Zeitschriftenartikel: „Non-aqueous system“

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Gong, S. „Non-aqueous liquid membrane system“. Journal of Membrane Science 205, Nr. 1-2 (01.08.2002): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-7388(02)00126-6.

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Friberg, S. E., und C. S. Wohn. „A system with non-aqueous birefringent microemulsions“. Colloid and Polymer Science 263, Nr. 2 (Februar 1985): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01412790.

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3

Wang, Jiping, Yuanyuan Gao, Lei Zhu, Xiaomin Gu, Huashu Dou und Liujun Pei. „Dyeing Property and Adsorption Kinetics of Reactive Dyes for Cotton Textiles in Salt-Free Non-Aqueous Dyeing Systems“. Polymers 10, Nr. 9 (15.09.2018): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10091030.

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In recent years, new concepts in textile dyeing technology have been investigated which aim to decrease the use of chemicals and the emission of water. In this work, dyeing of cotton textiles with reactive dyes has been investigated in a silicone non-aqueous dyeing system. Compared with conventional aqueous dyeing, almost 100% of reactive dyes can be adsorbed on cotton textiles without using any salts in non-aqueous dyeing systems, and the fixation of dye is also higher (80%~90% for non-aqueous dyeing vs. 40%~50% for traditional dyeing). The pseudo-second-order kinetic model can best describe the adsorption and equilibrium of reactive dyes in the non-aqueous dyeing systems as well as in the traditional water dyeing system. In the non-aqueous dyeing systems, the adsorption equilibrium of reactive dyes can be reached quickly. Particularly in the siloxane non-aqueous dyeing system, the adsorption equilibrium time of reactive dye is only 5–10 min at 25 °C, whereas more time is needed at 60 °C in the water dyeing system. The surface tension of non-aqueous media influences the adsorption rate of dye. The lower the surface tension, the faster the adsorption rate of reactive dye, and the higher the final uptake of dye. As a result, non-aqueous dyeing technology provides an innovative approach to increase dye uptake under a low dyeing temperature, in addition to making large water savings.

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Tang, Wencheng, Liujun Pei, Hongjuan Zhang, Lei Zhu und Jiping Wang. „Effect of Pretreatments on Wettability and Dyeing Property of Cotton Fibers in an Environmentally Friendly Dyeing System“. AATCC Journal of Research 8, Nr. 5 (01.09.2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.5.1.

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To investigate the influence of cotton wettability on its dyeing properties in a silicone non-aqueous dyeing system, alkali pretreatment was performed before dyeing. The dyeing properties and dyeing kinetics of reactive dyes in the non-aqueous system and a conventional dyeing system were compared. Alkali pretreatment significantly improved the wettability of cotton fiber by removing wax and pectin. The adsorption rate of dye increased with increased cotton fiber wettability using the non-aqueous system, while it barely changed using the conventional system. Pseudo-second-order kinetics fit well with dye adsorption for both systems. Dye fixation improved by 30% at a concentration of 2% owf, along with better levelness and color depth of the dyed cotton fiber, using the silicone non-aqueous system without salts and dispersants.

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Pei, Liujun, Yuni Luo, Xiaomin Gu, Huashu Dou und Jiping Wang. „Diffusion Mechanism of Aqueous Solutions and Swelling of Cellulosic Fibers in Silicone Non-Aqueous Dyeing System“. Polymers 11, Nr. 3 (04.03.2019): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030411.

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The main goal of this article is to study the diffusion mechanism of aqueous solutions and the swelling of cellulosic fibers in the silicone non-aqueous dyeing system via fluorescent labeling. Due to non-polar media only adsorbing on the surface of fiber, cellulosic fiber could not swell as a result of the non-polar media. However, because water molecules can diffuse into the non-crystalline region of the fiber, cellulosic fiber could swell by water which was dispersed or emulsified in a non-aqueous dyeing system. To study the diffusion mechanism of an aqueous solution in the siloxane non-aqueous dyeing system, siloxane non-aqueous media was first diffused to the cellulosic fiber because of its lower surface tension. The resulting aqueous solution took more time to diffuse the surface of the cellulosic fiber, because water molecules must penetrate the siloxane non-aqueous media film. Compared with the fluorescent intensity of the fiber surface, the siloxane film could be re-transferred to the dye bath under the emulsification of the surfactant and the mechanical force. Therefore, a longer diffusion time of the aqueous solution ensured the dyeing feasibility for cellulosic fiber in the non-aqueous dyeing system.

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Phaechamud, T., Prachya Katewongsa, A. Chuekaew und W. Saengthongpinit. „Non-Aqueous Virgin Coconut Oil Hair Gel“. Advanced Materials Research 506 (April 2012): 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.506.347.

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Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is gaining wide popularity in the scientic eld and among the public. The purpose of this research was to develop the non-aqueous hair gel by dispersing hydrophilic colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) or hydrophobic colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil R 972) into virgin coconut oil and to determine the effect of Aerosil type on physical properties of prepared hair gel. Texture analysis and satisfied evaluation of prepared system were also conducted. At a suitable amount of Aerosil 200 and Aerosil R 972, the three-dimensional network led to the immobilization of a dispersing medium. The viscosity of the prepared gel was increased as the amount of Aerosil 200 or Aerosil R 972 was increased. However, the viscosity of gel containing Aerosil 200 was apparently higher than system prepared from Aerosil R 972. The rheological behavior of these gels depended on type and concentration of colloidal silicon dioxide. From texture analysis, the hardness and adhesion of systems comprising Aerosil 200 were higher than that containing Aerosil R 972 with concentration dependence. Satisfied evaluation by a panel consisting of human volunteers demonstrated that the developed non-aqueous virgin coconut oil gel could be used as the hair setting gel.

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CM, Jadhav. „Stability Study of Griseofulvin in Non Aqueous Microemulsion System“. Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 4, Nr. 35 (15.08.2014): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15272/ajbps.v4i35.574.

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Tagawa, Yurika, und Mitsuo Ueda. „Effect of enzyme on detergency in non-aqueous system.“ Sen'i Gakkaishi 46, Nr. 11 (1990): 530–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.46.11_530.

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9

W�rnheim, T., J. Bokstr�m und Y. Williams. „Lower consolute temperature in a non-aqueous surfactant system“. Colloid & Polymer Science 266, Nr. 6 (Juni 1988): 562–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01420768.

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Sawada, K., und M. Ueda. „Effect of Protease Activity on a Non-aqueous Detergent System“. Textile Research Journal 70, Nr. 2 (Februar 2000): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051750007000213.

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Wei, Dong-Zhi, Ping Zou, Mao-Bing Tu und Hong Zheng. „Enzymatic synthesis of ethyl glucoside lactate in non-aqueous system“. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic 18, Nr. 4-6 (Oktober 2002): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1381-1177(02)00106-6.

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12

Shao, Haibing, Svitlana V. Dmytrieva, Olaf Kolditz, Dmitrii A. Kulik, Wilfried Pfingsten und Georg Kosakowski. „Modeling reactive transport in non-ideal aqueous–solid solution system“. Applied Geochemistry 24, Nr. 7 (Juli 2009): 1287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.001.

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13

Kumari, Om, Braj Mohan, Vikesh Kumar und Sailendra Kumar. „Assessment of Salts Effect in Sugar-aqueous System“. Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 36, Nr. 05 (25.10.2020): 968–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/360525.

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In the present study, the preferential salvation of salts in sugar-aqueous systems has been considered. It is carried out by using conductometric observation of analytical grade sugar and plantation white sugar aqueous system with salts viz. CaCl2, MgCl2, KCl, NaCl. It shows that the conductivity is in a linear relationship with the electrolytes and non-sugar present in both analytical grade sugar and plantation white sugar over a range of 5 to 25 W/V percent. The optimum range of concentration found to be for both the sugars is about 20%. Encouraging results could be obtained in the determination of sugars i.e. non-electrolytes and electrolytes in aqueous sugar solution products. The present study shows valid technological interest to understand the Maillard reaction due to the adoption of MgCl2 salt in place of sulphite. These sugars–salts complexes are responsible for the formation of molasses which leads to substantial loss of sugar of around ten percent of the total sugar present in cane.

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Wang, Shizhen, Hangbin Lei und Zhehui Ji. „Exploring Oxidoreductases from Extremophiles for Biosynthesis in a Non-Aqueous System“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, Nr. 7 (29.03.2023): 6396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076396.

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Organic solvent tolerant oxidoreductases are significant for both scientific research and biomanufacturing. However, it is really challenging to obtain oxidoreductases due to the shortages of natural resources and the difficulty to obtained it via protein modification. This review summarizes the recent advances in gene mining and structure-functional study of oxidoreductases from extremophiles for non-aqueous reaction systems. First, new strategies combining genome mining with bioinformatics provide new insights to the discovery and identification of novel extreme oxidoreductases. Second, analysis from the perspectives of amino acid interaction networks explain the organic solvent tolerant mechanism, which regulate the discrete structure-functional properties of extreme oxidoreductases. Third, further study by conservation and co-evolution analysis of extreme oxidoreductases provides new perspectives and strategies for designing robust enzymes for an organic media reaction system. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities in designing biocatalysis non-aqueous systems are highlighted.

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Rub, Malik Abdul, Naved Azum, Dileep Kumar, Muhammad Nadeem Arshad, Anish Khan, Maha Moteb Alotaibi und Abdullah M. Asiri. „Investigation of Solution Behavior of Antidepressant Imipramine Hydrochloride Drug and Non-Ionic Surfactant Mixture: Experimental and Theoretical Study“. Polymers 13, Nr. 22 (21.11.2021): 4025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13224025.

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In this paper, the interaction of imipramine hydrochloride (IMP, antidepressant drug) and a non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX-100) mixture in five different ratios through the tensiometric method in different solvents (aqueous/0.050 mol·kg−1 aqueous NaCl/0.250 mol·kg−1 aqueous urea (U)) were examined thoroughly at a temperature of 298 K. UV–Visible studies in an aqueous system of IMP + TX-100 mixtures were also investigated and discussed in detail. The pure (IMP and TX-100) along with the mixtures’ critical micelle concentration (cmc) were assessed by a tensiometric technique. The obtained deviation of the mixtures’ cmc values from their ideal values revealed the nonideal behavior of IMP + TX-100 mixtures amongst IMP and TX-100. Compared to aqueous systems, in the presence of aqueous NaCl, several changes in micelles/mixed micelles occurred, and hence a synergism/attractive interaction amongst components was found increased while in the existence of U, the synergism/attractive interaction between them decreased. The evaluated interaction parameter (βRb) value of mixed micelles showed the attractive or synergism between the IMP and TX-100. Various evaluated thermodynamic parameters in an aqueous system showed that the mixed micellization of the IMP + TX-100 mixture was an entropically spontaneous phenomenon, although the existence of salt in all studied systems can somewhat increase the spontaneity of the micellization process and in the aqueous U system, the spontaneity of the micellization process decreased. In an aqueous system, the interaction between IMP and TX-100 was also confirmed by UV–Visible study.

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Berga, Laura, Isobel Bruce, Thomas W. J. Nicol, Ashley J. Holding, Noriyuki Isobe, Seishi Shimizu, Adam J. Walker und Joshua E. S. J. Reid. „Cellulose dissolution and regeneration using a non-aqueous, non-stoichiometric protic ionic liquid system“. Cellulose 27, Nr. 16 (12.09.2020): 9593–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03444-8.

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AbstractThe solubility of cellulose has been studied as a function of composition in the binary mixture of 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine and propionic acid. In amine-rich compositions, greater quantities of cellulose can be dissolved than in the equimolar composition, a.k.a. the protic ionic liquid [TMGH][OPr]. By applying a methodology of a short period of heating followed by cooling, similar concentrations of cellulose can be achieved in a much shorter time period. Finally, regeneration of cellulose from solution can be achieved by altering the acid:amine molar ratio. In comparison to cellulose regenerated from these solutions using water as an antisolvent, cellulose regenerated with propionic acid exhibit a lower crystallinity as inferred from x-ray diffractometry, but a greater average molecular weight as inferred from gel permeation chromatography.

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Liu, Jin Qiang, Hua Li Miao und Shen Zheng Li. „Non-Aqueous Dyeing of Reactive Dyes in D5“. Advanced Materials Research 441 (Januar 2012): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.138.

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C.I. Reactive Red 195 was used for non-aqueous dyeing in D5 (Decamethyl Cyclopentasiloxane) and appropriate surfactants were selected to ensure the dyes dispersed stably in D5 medium. The feasible method for reactive dyeing in dyes/D5 suspension system was established through repeated experiments. At the same time, taking the color depth (K/S value) as the evaluation index, the process factors in dyeing such as temperature, dyeing duration, pick-up ratio of alkali solution on fabric, as well as the alkali concentration were optimized for setting up dyeing conditions. The results showed that, the dye up-take could reach nearly 100% without any salt as accelerating agent. Since just a little water was used in the process, hydrolysis of reactive dyes was restrained, fixing rate was increased, and the apparent color depth of the dyed sample was much better than traditional water bath dyeing. The washing fastness and rubbing fastness of samples dyed in dyes/D5 system were satisfactory.

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MORITA, Masayuki, Naoki OHSUMI, Nobuko YOSHIMOTO und Minato EGASHIRA. „Proton-Conducting Non-Aqueous Gel Electrolyte for a Redox Capacitor System“. Electrochemistry 75, Nr. 8 (2007): 641–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5796/electrochemistry.75.641.

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Hamdan, Suhaimi, und Che Rose Laili. „ASSOCIATION PHENOMENON OF A MIXED CATIONIC SURFACTANT IN NON-AQUEOUS SYSTEM“. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 16, Nr. 3-4 (April 1995): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01932699508943676.

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Brousse, Thierry, René Marchand, Pierre-Louis Taberna und Patrice Simon. „TiO2 (B)/activated carbon non-aqueous hybrid system for energy storage“. Journal of Power Sources 158, Nr. 1 (Juli 2006): 571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.09.020.

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Sawada, K., S. Tokino und M. Ueda. „Bioscouring of cotton with pectinase enzyme in a non-aqueous system“. Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 114, Nr. 12 (22.10.2008): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1998.tb01937.x.

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22

Luo, Yuni, Liujun Pei, Hongjuan Zhang, Qi Zhong und Jiping Wang. „Improvement of the Rubbing Fastness of Cotton Fiber in Indigo/Silicon Non-Aqueous Dyeing Systems“. Polymers 11, Nr. 11 (11.11.2019): 1854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11111854.

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In order to solve the poor rubbing fastness of dyed cotton fiber in the indigo/silicon non-aqueous dyeing system, the process parameters of the silicon non-aqueous dyeing system were optimized. Dyed cotton fiber was post-treated to achieve the optimum dyeing conditions for obtaining a better rubbing fastness. Meanwhile, the dyeing performance of cotton fiber in a traditional water bath and silicon non-aqueous dyeing system was compared. The results showed that the rubbing fastness of dyed cotton fiber in the silicon non-aqueous dyeing system (one dyeing) was lower than that of traditional water bath (twelve cycles), although the color depth of dyed cotton fiber was deeper. For obtaining a good rubbing fastness, the optimum temperature was about 70 °C and the optimal dyeing cycle was one. Moreover, fixing agents can significantly improve the rubbing fastness of dyed cotton fiber. Especially, cationic waterborne polyurethane had an optimal fixing effect on the dyed cotton fiber. Soft finishing would weaken the effect of fixing finishing on the dyed cotton fiber, but the softener can significantly improve the handle of dyed cotton fiber.

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Ostrander, John, Reza Younesi und Ronnie Mogensen. „High Voltage Redox-Meditated Flow Batteries with Prussian Blue Solid Booster“. Energies 14, Nr. 22 (10.11.2021): 7498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227498.

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This work presents Prussian blue solid boosters for use in high voltage redox-mediated flow batteries (RMFB) based on non-aqueous electrolytes. The system consisted of sodium iodide as a redox mediator in an acetonitrile catholyte containing solid Prussian blue powder. The combination enabled the solid booster utilization in the proposed systems to reach as high as 66 mAh g−1 for hydrated Prussian blue and 110 mAh g−1 for anhydrous rhombohedral Prussian blue in cells with an average potential of about 3 V (vs. Na+/Na). Though the boosted system suffers from capacity fading, it opens up possibilities to develop non-aqueous RMFB with low-cost materials.

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Sun, Simin, Liujun Pei, Jingru Chen, Jifang Shen, Omer Kamal Alebeid, Jianchang Xu, Chaowen Luo, Xinjie Zhang, Suqing Zhang und Jiping Wang. „Adsorption of Reactive Red 120 in Decamethyl-Cyclopentasiloxane Non-Aqueous Dyeing System“. Coatings 13, Nr. 3 (24.02.2023): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13030502.

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Traditional dyeing usually consumes a significant amount of water and salts, thus causing environmental pollution. Salt-free and low-water dyeing has become an important research direction in the cotton fabric dyeing industry. The non-aqueous media dyeing technology, using decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) as the dyeing medium, has achieved energy saving and emission reduction in this industry. To investigate the influence of inorganic salts on the dyeing properties of reactive dyes in a non-aqueous medium dyeing system, the adsorption kinetics and level dyeing property of C.I. Reactive Red 120 were investigated at various concentrations of sodium sulfate. When no salts were included in the siloxane non-aqueous dyeing system, 80% of the reactive dye could diffuse onto the cotton fabric surface after 10 min. However, if 13% salts were added during dyeing, 87% of the reactive dye could diffuse to cotton fabric surface over the same amount of time. Moreover, the adsorption rate of dye was increased from 3.85 mg/g·min to 5.04 mg/g·min when the quantity of salts was increased from 0% to 13%. However, the concentration of sodium sulfate had minimal effect on the color depth of the dyed fabric and the final uptake of dye. But, when the concentration of sodium sulfate was significant, the level dyeing property of the dye became poor as the Sγ(λ) value was increased from 0.020 to 0.042. The adsorption kinetic of C.I. Reactive Red 120 in D5 dyeing solution may be best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. As the sodium sulfate concentration increases, the half-dyeing time gradually decreases and the adsorption rate of dye increases. The repulsive force between the dye and the cotton fiber was lowered by the addition of sodium sulfate. Consequently, in the D5 dyeing system, the level dyeing property of reactive dye may be affected by the adsorption rate. Therefore, the formula of reactive dyes that do not contain salts can be applied successfully in non-aqueous dyeing systems.

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Zhou, Haotian, Ruiping Zhang, Qiang Ma, Zhuo Li, Huaneng Su, Ping Lu, Weiwei Yang und Qian Xu. „Modeling and Simulation of Non-Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries: A Mini-Review“. Batteries 9, Nr. 4 (02.04.2023): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9040215.

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Redox flow batteries (RFBs) have been widely recognized in the domain of large-scale energy storage due to their simple structure, long lifetime, quick response, decoupling of capacity and power, and structural simplicity. Because of the limited open circuit voltage (OCV) by hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, together with the relatively low solubility of active species, RFBs with aqueous electrolytes are challenging to reach high energy densities. Researchers have been trying to develop new solvent systems without water to remove the electrochemical window limitation of water and pursue higher cell potential. However, non-aqueous solvents are also hindered by some key problems, such as high viscosity and poor safety. Meeting these challenges require a comprehensive understanding of relevant structural design parameters and multi-variable operation in the non-aqueous flow battery (NAFB) system. Modeling and simulation are not only an effective way to understand the basic mechanism of flow batteries at different scales of size and time but also an ideal tool for optimizing the reaction process, battery assembly, and the whole flow battery installation. This review paper introduces the development of the non-aqueous flow battery, the challenges it faces, and the research progress of related modeling and simulation for verification or optimization. Finally, the future development prospects of the non-aqueous flow battery model are pointed out, especially for those systems and fields that have not yet been explored.

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Moore, Richard J., H. R. Clive Pratt und Geoffrey W. Stevens. „HYDRODYNAMICS OF A NON-AQUEOUS SYSTEM IN A PACKED LIQUID EXTRACTION COLUMN“. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 7, Nr. 6 (Januar 1989): 1043–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07360298908962353.

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Yoshida, Hitoshi, und Minemasa Hida. „Separation of molybdophosphate and molybdosilicate in a non-aqueous system by isotachophoresis“. Journal of Chromatography A 360 (Januar 1986): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(00)91691-1.

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Zavin, B. G., E. S. Trankina, A. A. Kondrashova, N. D. Kagramanov, N. S. Ikonnikov und A. M. Muzafarov. „Cascade synthesis of polyorganosiloxanes in an organodichlorosilane—acetone—carbamide non-aqueous system“. Russian Chemical Bulletin 65, Nr. 3 (März 2016): 767–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11172-016-1371-6.

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Lu, Weiyi, Venkata K. Punyamurtula und Yu Qiao. „An energy absorption system based on carbon nanotubes and non-aqueous liquid“. International Journal of Materials Research 102, Nr. 5 (Mai 2011): 587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/146.110377.

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Ahedi, Ranjeet Kaur, und A. N. Kotasthane. „Synthesis of FER titanosilicates from a non-aqueous alkali-free seeded system“. Journal of Materials Chemistry 8, Nr. 8 (1998): 1685–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a803170c.

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31

Vogt, S., D. Klemm und T. Heinze. „Effective esterification of carboxymethyl cellulose in a new non-aqueous swelling system“. Polymer Bulletin 36, Nr. 5 (Mai 1996): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00342445.

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Cai, Xianghai, Wei Wang, Lin Lin, Dannong He, Yaling Shen, Wei Wei und Dong-zhi Wei. „Cinnamyl Esters Synthesis By Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification in a Non-Aqueous System“. Catalysis Letters 147, Nr. 4 (28.02.2017): 946–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10562-017-1994-8.

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Samaroo, Sharmila, Charley Hengesbach, Chase Bruggeman, Lincoln Mtemeri, Thomas F. Guarr und David Hickey. „Solubility Trends in Pyridinium Salts for Non-Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, Nr. 55 (07.07.2022): 2247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01552247mtgabs.

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Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are a strong candidate for grid-scale energy storage applications. Recent pursuits for chemical systems involve focus on organic species, due to their chemical abundance, and non-aqueous solvent systems, due to an expanded electrochemical stability window. Currently, RFBs suffer from limitations that prevent them from being economically competitive when scaled. Among the critical properties hindering RFB expansion, one limitation is low system energy densities. The energy density of a RFB system is dependent on voltage, electrons transferred, and concentration of the anolyte and catholyte. Electrolyte advancements have focused on optimizing energy density by targeting species that maximize divergence of anolyte/catholyte redox potentials, increase species solubility, and feature reversible multi-electron transfer. Strategic structural engineering of redox-active materials is necessary to tune these distinct qualities. Understanding the relationship between molecular design and these variables, and then developing strategies to predict structures with optimal characteristics could help identify promising electrolyte candidates. Our work is focused on understanding and predicting the solubility trends of pyridinium anolyte materials. The pyridiniums in this series all feature low reduction potentials and a broad range of solubility in acetonitrile. By carefully aligning experimental data to DFT and other modeled parameters we are investigating the predictive parameters involved in controlling electrolyte solubility.

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Tong, Yi. „Feasibility analysis of replacing lithium-ion battery with aqueous zinc-ion battery“. Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 32 (12.02.2023): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v32i.4953.

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lithium-ion battery is a battery with intercalated lithium compound as negative electrode material and non-aqueous solution as electrolyte. It is often used as energy supply system for mobile phones, electric vehicles and other equipment. However, due to the instability of lithium and the flammable organic electrolyte, lithium-ion batteries are prone to fire in high temperature or after damage. The paper introduced the technology of aqueous zinc-ion battery and analyzes the merits and drawbacks of it. Aqueous zinc-ion battery is a battery with metallic zinc as negative electrode material. The ingredient of electrolyte is a solution with water as the main component. Compared with lithium-ion battery, it has many excellent characteristics, such as non-toxic, non-flammable, etc. When electronic devices such as smart wearable devices are in close contact with human skin, aqueous zinc-ion batteries can prevent the risk of human skin being burned when the battery damaged or toxic substances penetrating when the battery accidentally leaks. In addition, the high density, high specific energy, much fewer expend and other characteristics of aqueous zinc-ion batteries also increase the possibility that they will replace lithium-ion batteries as energy supply systems for electronic equipment in the future. This paper cites examples to show that the aqueous zinc-ion battery has a good prospect in the field of intelligent wearable devices and has a certain guiding significance for the choice of the energy supply system of intelligent wearable devices in the future.

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Lin, Zuchen. „Cryo-TEM of micelles and lyotropic liquid crystals in non-aqueous solvents“. Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, Nr. 2 (August 1992): 1034–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100129802.

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Surfactant molecules can form spherical micelles in water above the critical micellization concentration. At still higher concentrations, they can form thread-like micelles and liquid crystals. Cryo-transmission electron microscopy of these microstructures in water is now used successfully for studying aqueous biological and synthetic systems. The controlled environment vitrification system (CEVS) makes it possible to prepare samples accurately. Further, The on-grid processing makes specimens possible from evolving systems halted in mid-process.Despite all the successes with aqueous systems, imaging of microstructures formed in non-aqueous solvents has not been reported. The main difficulties are radiation damage, thermal drift of the specimen, and low contrast. As small a spot size and as well spread a beam as possible are needed for low magnification searching. During the image recording, the minimum dose and lowest magnification possible are desired in order to avoid the thermal drift and radiation damage while maintaining an adequate signal-to-noise ratio.

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Mohan, Hugh, Valeria Bincoletto, Silvia Arpicco und Silvia Giordani. „Supramolecular Functionalisation of B/N Co-Doped Carbon Nano-Onions for Novel Nanocarrier Systems“. Materials 15, Nr. 17 (30.08.2022): 5987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15175987.

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Boron/nitrogen co-doped carbon nano-onions (BN-CNOs) are spherical nanoparticles that consist of multiple inter-nestled fullerene layers, giving them an onion-like internal structure. They have potential as nanocarriers due to their small size, aqueous dispersibility, and biocompatibility. The non-covalent attachment of a biocompatible polymer to BN-CNOs is a simple and effective method of creating a scaffold for a novel nanocarrier system as it allows for increased aqueous dispersibility whilst preventing the immune system from recognising the particle as a foreign object. The non-covalent approach also preserves the electronic and structural properties of the BN-CNOs. In this study, we attached a hyaluronic acid-phospholipid (HA-DMPE) conjugate polymer to the BN-CNO’s surface to improve its hydrophilicity and provide targetability toward HA-receptor overexpressing cancer cells. To this end, various ratios of HA-DMPE to BN-CNOs were investigated. The resulting supramolecular systems were characterised via UV-Vis absorption and FTIR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential techniques. It was found that the HA-DMPE conjugate polymer was permanently wrapped around the BN-CNO nanoparticle surface. Moreover, the resulting BN-CNO/HA-DMPE supramolecular systems displayed enhanced aqueous solubility compared to unfunctionalised BN-CNOs, with excellent long-term stability observed in aqueous dispersions.

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Hajipour, Abdol Reza, Shadpour E. Mallakpour und Heshmat A. Samimi. „Oxidation of Alcohols with Butyltriphenylphosphonium Periodate under Non-Aqueous Conditions“. Journal of Chemical Research 2002, Nr. 6 (Juni 2002): 270–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823402103171942.

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The combination of butyltriphenylphosphonium periodate (BUTPPPI) and aluminum chloride in refluxing acetonitrile affords an efficient and mild system for the oxidation of a variety of alcohols, to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones. The experimental procedure is simple and the products are easily isolated in good yields.

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Zhang, Liangliang, Hongwei Qian, Zhiying Wu, Qiaona Zhang, Shengke Li, Ming Cheng und Tangxin Xiao. „Non-Covalent Dimer as Donor Chromophore for Constructing Artificial Light-Harvesting System in Water“. Molecules 27, Nr. 24 (14.12.2022): 8876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248876.

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Dynamic emissive materials in aqueous media have received much attention owing to their ease of preparation, tunable luminescence and environmental friendliness. However, hydrophobic fluorophores usually suffer from aggregation-caused quenching in water. In this work, we constructed an artificial light-harvesting system by using a non-covalent aggregation-induced emission dimer as antenna and energy donor. The dimer is quadruple hydrogen bonded from a ureidopyrimidinone derivative (M) containing a tetraphenylethylene group. The dispersed nano-assemblies based on the dimer in aqueous media were fabricated with the help of surfactant. By loading a hydrophobic acceptor molecule DBT into the nano-assemblies, man-made light-harvesting nanoparticles were fabricated, showing considerable energy transfer efficiency and a relatively high antenna effect. Additionally, the fluorescence color of the system can be gradually tuned by varying the content of the acceptors. This study provides a general way for the construction of an aqueous light-harvesting system based on a supramolecular dimer, which is important for potential application in luminescent materials.

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Kassim, Waleed M. S., Ayad A. H. Al-Dulaimi und Tamara Kawther Hussein. „INFLUENCE OF LENS ON MIGRATION OF DENSE NON-AQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID IN SATURATED ZONE“. Journal of Engineering 16, Nr. 02 (01.06.2010): 5048–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2010.02.21.

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This study concerns the control of movement of Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) in saturated zone in the presence of relatively low permeability lens. A two-dimensional, finite-difference numerical model for the simultaneous movement of the DNAPL and water through the saturated zone of the soil is developed. The system is, actually, a three fluid phase system (water, DNAPL and air) but in the derivation of the model, air was treated as an immobile phase at constant atmospheric pressure. The flow equations for Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid and water are cast in terms of the wetting and non-wetting fluid pressure heads respectively. The finite- difference equations are solved fully implicitly using Newton-Raphson iteration scheme with a Taylor series expansion to treat the nonlinearity. The present numerical results are compared with results of Kueper and Frind (1991b). The results of all tests showed that the presence of lens controls the vertical movement of Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) in heterogeneous porous medium.

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Tien, Boon Yih, Mohd Nazli Naim, Rabitah Zakaria, Noor Fitrah Abu Bakar, Noraini Ahmad und Wuled Lenggoro. „Stabilisation of Emulsified Agarwood Oil in an Aqueous System Using Non-Ionic Surfactant“. Key Engineering Materials 797 (März 2019): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.797.186.

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Owing to the annually increasing market value of pure agarwood oil, the extracted agarwood oil from Aquilaria malaccensis was emulsified in an aqueous solution using non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80). The surfactant concentration of 0.0167% was determined as the critical micelle concentration (CMC) with an interfacial tension value of 0.014 mNm-1. The adsorption of surfactant at the oil/water interface at the CMC value, however, reduced the zeta potential of the emulsified oil from –45 to –43 mV, and increased its size from 85 to 89 nm. Outside of the CMC value, the emulsified oil droplets tended to coalesce, owing to insufficient coverage of the surfactant at oil/water interface and Ostwald ripening. The droplet size distribution and zeta potential value of the emulsified oil droplets produced at the CMC were the most stable over a month of storage. No significant changes in the emulsified droplet size occurred when the pH conditions varied from pH 3 to 10. The emulsified droplets images obtained from transmission electron microscopy analysis showed a reduction in the layer thickness of the surfactant from 30 to 10 nm in acidic condition and 30 to 19 nm in alkaline condition. The agarwood oil emulsification at CMC value enhance the stability of chemically unstable compounds from degradation.

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NAKAO, Yasushi, Takeshi TANAKA, Motoshi YABUTA und Akira TOMINAGA. „Interaction between Polymer Microspheres with Opposite Surface Charges in the Non-Aqueous System.“ KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 50, Nr. 5 (1993): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/koron.50.369.

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Hibino, Mitsuhiro, Haoshen Zhou und Itaru Honma. „Electrode properties of manganese oxide synthesized by sonochemical method in non-aqueous system“. Journal of Power Sources 146, Nr. 1-2 (August 2005): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.03.178.

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Fang, J. M., R. C. Sun, J. Tomkinson und P. Fowler. „Acetylation of wheat straw hemicellulose B in a new non-aqueous swelling system“. Carbohydrate Polymers 41, Nr. 4 (April 2000): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0144-8617(99)00102-2.

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Bos, M., und W. E. van der Linden. „A knowledge based advisory system for acid/base titrations in non-aqueous solvents“. Analytica Chimica Acta 332, Nr. 2-3 (Oktober 1996): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(96)00200-0.

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Ekoko, Bakambo Gracien, Ruimin Zhou, Li Hui Xin, Francis Adeleke Olukunle und Kanza Kanza Lobo. „Synthesis of nanocrystalline zinc sulfide in a non-aqueous system by gamma-irradiation“. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 265, Nr. 1 (Juni 2005): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-005-0781-y.

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Yang, Ge, Weichang Xu, Keyi Tian, Dongmeng Su, Jiafang Xu, Hongyu Chen und Yanhua Zhang. „Controllable syngas production on gold nanowires/nickel foam electrode in non-aqueous system“. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 579 (November 2020): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2020.06.062.

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Paterson, D. Andrew, Robert A. Conradi, Allen R. Hilgers, Thomas J. Vidmar und Philip S. Burton. „A Non-aqueous Partitioning System for Predicting the Oral Absorption Potential of Peptides“. QSAR & Combinatorial Science 13, Nr. 1 (1994): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qsar.19940130103.

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Pawar, Hitesh, und Arvind Lali. „Microwave assisted organocatalytic synthesis of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural in a monophasic green solvent system“. RSC Adv. 4, Nr. 51 (2014): 26714–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra03137g.

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Li, Xiaofeng, Maohua Ma, Xuan Xin, Yuqian Tang, Guanglei Zhao und Xinglong Xiao. „Efficient acylation of gastrodin byAspergillus oryzaewhole-cells in non-aqueous media“. RSC Advances 9, Nr. 29 (2019): 16701–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra01605h.

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Gastrodin, a bioactive compound extracted from the plant source ofGastrodia elataBlume, has a wide range of therapeutic effects on central nervous system (CNS) diseases, but suffers from poor brain permeability and short half-life in plasma.

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Holappa, Mervi, Jarkko Valjakka und Anu Vaajanen. „Angiotensin(1-7) and ACE2, “The Hot Spots” of Renin-Angiotensin System, Detected in the Human Aqueous Humor“. Open Ophthalmology Journal 9, Nr. 1 (31.03.2015): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874364101509010028.

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Background: The main purpose of the study was to establish whether essential components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) exist in the human aqueous humor. Methods: Forty-five patients ≥ 60 (74±7) years of age undergoing cataract surgery at Tampere University Hospital were randomly selected for the prospective study. The exclusion criterion was the use of oral antihypertensive medicine acting via renin-angiotensin system. Aqueous humor samples were taken at the beginning of normal cataract extraction. The samples were frozen and stored at -80 °C. The concentrations of intraocular endogenous RAS components Ang(1-7), ACE2, and ACE1 were measured using ELISA. Results: Concentration medians of Ang(1-7), ACE2, and ACE1 in the aqueous humor were: Ang(1-7) 4.08 ng/ml, ACE2 2.32 ng/ml and ACE1 0.35 ng/ml. The concentrations were significantly higher in glaucomatous than in non-glaucomatous eyes, ACE1 (p=0.014) and Ang(1-7) (p=0.026) vs non-glaucomatous eyes. Conclusions: Ang(1-7), ACE2 and ACE1 are found in the human aqueous humor. The observations are consistent with the conception that local tissue-RAS exists in the human eye and it might have a role in the control of intraocular pressure.

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