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1
Pilarski, Lukasz T. „Palladacycles for non-redox C-C bond forming reactions“. Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495644.
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This thesis is concerned with the use of palladacyclic complexes as catalysts for C-C and C-heteroatom bond-forming reactions in which an oxidation state change of the metal centre is not part of the catalytic cycle. To this end, the investigation of a range of known K²-C,L-based palladacycles in the allylation of aldehyde and imine substrates using stannanes, as well as the 1,4-conjugate arylation of enones and imines using arylboronic acids under mild conditions is described. In each case the commercially available phosphite-based dimeric palladacycle is found to be the most active complex capable of achieving excellent conversions (>90%) at the 0.5 - 2.5mol% loading range. Three previously unknown phosphinite and amidophosphinite palladium pincer complexes are also synthesised, characterised (including crystallographically) and tested in the 1,4-conjugate addition of phenylboronic acid to chalcone and found to be inactive.
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Pal, S. „Non-metallic approaches for C-H and C-Si bond activations“. Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2013. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/1921.
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3
LELLOUCHE, ISABELLE A. S. „Etude des systemes biomimetiques de transformations des liaisons c-h non activees en liaisons c-o, c-s, et c-se catalysees par des complexes de fer non-heminiques“. Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112333.
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La chalcogenation des hydrocarbures satures a ete effectuee avec les systemes d'oxydation de type gif, utilisant des catalyseurs de fer non-heminique dans le melange pyridine-acide acetique, avec l'oxygene moleculaire associee a un reducteur de source metallique (fe:gif#i#i#&#i#i#izn:gif#i#v) ou electrochimique (cathode de carbone vitreux: g. O. ) ou avec le peroxyde d'hydrogene (goagg#i#i#&#i#i#i), en presence de reactifs chalcogenes organiques (diphenyl, dialkyl ou alkyl-phenyl) ou inorganiques du selenium et du soufre. Une grande difference de reactivite a ete notee entre les reactifs selenies et leurs homologues soufres. Les diphenyl et dialkyl diseleniures ont une reactivite comparable et conduisent a la formation selective d'ethers selenies (phenyl-alkyl ou dialkyl) avec de bons rendements (78-87%). Le diphenyl disulfure conduit a la formation competitive de thioethers (phenyl-alkyl) et des produits oxygenes (cetone, alcool) avec des rendements modestes. Les dialkyl disulfures, les thiols ainsi que les composes possedant du soufre active a caractere electrophile (rsso#3na, r#1sso#2r#2, r#2nsr), ne conduisent pas a la formation du thioether. L'emploi de reactifs mineraux du soufre (h#2s, na#2s, nahs, s#8) a conduit a la formation simultanee de composes polysoufres (rs#nr, n=2, 3, 4) et oxygenes, avec des rendements pouvant atteindre 62%/s et des efficacites electroniques de 15-25%. L'etude des differents parametres du systeme (concentration de l'acide, ajout d'acide picolinique, concentration du substrat) a permis de mettre au point des conditions de formation selective des produits polysoufres. Le mecanisme de formation des produits polysoufres, qui ne fait pas intervenir de radicaux libres ni de soufre moleculaire a l'etat singulet peut etre decrit par une etape de couplage de ligands alkyl et sulfhydryl ou disulfhydryl d'un intermediaire du fer commun aux produits soufres et oxygenes. L'etude en absorption x (exafs, xanes) a montre la structure polynucleaire du complexe de fer(iii) stable dans le melange reactionnel goagg#i#i, mais mononucleaire dans le melange goagg#i#i#i
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Gomez, Lopez Arley. „Phopholipase c and hemolysis in non-tuberculous mycobacteria“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211690.
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5
Concepcion, Rowen. „Introducing Non-Determinism to the Parallel C Compiler“. CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/22.
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The Planguages project is the birthplace of the Planguage programmingapproach, which is designed to alleviate the task of writing parallelprograms and harness massively parallel computers and networks of workstations.
Planguage has two existing translators, Parallel C (PC) and Pfortran,which is used for their base languages, C and Fortran77. The translatorswork with MPI (Message Passing Interface) for communications. SOS(ipStreams, Overlapping and Shortcutting), a function library that supportsthe three named functionalities, can be used to further optimize parallel algorithms.
This project is the next step in the continuing project of updatingthe PC Compiler. The goal is to test the viability of using “shortcutting”functions. Parallel programs with the ability to shortcut can be generatedby the updated version of the PC Compiler. In addition, this project introducesthe ability of the PC Compiler to translate a race condition intoa non-deterministic solution.
This document explores different phases of the project in detail. Thefollowing phases are included: software design, algorithm design, analysis,and results. The deliverables, source code, and diagrams are included asAppendices.
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Srivastava, Sachi. „Laplace transforms, non-analytic growth bounds and C₀-semigroups“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249507.
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In this thesis, we study a non-analytic growth bound $\zeta(f)$ associated with an exponentially bounded measurable function $f: \mathbb{R}_{+} \to \mathbf{X},$ which measures the extent to which $f$ can be approximated by holomorphic functions. This growth bound is related to the location of the domain of holomorphy of the Laplace transform of $f$ far from the real axis. We study the properties of $\zeta(f)$ as well as two associated abscissas, namely the non-analytic abscissa of convergence, $\zeta_{1}(f)$ and the non-analytic abscissa of absolute convergence $\kappa(f)$. These new bounds may be considered as non-analytic analogues of the exponential growth bound $\omega_{0}(f)$ and the abscissas of convergence and absolute convergence of the Laplace transform of $f,$ $\operatorname{abs}(f)$ and $\operatorname{abs}(\|f\|)$. Analogues of several well known relations involving the growth bound and abscissas of convergence associated with $f$ and abscissas of holomorphy of the Laplace transform of $f$ are established. We examine the behaviour of $\zeta$ under regularisation of $f$ by convolution and obtain, in particular, estimates for the non-analytic growth bound of the classical fractional integrals of $f$. The definitions of $\zeta, \zeta_{1}$ and $\kappa$ extend to the operator-valued case also. For a $C_{0}$-semigroup $\mathbf{T}$ of operators, $\zeta(\mathbf{T})$ is closely related to the critical growth bound of $\mathbf{T}$. We obtain a characterisation of the non-analytic growth bound of $\mathbf{T}$ in terms of Fourier multiplier properties of the resolvent of the generator. Yet another characterisation of $\zeta(\mathbf{T}) $ is obtained in terms of the existence of unique mild solutions of inhomogeneous Cauchy problems for which a non-resonance condition holds. We apply our theory of non-analytic growth bounds to prove some results in which $\zeta(\mathbf{T})$ does not appear explicitly; for example, we show that all the growth bounds $\omega_{\alpha}(\mathbf{T}), \alpha >0,$ of a $C_{0}$-semigroup $\mathbf{T}$ coincide with the spectral bound $s(\mathbf{A})$, provided the pseudo-spectrum is of a particular shape. Lastly, we shift our focus from non-analytic bounds to sun-reflexivity of a Banach space with respect to $C_{0}$-semigroups. In particular, we study the relations between the existence of certain approximations of the identity on the Banach space $\xspace$ and that of $C_{0}$-semigroups on $\mathbf{X}$ which make $\mathbf{X}$ sun-reflexive.
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Aflalo, Esther. „Non-trivialité de points C. M. Et vecteurs test“. Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066530.
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Cette thèse généralise des résultats de Cornut et Vatsal sur la non-trivialité de points C. M. Sur des quotients de Jacobiennes de courbes de Shimura dans des extensions infinies de ring class fields. Nous reprenons dans notre démonstration des techniques utilisées par les deux auteurs sus-cités ; notre innovation, qui intervient lors de la recherche d'une nouvelle paramétrisation prenant en compte l'action galoisienne sur ces points, est l'utilisation de méthodes issues de la théorie des représentations de GL2, au sein desquelles les vecteurs test introduits par Gross et Prasad jouent un rôle prédominantThis thesis generalises the results of Cornut and Vatsal on non-triviality of C. M. Points on quotients of Jacobians of Shimura curves in infinite towers of ring class fields. The proof uses methods of Cornut and Vatsal. The main new ingredient, which appears in the search of a new parametrization taking into account the Galois action, is the use of representation theory of GL2, in which the test vectors in the sense of Gross and Prasad play a prominent role
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Simon, Matthieu. „Etude des formes non natives du cytochrome c humain“. Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1B012.
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Le cytochrome c est impliqué dans le déclenchement de l’apoptose par l’acquisition d’une activité peroxydase. L’acquisition de cette activité est liée à des modifications structurales de la protéine en interaction avec les cardiolipides présents dans la membrane interne mitochondriale. Cependant, la nature exacte des formes non natives du cytochrome c en interaction avec la membrane fait encore débat. Au cours de cette étude, en utilisant des cytochromes c humain (le sauvage, deux simples mutants histidines et le double mutant correspondant) ainsi que des micelles et des vésicules lipidiques comme modèles membranaires, nous avons réussi, en utilisant la spectroscopie UV-visible, le dichroïsme circulaire et la RMN, à caractériser la nature du sixième ligand axial qui remplace la méthionine native. En effectuant des titrations en pH, nous avons pu identifier les acides aminés en interaction avec le fer de l’hème sur une large gamme de pH. Le remplacement de la méthionine par une lysine a été uniquement observé à des valeurs de pH supérieures à 8,5, alors que l’interaction des histidines avec le fer de l’hème est dépendante de la concentration micellaire et du pH. La gamme de variation de pH correspondant à la protonation des histidines est faible et compatible avec les variations de pH observées au cours de l’apoptose. Ces résultats nous ont permis d’exclure les lysines comme sixième ligand de la protéine à des pH proches de la neutralité, et de renforcer la prédominance des histidines et plus particulièrement de l’histidine 33 pour jouer ce rôle. Enfin, en se basant sur les résultats obtenus in vitro et des simulations par dynamiques moléculaires, nous proposons un modèle 3D du cytochrome c en interaction micellaireIn addition to its electron transfer activity, cytochrome c is now known to trigger apoptosis via peroxidase activity. This new function is related to a structural modification of the cytochrome upon association with anionic lipids, particularly cardiolipin present in the mitochondrial membrane. However, the exact nature of the non-native state induced by this interaction remains an active subject of debate. In this work, using human cytochromes c (native, two single-histidine mutants and the corresponding double mutant) and micelles or small unilamellar vesicles as a hydrophobic medium, we succeeded, through UV–visible spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy, in fully characterizing the nature of the sixth ligand replacing the native methionine. Furthermore, careful pH titrations permitted the identification of the amino acids involved in the iron binding over a range of pH values. Replacement of the methionine by lysine was only observed at pH above 8. 5, whereas histidine binding is dependent on both pH and micelle concentration. The pH variation range for histidine protonation is relatively narrow and is consistent with the mitochondrial intermembrane pH changes occurring during apoptosis. These results allow us to rule out lysine as the sixth ligand at pH values close to neutrality and reinforce the role of histidines (preferentially His33 vs His26) as the main candidate to replace methionine in the non-native cytochrome c. Finally, on the basis of these results and molecular dynamics simulations, we propose a 3D model for non-native cytochrome c in a micellar environment
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Guiglielmoni, Nadege. „Improving genome assemblies of non-model non-vertebrate animals with long reads and Hi-C“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/331242/5/ContratDiGuiglielmoni.pdf.
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The corpus of reference genomes is rapidly expanding as more and more genome assemblies are released for a wide variety of species. The constant progress in sequencing technologies has led to the release in 2021 of a first complete, telomere-to-telomere, gap-less assembly of a human genome, yet a myriad of eukaryote species still lack genomic resources. For animals, genomic projects have focused on species closely related to humans (vertebrates) and those with an impact on health and agriculture. By contrast, there is still a dearth of non-vertebrate genomes that poorly represents their tremendous diversity (about 95% of animal diversity).Haploid chromosome-level genome assemblies using long reads and chromosome conformation capture (such as Hi-C) have become a standard in recent publications. To provide a haploid representation of diploid and polyploid genomes, assemblers collapse haplotypes into a single sequence, yet they are sensitive to high levels of heterozygosity and often yield fragmented assemblies with artefactual duplications. I tackled these shortcomings with two strategies: improving collapsed assemblies with a comprehensive long-read assembly methodology tuned for highly heterozygous genomes; and separating haplotypes to obtain phased assemblies using long reads and Hi-C. The assemblies were finally brought to chromosome-level scaffolds with a new Hi-C scaffolder, which demonstrated its efficiency on genomes of non-model organisms.These methods were applied to generate chromosome-level assemblies of three species for which none or few assemblies of closely related species were available: the bdelloid rotifer Adineta vaga, the coral Astrangia poculata, and the chaetognath Flaccisagitta enflata. These high-quality assemblies contribute to filling the current gaps in non-vertebrate genomics and pave the way for future sequencing initiatives aiming to generate such reference assemblies for all the species on Earth.Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Lockley, Timothy James. „Encounters between non-slaveholding whites and Afro-Americans in low-country Georgia, c.1750-c.1830“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271967.
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Buck, Julian Michael 1982. „Crossed product C*-algebras of certain non-simple C*-algebras and the tracial quasi-Rokhlin property“. Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10849.
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viii, 113 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.This dissertation consists of four principal parts. In the first, we introduce the tracial quasi-Rokhlin property for an automorphism α of a C *-algebra A (which is not assumed to be simple or to contain any projections). We then prove that under suitable assumptions on the algebra A , the associated crossed product C *-algebra C *([Special characters omitted.] , A , α) is simple, and the restriction map between the tracial states of C *([Special characters omitted.] , A , α) and the α-invariant tracial states on A is bijective. In the second part, we introduce a comparison property for minimal dynamical systems (the dynamic comparison property) and demonstrate sufficient conditions on the dynamical system which ensure that it holds. The third part ties these concepts together by demonstrating that given a minimal dynamical system ( X, h ) and a suitable simple C *-algebra A , a large class of automorphisms β of the algebra C ( X, A ) have the tracial quasi-Rokhlin property, with the dynamic comparison property playing a key role. Finally, we study the structure of the crossed product C *-algebra B = C *([Special characters omitted.] , C ( X , A ), β) by introducing a subalgebra B { y } of B , which is shown to be large in a sense that allows properties B { y } of to pass to B . Several conjectures about the deeper structural properties of B { y } and B are stated and discussed.
Committee in charge: Christopher Phillips, Chairperson, Mathematics; Daniel Dugger, Member, Mathematics; Huaxin Lin, Member, Mathematics; Marcin Bownik, Member, Mathematics; Van Kolpin, Outside Member, Economics
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Wynn, Andrew. „The weighted weiss conjecture for non-analytic C o -semigroups“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504383.
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Inman, Louise. „The c-Kit signalling pathway and acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemogenesis“. Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365066.
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14
Bettinelli, Armand. „Cofrittage de l'alumine et du tungstene a 1400 non= c“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13144.
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Fabrication des ensembles multicouches ayant pour role la protection et l'interconnexion des circuits integres. Diminution de la temperature de cofrittage de 1600 a 1400 non=c. Etude de cofrittage realisee sur des bandes d'alumine coulees par "tape casting" puis serigraphiees
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Wang, Xiaodong. „Classes de récurrence par chaînes non hyperboliques des difféomorphismes C¹“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS100/document.
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La dynamique d'un difféomorphisme d'une variété compacte est essentiellement concentrée sur l'ensemble récurrent par chaînes, qui est partitionné en classes de récurrence par chaînes, disjointes et indécomposables. Le travail de Bonatti et Crovisier [BC] montre que, pour les difféomorphismes C¹-génériques, une classe de récurrence par chaînes ou bien est une classe homocline, ou bien ne contient pas de point périodique. Une classe de récurrence par chaînes sans point périodique est appelée classe apériodique.Il est clair qu'une classe homocline hyperbolique ni contient d'orbite périodique faible ni supporte de mesure non hyperbolique.Cette thèse tente de donner une caractérisation des classes homoclines non hyperboliques en montrant qu'elles contiennent des orbites périodiques faibles ou des mesures ergodiques non hyperboliques. Cette thèse décrit également les décompositions dominées sur les classes apériodiques.Le premier résultat de cette thèse montre que, pour les difféomorphismes C¹-génériques, si les orbites périodiques contenues dans une classe homocline H(p) ont tous leurs exposants de Lyapunov bornés loin de zéro, alors H(p) doit être (uniformément) hyperbolique. Ceci est dans l'esprit des travaux sur la conjecture de stabilité, mais il y a une différence importante lorsque la classe homocline H(p) n'est pas isolée. Par conséquent, nous devons garantir que des orbites périodiques "faibles'', crées par perturbations au voisinage de la classe homocline, sont contenues dans la classe. En ce sens, le problème est de nature "intrinsèque'', et l'argument classique de la conjecture de stabilité est impraticable.Le deuxième résultat de cette thèse prouve une conjecture de Díaz et Gorodetski [DG]: pour les difféomorphismes C¹-génériques, si une classe homocline n'est pas hyperbolique, alors elle porte une mesure ergodique non hyperbolique. C'est un travail en collaboration avec C. Cheng, S. Crovisier, S. Gan et D. Yang. Dans la démonstration, nous devons appliquer une technique introduité dans [DG], et qui améliore la méthode de [GIKN], pour obtenir une mesure ergodique comme limite d'une suite de mesures périodiques.Le troisième résultat de cette thèse énonce que, génériquement, une décomposition dominée non-triviale sur une classe apériodique stable au sens de Lyapunov est en fait une décomposition partiellement hyperbolique. Plus précisément, pour les difféomorphismes C¹-génériques, si une classe apériodique stable au sens de Lyapunov a une décomposition dominée non-triviale Eoplus F, alors, l'un des deux fibrés est hyperbolique: soit E contracté, soit F dilaté.Dans les démonstrations des résultats principaux, nous construisons des perturbations qui ne sont pas obtenues directement à partir des lemmes de connexion classiques. En fait, il faut appliquer le lemme de connexion un grand nombre (et même un nombre infini) de fois. Nous expliquons les méthodes de connexions multiples dans le Chapitre 3The dynamics of a diffeomorphism of a compact manifold concentrates essentially on the chain recurrent set, which splits into disjoint indecomposable chain recurrence classes. By the work of Bonatti and Crovisier [BC], for C¹-generic diffeomorphisms, a chain recurrence class either is a homoclinic class or contains no periodic point. A chain recurrence class without a periodic point is called an aperiodic class.Obviously, a hyperbolic homoclinic class can neither contain weak periodic orbit or support non-hyperbolic ergodic measure.This thesis attempts to give a characterization of non-hyperbolic homoclinic classes via weak periodic orbits inside or non-hyperbolic ergodic measures supported on it. Also, this thesis gives a description of the dominated splitting on Lyapunov stable aperiodic classes.The first result of this thesis shows that for C¹-generic diffeomorphisms, if the periodic orbits contained in a homoclinic class H(p) have all their Lyapunov exponents bounded away from 0, then H(p) must be (uniformly) hyperbolic. This is in spirit of the works of the stability conjecture, but with a significant difference that the homoclinic class H(p) is not known isolated in advance. Hence the "weak'' periodic orbits created by perturbations near the homoclinic class have to be guaranteed strictly inside the homoclinic class. In this sense the problem is of an "intrinsic" nature, and the classical argument of the stability conjecture does not pass through.The second result of this thesis proves a conjecture by Díaz and Gorodetski [DG]: for C¹-generic diffeomorphisms, if a homoclinic class is not hyperbolic, then there is a non-hyperbolic ergodic measure supported on it. This is a joint work with C. Cheng, S. Crovisier, S. Gan and D. Yang. In the proof, we have to use a technic introduced in [DG], which developed the method of [GIKN], to get an ergodic measure by taking the limit of a sequence of periodic measures.The third result of this thesis states that, generically, a non-trivial dominated splitting over a Lyapunov stable aperiodic class is in fact a partially hyperbolic splitting. To be precise, for C¹-generic diffeomorphisms, if a Lyapunov stable aperiodic class admits a non-trivial dominated splitting Eoplus F, then one of the two bundles is hyperbolic: either E is contracted or F is expanded.In the proofs of the main results, we construct several perturbations which are not simple applications of the connecting lemmas. In fact, one has to apply the connecting lemma several (even infinitely many) times. We will give the detailed explanations of the multi-connecting processes in Chapter 3
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Molnar, Kelly. „Contribution of non-muscle myosins to C. elegans embryonic elongation“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS091.pdf.
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La morphogenèse de l'embryon de C. elegans est caractérisée par un allongement quadruple, qui se produit sans aucune division ou intercalation cellulaire. Ce processus de changement de forme cellulaire se produit en deux étapes distinctes, dont la seconde est déclenchée par un apport mécanique des muscles. Les deux étapes nécessitent de l'actomyosine dans l'épiderme. Ce travail est une investigation de la deuxième étape, notamment l'interaction entre les muscles et l'épiderme, et le rôle précis des deux myosines non musculaires NMY-1 et NMY-2. Cette paire de moteurs moléculaires est essentielle pour l'allongement, leur inhibition à l'aide de mutants sensibles à la température ayant provoqué un arrêt immédiat, malgré l'apport mécanique continu des muscles. De plus, après l'arrêt, les myosines peuvent retrouver leur état fonctionnel et l'allongement peut reprendre. Il a également été démontré ici que des moteurs de myosine inactifs forment des agrégats dans l'épiderme. Il est probable que cette paire de myosines soit chargée de tirer les câbles d'actine circonférentiels de l'épiderme l'un vers l'autre, ce qui fournit la force nécessaire à l'allongementThe morphogenesis in the C. elegans embryo is characterized by a four-fold elongation, which occurs without any cell division or intercalation. This process of cell-shape change occurs in two distinct stages, the second of which is triggered by an initial mechanical input from the muscles. Both stages require actomyosin in the epidermis. This work is an investigation of the second stage, especially the interplay between the muscles and the epidermis, and the precise role of the two non-muscle myosins NMY-1 and NMY-2. This pair of molecular motors is essential for the late stage elongation, their inhibition using temperature sensitive mutants having been shown to cause immediate arrest, despite continued mechanical input from the muscles. Furthermore, after arrest, the myosins can return to their functional state and elongation is able to resume. Inactive myosin motors also have been shown here to form aggregates in the epidermis. It is likely that this myosin pair is responsible for pulling circumferential actin cables in the epidermis towards one another, this providing the force necessary for elongation
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Summy, Justin Matthew. „Functional domain contributions to signaling specificity between the non-receptor tyrosine kinases c-src and c-yes“. Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2239.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 195 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 182-190).
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Li, Shanglei. „Intelligent Non-destructive Measurement and Evaluation Techniques for Aircraft Composites“. OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/764.
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The research work focuses on implementing intelligent measurement and diagnostic techniques for the non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of aircraft carbon composites. The outcome of this research work developed reliable and faster techniques to aid in the rapid assessment of defects in anisotropic carbon composites by applying ultrasonic and infrared thermography NDE methods. To fulfill the requirement of the intelligent non-destructive evaluation methods, this research is divided into four sub-researches: fuzzy logic based delamination detection, super-resolution image reconstruction for ultrasonic C-scan, ultrasonic 3D reconstruction, and polynomial fitting techniques for infrared thermography inspection. These researches focus on the improvement and optimization of current ultrasonic testing and infrared thermography inspection. They are independent but interrelated component, and they all serve the same goal which is to interpret data correctly and provide detailed information about the region of interests (ROI) for intelligent non-destructive measurement and evaluation. Details of these researches are presented in Chapter 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively. For the ultrasonic testing, a fuzzy inference classifier will be used to generate the rule base and knowledge base for different kinds of defects in composites. It will automatically manage large amounts of signal data sets and extract the important information. Data features and NDE expert knowledge are seamlessly combined to provide the best possible diagnosis of the potential defects and problems. As a result, the outcome of this research work will help ensure the integrity and reliability of carbon composites. The C-scan image resolution of ultrasonic testing system was improved by applying super-resolution algorithms to overcome the inherent resolution limitations of the existing ultrasonic system. It greatly improves the image quality and allows for more detailed inspection of the ROI with high resolution, making defect evaluation easier and more accurate. The ultrasonic 3D reconstruction technique will be able to provide NDE inspectors with more detailed information on defect depth, volume, and 3D structure, as well as help them make quick, accurate, and reliable decisions. For the IR inspection, the thermography methods based on the thermal contrast are strongly affected by non-uniform heating which due to the heat source alignment and specimen thickness variation. The proposed polynomial curve fitting and surface fitting techniques were applied to eliminate the non-uniform heating effect by subtracting the estimated non-uniform heating pattern from the corrupted IR images. Mainly, aircraft composite material: carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) panels will be considered for this research work. Based on the preliminary study, delamination defects due to impact damage and foreign object inclusions artificially embedded in CFRP panels were successfully detected by immersion ultrasonic testing (UT) and IRT inspection. Therefore, the next step will be in improving the detection algorithm and developing an intelligent quality inspection technique for NDE testing. Powered with multiple image processing techniques and mathematical algorithms, the research result will provide high resolution images and detailed information about defect areas. In addition, it will also capable of identifying the type, shape, size, and the distribution of defect.
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Lütjens, Jörn. „X-ray volume imaging on a non-motorised surgical C-arm“. Thesis, University of Surrey, 2002. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843475/.
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The original idea underlying this thesis was to show whether and to what extent it is feasible to use a surgical C-arm for volume reconstruction in the field of medical imaging. Surgical C-arms are widely used as intra-operational imaging tools, for instance for navigation or verification. They provide the possibility to easily obtain X-ray images of a patient from an arbitrary viewing angle. These features make them a promising candidate for the use in volume reconstruction, since this requires the recording of a number of images from many directions. In the last years, several approaches with different kinds of C-arms have been undertaken by different research groups or companies. Since the three-dimensional imaging of patients requires an accurate knowledge of the projection geometry, the larger, more rigid, and motorised vascular G-arm systems have been the gantries of choice. These C-arms are usually heavy and ceiling-mounted. They require a large room to be placed and moved in. Surgical C-arms, on the other hand, are less stable, but movable and flexible. The feasibility of using a movable surgical C-arm for volume reconstruction of its linear attenuation coefficients will be evaluated in this thesis. To this end, system calibration techniques, reconstruction methods, visualisation techniques, and possible medical applications have been explored. It will be shown, which extend of calibration is necessary for a surgical C- arm to provide the quality of data needed for volume reconstruction. The reconstructions are performed on the basis of a standard algorithm due to Feldkamp et al. Results are presented as maximum-intensity-projections (MIPs), volume slices as in classic CT, and volume-rendered images of the reconstructed volumes. These images could be used for the diagnosis of bone-related injuries or diseases, the planning and/or verification of the placement of pins supporting the recovery of splintered bones or the modelling of prostheses with a higher precision than today. The work includes the development of new interpolative calibration methods that enable the use of arbitrary system trajectories in future C-arm gantries.
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Stevens, Irina. „Hereditary subalgebras of certain simple non real rank zero C§*-algebras“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0011/NQ41511.pdf.
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21
Mainka, Jeldrik L. C. Verfasser], Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Kloft und Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] [Budelmann. „Non-Waste-Wachsschalungstechnologie / Jeldrik L. C. Mainka ; Harald Kloft, Harald Budelmann“. Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1188406507/34.
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22
Heald, Andrew. „Non-ferrous metalworking in Iron Age Scotland c.700BC to AD800“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503112.
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1bis thesis discusses the evidence for non-ferrous metalworking, particularly casting, during the Scottish Iron Age (arra 700BC to AD 800). The wider goal is to offer a fuller understanding of the role that the production of bronze, silver and gold objects played in Iron Age society. Following an outline of the theoretical and methodological framework adopted throughout the study the evidence for the different stages involved in non-ferrous metalworking is discussed. Detailed catalogues, descriptions and scientific analysis of the material and its context are given, together with discussion of typology, technology, provenance and chronology. The corpus is then reviewed within three case studies, chronologically divided into the Early, Middle, and Late Iron Age. The aim of each study is to analyse the role and meaning of non-ferrous working, the smiths and the objects in specific regions at different periods. In the process, metalworking is contextualised within wider themes and frameworks for Iron Age society. 1bis study suggests that non-ferrous metalworking was a fundamental concern to important individuals, a prized asset not open to all. The practice played a crucial role in the creation and maintenance of different social and political trajectories at various times and places throughout Iron Age Scotland.
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Webb, Craig Paul. „C-MET signalling in MDCK cells and a non-scattering variant“. Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294659.
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24
Mainka, Jeldrik L. C. Verfasser], Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] [Kloft und Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Budelmann. „Non-Waste-Wachsschalungstechnologie / Jeldrik L. C. Mainka ; Harald Kloft, Harald Budelmann“. Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2019. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:084-2019061111598.
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25
CABIOCH, JEAN-LUC. „Synthese et etudes physico-chimiques de phosphaalcenes c-monosubstitues non encombres“. Rennes 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REN10047.
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La synthese de derives non stabilises, p-non substitues, de coordinance 2 du phosphore a ete realisee par deshydrochloration d'-chloroalkyl ou -benzylphosphines. Ces dernieres ont ete preparees par reduction des -chloroalkyl ou -benzylphosphonates correspondants a l'aide de l'hydrure d'aluminium (alh#3). Les phosphaalcenes peuvent etre formes aussi bien en phase gazeuse qu'en solution et sont caracterises par spectroscopie infra-rouge, de masse, et par piegeage chimique (reactions de cycloadditions). Cette methodologie a ete appliquee pour la synthese du phospha-1 butadiene. La chloromethylvinylphosphine a, dans ce cas, ete obtenue par reduction du phosphonate correspondant a l'aide du dichloroalane (alhcl#2). Le phospha-1 butadiene a ete mis en evidence
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Renaudat, Alice. „Fonctionnalisation de liaisons C(sp3)-H non activées catalysées par le palladium“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00704011.
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La fonctionnalisation de liaisons C-H réputées peu réactives ouvre de nouvelles perspectives en synthèse organique. Une stratégie efficace consiste en l'utilisation d'un métal de transition. Les travaux de thèse présentés dans ce mémoire s'inscrivent dans ce contexte. Dans un premier temps, la réaction étudiée, catalysée par le palladium, vise à étendre une méthodologie mise au point au laboratoire, permettant la synthèse de benzocyclobutènes par activation intramoléculaire de liaisons C(sp3)-H de groupements méthyles benzyliques, à des composés non aromatiques. Plusieurs substrats ont été synthétisés pour être ensuite placés dans les conditions de la réaction d'activation C(sp3)-H, dans le but d'induire la formation du cyclobutène ou du cyclobutane désiré. Le processus n'est pas sélectif et de nombreux produits secondaires sont obtenus par des réactions péricyliques ou par des réarrangements suite à l'ouverture du palladacycle intermédiaire. Dans un deuxième temps, nos travaux ont permis de mettre à jour une nouvelle réaction de fonctionnalisation C(sp3)-H, catalysée par le palladium permettant l'arylation d'esters en position β par un mécanisme original. Les investigations portent sur l'optimisation complète de cette réaction, la compréhension du mécanisme et le développement d'une version énantiosélective prometteuse. Le mécanisme de cette réaction, confirmé par des calculs DFT réalisés en collaboration avec C. Kefalidis et E. Clot, se rapproche formellement de celui observé en α-arylation, puisqu'il repose sur la formation d'un énolate de palladium. La stratégie mise au point permet le couplage, dans des conditions douces, d'esters simples et commerciaux avec des halogénures d'aryles contenant un groupement électronégatif en position ortho, donnant ainsi accès à des intermédiaires de synthèse intéressants tels qu'un analogue de la phénylalanine ou des composés fluorés.
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Bürckstümmer, Tilmann. „Identification of cellular targets of hepatitis C virus non-structural protein 5A“. [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2005/150/index.html.
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Byrne, Philippa Jane Estrild. „"Non est misericordia vera nisi sit ordinata" : pastoral theology and the practice of English justice, c. 1100 - c. 1250“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bf675adb-33f4-4cb8-9cc7-a70f287e7d56.
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This thesis examines the relationship, in theory and in practice, between the concepts of justice (iustitia) and mercy (misericordia) in English courts between c. 1100 and c. 1250. During this period English judges (in courts of both common and canon law) were faced with a serious dilemma. The emergence of systematic law had fundamentally altered the pastoral foundations of the act of judgement. On the one hand, judges were incorporated into a system of law in which justice was expected to be routine and regular. They were bound by procedure, and ‘justice’ was considered to lie in the return of due punishment for injury. On the other, this notion of strict justice coexisted with an alternative way of conceiving of judicial responsibilities, which emphasised that justice was incomplete unless it incorporated within it the principle of mercy. This tradition argued that, both for the benefit of the offender and the judge’s own soul, it was safer and more virtuous to mitigate the punishments prescribed by law. English judges were caught in a dilemma, and were, in effect, obliged to choose between two fundamentally opposed ideas of justice, and two starkly contrasting approaches to sentencing. This thesis argues that such a choice was a problem which concerned the schools of theology as much as it did the courts of law. It examines the attempts of theologians and lawyers to resolve the dilemma and provide practical counsel to judges. Scripture, classical philosophy and patristic texts were the key sources in a discussion of how judicial discretion should be exercised in choosing between punitive and merciful courses of action. Rather than conceiving of justice as a purely procedural exercise, English law, and English judges, appreciated that the act of giving judgement was a complex pastoral challenge.
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Hantschel, Oliver. „Structural and functional analysis of the non receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970379552.
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30
Wardell, Andrew D. „Expression and characterisation of the hepatitis C virus non-structural protein 3“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11239.
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31
Marongiu, Michela. „Studies on the hyperphosphorylation of hepatitis C virus non structural protein NSSA“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548251.
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Bhati, Anubhuti. „EXPRESSION OF HEPATITIS C VIRAL NON-STRUCTURAL 3 ANTIGEN IN TRANSGENIC CHLOROPLASTS“. Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3076.
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Hepatitis C viral infection is the major cause of acute hepatitis and chronic liver disease and remains the leading cause of liver transplants (NIH). An estimated 180 million people are infected globally (WHO). There is no vaccine available to prevent hepatitis C. The treatment with antiviral drugs is expensive, accompanied with various side effects and is limited only to those at risk of developing advanced liver disease. The treatment is also effective in only about 30% to 50% of treated patients and still a high percentage of patients are resistant to therapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of effective vaccine antigens and an efficacious HCV vaccine. The non-structural 3 protein of the hepatitis C virus is a multifunctional protein of the virus required for virus polyprotein processing and replication. Vaccine antigen production via chloroplast transformation system usually results in high expression levels and eliminates the possibility of contamination with vector sequences,human or animal pathogens. The HCV NS3 antigen was expressed in the chloroplast of Nicotiana tabacum var. Petit havana and LAMD-609. The 1.9kb NS3 gene was cloned into a chloroplast expression vector, pLD-Ct containing the 16S rRNA promoter, aadA gene coding for the spectinomycin selectable marker, psbA 5' untranslated region to enhance translation in the light and 3' untranslated region for transcript stability and trnI & trnA homologous flanking sequences for site specific integration into the chloroplast genome. Chloroplast integration of the NS3 gene was first confirmed by PCR. Southern blot analysis further confirmed site-specific gene integration and homoplasmy. The NS3 protein was detected in transgenic chloroplasts by immunoblot analysis. The NS3 protein was further quantified by ELISA. Maximum expression levels of NS3 up to 2% in the total soluble protein were observed even in old leaves, upon 3-day continuous illumination. These results demonstrate successful expression of the HCV non-structural 3 antigen in transgenic tobacco chloroplasts. Animal studies to test the immunogenecity of the chloroplast derived HCV NS3 will be performed using chloroplast derived NS3 antigen.M.S.
Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology
Burnett College of Biomedical Sciences
Molecular Biology and Microbiology
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Oakes, Catherine. „Stereoselective synthesis of all-C quaternary stereocentres using non-enolisable 1,3-dialdehydes“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/206167/.
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The efficient synthesis of all-C quaternary centres as part of an acyclic contiguous stereoarray is a highly challenging synthetic operation. Investigations have been carried out into using non-enolisable 1,3-dialdehydes, under MgBr2•OEt2 chelation control, as small building blocks for the synthesis of all-C quaternary centre as part of a stereoarray. Initial investigations focussed on developing controlled monoadditions to non-enolisable dialdehydes with allylation, hydroxyallylation and aldol reactions to give products containing two or three contiguous stereocentres, including an all-C quaternary stereocentre, with good stereocontrol. Interestingly it was found that the diastereoselection of monoaddition was different when the dialdehyde contained a pendant benzyloxy group in contrast to a pendant trityl or TBDPS ether group. The diastereoselection of additions to dialdehydes has been rationalised by considering the reactive conformations involved to form the observed diastereoisomer products of these addition reactions. A double addition process to the non-enolisable 1,3-dialdehyde with a benzyloxy group has been described. It has been found that the second addition is highly diastereoselective and is effective with a range of nucleophiles to give products containing four or five contiguous stereocentres, including an all-C quaternary stereocentre, as part of a stereoarray. The high level of diastereoselectivity of this second addition has again been rationalised by considering the reactive conformation involved. Finally, attempts have been made toward the formation of enantioenriched stereoarrays containing an all-C quaternary stereocentre. Investigations focussed on using Evans’ BOX ligands and chiral reagents in reactions with non-enolisable 1,3-dialdehydes
34
Boutard, Nicolas. „Nouvelles voies d’accès aux alpha-aminoacides c-glycosylés en position non-anomérique“. Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20135.
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Atintilo, I. A. „Non-linear analysis of r/c coupled shearwalls by the transfer matrix method“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381247.
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Beck, Johannes [Verfasser], und C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Stiller. „Camera Calibration with Non-Central Local Camera Models / Johannes Beck ; Betreuer: C. Stiller“. Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1231361492/34.
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Poll, Ray. „Non-attendance at drug service hepatitis C outreach clinics : clients and staff experiences“. Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2014. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/8756/.
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Non-attendance in the drug service hepatitis C outreach clinic means clients miss essential components of care: being offered lifestyle advice such as limiting their alcohol intake (to prevent further progression of liver disease);a discussion about ways to avoid transmission to others; and referral for hospital treatment, which can be curative. In the absence of much empirical evidence many suggestions have been given for missed appointments by hepatitis C patients. For example, they forget, lead ‘chaotic lifestyles’, the infection is ‘not a priority’ to them and they are ‘hard-to-reach’. This study was undertaken to investigate beneath these ‘surface’ reasons for non-attendance. Thus, a realist approach was taken. The study comprised three phases of theory development and testing that incorporated qualitative telephone interviews with clients followed by a national survey of staff. All 28 clients who participated gave ‘surface’ or ‘prima-facie’ reasons for non-attendance. However, the study revealed hidden underlying factors (mechanisms). These were categorised under the themes: (i) ‘client characteristics’ e.g. ‘priority’ to score drugs and the ‘cost of travel’ (ii) ‘hepatitis C’ e.g. ‘no symptoms’ and fear of treatment ‘side-effects’ (iii) ‘clinic service’ e.g. ‘distance’ to the clinic and difficulty with ‘reimbursement’ of travel expenses. These mechanisms were produced within a complex context of factors including addiction, welfare policy and stigma. They were often played out in different ways and linked to other mechanisms. 41 out of 142 (29%) drug services in England ran a hepatitis C outreach clinic. There was general agreement with clients about reasons for nonattendance. However, there was some discordance, notably difficulty with walking. This study revealed a complex picture for non-attendance in a hepatitis C outreach clinic and makes an original contribution to knowledge about the reasons for missed appointments. This in turn has informed changes to practice which may engage more people into care and treatment for example, arranging scans to be undertaken on the day of clinic appointments.
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Toumieux, Sylvestre. „Animation intramoléculaire catalytique de liaisons C-H non-activées : application à la synthèse de C-glycosides originaux et de pipéridines polyfonctionnalisées“. Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2080.
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La fonctionnalisation de liaisons C-H non-activées est un défi pour la chimie organique. Dans cette thèse, l'amination intramoléculaire, via l'insertion catalytique de nitrènes sur ces positions réputées inertes, a été effectuée sur des glycomimétiques de type C-glycoside. A l'inverse de leurs analogues 1-carbamoyloxyméthyle, cette réaction s'est montrée fortement stéréo-dépendante de la configuration du carbone pseudo-anomérique dans le cas des dérivés 1-sulfamoyloxyméthyle. L'insertion régiosélective en position pseudo-anomérique conduit à des composés spiraniques dont la fonction N,O-acétal peut être fonctionnalisée pour aboutir à des glycomimétiques originaux. Une étude sur des dérivés pipéridinique a permis d'évaluer l'influence de l'hétéroatome endocyclique sur la réaction d'insertion. L'amination intramoléculaire de ces dérivés nous a permis d'observer une régiosélectivité complètement différente de celle observée précédemment avec la formation inédite d'un cycle à sept membres. La combinaison d'effets stéréoélectroniques et conformationnels décisifs nous a permis de rationaliser ce résultat inattendu. Nous avons exploité ce résultat par la mise au point d'une stratégie de synthèse générale de 4-amino-imino-C-glycosides. En nous appuyant sur l'utilisation séquentielle du groupe 1-sulfamoyloxymethyle comme "bras moléculaire activateur", nous sommes parvenus à fonctionnaliser toutes les positions d'une pipéridine monosubstituée. La synthèse totale de divers iminosucres originaux a permis d'illustrer l'intérêt de cette stratégie et ouvre ainsi l'accès à la découverte de nouveaux composés d'intérêt thérapeutique.
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Turlin, Bruno. „Hepatites chroniques actives virales non a non b et c : etude anatomo-pathologique de 71 cas ; correlations anatomo-cliniques et biologiques“. Rennes 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN1M036.
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ROLLAND, JOELLE. „Hepatites non a - non b post transfusionnelles et serologie c : prevalence des anticorps anti-hcv : 35 cas ; evolution a long terme : 29 cas“. Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU31065.
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Canta, i. Roldós Mercè. „Development of highly structured non-heme iron catalysts for selective C-H group oxidations“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/275978.
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Catalytic oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons that occur in the active site of metalloenzymes exhibit high efficiency and exquisite regio- and stereoselectivity under mild experimental conditions. We describe the efficient and selective oxidation of alkanes using a family of highly structured non-heme iron catalysts that introduce sterically bulky pinene groups. In this way, it is possible to modulate the selectivity, which depends on the combination of the chirality of the catalyst, the nature of the diamine backbone and the presence of a cavity-like site surrounding the metal center. We present an optimized reaction protocol for efficient oxidation of alkanes with the readily available [Fe(CF3SO3)2(mcp)] catalyst, which shows enhanced selectivity toward methylenic sites. Finally, we describe a new family of iron catalysts to systematically study the steric influence of the ligand in regioselectivity. We observe a strong relationship between the bulk of the silyl substituent and the regioselectivity offered by the catalyst.Les reaccions catalítiques d’oxidació d’hidrocarburs que ocorren al centre actiu dels metal•loenzims són eficients, regio- i estereoselectives en condicions experimentals molt suaus. Es descriu l’oxidació eficient i selectiva d’alcans utilitzant una família de catalitzadors de ferro no-hemo altament estructurats que incorporen grups pinè voluminosos. D’aquesta manera és possible modular la selectivitat, que depèn de la combinació de la quiralitat del catalitzador, la natura de la diamina pont i la presència d’una cavitat al voltat del centre metàl•lic. Es presenta un protocol de reacció optimitzat per l’oxidació eficient d’alcans amb el catalitzador disponible [Fe(CF3SO3)2(mcp)], que mostra una millor selectivitat per posicions metilèniques. Finalment, es descriu una nova família de catalitzadors de ferro per estudiar sistemàticament la influencia estèrica del lligand en la regioselectivitat. S’observa una forta relació entre l’impediment imposat pel substituent silil i la regioselectivitat mostrada pel catalitzador.
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Brown, Michael A. „Non-invasive determination of myocardial oxygen consumption with "C-acetate and positron emission tomography /“. Title page, contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdb883.pdf.
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Hörmanseder, Eva Beate [Verfasser]. „Non-proteolytic ubiquitylation regulates the APC/C-inhibitory function of XErp1 / Eva Beate Hörmanseder“. Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1023210355/34.
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Yin, Chunhong. „Functional analysis of domain I of the hepatitis C virus non-structural NS5A protein“. Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20605/.
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The research on hepatitis C virus protein NS5A has developed rapidly over the decades, primarily with the advent of the JFH1 cell culture infectious clone which allowed the study of all aspects of the virus lifecycle from entry to exit. As the important target of DAAs, the NS5A protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) plays roles in both virus genome replication and assembly. NS5A comprises three domains, of these domain I is believed to be involved exclusively in genome replication. In contrast, domains II and III are required for the production of infectious virus particles and are largely dispensable for genome replication. Domain I is highly conserved between HCV and related hepaciviruses, and is highly structured, exhibiting different dimeric conformations. To investigate the functions of domain I in more detail, a mutagenic study of 12 absolutely conserved and surface-exposed residues were conducted within the context of a JFH1-derived sub-genomic replicon and infectious virus. Whilst most of these abrogated genome replication, three mutants (P35A, V67A and P145A) retained the ability to replicate but showed defects in virus assembly. Whilst P35A exhibited a modest reduction in infectivity, V67A and P145A produced no infectious virus. Using a combination of density gradient fractionation, biochemical analysis and high-resolution confocal microscopy, it was demonstrated that V67A and P145A disrupted the recruitment of NS5A to lipid droplets. In addition, the localisation and size of lipid droplets in cells infected with these two mutants were perturbed. Biophysical analysis revealed that V67A and P145A abrogated the ability of purified domain I to dimerize and resulted in an increased affinity of binding to HCV 3’UTR RNA. Taken collectively, we propose that domain I of NS5A plays multiple roles in assembly, binding nascent genomic RNA and transporting it to lipid droplets where it is transferred to Core. In parallel, this study also set out to investigate the interactions of NS5A domain I with cellular proteins by the approach of quantitative proteomic analysis. This study reveals novel functions of NS5A domain I in assembly of infectious HCV and provides new perspectives on the virus lifecycle.
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Clarke, John Wright. „A regional survey and stylistic analysis of Tibetan non-sculptural metalworking, c.1850-1959“. Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309320.
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46
Hatzinikitas, Agapitos N. „Non-supersymmetric heterotic string compactifications on orbifolds and minimal superconformal theories with C=9“. Thesis, University of Sussex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358880.
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We study the construction of non-supersymmetric Es® E8 heterotic string compactifications of symmetric orbifolds and tensor products of minimal superconformal theories with central charge c=9.The general formalism and features of both powerful techniques are presented and analyzed meticulously. Using the first method we classify all ~ (N=2,3,4 and 6) orbifolds which break space-time supersymmetry and provide us with a realistic chiral theory.Suprisinglyenough, we find two point groups of order 4 and one point group of order 6.The mechanism we propose to lift tachyons from the twisted sectors consists of a combination of the mass level matching principle with the requirement that the left-sector should be tachyon free. Modular invariance and equivalence relations associated with the shift;vectors of the Ea ® E8 lattice, help us to classify all possible shift;vectors which break the Ea ® E8 gauge group.For each viable shift vector we then detennine the massless spectrum of the symmetric Z6 orbifold since the Z4 case has been previously exhausted.The disentangle of representations from the "observable" and "hidden" sectors, the control of the number of chiral matter states both from untwisted and twisted sectors, as well as the gauge symmetry breaking are achieved by considering the presence of constant gauge-background fields (Wilson-lines).The problem of tachyons is resolved by taking advantage of the same method as the one suggested in the absence of Wilson-lines and a classification of all acceptable Wilson-lines and four-dimensional gauge groups is again carried out.Phenomenological implications of these models are discussed and some interesting features already known in string theory are explored. The second method although more complicated is simplified using orbifold techniques. Again space-time supersymmetry is broken, but now with the insertion of some discrete phases (torsions) in the partition function of the theory.The richness of this method leads to some computational difficulties which put restrictions on our ability to construct all of the models allowed by the theory. Therefore, we focus on a class of the so-called A-type invariants and examine how realistic the extracted models are by constructing their massless spectrum and the gauge group they correspond to.Three generation models do emerge in our analysis but further exploration excludes the possibility of identifying these with the standard model.
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Iburg, Manuel. „Non-canonical small heat shock protein activity in health and disease of C. elegans“. Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22439.
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Die erfolgreiche Synthese und Faltung von Proteinen ist eine Voraussetzung der Zellfunktion und ein Versagen der Proteinhomöostase führt zu Krankheit oder Tod. In der Zelle sichern molekulare Chaperone die korrekte Faltung der Proteine oder tragen zur Entsorgung unwiederbringlich fehlgefalteter Proteinsubstrate bei. Unter diesen Chaperonen sind kleine Hitzeschockproteine (sHsp) ein ATP-unabhängiger Teil des Proteostasenetzwerks.
In dieser Arbeit habe ich das bisher wenig erforschte sHsp HSP-17 aus C. elegans untersucht. Im Gegensatz zu anderen sHsps zeigte HSP-17 nur eine geringe Aktivität beim Verhindern der Aggregation von Proteinsubstraten. Stattdessen konnte ich in vitro zeigen, dass HSP-17 die Aggregation von Modellsubstraten fördert, was hier für Metazoen-sHsps erstmals gezeigt wurde. HSP-17 kopräzipitiert mit Substraten und modifiziert deren Aggregate möglicherweise. HSP-17 kolokalisiert in vivo mit Aggregaten, und seine aggregationsfördernde Aktivität konnte ich für das physiologische Substrat KIN-19 und heterolog exprimierte polyQ-Peptide validieren. Durch ex vivo Analysen konnte ich zeigen, dass die Aktivität von HSP-17 für die Fitness relevant ist
In einem zweiten Projekt habe ich zur Entwicklung eines neuen Modelles für Aß-Pathologie in C. elegans beigetragen, welches substöchiometrische Markierungen verwendet, um eine zeitnahe Visualisierung der Aß-Aggregation in spezifischen Zelltypen zu ermöglichen. Das Modell spiegelt bekannte Phänotypen der Aß-Proteotoxizität aus Menschen und bestehenden C. elegans Aß-Stämmen wider. Interessanterweise zeigt eine Untergruppe der Neuronen, die IL2-Neuronen, eine höhere Anfälligkeit für die Aggregation und Proteotoxizität von Aß1-42. Eine gezielte Reduktion von Aß1-42 in IL2 Neuronen führt zu einer systemischen Reduktion der Pathologie. Somit bietet das Modell eine neue Plattform, um die Bedeutung molekularer Chaperone, wie z. B. der sHsps, für Amyloidosen zu untersuchen, auch im Hinblick auf menschliche Erkrankungen.Successful synthesis and folding of proteins is a prerequisite for cellular function and failure of protein homeostasis leads to disease or death. Within the cell, molecular chaperones ensure correct protein folding or aid in the disposal of terminally misfolded protein substrates. Among these chaperones, small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are ATP-independent members of the proteostasis network. In this work, I analyzed the so far under-researched C. elegans sHsp HSP-17. Unlike other sHsps, HSP-17 exhibited only weak activity in preventing aggregation of protein substrates. Instead, I could show in vitro that HSP-17 can promote the aggregation of protein substrates, which is the first demonstration for metazoan sHsps. HSP-17 co-precipitates with substrates and potentially modifies the aggregates. HSP-17 colocalizes with aggregates and pro-aggregation activity is present in vivo, which I demonstrated for the physiological substrate KIN-19 and heterologously expressed amyloidogenic polyQ peptides. By physiological, biochemical and proteomic analysis I showed that HSP-17 activity is relevant for organismal fitness In a second project, I contributed to the development and characterization of a novel model of Aß pathology in C. elegans. This new AD model employs sub-stoichiometric labeling to allow live visualization of Aß aggregation in distinct cell types. The model mirrors known phenotypes of Aß proteotoxicity in humans and existing C. elegans Aß strains. Interestingly, a subset of neurons, the IL2 neurons, is shown to be more vulnerable to Aß proteotoxicity and targeted depletion of Aß in these neurons systemically ameliorates pathology. Thereby, the model presents a new platform to assess the relevance of molecular chaperones such as sHsps in amyloidosis with a perspective on human disease.
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Ngoya, Edouard. „Contribution à la création d'outils de C. A. O. Des circuits non-linéaires microondes“. Limoges, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIMO0026.
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Resume des principales techniques d'analyse numerique et matricielle des circuits non lineaires. Etude detaillee des techniques de transformation de fourier discrete pour signaux quasi-periodiques avec des contributions originales. Etude detaillee de la technique d'analyse de circuits par equilibrage spectral. Description fonctionnelle du simulateur de circuits non lineaires micro-ondes lisa
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MORISE, XAVIER. „Vers une voie generale d'acces aux phosphaalcenes p- et c-substitues cinetiquement non stabilises“. Rennes 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN10038.
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Une voie generale d'acces aux phosphaalcenes non stabilises, p- et(ou) c-substitues a ete developpee; elle comporte trois etapes: la synthese d'(1-chloroalkyl)phosphinates (une methode generale de synthese a ete mise au point), leur reduction chimioselective a l'aide d'un reducteur electrophile, le dichloroalane (alhcl#2), la deshydrochloration, aussi bien en phase gazeuse qu'en solution, des (1-chloroalkyl)phosphines obtenues. Des 2-phosphadienes simples ont ete prepares en utilisant une sequence analogue. Les differents phosphaalcenes sont caracterises par spectrometrie de masse, spectroscopie infrarouge et par rmn #3#1p. Une premiere etude de leur reactivite est presentee. La synthese de vinylphosphines secondaires, precurseurs potentiels de phosphaalcenes, a ete realisee par reduction de vinylphosphinates a l'aide du dichloroalane
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Sofack-Kreutzer, Julien. „Synthèses de carbocycles et d'hétérocycles à cinq chaînons par activation de liaisons c(sp3)-h non activées“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00744243.
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La fonctionnalisation de liaisons C-H réputées peu réactives ouvre de nouvelles perspectives en synthèse organique. La catalyse par un métal de transition comme le palladium représente une solution particulièrement efficace à ce problème. Les travaux de thèse présentés dans ce mémoire s'inscrivent dans ce contexte. Dans un premier temps, la réaction étudiée, catalysée par le palladium, a visé à étendre une méthodologie mise au point au laboratoire pour la synthèse de carbocycles et d'hétérocycles à cinq chaînons par activation intramoléculaire de liaisons C(sp3)-H à partir de chlorures d'aryles. Ces derniers sont en effet plus disponibles et moins onéreux que les bromures d'aryle correspondants. Des études d'optimisation ont été effectuées pour la mise au point d'une réaction diastéréosélective et régiosélective. Plusieurs substrats ont été synthétisés pour être ensuite placés dans les conditions optimales de la réaction d'activation C(sp3)-H, et ont conduit à une grande diversité de cycles à cinq chaînons fusionnés. Dans un deuxième temps, nos travaux ont consisté à étendre l'activation C(sp3)-H pallado-catalysée à des précurseurs non aromatiques cycliques ou acycliques. Pour des raisons d'accessibilité, nos études se sont alors portées sur la préparation de bromures vinyliques azotés pouvant conduire après activation C-H à des motifs hexahydroindoles ou pyrrolidines. De nouvelles conditions d'activation CH ont alors été trouvées pour cette famille de substrats, et ont conduit aux hétérocycles cibles de manière diastéréosélective et régiosélective. Après extension de la réaction à divers précurseurs, nous nous sommes intéressés à la synthèse d'un intermédiaire poly-fonctionnalisé permettant d'accéder aux aéruginosines, famille de produits naturels bioactifs.