mode. It includes a comparison chart of the terminology used for common modes on popular IPPV ventilators. Using their signature waveforms, the author describes the assist/control, SIMV, and pressure support ventilation or PSV modes. It defines the modes by their application of spontaneous breaths and mandatory breaths. It continues with a discussion of adaptive modes and biphasic modes. It ends by discussing how to select the appropriate ventilation mode.
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Morganti, Matteo. The Structure of Physical Reality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198755630.003.0014.
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This paper explores alternatives to metaphysical foundationalism, the view that grounding relations determine vertical chains that terminate in something fundamental and ungrounded. Rather than offering an exhaustive taxonomy or wide-ranging claims about metaphysical structure per se, the goal is to offer an initial investigation of non-conventional models of the metaphysical architecture of reality. Examples are provided with a view to illustrating that, and how, physics may avail itself of both ‘infinitist’ and ‘coherentist’ models—the former dropping the idea of a fundamental level, the latter abandoning the view that the world must have a hierarchical structure.
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Biewener, Andrew A., und Shelia N. Patek, Hrsg. Movement in Air. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198743156.003.0006.
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Aerial flight involves the same fluid mechanical principles as aquatic locomotion. However, the 800-fold lower density of air compared with water has marked consequences on the mechanisms of aerial locomotion. We examine the forces acting on a flying animal in which these fluid forces can be calculated. We then consider how basic features of the wings and body affect flight forces. Building on this understanding, we examine the power requirements associated with flight as a function of flight speed, based on conventional aerodynamics (i.e. steady airflow past non-oscillating wings, which applies to most engineered aircraft). Gliding flight is explained by steady-state theory and is discussed in this context. However, because flying animals must flap their wings to support weight and overcome drag, non-steady aerodynamic effects come into play. These non-steady aerodynamic effects are revealed by tracking the flow over a moving wing or by the use of robotic models.
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Anderson, Greg. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190886646.003.0001.
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The book’s point of departure is Dipesh Chakrabarty’s (2000) claim that the analytical tools of our mainstream historicism are irredeemably Eurocentrist, thereby causing us to lose the experiences of non-western peoples in translation. It aims to build on this postcolonial critique of historicism in three ways. First, our conventional historicist devices are not just Eurocentrist but essentially modernist. They cause us to lose in translation the experiences of all non-modern peoples, non-western and western alike. Second, this modernism is problematic specifically because it authorizes us to align non-modern realities with our own peculiarly modern ontological commitments, fundamentally altering the contents of those realities in the process. Third, to produce histories that are more ethically defensible, philosophically robust, and historically meaningful, we need to take an ontological turn in our practice. We need to analyse each non-modern lifeworld on its own ontological terms, in its own metaphysical conjuncture, according to its own particular standards of truth and realness. To support these three claims, the book uses the proverbially western lifeworld of classical Athens (ca. 480-320 BC) as its primary case study.
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Anderson, Greg. The Realness of Things Past. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190886646.001.0001.
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The book proposes a new paradigm of historical practice. It questions the way we conventionally historicize the experiences of non-modern peoples, western and non-western, and makes a case for an alternative. It shows how our standard analytical devices impose modern, dualist metaphysical conditions upon all non-modern realities, thereby authorizing us to align those realities with our own modern ontological commitments, fundamentally altering their contents in the process. The net result is a practice that homogenizes the past’s many different ways of being human. To produce histories that are more ethically defensible, more philosophically robust, and more historically meaningful, we need to take an ontological turn in our practice. We need to cultivate a non-dualist historicism that will allow us to analyse each past reality on its own ontological terms, as a more or less autonomous world unto itself. The work is divided into three parts. To highlight the limitations of conventional historicist analysis and the need for an alternative, Part One (chapters 1-5) critically scrutinizes our standard modern accounts of the politeia (“way of life”) of classical Athens, the book’s primary case study. Part Two (chapters 6-9) draws on a wide range of historical, ethnographic, and theoretical literatures to frame ethical and philosophical mandates for the proposed ontological turn. To illustrate the historical benefits of this alternative paradigm, Part Three (chapters 10-16) then shows how it allows us to produce an entirely new and more meaningful account of the Athenian politeia. The book is expressly written to be accessible to a non-specialist, cross-disciplinary readership.
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Stuart, Casey-Maslen. Arms Control and Disarmament Law. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198865032.001.0001.
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Arms control and disarmament are key elements in promoting international peace and security. In recent decades, the scope of disarmament law has broadened from a traditional focus on weapons of mass destruction to encompass conventional weapons. This new volume provides a concise and objective appraisal of international arms control and disarmament law. Across seven concise chapters, the book traces the history of arms control and disarmament in the modern era, addressing the issues surrounding biological and chemical weapons, the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, and conventional weapon and arms transfer regimes. It concludes by considering how, in order to remain relevant, disarmament and arms control will need to adapt to rapidly evolving technologies that defy traditional means of verification and control. The book is an accessible, go-to source for practising international lawyers, judges and arbitrators, government and military officers, scholars, teachers, and students.
Buchteile zum Thema "Non-conventional models"
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Mevellec, Pierre. „Non-conventional Models“. In Cost Systems Design, 195–306. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230595224_15.
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Myeko, Palesa, und Abdon Atangana. „Modeling the Diffusion of Chemical Contamination in Soil with Non-Conventional Differential Operators“. In Mathematical Analysis of Groundwater Flow Models, 459–88. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003266266-24.
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Rogozin, Stepan, und Evsey Morozov. „A Unified Regenerative Stability Analysis of Some Non-conventional Queueing Models“. In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 296–310. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30648-8_24.
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Liang, Wenquan, Ran Song und Christopher Timmins. „The Role of Migration Costs in Residential Sorting“. In The Urban Book Series, 251–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74544-8_4.
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AbstractEconomistsgenerallyemploytwo ‘revealed preference’ approaches to measure households’ preferences for non-market amenities—the hedonic and equilibrium sorting models. The conventional hedonic model assumes free mobility across space. Violation of this assumption can bias the estimates of household willingness to pay for local amenities. Mobility constraints are more easily handled by the sorting framework. In this chapter, we examine the role of migration costs in household residential sorting and apply these two models to estimate the willingness to pay for clean air in the USAand China. Our results demonstrate that ignoring mobility costs in spatial sorting will underestimate the implicit value of non-market amenities in both countries. Such a downward bias is larger in developing countries, such as China, where migration costs are higher.
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Giorleo, Luca, Carmen Galassi, Francesco Ziprani, Paolo Calefati, Gianni Campatelli, Roberto Munaro und Gianluca Trotta. „Strategic Action Line LI5: Innovative Production Processes“. In Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering, 133–53. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60560-4_9.
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AbstractThe objective of this chapter is to describe the strategic action line related to innovative production processes (LI5). In particular, this chapter proposes research and innovation priorities across various aspects both related to conventional and non-conventional processes, such as: digitization of conventional production processes in order to improve their interactions and handle different types of processing, even by means of hybrid processes; the growing role of additive manufacturing and its ensuing challenges in terms of both design and production; processing of standard and innovative materials, or materials with meso/macro geometries, including also nano- and micro-manufacturing. In addition, process innovation also needs to take the shape of innovation in support of re- and de-manufacturing processes, to start with, through to the development of bio-inspired transformation models.
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Qureshi, Mohammad Haseeb, Sarosh Raja Nawaz, Amirhosein Vakili, Mahdi Kioumarsi und Behrouz Shafei. „Assessment of the Structural Potential of Nonconventional Material Alternatives in Shear Walls“. In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1265–74. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69626-8_106.
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AbstractShear walls are fundamental structural elements within mid- and high-rise buildings, mitigating lateral forces such as wind and seismic forces. In recent years, numerous research endeavors have emerged, focusing on the integration of non-conventional materials such as ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) into shear wall construction, as alternatives to conventional materials. Despite the known strength-increasing benefits, there were questions regarding the design requirements, structural performance characteristics, and sustainability of this novel type of shear wall. This study aims to assess the benefits of employing UHPC, in contrast to conventional materials like normal strength concrete (NSC). The analysis consisted of a nonlinear static (pushover) analysis applied to two verified finite element models representing conventional and nonconventional materials. The results indicate that UHPC outperforms its counterpart in damage tolerance and load-bearing capacity. Additionally, an assessment was conducted to determine if increasing the thickness of the NSC shear wall could reach UHPC's performance. The results confirmed that even with enhanced thickness, NSC lagged significantly behind UHPC in performance metrics, thus offering a reliable material choice for structural applications that involve extreme loading effects.
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Morales Quinteros, L., und N. D. Ferguson. „Non-conventional Modes of Ventilation in Patients with ARDS“. In Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2014, 207–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03746-2_16.
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Pardo Echarte, Manuel Enrique. „Morphotectonic Regionalization in the Seas of South Cuba from the Digital Elevation Model 90 × 90 m“. In Non-seismic and Non-conventional Exploration Methods for Oil and Gas in Cuba, 91–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15824-8_5.
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Gopinath, Ashitha, Kadirvelu Krishna und Chinnannan Karthik. „Adsorptive Removal and Recovery of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solution/Effluents Using Conventional and Non-conventional Materials“. In Modern Age Waste Water Problems, 309–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-08283-3_15.
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Dardeno, Tina, Patrick Logan und Peter Avitabile. „Some Non-conventional Boundary Conditions (From Marshmallows to Plungers: Who Would Have Guessed)“. In Topics in Modal Analysis, Volume 10, 67–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15251-6_8.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Non-conventional models"
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Catania, Giuseppe, und Silvio Sorrentino. „Experimental Validation of Non-Conventional Viscoelastic Models via Equivalent Damping Estimates“. In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67351.
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Non-conventional rheological models based on non-integer order differential operators can be used to describe the viscoelastic behavior of materials, especially of polymers. These models are usually selected and then validated by means of creep and relaxation tests. However, engineers dealing with structural dynamic problems may need to obtain model identification from vibration measurement data. In this case, however, the direct identification of an optimal set of parameters of a viscoelastic model from time or frequency domain measurements is a difficult task, especially if the structural dissipative contributions are slight. In this paper, an indirect approach is adopted, based on the concept of damping ratio. When dealing with standard linear viscous dissipative models, a damping ratio modal parameter ζn can be analytically defined and experimentally estimated. But this theoretical parameter shows a dependency from the modal frequency that may dramatically fail in fitting the experimental data. On the contrary, it is known that a better agreement between theory and experiments can be achieved by means of non-integer order differential models, even though in this case analytical expressions for ζn are difficult to find. To overcome this difficulty, a method of general validity for viscoelastic models is developed, based on the concept of equivalent damping ratio and on the circle-fit technique. The proposed method is applied to experimental damping estimates from plane flexural vibrations of clamped-free beams, obtained from specimens of different size made of materials such as Polyethylene, Polyvinyl-chloride and Delrin.
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Andrei, L., A. Andreini, C. Bianchini und B. Facchini. „Numerical Benchmark of Non-Conventional RANS Turbulence Models for Film and Effusion Cooling“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68794.
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In the course of the years several turbulence models specifically developed to improve the predicting capabilities of conventional two-equations RANS models have been proposed. However they have been mainly tested against experiments only comparing with standard isotropic models, in single hole configuration and for very low blowing ratio. A systematic benchmark of the various non-conventional models exploring a wider range of application is hence missing. This paper performs a comparison of 3 recently proposed models over three different test cases of increasing computational complexity. The chosen test matrix covers a wide range of blowing ratios (0.5–3.0)including both single row and multi-row cases for which experimental data of reference are available. In particular the well known test by Sinha and Bogard [1] at BR = 0.5 is used in conjuction with two in-house carried out experiments: a single row film-cooling test at BR = 1.5 and a 15 rows test plate designed to study the interaction between slot and effusion cooling at BR = 3.0. The first two considered models are based on a tensorial definition of the eddy viscosity in which the stream-span position is augmented to overcome the main drawback connected with standard isotropic turbulence models that is the lower lateral spreading of the jet downwards the injection. An anisotropic factor to multiply the off-diagonal position is indeed calculated from an algebraic expression of the turbulent Reynolds number developed by Bergeles [2] from DNS statistics over a flat plate. This correction could be potentially implemented in the framework of any eddy viscosity model. It was chosen to compare the predictions of such modification applied to two among the most common two-equation turbulence models for film-cooling tests, namely the Two-Layer (TL) model and the k–ω Shear Stress Transport (SST), firstly proposed and tested in the past respectively by Azzi and Lakeal [3] and Cottin at al. [4]. The third model, proposed by Holloway et al. [5], involves the unsteady solution of the flow and thermal field to include the short-time response of the stress tensor to rapid strain rates. This model takes advantage of the solution of an additional transport equation for the local effective total stress to trace the strain rate history. The results are presented in terms of adiabatic effectiveness distribution over the plate as well as spanwise averaged profiles.
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Catania, Giuseppe, und Silvio Sorrentino. „Analysis of Friction in Bi-Dimensional Pipe Flow Using Non Conventional Constitutive Models“. In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66617.
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The design of hydraulic transmission lines for control and actuation requires accurate knowledge of their dynamic response: some standard techniques are known to obtain a consistent dynamic model of a fluid line, including the contribution of inertia, compressibility and friction. In this paper an efficient procedure is developed for simulating the dynamic response in both the frequency and time domains, focusing the attention on the modal analysis of a discretized model of a fluid line. A bi-dimensional approach is adopted, modeling the laminar flow frequency-dependent friction by means of non-integer order differential laws, which may improve the accuracy of the simulated responses in comparison with more traditional Newtonian models.
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Domenech, Josep, Lisa Crosato und Caterina Liberati. „Non-conventional data and default prediction: the challenge of companies’ websites“. In CARMA 2022 - 4th International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics. valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carma2022.2022.15103.
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Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) contribution to the European Union economy has always been relevant, for both value added and the creation of jobs. That is why the prediction of their survival is considered one of the economic pillars UE keeps under observation. Default prediction models, accounting for SMEs idiosyncratic traits, are based on several types of data, mainly accounting indicators. Balance sheet data, indeed, are considered the standard predictors for classification models in this field, although they do not allow to completely overcome the information opacity that is one of the main barriers preventing these firms from accessing credit. In our work, we explore the possibility of complementing accounting information with data scraped from the firms’ websites. We modeled the data using a nonlinear discriminant analysis and we benchmarked the results with the Logistic Regression. The evidence of our study is promising although the combination of online and offline data shows better results in case of survival firms than for defaulted companies.
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Remella, Karthik S., Frank M. Gerner und Ahmed Shuja. „Steady State Parametric Modeling of Non-Conventional Loop Heat Pipes“. In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63991.
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Loop Heat Pipes (LHPs) are used in many thermal management applications, especially for micro-electronics cooling, because of their ability to passively transport thermal energy from a source to a sink. This paper describes the development of a parametric model for a non-conventional LHP operating in steady state, employed to cool Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). This device is comprised of a flat evaporator, and a finned circular loop wherein condensation and sub-cooling of the working fluid takes place. Unlike a conventional LHP, this device has no compensation chamber. In the mesh screen of the evaporator, the vapor flow entrains liquid and hence the quality of the two-phase mixture leaving the evaporator (xevap) is less than unity (unlike in a conventional LHP where saturated vapor leaves the evaporator). Since this lower quality (approximately 0.2) results in a smaller ratio of latent energy to sensible energy being removed by the condenser and sub-cooler respectively; the ratio of the length of the sub-cooler to condenser length is significantly larger. This results in more stable and controlled operation of the device. Mathematical models of the evaporator, the condenser and the sub-cooler sections are developed, and two closure conditions are employed in this model. For consistency and accuracy, some parameters in the model, such as the natural convection heat transfer coefficient (h o) and a few thermal resistances in the evaporator, are estimated empirically from test data on the device. The empirically obtained value of the heat transfer coefficient is in very good agreement with correlations from the literature. The parametric model accurately predicts the LED board temperature and other temperatures for a specific amount of thermal energy dissipated by the LEDs.
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Bochev, Pavel, Irina Tezaur, Amy de Castro und Paul Kuberry. „Formulation and computation of partitioned schemes for coupled problems with non- conventional computational models.“ In Proposed for presentation at the MultiMat 2022: 10th International Conference on Numerical Methods for Multi-Material Fluid Flow held August 22-27, 2022 in Zurich, Switzerland. US DOE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2004312.
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Riaño Caraza, Juan M., Fernando S. Flores Avila, Iván Faría Rojas und Luis E. Brito Rodríguez. „Development of a Performance Assessment Model (PAM) for High Complexity Non-Conventional Reservoirs“. In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-84183.
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Chicontepec is one of the areas with the largest volume of original oil in place in Mexico; however, after more than 30 years of operation, its development has been very limited due to the high geological complexity and low rock quality of their reservoirs. The reservoirs are found in layered sequences of sediments deposited in turbiditic environments which have suffered different degrees of diagenesis, there is a great level of vertical heterogeneity and a very limited level of lateral continuity. The permeability of the reservoir area is in the range of 0.1 to 5 md, depending on the location and degree of diagenesis, with this level of permeability most wells require hydraulic fracturing to be produced economically. The volume of oil originally in place according to the latest certifications is around 130 billion barrels, of which to this date have been produced 200 MMbls, which represents a current recovery factor of 0.15%. In order to accelerate the development of reserves PEMEX has diversified efforts assigning some areas to other companies. This will provide greater ability to assess best practices and technologies. To evaluate the efforts of companies a performance assessment model was designed, which takes into account the integral complexity of each area to be fair in comparing the results obtained for the different areas. The aim of this paper is to describe the methodology used in the developing of the performance evaluation and integral complexity characterization models.
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Bozzi, Luca, Enrico D’Angelo, Bruno Facchini, Mirko Micio und Riccardo Da Soghe. „Experimental Investigation on Leakage Losses and Heat Transfer in a Non Conventional Labyrinth Seal“. In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46362.
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Different labyrinth seal configurations are used in modern heavy-duty gas turbine such as see-through stepped or honeycomb seals. The characterization of leakage flow through the seals is one of the main tasks for secondary air system designers as well as the evaluation of increase in temperature due to heat transfer and windage effects. In high temperature turbomachinery applications, knowledge of the heat transfer characteristics of flow leaking through the seals is needed in order to accurately predict seal dimensions and performance as affected by thermal expansion. This paper deals with the influence of clearance on the leakage flow and heat transfer coefficient of a contactless labyrinth seal. A scaled-up planar model of the seal mounted in the inner shrouded vane of the Ansaldo AE94.3A gas turbine has been experimentally investigated. Five clearances were tested using a stationary test rig. The experiments covered a range of Reynolds numbers between 5000 and 40000 and pressure ratios between 1 and 3.3. Local heat transfer coefficients were calculated using a transient technique. It is shown that the clearance/pitch ratio has a significant effect upon both leakage loss and heat transfer coefficient. Hodkinson’s and Vermes’ models are used to fit experimental mass flow rate and pressure drop data. This approach shows a good agreement with experimental data.
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do Nascimento, Leonardo Sant’Anna, Luis Volnei Sudati Sagrilo und Gilberto Bruno Ellwanger. „Conventional and Linear Statistical Moments Applied in Extreme Value Analysis of Non-Gaussian Response of Jack-Ups“. In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83583.
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This work investigates numerically two different methods of moments applied to Hermite derived probability distribution model and variations of Weibull distribution fitted to the short-term time series peaks sample of stochastic response parameters of a simplified jack-up platform model which represents a source of high non-Gaussian responses. The main focus of the work is to compare the results of short-term extreme response statistics obtained by the so-called linear method of moments (L-moments) and the conventional method of moments using either Hermite or Weibull models as the peaks distribution model. A simplified mass-spring system representing a three-legged jack-up platform is initially employed in order to observe directly impacts of the linear method of moments (L-moments) in extreme analysis results. Afterwards, the stochastic response of the three-legged jack-up platform is analyzed by means of 3-D finite element model. Bias and statistical uncertainty in the estimated extreme statistics parameters are computed considering as the “theoretical” estimates those evaluated by fitting a Gumbel to a sample of episodical extreme values obtained from distinct short-term realizations (or simulations). Results show that the variability of the extreme results, as a function of the simulation length, determined by the linear method of moments (L-moments) is smaller than their corresponding ones derived from the conventional method of moments and the biases are more or less the same.
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Charlesworth, William W., und David C. Anderson. „Applications of Non-Manifold Topology“. In ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium collocated with the ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1995-0737.
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Abstract It is widely recognized that a solid model based on a non-manifold boundary representation can have a more complicated surface topology than one based on a manifold boundary representation, but non-manifold topology has other capabilities that may be more valuable to the application developer. Non-manifold topology can be put to use in existing application areas in ways that differ significantly from the techniques developed for manifold modeling and it can be put to use in new applications that have not been satisfactorily solved by manifold topology. Several applications of non-manifold topology that would be difficult or impossible to implement using a purely manifold geometric modeler are illustrated: automatic formulation of finite element analyses from solid models, automatic generation of machining tool paths for 2½-dimensional pockets, and construction of geometric models using topological constraints. These applications demonstrate how a non-manifold model partitions the entire space in which an object is embedded, preserves elements of the model that would be discarded by conventional schemes, and permits the implementation of a common merge operation. All three applications have been implemented using a two dimensional non-manifold (non-1-manifold) geometric modeler.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Non-conventional models"
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Keogh, Brendan, Dan Golding und Taylor Hardwick. Australian Music and Games 2023 Benchmark. Queensland University of Technology and Swinburne University of Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.243139.
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Digital games are a global cultural force, of which music is a foundational aspect. Music is crucial for digital games to develop atmosphere, convey narratives, and frame player interactions. At the same time, digital games provide musicians exciting new opportunities to experiment with dynamic, adaptive, and non-linear music structures. However, writing, producing, licensing, and implementing music for digital games also poses new challenges to existing screen music practices and business models. This benchmark is the first ever investigation into the scope and scale of Australia’s game music sector. It reveals a great diversity of working arrangements, career pathways, and skill sets among game music workers. It exposes entrenched and emerging challenges facing the field that require a rethinking of conventional approaches, and identifies new opportunities for Australian game music to flourish and grow.
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Ripoll, Santiago, Lidia Cabral, Jodie Thorpe, Callum Chapman und Jennifer Constantine. Strengthening Dignified and Equitable Access to Affordable and Healthy Food in the City of Brighton & Hove. Institute of Development Studies, Oktober 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2024.037.
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Affordable Food Projects (AFPs) are membership-based channels which supply subsidised food and non-food essentials in low-income neighbourhoods, where access to affordable food is limited. They come in all shapes and sizes and include community shops, pantries and vegetable box schemes, with distinct operational models. Members usually pay a small fee to join and can choose from the products on offer. The main membership criterion is geographical area, rather than means-testing as often used by food banks. Indeed, some AFPs aim to cater to all, rather than only people experiencing food insecurity. This brief showcases Affordable Food Projects (AFPs) in the city of Brighton & Hove, illustrating how they can be an alternative to conventional food banks while providing a pathway towards more inclusive, equitable and sustainable food provision in the context of food insecurity.
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Hammouti, A., S. Larmagnat, C. Rivard und D. Pham Van Bang. Use of CT-scan images to build geomaterial 3D pore network representation in preparation for numerical simulations of fluid flow and heat transfer, Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331502.
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Non-intrusive techniques such as medical CT-Scan or micro-CT allow the definition of 3D connected pore networks in porous materials, such as sedimentary rocks or concrete. The definition of these networks is a key step towards the evaluation of fluid flow and heat transfer in energy resource (e.g., hydrocarbon and geothermal reservoirs) and CO2 sequestration research projects. As material heterogeneities play a role at all scales (from micro- to project-scale), numerical models represent a powerful tool for bridging the gap between small-scale measurements provided by X-ray imaging techniques and larger-scale transport properties. This study uses pre-existing medical CT-scan datasets of reference material, namely glass beads and conventional reservoir rocks (Berea sandstone, Boise sandstone, Indiana limestone) to extract the 3D geometry of connected pores using an open-source software (Spam). Pore networks from rock samples were generated from dry and then saturated samples. Binarized datasets were produced for these materials (generated by a thresholding technique) to obtain pore size distribution and tortuosity, as well as preferential paths for fluid flow. Average porosities were also calculated for comparison with those obtained by conventional commercial laboratory techniques. The results obtained show that this approach works well for medium and coarse-grained materials that do not contain a large percentage of fine particles. However, this approach does not allow representative networks to be obtained for fine-grained rocks, due to the fact that small pores (or pore throats) cannot be taken into account in the datasets obtained from the medical CT-Scan. A next step, using datasets produced from a micro- CT scan, is planned in order to be able to generate representative networks in this type of material as well.
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Jury, William A., und David Russo. Characterization of Field-Scale Solute Transport in Spatially Variable Unsaturated Field Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568772.bard.
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This report describes activity conducted in several lines of research associated with field-scale water and solute processes. A major effort was put forth developing a stochastic continuum analysis for an important class of problems involving flow of reactive and non reactive chemicals under steady unsaturated flow. The field-scale velocity covariance tensor has been derived from local soil properties and their variability, producing a large-scale description of the medium that embodies all of the local variability in a statistical sense. Special cases of anisotropic medium properties not aligned along the flow direction of spatially variable solute sorption were analysed in detail, revealing a dependence of solute spreading on subtle features of the variability of the medium, such as cross-correlations between sorption and conductivity. A novel method was developed and tested for measuring hydraulic conductivity at the scale of observation through the interpretation of a solute transport outflow curve as a stochastic-convective process. This undertaking provided a host of new K(q) relationships for existing solute experiments and also laid the foundation for future work developing a self-consistent description of flow and transport under these conditions. Numerical codes were developed for calculating K(q) functions for a variety of solute pulse outflow shapes, including lognormal, Fickian, Mobile-Immobile water, and bimodal. Testing of this new approach against conventional methodology was mixed, and agreed most closely when the assumptions of the new method were met. We conclude that this procedure offers a valuable alternative to conventional methods of measuring K(q), particularly when the application of the method is at a scale (e.g. and agricultural field) that is large compared to the common scale at which conventional K(q) devices operate. The same problem was approached from a numerical perspective, by studying the feasibility of inverting a solute outflow signal to yield the hydraulic parameters of the medium that housed the experiment. We found that the inverse problem was solvable under certain conditions, depending on the amount of noise in the signal and the degree of heterogeneity in the medium. A realistic three dimensional model of transient water and solute movement in a heterogeneous medium that contains plant roots was developed and tested. The approach taken was to generate a single realization of this complex flow event, and examine the results to see whether features were present that might be overlooked in less sophisticated model efforts. One such feature revealed is transverse dispersion, which is a critically important component in the development of macrodispersion in the longitudinal direction. The lateral mixing that was observed greatly exceeded that predicted from simpler approaches, suggesting that at least part of the important physics of the mixing process is embedded in the complexity of three dimensional flow. Another important finding was the observation that variability can produce a pseudo-kinetic behavior for solute adsorption, even when the local models used are equilibrium.
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Palkovic, Steven, Yasamin Salamat, Brendon Willey und Simon Bellemare. PR-610-183867-R01 Fracture Toughness via In-ditch Non-destructive Testing - Validation. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011802.
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A challenge for many pipeline operators is missing or incomplete records for sections of their transmission pipeline networks, especially regarding fracture toughness properties. These toughness values are necessary for performing fitness for service calculations and engineering critical assessment. New regulations for gas transmission pipelines stipulate conservative default values for applicable assets when traceable, verifiable, and complete (TVC) records are not available. The new rules allow for the use of nondestructive techniques within material verification programs to measure the actual steel properties in lieu of conventional destructive cut-outs. However, the nondestructive technique must be validated, and the measurement must account for error and uncertainty of the nondestructive process. The aim of this research program is to assess the capabilities and limitations of the Nondestructive Toughness Tester (NDTT) to meet the requirements of a material verification process for measuring fracture toughness properties. The NDTT is a new approach for measuring the toughness of steel pipelines through the application of a contact mechanics technique known as frictional sliding. This project consists of testing on 41 vintage steel pipe joints to compare the NDTT measurement of the tensile fracture response in a superficial volume of surface material with conventional laboratory measurements of toughness on the same sample. The outcomes include the development and assessment of nondestructive prediction models for the initiation fracture toughness from compact tension (CT) testing and the upper shelf Charpy V-Notch (CVN) impact energy. This report summarizes the testing procedures and analysis methodologies used, and the prediction performance of models based on NDTT measurements.
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Warrick, Arthur W., Gideon Oron, Mary M. Poulton, Rony Wallach und Alex Furman. Multi-Dimensional Infiltration and Distribution of Water of Different Qualities and Solutes Related Through Artificial Neural Networks. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7695865.bard.
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The project exploits the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to describe infiltration, water, and solute distribution in the soil during irrigation. It provides a method of simulating water and solute movement in the subsurface which, in principle, is different and has some advantages over the more common approach of numerical modeling of flow and transport equations. The five objectives were (i) Numerically develop a database for the prediction of water and solute distribution for irrigation; (ii) Develop predictive models using ANN; (iii) Develop an experimental (laboratory) database of water distribution with time; within a transparent flow cell by high resolution CCD video camera; (iv) Conduct field studies to provide basic data for developing and testing the ANN; and (v) Investigate the inclusion of water quality [salinity and organic matter (OM)] in an ANN model used for predicting infiltration and subsurface water distribution. A major accomplishment was the successful use of Moment Analysis (MA) to characterize “plumes of water” applied by various types of irrigation (including drip and gravity sources). The general idea is to describe the subsurface water patterns statistically in terms of only a few (often 3) parameters which can then be predicted by the ANN. It was shown that ellipses (in two dimensions) or ellipsoids (in three dimensions) can be depicted about the center of the plume. Any fraction of water added can be related to a ‘‘probability’’ curve relating the size of the ellipse (or ellipsoid) that contains that amount of water. The initial test of an ANN to predict the moments (and hence the water plume) was with numerically generated data for infiltration from surface and subsurface drip line and point sources in three contrasting soils. The underlying dataset consisted of 1,684,500 vectors (5 soils×5 discharge rates×3 initial conditions×1,123 nodes×20 print times) where each vector had eleven elements consisting of initial water content, hydraulic properties of the soil, flow rate, time and space coordinates. The output is an estimate of subsurface water distribution for essentially any soil property, initial condition or flow rate from a drip source. Following the formal development of the ANN, we have prepared a “user-friendly” version in a spreadsheet environment (in “Excel”). The input data are selected from appropriate values and the output is instantaneous resulting in a picture of the resulting water plume. The MA has also proven valuable, on its own merit, in the description of the flow in soil under laboratory conditions for both wettable and repellant soils. This includes non-Darcian flow examples and redistribution and well as infiltration. Field experiments were conducted in different agricultural fields and various water qualities in Israel. The obtained results will be the basis for the further ANN models development. Regions of high repellence were identified primarily under the canopy of various orchard crops, including citrus and persimmons. Also, increasing OM in the applied water lead to greater repellency. Major scientific implications are that the ANN offers an alternative to conventional flow and transport modeling and that MA is a powerful technique for describing the subsurface water distributions for normal (wettable) and repellant soil. Implications of the field measurements point to the special role of OM in affecting wettability, both from the irrigation water and from soil accumulation below canopies. Implications for agriculture are that a modified approach for drip system design should be adopted for open area crops and orchards, and taking into account the OM components both in the soil and in the applied waters.
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Hertel, Thomas, David Hummels, Maros Ivanic und Roman Keeney. How Confident Can We Be in CGE-Based Assessments of Free Trade Agreements? GTAP Working Paper, Juni 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp26.
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With the proliferation of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) over the past decade, demand for quantitative analysis of their likely impacts has surged. The main quantitative tool for performing such analysis is Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modeling. Yet these models have been widely criticized for performing poorly (Kehoe, 2002) and having weak econometric foundations (McKitrick, 1998; Jorgenson, 1984). FTA results have been shown to be particularly sensitive to the trade elasticities, with small trade elasticities generating large terms of trade effects and relatively modest efficiency gains, whereas large trade elasticities lead to the opposite result. Critics are understandably wary of results being determined largely by the authors’ choice of trade elasticities. Where do these trade elasticities come from? CGE modelers typically draw these elasticities from econometric work that uses time series price variation to identify an elasticity of substitution between domestic goods and composite imports (Alaouze, 1977; Alaouze, et al., 1977; Stern et al., 1976; Gallaway, McDaniel and Rivera, 2003). This approach has three problems: the use of point estimates as “truth”, the magnitude of the point estimates, and estimating the relevant elasticity. First, modelers take point estimates drawn from the econometric literature, while ignoring the precision of these estimates. As we will make clear below, the confidence one has in various CGE conclusions depends critically on the size of the confidence interval around parameter estimates. Standard “robustness checks” such as systematically raising or lowering the substitution parameters does not properly address this problem because it ignores information about which parameters we know with some precision and which we do not. A second problem with most existing studies derives from the use of import price series to identify home vs. foreign substitution, for example, tends to systematically understate the true elasticity. This is because these estimates take price variation as exogenous when estimating the import demand functions, and ignore quality variation. When quality is high, import demand and prices will be jointly high. This biases estimated elasticities toward zero. A related point is that the fixed-weight import price series used by most authors are theoretically inappropriate for estimating the elasticities of interest. CGE modelers generally examine a nested utility structure, with domestic production substitution for a CES composite import bundle. The appropriate price series is then the corresponding CES price index among foreign varieties. Constructing such an index requires knowledge of the elasticity of substitution among foreign varieties (see below). By using a fixed-weight import price series, previous estimates place too much weight on high foreign prices, and too small a weight on low foreign prices. In other words, they overstate the degree of price variation that exists, relative to a CES price index. Reconciling small trade volume movements with large import price series movements requires a small elasticity of substitution. This problem, and that of unmeasured quality variation, helps explain why typical estimated elasticities are very small. The third problem with the existing literature is that estimates taken from other researchers’ studies typically employ different levels of aggregation, and exploit different sources of price variation, from what policy modelers have in mind. Employment of elasticities in experiments ill-matched to their original estimation can be problematic. For example, estimates may be calculated at a higher or lower level of aggregation than the level of analysis than the modeler wants to examine. Estimating substitutability across sources for paddy rice gives one a quite different answer than estimates that look at agriculture as a whole. When analyzing Free Trade Agreements, the principle policy experiment is a change in relative prices among foreign suppliers caused by lowering tariffs within the FTA. Understanding the substitution this will induce across those suppliers is critical to gauging the FTA’s real effects. Using home v. foreign elasticities rather than elasticities of substitution among imports supplied from different countries may be quite misleading. Moreover, these “sourcing” elasticities are critical for constructing composite import price series to appropriate estimate home v. foreign substitutability. In summary, the history of estimating the substitution elasticities governing trade flows in CGE models has been checkered at best. Clearly there is a need for improved econometric estimation of these trade elasticities that is well-integrated into the CGE modeling framework. This paper provides such estimation and integration, and has several significant merits. First, we choose our experiment carefully. Our CGE analysis focuses on the prospective Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA) currently under negotiation. This is one of the most important FTAs currently “in play” in international negotiations. It also fits nicely with the source data used to estimate the trade elasticities, which is largely based on imports into North and South America. Our assessment is done in a perfectly competitive, comparative static setting in order to emphasize the role of the trade elasticities in determining the conventional gains/losses from such an FTA. This type of model is still widely used by government agencies for the evaluation of such agreements. Extensions to incorporate imperfect competition are straightforward, but involve the introduction of additional parameters (markups, extent of unexploited scale economies) as well as structural assumptions (entry/no-entry, nature of inter-firm rivalry) that introduce further uncertainty. Since our focus is on the effects of a PTA we estimate elasticities of substitution across multiple foreign supply sources. We do not use cross-exporter variation in prices or tariffs alone. Exporter price series exhibit a high degree of multicolinearity, and in any case, would be subject to unmeasured quality variation as described previously. Similarly, tariff variation by itself is typically unhelpful because by their very nature, Most Favored Nation (MFN) tariffs are non-discriminatory in nature, affecting all suppliers in the same way. Tariff preferences, where they exist, are often difficult to measure – sometimes being confounded by quantitative barriers, restrictive rules of origin, and other restrictions. Instead we employ a unique methodology and data set drawing on not only tariffs, but also bilateral transportation costs for goods traded internationally (Hummels, 1999). Transportation costs vary much more widely than do tariffs, allowing much more precise estimation of the trade elasticities that are central to CGE analysis of FTAs. We have highly disaggregated commodity trade flow data, and are therefore able to provide estimates that precisely match the commodity aggregation scheme employed in the subsequent CGE model. We follow the GTAP Version 5.0 aggregation scheme which includes 42 merchandise trade commodities covering food products, natural resources and manufactured goods. With the exception of two primary commodities that are not traded, we are able to estimate trade elasticities for all merchandise commodities that are significantly different form zero at the 95% confidence level. Rather than producing point estimates of the resulting welfare, export and employment effects, we report confidence intervals instead. These are based on repeated solution of the model, drawing from a distribution of trade elasticity estimates constructed based on the econometrically estimated standard errors. There is now a long history of CGE studies based on SSA: Systematic Sensitivity Analysis (Harrison and Vinod, 1992; Wigle, 1991; Pagon and Shannon, 1987) Ho
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Castellano, Mike J., Abraham G. Shaviv, Raphael Linker und Matt Liebman. Improving nitrogen availability indicators by emphasizing correlations between gross nitrogen mineralization and the quality and quantity of labile soil organic matter fractions. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597926.bard.
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A major goal in Israeli and U.S. agroecosystems is to maximize nitrogen availability to crops while minimizing nitrogen losses to air and water resources. This goal has presented a significant challenge to global agronomists and scientists because crops require large inputs of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to maximize yield, but N fertilizers are easily lost to surrounding ecosystems where they contribute to water pollution and greenhouse gas concentrations. Determination of the optimum N fertilizer input is complex because the amount of N produced from soil organic matter varies with time, space and management. Indicators of soil N availability may help to guide requirements for N fertilizer inputs and are increasingly viewed as indicators of soil health To address these challenges and improve N availability indicators, project 4550 “Improving nitrogen availability indicators by emphasizing correlations between gross nitrogen mineralization and the quality and quantity of labile organic matter fractions” addressed the following objectives: Link the quantity and quality of labile soil organic matter fractions to indicators of soil fertility and environmental quality including: i) laboratory potential net N mineralization ii) in situ gross N mineralization iii) in situ N accumulation on ion exchange resins iv) crop uptake of N from mineralized soil organic matter sources (non-fertilizer N), and v) soil nitrate pool size. Evaluate and compare the potential for hot water extractable organic matter (HWEOM) and particulate organic matter quantity and quality to characterize soil N dynamics in biophysically variable Israeli and U.S. agroecosystems that are managed with different N fertility sources. Ultimately, we sought to determine if nitrogen availability indicators are the same for i) gross vs. potential net N mineralization processes, ii) diverse agroecosystems (Israel vs. US) and, iii) management strategies (organic vs. inorganic N fertility sources). Nitrogen availability indicators significantly differed for gross vs. potential N mineralization processes. These results highlight that different mechanisms control each process. Although most research on N availability indicators focuses on potential net N mineralization, new research highlights that gross N mineralization may better reflect plant N availability. Results from this project identify the use of ion exchange resin (IERs) beads as a potential technical advance to improve N mineralization assays and predictors of N availability. The IERs mimic the rhizosphere by protecting mineralized N from loss and immobilization. As a result, the IERs may save time and money by providing a measurement of N mineralization that is more similar to the costly and time consuming measurement of gross N mineralization. In further search of more accurate and cost-effective predictors of N dynamics, Excitation- Emission Matrix (EEM) spectroscopy analysis of HWEOM solution has the potential to provide reliable indicators for changes in HWEOM over time. These results demonstrated that conventional methods of labile soil organic matter quantity (HWEOM) coupled with new analyses (EEM) may be used to obtain more detailed information about N dynamics. Across Israeli and US soils with organic and inorganic based N fertility sources, multiple linear regression models were developed to predict gross and potential N mineralization. The use of N availability indicators is increasing as they are incorporated into soil health assessments and agroecosystem models that guide N inputs. Results from this project suggest that some soil variables can universally predict these important ecosystem process across diverse soils, climate and agronomic management. BARD Report - Project4550 Page 2 of 249
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Ravazdezh, Faezeh, Julio A. Ramirez und Ghadir Haikal. Improved Live Load Distribution Factors for Use in Load Rating of Older Slab and T-Beam Reinforced Concrete Bridges. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317303.
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This report describes a methodology for demand estimate through the improvement of load distribution factors in reinforced concrete flat-slab and T-beam bridges. The proposed distribution factors are supported on three-dimensional (3D) Finite Element (FE) analysis tools. The Conventional Load Rating (CLR) method currently in use by INDOT relies on a two-dimensional (2D) analysis based on beam theory. This approach may overestimate bridge demand as the result of neglecting the presence of parapets and sidewalks present in these bridges. The 3D behavior of a bridge and its response could be better modeled through a 3D computational model by including the participation of all elements. This research aims to investigate the potential effect of railings, parapets, sidewalks, and end-diaphragms on demand evaluation for purposes of rating reinforced concrete flat-slab and T-beam bridges using 3D finite element analysis. The project goal is to improve the current lateral load distribution factor by addressing the limitations resulting from the 2D analysis and ignoring the contribution of non-structural components. Through a parametric study of the slab and T-beam bridges in Indiana, the impact of selected parameters on demand estimates was estimated, and modifications to the current load distribution factors in AASHTO were proposed.
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Sola, Martín, und Martín González Rozada. Towards a "New" Inflation Targeting Framework: The Case of Uruguay. Inter-American Development Bank, Februar 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011621.
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Using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with financial frictions, this paper evaluates the effects of a rule that incorporates not only the interest rate but also the legal reserve requirements as instruments of monetary policy. It is found that reserve requirements can be used to achieve the Central Bank's inflation objectives. The use of this instrument, however, produces a real appreciation of the Uruguayan peso. When the Central Bank uses the monetary policy rate as an instrument, the effect of an increase in reserve requirements is to contribute to reducing the negative impact on consumption, investment and output. Nevertheless, the quantitative results in terms of inflation reduction are rather poor. The policy rate becomes more effective in reducing inflation when the reserve requirement instrument is solely directed at achieving financial stability. The paper's main policy conclusion is that a well-targeted non-conventional policy instrument can help to effectively control inflation.