Dissertationen zum Thema „Niveaux de traitement (mémoire)“
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Rodrigues, Jérôme. „Étude de la compensation mnésique dans le cadre des niveaux de traitement : Approche expérimentale et modélisation“. Phd thesis, Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00129664.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCe phénomène réfère à la réduction, voire l'annulation, d'une difficulté de mémorisation via
l'utilisation d'aides de mémoire. Nos investigations ont permis de préciser la nature des processus
cognitifs impliqués dans la compensation mnésique, en utilisant des expérimentations et
des simulations informatiques. Cette double approche a reposé principalement sur le modèle
de compensation de Bäckman et Dixon, le cadre de la mémoire défini par les niveaux de traitement
et le modèle formel Minerva 2. Concernant les phénomènes compensatoires, les résultats
obtenus mettent en avant la place centrale de l'adéquation entre les caractéristiques du sujet
et celles de la tâche et soulignent le rôle crucial des interactions entre les aides de mémoire,
afin de pallier la difficulté. L'ensemble des expérimentations et des simulations effectuées nous
a permis de proposer un modèle de compensation mnésique dans le cadre des niveaux de traitement.
Pour finir, les perspectives de notre travail sont positionnées dans le domaine de la
remédiation cognitive et des assistants informatiques à la mémorisation.
Gagné, Camille. „Niveau de sollicitation de la mémoire, importance du traitement de l'information et effets de réponse“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25407.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGauthier, Monique. „Traitement et mise en mémoire de l'information au niveau du cortex entorhinal chez les Souris“. Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10512.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRamzaoui, Hanane. „Recherche visuelle et activités instrumentales de la vie quotidienne : Influence des niveaux de traitement dans le vieillissement normal et la maladie d’Alzheimer“. Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2019AZUR2033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleElderly people, in particular those with Alzheimer's disease (AD), show impaired visual search performance. As instrumental activities of daily living (IADL, e.g., cooking) involve searching for one or more objects in the environment, search deficits may impact quality of life. Research so far on normal aging and AD have often decontextualized visual scenes. Thus, we know very little about how search can be guided by bottom-up perceptual and top-down cognitive factors in more realistic scenes for these two populations. Through four experimental studies, this thesis aims to investigate the influence of top-down and bottom-up factors on search oculomotor behaviour in realistic scenes (e.g., a photograph of a kitchen) and real environments (experimental rooms) in normal aging and AD, and then, to investigate the influence of both top-down guidance and IADL complexity on visual exploration during IADL in patients at the mild stage of AD. Our results indicate that reliance on a target’s perceptual salience is more pronounced with advanced age and AD pathology. Healthy older adults rely comparably as young adults on scene semantic consistency to guide their searches in realistic scenes, and even more on contextual knowledge when searching for objects in a real environment. In AD, the influence of context on search guidance is reduced in realistic scenes. Interestingly, a precise target template (provided by a pictorial cue) normalises the performance of AD patients during search within a real environment. In realistic scenes, AD patients also showed benefits from a precise target template to guide their search, but the facilitation of distractor disengagement is reduced. Unexpectedly, the benefit from a precise target template is more pronounced in young adults than in older healthy adults. This could be explained by a reduction in the resolution of visual information maintained in working memory as people age. Regarding IADL completion in AD, guidance by task goals is only reduced for IADL that require a high level of top-down executive processing. Overall, our results suggest that top-down and bottom-up guidance can be considered as efficient environmental supports and that analysis of eye movement during IADL can be of great interest for the detection of functional impairment in AD
Karypidis, Charalampos. „Asymétries en perception et traitement de bas niveau : traces auditives, mémoire a court terme et représentations mentales“. Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00487590.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuinet, Hélène. „Développement des processus inférentiels chez l'enfant de 8 à 11 ans lors d'une activité de compréhension en situation de lecture“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA080010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main goal of this thesis is to deepen the knowledge on the functioning of the processes involved in inference-making during development. Studies which have been conducted with children show a quantitative and qualitative increase in these skills during development but there is no consensus among researchers. We based our analyses on the RI-Val model (Cook & O'Brien, 2014, 2015; O'Brien & Cook, 2016a, 2016b) and proposed a developmental approach, in order to examine the extent to which the speed of access to information in memory and the position of the coherence threshold, two factors on which the course of the processes depends, can explain the development of inferential performance. Over 2 experiments we investigate the role of these factors and each study includes three types of analysis: longitudinal, cross-sectional and cluster analysis according to the child's language skills. Overall, the results obtained corroborate a three-process inferential functioning in children as described by the RI-Val model. By revealing a significant effect of access speed in fourth graders and children with a good level of vocabulary, the results underline the importance of lexical quality and the relationship between semantic network construction and inferential abilities. However, they question the criteria that define how children move to subsequent text and the way in which the model can account for the development of inferential performance, and open new perspectives concerning pedagogical possibilities
Schaub, Léon-Paul. „Dimensions mémorielles de l'interaction écrite humain-machine ˸ une approche cognitive par les modèles mnémoniques pour la détection et la correction des incohérences du système dans les dialogues orientés-tâche“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, we are interested in the place of task-oriented dialogue systems in both automatic language processing and human-machine interaction. In particular, we focus on the difference in information processing and memory use, from one turn to the next, by humans and machines, during a written chat conversation. After having studied the mechanisms of memory retention and recall in humans during a dialogue, in particular during the accomplishment of a task, we hypothesize that one of the elements that may explain why the performance of machines remains below that of humans, is the ability to possess not only an image of the user, but also an image of oneself, explicitly summoned during the inferences linked to the continuation of the dialogue. This translates into the following three axes for the system. First, by the anticipation, at a given turn of speech, of the next turn of the user. Secondly, by the detection of an inconsistency in one's own utterance, facilitated, as we demonstrate, by the anticipation of the user's next turn as an additional cue. Finally, by predicting the number of remaining turns in the dialogue in order to have a better vision of the dialogue progression, taking into account the potential presence of an incoherence in one's own utterance, this is what we call the dual model of the system, which represents both the user and the image that the system sends to the user. To implement these features, we exploit end-to-end memory networks, a recurrent neural network model that has the specificity not only to handle long dialogue histories (such as an RNN or an LSTM) but also to create reflection jumps, allowing to filter the information contained in both the user's utterance and the dialogue history. In addition, these three reflection jumps serve as a "natural" attention mechanism for the memory network, similar to a transformer decoder. For our study, we enhance a type of memory network called WMM2Seq (sequence-based working memory network) by adding our three features. This model is inspired by cognitive models of memory, presenting the concepts of episodic memory, semantic memory and working memory. It performs well on dialogue response generation tasks on the DSTC2 (human-machine in the restaurant domain) and MultiWOZ (multi-domain created with Wizard of Oz) corpora; these are the corpora we use for our experiments. The three axes mentioned above bring two main contributions to the existing. Firstly, it adds complexity to the intelligence of the dialogue system by providing it with a safeguard (detected inconsistencies). Second, it optimizes both the processing of information in the dialogue (more accurate or richer answers) and the duration of the dialogue. We evaluate the performance of our system with firstly the F1 score for the entities detected in each speech turn, secondly the BLEU score for the fluency of the system utterance and thirdly the joint accuracy for the success of the dialogue. The results obtained show that it would be interesting to direct research towards more cognitive models of memory management in order to reduce the performance gap in a human-machine dialogue
Kolinsky, Régine. „Niveaux de traitement des mots parlés“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210847.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChavet, Cyrille. „Synthèse automatique d'interfaces de communication matérielles pour la conception d'applications du domaine du traitement du signal“. Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLima, Veiga Filho Alvaro De. „Modèles non-stationnaires à deux niveaux /“. Paris : Ecole nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35045831k.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLorant-Royer, Sonia. „La mémoire "visuo-spatiale" : composante de la mémoire de travail ou mémoire spécifique?“ Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn spite of many recent works, this "memory" remains badly defined and the terminology is relatively vague. The aim of this study was, first, to identify and characterize the capacity as well as the specificity of the "visuo-spatial memory", and second to examine its architecture. We found that tere are not two sub-systmes functionally independent, one of visual nature and the other one spatial (Baddeley, 1986), but that there are several specialized constituents such as locations/directions, which are integrated and built, within a visuospatial memory (withou hyphen). In order to locate this memory with regard to the various mnemonic processes involved during the treatment of visuospatial information, we introduced the secondary tasks after the memory task (situation of interference). We found the existende of a process of "refreshment" corresponding to the working memory according to Baddeley's theory. Then, for methodological reasons, we did not introduce the secondary tasks during the memory task (paradigm of competition in the conception of the levels of treatment), but before (technique borrowed from the situations of "masking" according to the perceptive theories). Our data indicates that the visuospatial memory is not activated during the early treatment of perceptives types, and that its hypothetical role during the encoding and during the stocking, as described in the theory of levels of treatment, still has to be clarified
Bezerra, Francisco Nivando. „Opérateurs topologiques pour le traitement d'images en niveaux de gris“. Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MARN0116.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNdiaye, Amadou. „Planification de traitement physico-chimique par niveaux d'integration differents. Modele act“. Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077250.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBardy, Benoît. „Le contrôle prospectif des déplacements : informations visuelles et niveaux de traitement“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX22043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIsoardi, Patrick. „Calculateur à mémoire-champ : nouvelles structures de mémoires, processeur associé“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTorres, Lucio Domingo. „Elaboration et validation de LAPMAM : processeur parallèle SIMD/MIMD dédié au traitement bas et moyen niveau d'images“. Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10293.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSt-Louis, Hugo. „Création d'une mémoire collective“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25348/25348.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith the improvement and the proliferation of teleinformatics, the distributed systems are widely used in the software industry. A distributed system is a system for which each component is independent and often located in a place away from the other components. In such system, components communicate with each other to exchange information, to coordinate their actions, to make group decisions, etc. However, in these systems, some problematic remain; how to represent information, how to transmit information and how to manage the update information? This study is mainly interested in these problematic of distributed systems where information is centralized on a server. For the case which interests us here, only a part of information is duplicated in the components and it may not be exact. This study is related to the way of sharing knowledge between components of such distributed system. We will more particularly detail the knowledge representation, based on conceptual graphs, as well as a method of indexing this knowledge representation. We proposed an original technique of management of the updates. This technique, based on a statistical analysis of the updates, makes it possible to perceive and maintain up to date the information between the components of the system and the server. With these techniques, we hope to decrease the use of the bandwidth as well as the temporary inconsistency of information between the components and the server.
Marion, Anastasia. „Les effets de l'interférence perceptive à l'encodage sur la mémoire explicite, la mémoire source et la mémoire implicite : une comparaison entre adultes jeunes et âgés“. Angers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ANGE0032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePoor identification of masked information can lead to a greater memory. This memorial benefit of perceptual interference is not obtained on all memory tests. Hirshman, Trembath and Mulligan (1994) suggest that difficulty of perception of masked item forces participants to perform higher-level compensatory processing. This higher-level perceptual information is described as lexical, phonological and semantic information about an item. The activation of this information yields better retrieval. The purpose of our study is to observe whether mnesic benefit of perceptual interference occurs. We tested its existence manipulating type of interference and test, age of participants and sensorial modality. The results show that : a) the more important the mask is, the more difficult the identification is; b) the hypothesis of Mulligan (1996) is not confirmed with all memory tests : partial interference doesn't produce advantage on explicit memory, and disturbs memory for source. In contrary. Consistent with Mulligan (1996), perceptual interference doesn't allow any benefit on implicit memory; c) older adults seem to be more sensitive than younger to interference, but they compensate more this difficulty; d) the performance in auditory modality encourages us to continue our researches because they corroborate in part our hypothesis (explicit memory and memory for source). The account of a compensatory processing in paradigm of perceptual interference is consistent, but its nature must be redefined
Querrioux-Coulombier, Geneviève. „Chronopsychologie et niveaux de traitement : des tâches de vigilance aux tâches de compréhension“. Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT5010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe circadian evolution of performances on different tasks studied in chronopsychology is presented in the normal conditions, during night work, transmeridian flights, and in conditions of constant environment. Three explabatory hypotheses are discussed : the theory of arousal level, the procedural changes, the multioscillatory theory. The circadian evolution of performances on a text comprehension task was studied for each processing level (semantic activation, thematic selection, selection according to the importance of propositions, global comprehension) and as a function of the subjects' level of comprehension and typology (morning or evening subject). Only the global comprehension reveals variations as a function of the time of day. These results can be accounted for by the combined effect of different groups of oscillators on subjects' processing abilities
BELKACEM-BOUSSAID, KAMEL. „Exploitation des mecanismes retino-corticaux pour l'elaboration d'outils de traitement d'images bas niveaux“. Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFenouillet, Fabien. „Mémoire et motivation : impact de l'implication de l'ego et du but sur l'organisation de l'information en mémoire“. Rennes 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN20031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDifferent experiments, led hitherto, is interested to booms some cognitive motivational mechanisms on the cognitive mnemonic mechanisms. A review of question in the field of the motivation allowed of realize than the mechanisms cognitive interact with the strategies than people utilizes to solve one task. All a flap of the memory interests also to strategies but this time in relationship with the organization of the information in memory. This common point has therefore served of junction among motivation and memory. The different researches, in using either the theory some goals (Locke and Latham, 1990) either the ego involvment, tested this hypothesis with success, and allows therefore to saying than the a some main action of the motivation on memory is an increase of the organization. Memory and motivation: impact of ego involment and goal on the organization of information in memory
Bouleçane, Hocine. „Topographie d'images en niveaux de gris : contribution au contrôle de qualité de matériaux composites“. Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0020.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle[We propose a contribution to the characterization of real images representing composite materials. We focus on bath macroscopic and microscopic scales, with ail the variety of images it implies. This work is related to the problematic of the control of composite materials by mean of bringing to it some methods that allow us to formalize operations, up to now, realized by human observers. We discuss our approach as well as the validity of the chosen image analysis methods. The second part deals with materials at macroscopic scale yielding images where the main information is the lines of higher (resp. Lower) luminance ; their study is equivalent to an extreme lines detection. The used processes (mathematical morphology and pretopology) give novel results in composite material area. Lastly, in the third part, we present our contribution to the study of micro fissures and rupture faces of polymer multiphase material, with the aim of quantitative characterization. The study is performed with fractal methods, at microscopic scale. We emphasize on the opposition between mathematical fractal object and physical fractal object. The idea of using fractal is justified by the construction of a synthesis mode! that simulates the propagation of micro fissures and shows the link between their geometry and that of heterophasis material in which they are developed. ]
Freche, Thierry. „Application des mesures fractales sur des images de manuscrit en niveaux de gris“. Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR4020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSiala, Beji Mariem. „Un modèle distribué pour la gestion du stock disponible dans les réseaux de distribution multi-niveaux“. Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAL0031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Available-to-Promise (ATP) fonction is an important element to manage the relationship between a company and its current and prospective customers. The initial role of this fonction is to provide product availability information in order to promise customers' order requests. The purpose of the present thesis is to improve this A TP fonction, within a multi-echelon distribution network. The suggested model is a distributed mode! based on horizons. For the short-term horizon, we suggest the Effective A TP fonction (ATPE). This fonction provides a better local stock management within the different entities of the distribution network. For the medium-term horizon, we suggest the Cooperative ATPE fonction (ATPE-C) which is based on a multi-agent approach, using the "Contract Net" protocoJ to assure the inventory redeployment between the different entities of the distribution network. In order to assess these fonctions we have developed a simulation tool which allowed us to show the e:fficiency of the suggested functi. Ons as weil as to study the impact of the system and the agents' cooperation degree on the global and individual performances
Miguet, Serge. „Programmation dynamique et traitement d'images sur machines parallèles à mémoire distribuée“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00338396.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChérif, Lobna. „Traitement d'ordre temporel en mémoire à court-terme et reproduction temporelle“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57854.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRaulet, Mickaël. „Optimisations mémoire dans la méthodologie AAA pour code embarqué sur architecture parallèles“. Rennes, INSA, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00124276v2.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the field of embedded electronics, the applications of digital communications and image processing induce very strong time constraints while allowing a limitation in resources and performances of the computation units. The restriction of the memory usable can be in opposite of fields such as video coding. A solution to achieve a real-time implementation can be reached through a distribution on a parallel architecture. These problems are the framework of this work. More precisely, that is why we developed a process of rapid prototyping dedicated to the parallel architectures with several processors of digital signal processing of the last generation (FPGA, DSP). The optimization aspect of the allocated memory is performed here in a more precise way. The prototyping process was elaborate around SynDEx, a tool developed with the INRIA, based on the AAA methodology. This process aims at improving the implementation of an algorithm on a multi-component architecture by determining an optimal distribution and scheduling. SynDEx carries out the adequation phase itself, and generates an executive independent of the target. We initially contributed to the automation of the process on multiprocessors target, by adding a functional layer, and by developing new specific kernels for processors of digital signal. In an embedded context, our concerns are then the minimization of the memory for the generated code. It is still a problem very open for multi-component architectures. The found solution, thanks to the algorithms of colouring of graph, leads to a significant improvement of the results of distributed implementation. The rapid prototyping towards multi-component platforms is automatic today, and memory optimizations are directly integrated in the SynDEx tool. Another part of this work related to the development and integration, through our prototyping process, of consequent applications in the fields both of the image processing (MPEG-4, LAR) and both of the telecommunications (MC-CDMA, UMTS). Results validate the whole process, and show its adaptation to systems oriented data processing. The report is concluded on new perspectives, while being interested in particular in multi-layer systems linking together several layers: a “transport” layer of telecommunication and a “service” layer of image processing
Bi, Duyan. „Segmentation d'images basée sur les statistiques de rangs des niveaux de gris“. Tours, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOUR4005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDubois, Véronique. „Intégration cognitive d'informations multimedia et mémoire de travail“. Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05H048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this thesis was to study the involvement of working memory's sub-systems (visuo-spatial sketchpad and phonological loop, Baddeley, 1986) in the comprehsion of texts and illustrations (Exp. 1 & 2) and in the integration of multimedia information (Exp. 3 & 4). In this purpose, the dual task paradigm was used , with a spatial concurrent task (tapping) and a verbal concurrent task (concurrent articulation). The results from experiments 1 and 2 showed that the visuo-spatial sketchpad is selectively involved in processing illustrated texts or illustrations presented alone. The phonological loop is specifically involved in processing texts. The experiments dealing with a realistic multimedia material suggested that the sub-systems of working memory are involved in the cognitive integration of multimedia information. The phonological loop would maintain verbal information, the visuo-spatial sketchpad would maintain pictorial information. Both sub-systems would maintain transitory mental representations which integrate verbal and pictorial information. Overall, the results underlined the influence of individual differences in verbal span and spatial span on the cognitive integration of multimedia information. Ergonomic reccomendations aiming a best adaptation of multimedia products tothe cognitive characteristics of individuals are proposed
Pichené, Matthieu. „Analyse multi-niveaux en biologie systémique computationnelle : le cas des cellules HeLa sous traitement apoptotique“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S026/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis examines a new way to study the impact of a given pathway on the dynamics of a tissue through Multi-Level Analysis. The analysis is split in two main parts: The first part considers models describing the pathway at the cellular level. Using these models, one can compute in a tractable manner the dynamics of a group of cells, representing it by a multivariate distribution over concentrations of key molecules. % of the distribution of the states of this pathway through groups of cells. The second part proposes a 3d model of tissular growth that considers the population of cell as a set of subpopulations, partitionned such as each subpopulation shares the same external conditions. For each subpopulation, the tractable model presented in the first part can be used. This thesis focuses mainly on the first part, whereas a chapter covers a draft of a model for the second part
Pinon, Karine. „Métamémoire et dysfonctionnement exécutif : étude clinique des niveaux de perturbation et réflexion sur les méthodes d'investigation de la mémoire“. Angers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ANGE0012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work was double. On the one hand, it had to realise a clinical study of the different levels of disturbances of the metamemory among frontal dysexecutive patients as well as links between metamemory processes and executives functions. In addition , we discussed methods to investigate the metamemory in these patients. We had therefore first presented a review on metacognition, metamemory and the links between metamemory and the executive functions. Experimentations were set up on 2 parts : 2 experiments focussed on making an exhaustive evaluation of the different components of metamemory and of executive functions in local frontal and dysexecutive patients and 2 studies focussed on methodological aspects. Both experiments 1 and 2 highlighed a selected effect on some metamemory processes and links between these processes and some specific executive functions, for example abilities on planning and measures of metamemory monitoring. The third experiment was focused on the influence of study time allocation on other metamemory processes : contrary to control subjects, patients less benefit from self-paced study time. The last experiment was led in order to consider different difficulties regarding the methods used in order to evaluate the various paradigms, and more particulary the FOK judgment paradigm. All the collected data have been examined , and they converge to support the idea that metamemory was not a unitary function but constitued of several distinct processes. Data also showed that metamemory will be selectively disturbed in frontal and/or dysexecutive brain-damaged patients
Ehrlich, Marie-France. „Mémoire et compréhension : étude du traitement cognitif des phrases et des textes“. Paris 8, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA080417.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims to study the relationships between memory and comprehension. Ten experiments guided by a cognitive and semantic perspective were carried out with young adult subjects. Part one deals with sentence memory. In chapter one, some elements of linguistic analysis and propositional models of meaning representation are presented. In chapter two, four experiments are reported and a model of cognitive processes in sentence memorization is proposed. Part two deals with text memory and comprehension. In chapter three, the linguistic approach to textual structures is described as well as models of the cognitive representation of text content (propositional and mental models). Text comprehension requires the construction of a coherent mental representation. In each of the chapters four, five and six, two experiments are reported. The processes responsible for the elaboration of cognitive representations are investigated, taking both local and global levels of text organizations into account. Memory performances were found to be dependent on the cognitive representations. In the conclusion, some suggestions for future research on text comprehension are put forward
Gohier, Bénédicte. „Inhibiton cognitive , traitement émotionnel implicite et trouble dépressif majeur“. Angers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ANGE1195.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMajor depressive disorder is characterized by impairments in memory, attention and executive functions, particularly the cognitive inhibition and in emotional regulation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the process of emotional processing in major depressive disorder byfocusing on cognitive inhibition and the implicit treatment of emotional information. In a first experiment, we evaluated the ability of cognitive inhibition in a population of twenty patients suffering from major depressive disorder, based on the model of Hasher and Zacks (1988), using neutral material. A cross-modal emotional priming task (face, sound, word) was used to assess the implicit process. We used this task on 275 healthy subjects in order to evaluate a possible gender effect and with depressed patients. The main results confirm impairment in cognitive inhibition in patients suffering from major depressive disorder, particularly in terms of access and restraint functions. The emotional priming tesk allows us to confirm the bias toward negative information, correlated with lack of cognitive inhibition. The gender difference, with a greater sensibility for healthy women to negative environment was also found in depressed women. We discuss the consequence of impairment in cognitive inhibition on the processes of emotional regulation in major depressive disorder, and also the issue of female vulnerability, psychopathological and therapeutic. Major depressive disorder is characterized by impairments in memory, attention and executive functions, particularly the cognitive inhibition and in emotional regulation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the process of emotional processing in major depressive disorder byfocusing on cognitive inhibition and the implicit treatment of emotional information. In a first experiment, we evaluated the ability of cognitive inhibition in a population of twenty patients suffering from major depressive disorder, based on the model of Hasher and Zacks (1988), using neutral material. A cross-modal emotional priming task (face, sound, word) was used to assess the implicit process. We used this task on 275 healthy subjects in order to evaluate a possible gender effect and with depressed patients. The main results confirm impairment in cognitive inhibition in patients suffering from major depressive disorder, particularly in terms of access and restraint functions. The emotional priming tesk allows us to confirm the bias toward negative information, correlated with lack of cognitive inhibition. The gender difference, with a greater sensibility for healthy women to negative environment was also found in depressed women. We discuss the consequence of impairment in cognitive inhibition on the processes of emotional regulation in major depressive disorder, and also the issue of female vulnerability, psychopathological and therapeutic
Géhère, Kévin. „Implémentation multi-niveaux de modèles hiérarchiques neuronaux“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS335.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis paper addresses the following issue: Is event-based a relevant interface of engineering to model and provide solutions to the processing of biological signals? The first chapter deals with the setting up of an optical flow algorithm developed on event cameras inspired by the operation of the retina on the output signal of a rat retina. This work highlights the differences between the event model and the biology and exposes several adaptation solutions leading to an error in estimating the direction of flow of 3.5 ∞. The second chapter deals with the development of a real-time cell-sorting solution on the electrodes that record the output signal of a retina. The algorithm is evaluated by means of a data set known from the state of the art and manages to compete with non-real-time algorithms of the state of the art while more stable state make to the noise. Chapter 3 deals with the use of the algorithm presented chapter 2 in the project Sight Again to characterize ex-vivo the Prima prosthesis.The data treatments presented show the implant activation thresholds that are confirmed by the in-vivo part of the project. Chapter 4 deals with the generalization of the algorithm of Chapter 2 to the analysis of the variation of the pupillary contraction. This chapter highlights the biometric character of the pupil and uses hidden Markov models to study the pupil's behaviour. The document ends with a discussion about the limitations that event based applications may encounter, including the lack of compatible hardware platforms
Dumoulin, Cédric. „Dream : une mémoire partagée répartie à cohérence programmable“. Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePerbal-Hatif, Séverine. „Estimation du temps, vitesse de traitement de l'information et mémoire : approche neuropsychologique“. Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066291.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJuhel, Jacques. „Traitement de l'information visuelle et aptitudes spatiales : approche cognitive et différentielle“. Rennes 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN20012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the first part of this work, we draw the typical stages of the visual information processing and try to show the part of the "encoding opportunities" in the visualization of the corresponding mental representation. We therefore examine the limited capacity of short term visual memory and visual code's sensitivity to presentation's type (successive vs simultaneous). A set of experimental studies using the visual comparison's paradigm are described in the second chapter; they inspect independence and complementarity of internal codes, activated in the post-iconic processing of information. We develop the problem of knowledge representation (propositional vs analogic) and study it experimentally by means of different paradigm (visual synthesis and mental transformation). In the third chapter of this thesis we make out the assessment of the factorial studies on spatial abilities: promising prospects of cognitive and differential approach are recalled. In this context, the last experiment try to understand the differences between individual performance measured by psychometric tests and the one reflected by visual memory tasks
Décoret, Xavier. „Pré-traitement de grosses bases de données pour la visualisation interactive“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00528890.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChampagne, Julie. „Traitement d'ordre en mémoire à court terme et estimation du temps : effet d'interférence spécifique au traitement d'ordre temporel“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/51881.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDeschamps, Thomas. „Extractions de courbes et surfaces par méthodes de chemins minimaux et ensembles de niveaux : applications en imagerie médicale 3D“. Paris 9, 2001. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2001PA090038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we focus on the use of minimal path techniques and Level-Sets active contours, for curve and shape extraction in 3D medical images. In the first part of thesis, we worked upon the reduction of the computing cost for path extraction. We proposed several path extraction algorithms for 2D as well as for 3D images. And we applied those techniques to real medical imaging problems, in particular automatic path extraction for virtual endoscopy and interactive and real-time path extraction with on-the-fly training. In the second part, we focused on surface extraction. We developed a fast algorithm for pre-segmentation, on the basis of the minimal path formalism of the first part. We designed a collaborative method between this algorithm and a Level-Sets formulation of the problem, which advantage is to be able to handle any topological change of the surfaces segmented. This method was tested on different segmentation problems, such as brain aneurysms and colon polyps, where target is accuracy of the segmentation, and enhanced visualization of the pathologies. In the last part of the thesis, we mixed results from previous part to design a specific method for tubular shape description and segmentation, where description is the extraction of the underlying skeleton of our objects. The skeletons are trajectories inside our objects, which are used as well for virtual inspection of pathologies, as for accurate definition of cross-sections of our tubular objects. In the last chapter we show applications of our algorithms to the extraction of branching structures. We study the vascular tree extraction in contrast enhanced medical images, and we apply the same principle to the more complex problem of the bronchial tree extraction in multi-slice CT scanners of the lungs
Scherman, Michael. „Transparence induite électromagnétiquement et mémoires quantiques sur la raie D2 du césium : effet de l’élargissement inhomogène dans une structure atomique multi-niveaux“. Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBecause it allows a strong, controllable, and coherent light-matter interaction, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is nowadays used in a wide range of physical phenomena. However, on the D2 line of 133Cs, and in the presence of inhomogeneous broadening, the experimentally measured transparency is very weak. We thus investigate theoretically a model that takes into account the multiple excited levels of the line and identify the influence of each of them on the EIT. The study concludes that some particular velocity classes of atoms are responsible for the loss of the EIT. We then propose an original method that permits to restore the transparency by velocity distribution shaping. Finally, the expected increase of the transparency is experimentally demonstrated. Then, two EIT-based quantum memory experiments are presented. In the first one, two orthogonal quadratures of a single-sideband were stored without excess noise in a hot vapor of Cs. In the second one, the storage of a coherent state in the single photon regime in a cloud of cold atoms is obtained. In order to prepare the storage of non classical light, the lock of the homodyne measurement in a fixed quadrature of a squeezed state is realized. This experiment should lead to the demonstration of on demand entanglement of two atomic ensembles
Gimenes, Guillaume. „Traitement des gestes sans signification en mémoire de travail : Structure, stratégies et optimalisation“. Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR2017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this work is to improve knowledge on the treatment of meaningless gestures in working memory. This research is based on five studies divided into three phases: the characterization of the structure dedicated to these stimuli; strategies used spontaneously; and optimization of performance due to induced strategies. Our first two studies show that meaningless gestures are processed by a dedicated working memory component. This component operates like the phonological loop of Baddeley, Allen and Hitch (2011) whilst being distinct from it. The next two studies highlight spontaneous verbalization, which is used in metacognitive judgments of performances, yet without improving the latter. When participants are watching gestures, both verbal and motor encoding could operate at the same time, though without combination of memory traces. The last study shows that the recall of gestures is facilitated by the use of an induced verbal strategy. However, performance is not improved by a gestural strategy. By consequence, a combination of the different memory traces is possible when words match gestures. The discussion of the thesis is structured around an update of Baddeley’s model (Baddeley et al., 2011) by adding a new component called the "motoric loop". As the gestures seem to be particularly prone to context, we are also opening the framework of this research on theories of embodied cognition (Wilson, 2002) and grounded cognition (Barsalou, 2008), as well as the embedded processes model of working memory (Cowan, 2001)
Priol, Thierry. „Lancer de rayon sur des architectures parallèles : étude et mise en oeuvre“. Rennes 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REN10051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleItier, Roxane Jeanne. „Perception et reconnaissance des visages non familiers chez l'adulte et l'enfant : étude neurophysiologique du traitement de la configuration“. Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30131.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoloix, Emmanuelle. „INFLUENCE DE LA TÂCHE SUR LE TRAITEMENT DES SCÈNES VISUELLES COMPLEXES : UNE MODÉLISATION DES NIVEAUX DE REPRÉSENTATION“. Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011364.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMolinier, Claude. „Traitement de l'information sismique en vue de la localisation de niveaux productifs dans la mine de Chessy“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37599789r.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMolinier, Claude. „Traitement de l'information sismique en vue de la localisation de niveaux productifs dans la mine de Chessy“. Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10566.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrâce, Erwan. „Hiérarchie mémoire reconfigurable faible consommation pour systèmes enfouis“. Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783898.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBeroule, Dominique. „Un modèle de mémoire adaptative, dynamique et associative pour le traitement automatique de la parole“. Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112317.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoiseau, Frédéric. „Rôle des fonctions exécutives et de la vitesse de traitement dans la mémoire épisodique et la mémoire de travail au cours du vieillissement“. Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR2043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThree major models were developed in order to account for the memory modifications during aging : the executive deficit model, the processing speed slowing model, and the cognitive resources reduction model. The aim of this work was to explain the effects of aging on memory tasks requiring various degrees of cognitive resources by determining the contribution of the executive functions and the processing speed. The results indicate that aging deteriorates the more cognitive resources dependant tasks, and that this effect seems to depend at the same time on an executive deficit and a processing speed slowing. On the other hand, the processing speed captures entirely the age-related variance on the R answers (R/K paradigm, Gardiner, 1988). This result is discussed in terms of identification of the process leading to the R and K answers, and of compensatory strategies setting in older subjects