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Taylor, Anne E., Neeraja Vajrala, Andrew T. Giguere, Alix I. Gitelman, Daniel J. Arp, David D. Myrold, Luis Sayavedra-Soto und Peter J. Bottomley. „Use of Aliphaticn-Alkynes To Discriminate Soil Nitrification Activities of Ammonia-Oxidizing Thaumarchaea and Bacteria“. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, Nr. 21 (16.08.2013): 6544–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01928-13.
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ABSTRACTAmmonia (NH3)-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and thaumarchaea (AOA) co-occupy most soils, yet no short-term growth-independent method exists to determine their relative contributions to nitrificationin situ. Microbial monooxygenases differ in their vulnerability to inactivation by aliphaticn-alkynes, and we found that NH3oxidation by the marine thaumarchaeonNitrosopumilus maritimuswas unaffected during a 24-h exposure to ≤20 μM concentrations of 1-alkynes C8and C9. In contrast, NH3oxidation by two AOB (Nitrosomonas europaeaandNitrosospira multiformis) was quickly and irreversibly inactivated by 1 μM C8(octyne). Evidence that nitrification carried out by soilborne AOA was also insensitive to octyne was obtained. In incubations (21 or 28 days) of two different whole soils, both acetylene and octyne effectively prevented NH4+-stimulated increases in AOB population densities, but octyne did not prevent increases in AOA population densities that were prevented by acetylene. Furthermore, octyne-resistant, NH4+-stimulated net nitrification rates of 2 and 7 μg N/g soil/day persisted throughout the incubation of the two soils. Other evidence that octyne-resistant nitrification was due to AOA included (i) a positive correlation of octyne-resistant nitrification in soil slurries of cropped and noncropped soils with allylthiourea-resistant activity (100 μM) and (ii) the finding that the fraction of octyne-resistant nitrification in soil slurries correlated with the fraction of nitrification that recovered from irreversible acetylene inactivation in the presence of bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors and with the octyne-resistant fraction of NH4+-saturated net nitrification measured in whole soils. Octyne can be useful in short-term assays to discriminate AOA and AOB contributions to soil nitrification.
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Fiocchi, N., E. Ficara, S. Bonelli, R. Canziani, F. Ciappelloni, S. Mariani, M. Pirani, P. Ratini, D. Mazouni und J. Harmand. „Automatic set-point titration for monitoring nitrification in SBRs“. Water Science and Technology 58, Nr. 2 (01.08.2008): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.387.
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Nitrification is usually the bottleneck of biological nitrogen removal processes. In SBRs systems, it is not often enough to monitor dissolved oxygen, pH and ORP to spot problems which may occur in nitrification processes. Therefore, automated supervision systems should be designed to include the possibility of monitoring the activity of nitrifying populations. Though the applicability of set-point titration for monitoring biological processes has been widely demonstrated in the literature, the possibility of an automated procedure is still at its early stage of industrial development. In this work, the use of an at-line automated titrator named TITAAN (TITrimetric Automated ANalyser) is presented. The completely automated sensor enables us to track nitrification rate trend with time in an SBR, detecting the causes leading to slower specific nitrification rates. It was also possible to perform early detection of toxic compounds in the influent by assessing their effect on the nitrifying biomass. Nitrifications rates were determined with average errors±10% (on 26 tests), never exceeding 20% as compared with UV-spectrophotometric determinations.
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Yao, Chuang, Heng-Yi Lei, Qiang Yu, Shu-Ping Li, Hua-Liang Li, Kai Chen und Xing-Hong Zhang. „Application of magnetic enhanced bio-effect on nitrification: a comparative study of magnetic and non-magnetic carriers“. Water Science and Technology 67, Nr. 6 (01.03.2013): 1280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.697.
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A novel magnetic carrier with surface magnetic field of 4 mT was developed for studying the magnetic enhanced bio-effect on nitrification. The bio-effect on nitrificaton induced by the magnetic carrier was studied by comparing the performance of sequencing batch biofilm reactors filled with magnetic (MC) and non-magnetic (NMC) carriers. The result showed that the bioreactor with MC had better performance for nitrification than bioreactor with NMC. During the biofilm culturing period, the time required for nitrification formation in biofilm of the MC reactor was 25% less than that for the NMC reactor. The results also showed that the ammonium oxidation rate of the MC reactor was 1.6-fold faster than that in the NMC reactor at high influent NH4-N concentration, while nitrite oxidation rate was always accelerated regardless of influent NH4-N concentration. The specific oxygen uptake rate analysis revealed that ammonia and nitrite oxidation activities in biofilm of the MC reactor were 1.65 and 1.98 times greater than those of the NMC reactor, respectively.
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Wang, B., S. He, L. Wang und L. Shuo. „Simultaneous nitrification and de-nitrification in MBR“. Water Science and Technology 52, Nr. 10-11 (01.11.2005): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0721.
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Experiments have been carried out to get an understanding of the effect of DO, C/N ratio and pH on the performance of a bench scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) in simultaneous nitrification and de-nitrification. It was found that under the conditions of MLSS in the range of 8000–9000mg/L and temperature of water in the MBR of 24°C, influent COD and NH3-N in the range of 523–700mg/L and 17.24–24mg/L respectively, the removals of COD, NH3-N and TN were 98%,99% and 60%; 96.5%,98% and 75%; 96%,95% and 92%; 90%,70% and 60% respectively at DO of 6, 3, 1 and 0.5mg/L. It was also found that the changes in C/N ratio and pH in a certain range have a slight effect on COD removal but have significant influence on the removal of NH3-N and TN. The results showed that only under the conditions that each ecological factor was maintained relatively steadily, simultaneous nitrification and de-nitrification proceeded smoothly. It was found that when C/N ratio was 30, the influent pH 7.2, the temperature of water in MBR 24°C and DO 1mg/L, as optimum conditions, the removals of COD, NH3-N and TN were 96%, 95% and 92% respectively. In addition, mechanism research on simultaneous nitrification and de-nitrification in MBR has been conducted as well.
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Li, Pengzhang, Yongzhen Peng, Shuying Wang und Yue Liu. „N2O Emission from Partial Nitrification and Full Nitrification in Domestic Wastewater Treatment Process“. Water 14, Nr. 20 (11.10.2022): 3195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14203195.
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Using actual domestic wastewater as the research object, nitrogen compounds and their combinations were added to different nitrification (partial nitrification, full nitrification) processes to investigate nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and its nitrification mechanisms. The presence of influent NH4+ was the driving force of N2O emission during nitrification. Compared with full nitrification, NO2− in partial nitrification more readily generated N2O by denitrification. Under the proportional gradient of NH4+-N:NO2−-N/NO3−-N, 30:0, 20:10, 10:20, and 0:30, total N2O emissions during partial nitrification were 2.81, 11.30, 65.20, and 11.67 times greater than the total N2O emissions during full nitrification. Full nitrification was more beneficial to N2O emission reduction. This provides a control strategy for N2O emission reduction in wastewater treatment processes under the background of reducing the production of greenhouse gases.
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Guo, Changqing, Hongmei Wang, Dianbo Zou, Yue Wang und Xiaori Han. „A novel amended nitrification inhibitor confers an enhanced suppression role in the nitrification of ammonium in soil“. Journal of Soils and Sediments 22, Nr. 3 (02.01.2022): 831–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-021-03118-3.
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Abstract Purpose Nitrification inhibitor plays an important regulatory role in inhibiting the nitrification of ammonium in soils. However, most of nitrification inhibitors lack the sustainable effects in suppressing the nitrification of ammonium. In this study, a novel DMS nitrification inhibitor was prepared and tested to explore its lasting effect of nitrification suppression in black soil. Materials and methods Both culture experiments and field trial were performed in black soils. Three kinds of nitrification inhibitors (NIs), dicyandiamide (DCD) with low bioactivity, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) with high bioactivity, and a novel 3,4-dimethylpyrazole sulfate zinc (DMS) with long half-life, were applied into soils, respectively, and the abundance changes of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were investigated; then, the accumulation changes of inorganic nitrogen, nitrogen use efficiency, and crop yields were furtherly evaluated. Results and discussions A novel DMS nitrification inhibitor with high activity and long half-life maintained a persistent effect of nitrification suppression, and remarkably increased the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen in soil, thus improving nitrogen use efficiency and crop yields. This study implies that lowering the nitrogen loss of nitrification-triggered in soil is of great importance for improving nitrogen use efficiency. Conclusions This study provided an insight into the sustainable nitrification suppression of a novel DMS nitrification inhibitor under excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in black soils. Compared with improving the activity, reasonably prolonging the validity of nitrification inhibitors in soil is a more important strategy increasing the sustainable effects of nitrification inhibition, and the survival period of nitrification inhibitors in soil should be a crucial factor improving nitrogen use efficiency.
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Schrantz, Karen A., Jonathan G. Pressman und David G. Wahman. „Simulated distribution nitrification: Nitrification Index evaluation and viable AOB“. Journal - American Water Works Association 105, Nr. 5 (Mai 2013): E242—E254. http://dx.doi.org/10.5942/jawwa.2013.105.0046.
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Fleming, Kala K., Gregory W. Harrington und Daniel R. Noguera. „Nitrification potential curves: a new strategy for nitrification prevention“. Journal - American Water Works Association 97, Nr. 8 (August 2005): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2005.tb07453.x.
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Purwanto, Supriyadi und Aniek Hindrayani. „Effectiveness of Nitrification Inhibition on Various Species of Brachiaria Grass Rhizosphere“. E3S Web of Conferences 31 (2018): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183103007.
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Nitrification has the potential to decrease the efficiency of nitrogen utilization by plants. The use of nitrifying inhibitory chemicals proved to be effective in controlling nitrification, but also affects beneficial soil microbes. Another attempt to inhibit the more environmentally-friendly nitrification is to use plants that have allelochemical nitrification inhibiting compounds such as the grasses of Brachiaria. The aim of this research is to know the effectivity of B.mutica, B.decumbens, and B.humidicola as inhibitors of nitrification rate in soil. The experiment was carried out by pot experimental method based on nondestructive sampling and Complete Randomized Design, consisting of Brachiaria plant types and various doses of N fertilizer, 100 kg/ha, 150 kg/ha, 200 kg/ha. The results of this study show that 1) B.mutica, B.decumbens, and B.humidicola, highly significant to the soil potential nitrification, but the treatment of various doses of N fertilizer is not significant to the soil potential nitrification. 2) the highest soil potential nitrification in B.mutica rhizosphere was 5.160 mg NO2-/g of soil/5h, while the lowest soil potential nitrification in the rhizosphere of B.humidicola plant was 0.414 mg NO2-/g/5h. 3) From the four treatment of Brachiaria plants can be concluded B.humidicola plant more effective in inhibition of nitrification.
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Strauss, Eric A., Nicole L. Mitchell und Gary A. Lamberti. „Factors regulating nitrification in aquatic sediments: effects of organic carbon, nitrogen availability, and pH“. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, Nr. 3 (01.03.2002): 554–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-032.
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We investigated the response in nitrification to organic carbon (C) availability, the interactive effects of the C: nitrogen (N) ratio and organic N availability, and differing pH in sediments from several streams in the upper midwestern United States. In addition, we surveyed 36 streams to assess variability in sediment nitrification rates. Labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC) additions of 30 mg C·L1 (as acetate) to stream sediments reduced nitrification rates (P < 0.003), but lower concentration additions or dilution of ambient DOC concentration had no effect on nitrification. C:N and organic N availability strongly interacted to affect nitrification (P < 0.0001), with N availability increasing nitrification most at lower C:N. Nitrification was also strongly influenced by pH (P < 0.002), with maximum rates occurring at pH 7.5. A multiple regression model developed from the stream survey consisted of five variables (stream temperature, pH, conductivity, DOC concentration, and total extractable NH4+) and explained 60% of the variation observed in nitrification. Our results suggest that nitrification is regulated by several variables, with NH4+ availability and pH being the most important. Organic C is likely important at regulating nitrification only under high environmental C:N conditions and if most available C is relatively labile.
Ballinger, Stuart John. „Molecular ecology of nitrification in a denitrification nitrification wastewater treatment system“. Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312005.
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Rahman, Mohammad Shahedur. „Nitrification in premise plumbing systems“. Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/rahman/RahmanM0808.pdf.
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Monochloramine is increasingly used instead of free chlorine as a secondary disinfectant. Ammonia is introduced into water for monochloramine formation or by decay. Nitrification can have deleterious effects on water quality that may lead to regulatory violations. In this project water quality and influence of pipe material on the onset of nitrification and consequences of nitrification in premise plumbing were investigated. Also potential control strategies for nitrification were evaluated. Initially two types of copper coupons (new and old, i.e., pre-exposed to 0.1N NaOH solution) were used with water of two different carbon (2~4ppm) and ammonianitrogen (0.36~0.71ppm) concentrations. In the next experiment, pre-aged copper and PVC coupons were used with high carbon (4 ppm) and two ammonia concentrations (0.36 and 0.71 ppm). When all reactors showed complete signs of nitrification the ammonia concentration in low ammonia (0.36 ppm) feed reactors were raised to the high level (0.71 ppm). The PVC reactors were quicker in adjusting to this change. Next, the effect of copper ion, chlorite and chloramine on nitrifying simulated household plumbing systems was investigated. No significant effect of copper on nitrification was observed. Chlorite was not effective on the PVC system but inhibited the copper system at 20 ppm. Nitrification activity was also impacted significantly at a 5:1 ratio of chlorine to ammonia and ultimately stopped. To investigate the effect of nutrient conditions on metal release in a nitrifying system and the consequences of change in microbial population, influent humic and ammonia concentrations of two reactors of each set were raised to 8 ppm and 2.13 ppm respectively. Higher ammonia increased only the autotrophs while higher TOC increased only the heterotrophs. For all reactors alkalinity and pH decreased due to nitrification, with lesser effect on copper reactors. Increased TOC or nitrogen increased the copper concentration in the water. The microbial population was analyzed by PCR and DGGE. The biofilm community composition is influenced by nutrient condition and pipe material and environmental stress (chlorite or monochloramine). The presence of copper in the PVC reactor did not cause any impact on community composition.
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Wehrfitz, Josa-Marie. „The biochemistry of heterotrophic nitrification“. Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318038.
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Hill, Michael Oliver. „Heterotrophic nitrification in Paracoccus denitrificans“. Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393135.
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Buchwald, Carolyn. „Oxygen isotope systematics of nitrification“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/114328.
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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2007. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 39-41). During nitrification there is an exchange of oxygen atoms between water and nitrite, causing the [delta]¹⁸O of nitrate produced by nitrification to be closer to the [delta]¹⁸O of water than expected. A series of lab and field experiments were set up in order to quantify the exchange, and then calculate the [delta]¹⁸O of nitrate with these values. The lab experiments tested the exchange in ammonia oxidation, using ammonia oxidizing bacteria, Nitrosomonas sp. C113a and Nitrococcus oceani, and nitrite oxidation using cultures of the nitrite oxidizing bacterium, Nitrosococcus mobilis. The exchange value in the ammonia oxidation experiments could not be calculated because of unexpected complications in the analysis in the [delta]¹⁸O of nitrite. Although we weren't able to obtain a confident value for the exchange we were able to find a way to correct the [delta]¹⁸O of nitrite, for blank and exchange that affects the sample [delta]¹⁸O value for nitrite measured by the mass spectrometer. The exchange in the nitrite oxidation experiment could not be measured because there was full abiotic exchange in the bottle preventing us from calculating biotic exchange. A control experiment was successful in eliminating this exchange by adjusting the pH to a value higher than 8 prior to inoculation of the media during the experiment. In a future nitrite oxidation experiment this change in experimental design would make it possible to measure the exchange during nitrite oxidation. The experiments were a good step toward developing the best way to measure microbially-catalyzed exchange, and hopefully this value can be quantified in future analysis. by Carolyn Buchwald. S.B.
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Allison, Stuart M. „Autotrophic nitrification at low pH“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1989. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU020926.
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The effect of low pH on autotrophic ammonia oxidation was to be investigated. Autotrophic ammonia oxidisers were successfully isolated from soils of low pH, from sites around Scotland, in an attempt to determine if acid tolerant or acidiphilic strains were responsible for nitrification in these soils. No acid tolerant bacteria were isolated and adaptation, of nitrifiers, to low pH was not found to have occurred during the maintenance of agricultural soil plots at low pH. Carbonate was found to be limiting at low pH, if sodium carbonate, alone, was used to adjust the pH of the medium. The pH minima for ammonia oxidation was not affected by additional carbonate. Recently isolated nitrifying bacteria, grown in liquid culture, were found to produce large amounts of exopolysaccharides at stationary phase, causing cell aggregation. Evidence suggested that this material offered protection against desiccation. Continuous flow columns were used to study surface attached N. europaea at low pH. It was demonstrated that surface attachment allowed nitrification to occur at 1.3 pH units lower than in liquid batch culture. This system also demonstrated a requirement for additional carbonate in medium of low pH. Evidence was found to indicate that ammonium is transported into the cell and that NH3 is not a limiting factor due to low pH. A nitrifying biofilm showed that attachment within a polysaccharide matrix offered significant persistence in a low pH environment and that activity occurred at a value lower than in liquid batch culture. The sensitivity of N. europaea to inhibition by PEX was found to increase in liquid batch culture. Continuous flow soil columns showed nitrapyrin to be more inhibitory at low pH. Nitrification occurred in columns at a pH value lower than in liquid batch culture. This culture system suggested that the bacteria were in a different physiological state than when grown in batch culture. Several strains of ammonia oxidisers, isolated from acid soils, were shown to possess a urease enzyme. A Nitrosospira sp exhibited limited growth on urea at pH 5.5.
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Burton, Simon Alexander Quentric. „Ureolytic nitrification at low pH“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU052828.
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Laboratory studies of ureolytic nitrification were carried out to determine whether the ability of ammonia oxidisers to hydrolyse urea could explain their persistence and activity in acid soils. Ammonia oxidising bacteria were isolated from a number of acid soils, using previously described and novel techniques, and isolates tested for their ability to hydrolyse urea. None of the 17 isolated strains were found to be ureolytic, nor were they active below pH 7, indicating the persistence of neutrophilic ammonia oxidisers in acidic soils. The failure to isolate ureolytic and acidophilic strains suggested either their absence in these soils or inadequacies with the isolation procedure. Ten strains of ammonia oxidisers, previously isolated by other workers, were also tested for ureolytic activity and two were found to be ureolytic, Nitrosospira sp. (NPAV) and Nitrosospira sp. The growth of Nitrosospira sp. (NPAV) in liquid batch culture was studied in buffered and unbuffered media revealing that, in the presence of urea, growth and activity could be maintained in media with a pH value of 4-7 whereas growth on ammonium sulphate only occurred at or above pH 7. This suggested that ureolytic strains were capable of growth and activity in acidic conditions if urea was present, providing an explanation for the nitrification in acid soils. The oxidation of urea to nitrite by cultures was incomplete and ammonium accumulated. Growth appeared to inhibited at pH 8 in some media suggesting inhibition of growth by urea in these conditions. The growth and activity of Nitrosospira sp. (NPAV) was studied in continuous flow columns at low pH. Activity could be initiated in continuous flow columns by medium containing urea at pH 4 whereas ammonia was only oxidised at or above pH 6 when medium containing ammonium sulphate was supplied. When effluent nitrite production was constant and a steady state had been established, urea was completely hydrolysed by Nitrosospira sp., causing an increase in the pH, indicating the formation of NH3.
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Newton, Andrew P. G. „Investigations into the kinetics of nitrification“. Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1482.
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Niemiera, Alexander X. „Nitrification in a pine bark medium“. Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76465.
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The influence of nitrification on the “soil” solution of container media has not been documented. The investigation of this influence is justified since the ionic form of N in a soil solution has a significant influence on plant tissue nutrient content and growth. Three genera of woody plants were grown in one-liter containers filled with pine bark, treated with and without a nitrification inhibitor and fertilized with 210 ml of a 100 ppm NH₄-N solution. Without the inhibitor and over time, “soil” solution NH₄-N concentrations and pH decreased and NO₃-N concentrations increased. “Soil” solution and tissue cation concentrations were generally greater without the inhibitor.
In a second experiment, pine bark in one-liter containers was treated with either 0, 3 or 6 kg lime m⁻³. “Soil” solution data and NO₃-N accumulation rate (NAR) data showed an earlier nitrification of NH₄-N at the 6 kg lime compared to the 3 kg lime treatment whereas NO₃-N was not found at the 0 kg lime treatment.
In a 3rd experiment, pine bark in one-liter containers was treated with 210 ml of either 25, 100 or 200 ppm NH₄-N. Over time “soil” solution NO₃-N concentrations were greatest and pH values were lowest at the 200 ppm N treatment. The NAR of the 25 ppm N treatment was less than the 100 and 200 ppm N treatment which were not different. The lack of correspondence between the “soil” solution NO₃-N data and the NAR data for the 100 and 200 ppm N treatments was explained on the basis of NH₄-N supply.
In a 4th experiment, pine bark in one-liter containers were subjected to either 10°, 20°, 30° or 40° C for 24 days. “Soil” solution NH₄-N concentrations decreased over time at 10°, 20° and 30°. “Soil” solution NH₄-N and NO₃-N concentrations at 40° were considerably higher and lower, respectively, than at other temperatures. Over time the general order of NAR was: 20° = 30° > 10° > 40°. Results of these experiments indicate that nitrification is an important consideration in the nutrition of container-grown plants. Ph. D.
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Bello, Marcus. „The effect of major environmental factors on archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidisers in soil“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=236940.
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Nitrification is the conversion of ammonia to nitrate via nitrite and is performed by ammonia oxidising archaea (AOA), complete ammonia-oxidiser (comammox) and ammonia and nitrite oxidising bacteria (AOB and NOB). The aim of this study is to examine the effect of ammonia concentration, temperature, drought and inhibitors on activity of AOA and AOB using soil microcosms and cultures. Ammonia concentration in soil increases during drought due to the reduced soil water content and, with desiccation stress or a combination of both factors, may result in reported greater inhibition of AOA than AOB during drought. The independent effects of both matric potential and initial ammonium concentration on AOA and AOB amoA abundances and nitrate production were studied in soil microcosms. AOA were more susceptible to increased desiccation stress than AOB, irrespective of initial soil ammonium concentration, and AOA cultures were more sensitive than AOB to osmotic stress induced by different concentrations of NaCl or sorbitol. This may represent an additional niche differentiating factor between AOA and AOB in soil. The effect of temperature and supply of high levels of inorganic ammonium on ammonia oxidation by AOA and AOB were also investigated in soil microcosms. Activity and growth of AOA and AOB were observed in soil amended with high ammonium concentration with increasing temperature, suggesting that AOA can contribute to nitrification in highly fertilised soil, particularly at 25 oC. Inhibition of AOA by simvastatin was investigated in culture and in soil. Simvastatin selectively inhibited AOA in both systems and soil microcosm studies provided evidence for oxidation of ammonia by AOB at low ammonium concentration. Generally, the results show the benefits of combining soil microcosm and culture-based approaches in soil microbiology. The findings advance our understanding of the influence of ammonium supply, temperature and osmotic stress on soil nitrification and its role in controlling the availability of ammonium-based fertilisers for plant uptake.
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I, Prosser James, und Society for General Microbiology, Hrsg. Nitrification. Oxford: Published for the Society for General Microbiology by IRL Press, 1986.
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J, Reynolds P., National Rivers Authority und Water Research Centre, Hrsg. Nitrification rates in rivers and estuaries. Bristol: National Rivers Authority, 1994.
Ward, Bess B. „Nitrification: An Introduction and Overview of the State of the Field“. In Nitrification, 1–8. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817145.ch1.
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van der Star, Wouter R. L., Wiebe R. Abma, Boran Kartal und Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht. „Application of the Anammox Process“. In Nitrification, 237–63. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817145.ch10.
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Starkenburg, Shawn R., Eva Spieck und Peter J. Bottomley. „Metabolism and Genomics of Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacteria: Emphasis on Studies of Pure Cultures and of Nitrobacter Species“. In Nitrification, 265–93. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817145.ch11.
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Daims, Holger, Sebastian Lücker, Denis Le Paslier und Michael Wagner. „Diversity, Environmental Genomics, and Ecophysiology of Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacteria“. In Nitrification, 295–322. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817145.ch12.
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Ward, Bess B. „Nitrification in the Ocean“. In Nitrification, 323–45. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817145.ch13.
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Prosser, James I. „Soil Nitrifiers and Nitrification“. In Nitrification, 347–83. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817145.ch14.
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Sayavedra-Soto, Luis A., und Daniel J. Arp. „Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria: Their Biochemistry and Molecular Biology“. In Nitrification, 9–37. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817145.ch2.
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Norton, Jeanette M. „Diversity and Environmental Distribution of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria“. In Nitrification, 39–55. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817145.ch3.
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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Nitrification":
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IURCHENKO, Valentyna, Ievgeniia UGNENKO, Oksana MELNIKOVA und Kateryna SOROKINA. „Purification of the water environment from ammonium nitrogen during nitrification in natural reservoirs and in water use facilities“. In 12th International Conference “Environmental Engineering”. VILNIUS TECH, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2023.851.
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Nitrification are two unique reactions of sequential oxidation of ammonium nitrogen, carried out by chemolithoautotrophic bacteria and archaea. Establishing the main source of nitrification in aquatic ecosystems is necessary to manage this process. In experimental researches it has been established that in natural water bodies with a low technogenic load, nitrification is caused by processes in bottom sediments, in areas of water bodies after wastewater discharge – by processes in the water column. In technogenic environments (water use facilities) nitrification is caused by processes in solid phases (filter fillings and activated sludge). Nitrification activity of activated sludge in treatment facilities with deep biological treatment is high and the discharge of deeply purified wastewater into natural water bodies leads to an increase in the processes of nitrification and the activity of self-purification from nitrogen compounds in them.
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Sandu, Maria, Anatolie Tarita, Raisa Lozan, Elena Mosanu, Sergiu Turcan und Tatiana Goreacioc. „Indicele de nitrificare a ionilor de amoniu în apele din fluviul Nistru“. In Provocări şi tendinţe actuale în cercetarea componentelor naturale şi socio-economice ale ecosistemelor urbane şi rurale. Institute of Ecology and Geography, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53380/9789975891608.30.
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The paper presents the fluctuations of the river Dniester Water Nitrification Index, which denotes that downstream of Naslavcea village the nitrification process is intensely (98%), similar to that calculated according information of 2016-2019 years, and towards Palanca village is of 72-79%. Initrif of river Dniester water has a negative correlates with COD-Cr and BOD5, being evidenced the influence on the nitrification process of chemical and biochemical degradable substances, which is attes
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Li, Ya-Qing, und Yu-Xiang Liu. „Relationship between Glyoxylate Cycle and Nitrification Efficiency based on Heterotrophic Nitrification Bacterium Acinetobacter sp.Y1“. In 2nd 2016 International Conference on Sustainable Development (ICSD 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icsd-16.2017.34.
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Zhang, Bo, Hongjie Xu, Xiangyu Zhang, Xiaofeng Xiang, Ning Gao und Xu Lu. „Study on Optimization of Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction for W-Flame Boiler“. In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3110.
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For the optimal design of the selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) for a 600MW W-flame boiler, the SNCR process was simulated through method of chemical kinetics analysis and fluid dynamics analysis. The design temperature, de-nitrification efficiency in theory, position of spray gun and other parameters were determined and 46% de-nitrification rate was finally obtained. Chemical kinetics analysis, without considering the effect of reducing agent mixed with NOx, the theoretical efficiency is higher. Fluid dynamics analysis, taking into account the effect of mass transfer, the de-nitrification efficiency is lower than the theoretical value. In practical engineering, the mixed mass transfer is an important factor affecting the efficiency of SNCR. (CSPE)
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Fu, Jinxiang, Yulan Tang, Xingguan Ma, Jun Li, Qiang Liu, Yuhua Zhao und Jinying Han. „Impact of DO Concentration on Shortcut Nitrification“. In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5517289.
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Morse, Audra, Andrew Jackson und Ken Rainwater. „Nitrification using a Membrane-Aerated Biological Reactor“. In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-2559.
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Sarbu, Ioan. „THE IMPACT OF OZONATION ON NITRIFICATION PROCESSES“. In 13th SGEM GeoConference on ECOLOGY, ECONOMICS, EDUCATION AND LEGISLATION. Stef92 Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/be5.v1/s20.077.
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Jinxiang Fu, Chun Chen, Yang Wang und Yu Chen. „Inhibition of free nitrite acid on nitrification“. In 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Engineering (ICISE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icise.2010.5688780.
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Zhang, Xiaoling, Ying Chen und Zhiying Wang. „Partial Nitrification to Nitrite at Low DO“. In 2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2008.274.
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Saeed Darian und David Stone. „Nitrification and Denitrification in a Single Basin“. In 2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.17035.
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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Nitrification":
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Arp, D. J., und L. A. Sayavedra-Soto. Regulation of the genes involved in nitrification. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/820839.
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Hageman, Richard, Joseph Hagin, R. G. Hoeft und Shelly Katz. Effects of Nitrification Inhibitors on Efficiency of Nitrogen Utilization and Crop Productivity. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1987.7570574.bard.
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Klotz, Martin Gunter. Proposal to support the 4th international conference on nitrification and related processes (ICoN4). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1330971.
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Killorn, Randy, und Kyle Jensen. Effect of Spring Application of N Fertilizer and a Nitrification Inhibitor on Corn Grain Yields. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-507.
