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1
Xu, Jingyi, Natalie D. Eggum-Wilkens und Robert H. Bradley. „Children’s friendship quality trajectories from middle childhood to early adolescence and prediction from sex“. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 37, Nr. 6 (13.03.2020): 1843–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407520910784.
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We investigated the development of children’s self-reported positive (Companionship and Recreation, Validation and Caring, Help and Guidance, Intimate Disclosure, and Conflict Resolution) and negative (Conflict and Betrayal) friendship quality from the third to sixth grades using The National Institute of Child Health and Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development data (NICHD SECCYD; n = 1,364; M age = 9.03 years; 51.70% boys at recruitment). Consistent with expectations, growth models suggested that children reported higher positive, and lower negative, friendship quality with age. Boys had significantly lower positive friendship quality at third grade and slower increases than girls. Boys had slower decreases in negative friendship quality than girls. It is possible that different social orientations explain sex differences in friendship quality trajectories. Further research is needed to explore other factors that might account for individual differences in friendship quality trajectories.
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Brumariu, Laura E., Margaret Tresch Owen, Nazly Dyer und Karlen Lyons-Ruth. „Developmental Pathways to BPD-Related Features in Adolescence: Infancy to Age 15“. Journal of Personality Disorders 34, Supplement B (September 2020): 104–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2020_34_480.
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The self-damaging behaviors central to borderline personality disorder (BPD) become prominent in adolescence. Current developmental theories cite both early family processes and childhood dysregulation as contributors to BPD, but longitudinal data from infancy are rare. Using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development database (SECCYD; N = 1,364), we examined path models to evaluate parent and child contributors from infancy/preschool, middle childhood, and adolescence to adolescent BPD-related features. In addition, person-centered latent class analyses (LCA) investigated whether adolescent BPD-related features were more strongly predicted by particular patterns of maladaptive parenting. Path modeling identified unique influences of maternal insensitivity and maternal depression on BPD-related features, first, through social-emotional dysregulation in middle childhood, and second, through continuity from infancy in maternal insensitivity and depression. LCA results indicated that early withdrawn parenting was particularly predictive of BPD-related features in adolescence. Results suggest multiple points of intervention to alter pathways toward adolescent borderline psychopathology.
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Watamura, Sarah Enos, Deborah A. Phillips, Taryn W. Morrissey, Kathleen McCartney und Kristen Bub. „Double Jeopardy: Poorer Social-Emotional Outcomes for Children in the NICHD SECCYD Experiencing Home and Child-Care Environments That Confer Risk“. Child Development 82, Nr. 1 (Januar 2011): 48–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01540.x.
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White, Andrew S., Kate M. Sirota, Scott R. Frohn, Sara E. Swenson und Kathleen Moritz Rudasill. „Temperamental Constellations and School Readiness: A MultiVariate Approach“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 1 (23.12.2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010055.
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This study uses canonical correlation analyses to explore the relationship between multiple predictors of school readiness (i.e., academic readiness, social readiness, and teacher-child relationship) and multiple temperamental traits using data from the second wave (age 54 months, n = 1226) of the longitudinal Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD; NICHD ECCRN 1993). This longitudinal study collected data on a large cohort of children and their families from birth through age 15. For academic readiness, only one temperamental constellation emerged, representing the construct of effortful control (i.e., high attentional focusing, high inhibitory control). For peer interactions, two significant constellations emerged: “dysregulated” (low inhibitory control, low shyness, and high activity), and “withdrawn” (high shyness, low inhibitory control, low attentional focusing). Finally, the analyses exploring child-teacher relationships revealed two significant constellations: “highly surgent” (high activity, low inhibitory control, low shyness) and “emotionally controlled” (low anger/frustration and high inhibitory control). Results of this study form a more nuanced exploration of relationships between temperamental traits and indicators of school readiness than can be found in the extant literature, and will provide the groundwork for future research to test specific hypotheses related to the effect temperamental constellations have on children’s school readiness.
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Ramer, Jared D., Natalie E. Houser, Robert J. Duncan und Eduardo E. Bustamante. „Enjoyment of Physical Activity—Not MVPA during Physical Education—Predicts Future MVPA Participation and Sport Self-Concept“. Sports 9, Nr. 9 (10.09.2021): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports9090128.
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There exists a general understanding that physical education (PE) is a means to create a physically healthy population. However, disagreements arise over primary practices within PE to achieve this end. The primary divergence is whether PE facilitators should primarily ensure participants exert a specific level of energy during class or develop their confidence, competence, knowledge, and motivation for meaningful physical activity (PA) participation outside of the PE classroom (referred to as physical literacy (PL)). This study uses structural equation modeling to examine associations between enjoyment of PA and minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in PE class in grade 5 (mean age = 10) and participation in PA and feelings about PA 1 year later, in grade 6 (mean age = 11), in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD, N = 1364). Enjoyment of PA in grade 5 predicted sport self-concept (β = 0.347, p ≤ 0.001), MVPA (β = 0.12, p ≤ 0.001), and enjoyment of PA (β = 0.538, p ≤ 0.001) in grade 6. These associations remained when including weekday MVPA performed in grade 5 as an indirect effect (β = 0.058, p ≤ 0.001). MVPA performed during PE in grade 5 was not associated with any PA outcomes in grade 6. Findings suggest PE instructors should prioritize PL development over maintenance of high energy expenditure during PE class for long-term MVPA.
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von Laue, Schwappach und A. Hochreutener. „"Second victim" - Umgang mit der Krise nach dem Fehler“. Therapeutische Umschau 69, Nr. 6 (01.06.2012): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930/a000300.
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Behandlungsfehler haben nicht nur Folgen für Patienten ("first victims"), sondern auch für die Verursacher. Fast alle medizinischen Fachpersonen werden im Laufe ihrer Berufsausübung einmal zu einem sog. "zweiten Opfer" oder "second victim" durch die Beteiligung an einem Fehler. Untersuchungen zeigen, dass eine solche Beteiligung zu starken Belastungen der Mitarbeiter führen kann, bis hin zu Burn-out, Depression und beruflichen Krisen. Zudem weisen Betroffene Einbußen in ihrer Leistungsfähigkeit auf und gefährden damit zusätzlich die Patientensicherheit. Ein typisches psychologisches Reaktionsmuster nach einem Fehler ist die Schuldzuweisung, denn nach der Attributionstheorie wird unser Selbstwert stabilisiert, indem wir die Schuld für einen Fehler einer anderen Person zuschreiben, also einen Sündenbock suchen. Der Beschuldigte wird alleine gelassen und ist dadurch zusätzlich belastet. Wenn diese Folgeerscheinungen der Beteiligung an einem Fehler nicht systematisch und konstruktiv angegangen werden, kann ein Teufelskreis daraus resultieren, der nicht nur individuell tragisch ist, sondern auch relevant für die Patientensicherheit und den Betrieb.
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Carlson, Robert. „Aromatase inhibitors: a niche in second-line breast cancer therapy“. Inpharma Weekly &NA;, Nr. 1107 (Oktober 1997): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199711070-00024.
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Bricoli, Barbara. „NICHE Solutions – second in a series: Focus on Delirium/Dementia“. Geriatric Nursing 34, Nr. 1 (Januar 2013): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2012.12.004.
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Brown, Holly. „NICHE Hospitals Report: Length of stay – Second in a series“. Geriatric Nursing 37, Nr. 3 (Mai 2016): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2016.04.005.
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Farrer, Benjamin. „Connecting Niche Party Vote Change in First- and Second-Order Elections“. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties 25, Nr. 4 (03.07.2015): 482–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2015.1063496.
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Lioux, Ghislaine, Xiaolei Liu, Susana Temiño, Michael Oxendine, Estefanía Ayala, Sagrario Ortega, Robert G. Kelly, Guillermo Oliver und Miguel Torres. „A Second Heart Field-Derived Vasculogenic Niche Contributes to Cardiac Lymphatics“. Developmental Cell 52, Nr. 3 (Februar 2020): 350–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2019.12.006.
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Lindstam, Emmy. „Signalling issue salience: Explaining niche party support in second-order elections“. Electoral Studies 60 (August 2019): 102026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2019.03.002.
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Shir, Ofer M., Michael Emmerich und Thomas Bäck. „Adaptive Niche Radii and Niche Shapes Approaches for Niching with the CMA-ES“. Evolutionary Computation 18, Nr. 1 (März 2010): 97–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/evco.2010.18.1.18104.
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While the motivation and usefulness of niching methods is beyond doubt, the relaxation of assumptions and limitations concerning the hypothetical search landscape is much needed if niching is to be valid in a broader range of applications. Upon the introduction of radii-based niching methods with derandomized evolution strategies (ES), the purpose of this study is to address the so-called niche radius problem. A new concept of an adaptive individual niche radius is applied to niching with the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES). Two approaches are considered. The first approach couples the radius to the step size mechanism, while the second approach employs the Mahalanobis distance metric with the covariance matrix mechanism for the distance calculation, for obtaining niches with more complex geometrical shapes. The proposed approaches are described in detail, and then tested on high-dimensional artificial landscapes at several levels of difficulty. They are shown to be robust and to achieve satisfying results.
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Derks, Thea. „Galina Ustvolskaya: ‘Sind Sie mir nicht böse!’“. Tempo, Nr. 193 (Juli 1995): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298200004290.
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The last sounds of her Third Symphony have died down; conductor Valery Gergiev turns about, clapping. A wave of surprise and emotion passes through Amsterdam Concertgebouw as Galina Ustvolskaya, shy but determined, climbs the stage. The audience, aware of the historic significance of this moment, continues applauding for some minutes, and she returns to the stage a second time. But this time she turns about half-way up the stairs, and leaves the hall.
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Cahill, Alison G., Anthony Odibo, Kimberly Roehl und George Macones. „611: Electronic fetal heart rate patterns in the second stage of labor: utility of the NICHD nomenclature“. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 206, Nr. 1 (Januar 2012): S274—S275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2011.10.629.
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Falster, Daniel S., Åke Brännström, Mark Westoby und Ulf Dieckmann. „Multitrait successional forest dynamics enable diverse competitive coexistence“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, Nr. 13 (10.03.2017): E2719—E2728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1610206114.
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To explain diversity in forests, niche theory must show how multiple plant species coexist while competing for the same resources. Although successional processes are widespread in forests, theoretical work has suggested that differentiation in successional strategy allows only a few species stably to coexist, including only a single shade tolerant. However, this conclusion is based on current niche models, which encode a very simplified view of plant communities, suggesting that the potential for niche differentiation has remained unexplored. Here, we show how extending successional niche models to include features common to all vegetation—height-structured competition for light under a prevailing disturbance regime and two trait-mediated tradeoffs in plant function—enhances the diversity of species that can be maintained, including a diversity of shade tolerants. We identify two distinct axes of potential niche differentiation, corresponding to the traits leaf mass per unit leaf area and height at maturation. The first axis allows for coexistence of different shade tolerances and the second axis for coexistence among species with the same shade tolerance. Addition of this second axis leads to communities with a high diversity of shade tolerants. Niche differentiation along the second axis also generates regions of trait space wherein fitness is almost equalized, an outcome we term “evolutionarily emergent near-neutrality.” For different environmental conditions, our model predicts diverse vegetation types and trait mixtures, akin to observations. These results indicate that the outcomes of successional niche differentiation are richer than previously thought and potentially account for mixtures of traits and species observed in forests worldwide.
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Pohlmann, Birgit-Kristin. „mCRPC: Cabazitaxel zukünftige Second-line-Option nach Docetaxel?“ Onkologische Welt 01, Nr. 06 (2010): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1631103.
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Bislang steht für Patienten mit metastasiertem kastrationsresistentem Prostatakarzinom (mCRPC), die auf die Standard-First-line-Chemotherapie mit Docetaxel nicht mehr adäquat ansprechen, keine Evidenz-basierte Therapieoption zur Verfügung. Große Hoffnungen verbinden sich daher mit Cabazitaxel, einer neuen Substanz, die diesen Patienten noch einmal die Chance auf eine Überlebenszeitverlängerung bietet. In den USA ist Cabazitaxel bereits für die Second-line-Behandlung beim mCRPC nach Docetaxel-Versagen zugelassen. In Europa ist die Zulassung für diese Indikation bean-tragt.
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Litvak, Matthew K., und Roger I. C. Hansell. „Investigation of food habit and niche relationships in a cyprinid community“. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, Nr. 9 (01.09.1990): 1873–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-267.
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Study of the gut contents of a cyprinid community by means of frequency occurrence and back-predicted biomass data indicated that Pimephales promelas has a benthic food habit, consuming a high proportion of detritus and associated invertebrates. Phoxinus eos and Phoxinus neogaeus both consumed prey from the benthos and throughout the water column. A large portion of their diet also consisted of detritus, but less than that of Pimephales promelas. The community food niche was analyzed in multidimensional niche space, using principal coordinate analysis, and an algorithm for a community perspective on the multidimensional niche was used. Pimephales promelas had the smallest niche, with a high proportion of its niche hypervolume in intersection with the two Phoxinus species. Phoxinus eos had the second largest niche and was the "middle competitor" in this community. Phoxinus neogaeus had the largest niche and was overlapped the least in the community. Comparison with previous studies of food habit suggests that competition was occurring at the time of the study.
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Ricci, Angela Dalia, Alessandro Rizzo und Giovanni Brandi. „Immunotherapy in Biliary Tract Cancer: Worthy of a Second Look“. Cancer Control 27, Nr. 3 (01.07.2020): 107327482094804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073274820948047.
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Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment landscape of several malignancies, the role of immunotherapy in biliary tract cancer (BTC) is currently under investigation and ICIs are still looking for their niche in this setting. In this Editorial, we discuss recently published data regarding ICIs in BTC, with a particular focus in terms of selection of patients and biomarker-driven trials.
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Ramos-Rodriguez, David H., Sheila MacNeil, Frederik Claeyssens und Ilida Ortega Asencio. „The Use of Microfabrication Techniques for the Design and Manufacture of Artificial Stem Cell Microenvironments for Tissue Regeneration“. Bioengineering 8, Nr. 5 (23.04.2021): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8050050.
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The recapitulation of the stem cell microenvironment is an emerging area of research that has grown significantly in the last 10 to 15 years. Being able to understand the underlying mechanisms that relate stem cell behavior to the physical environment in which stem cells reside is currently a challenge that many groups are trying to unravel. Several approaches have attempted to mimic the biological components that constitute the native stem cell niche, however, this is a very intricate environment and, although promising advances have been made recently, it becomes clear that new strategies need to be explored to ensure a better understanding of the stem cell niche behavior. The second strand in stem cell niche research focuses on the use of manufacturing techniques to build simple but functional models; these models aim to mimic the physical features of the niche environment which have also been demonstrated to play a big role in directing cell responses. This second strand has involved a more engineering approach in which a wide set of microfabrication techniques have been explored in detail. This review aims to summarize the use of these microfabrication techniques and how they have approached the challenge of mimicking the native stem cell niche.
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Müller, Jens, und Armin Rott. „Second Screen – (K)ein Streitgespräch“. MedienWirtschaft 11, Nr. 1 (2014): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/1613-0669-2014-1-28.
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Manchen Begriffen ist ein Zauber inne, so auch dem Begriff „Second Screen“. Sie kommen und gehen, man erinnere sich an „Second Life“. Bei Second Screen wird behauptet, er durchdringe Stück für Stück immer mehr die Fernsehhaushalte in Deutschland, die Zuschauer surften massenweise parallel zum Fernsehen im Internet mit einem Zweitgerät, beispielsweise mit dem Smartphone, Tablet-PC oder Laptop. Die breite Masse sei hoch interessiert daran, sich Zusatzinformationen zu den Sendungen zu beschaffen und sich zu den Contents auf den Social- Media-Plattformen zu äußern. Wenn nicht heute, dann eben morgen. Die Euphorie ist groß, dass die intelligente Kombination von Second Screen und dem Wohnzimmerbildschirm ein völlig neues Nutzererlebnis entstehen lasse. Unsere Redaktionsbeirats-Mitglieder, Prof. Dr. Jens Müller und Prof. Dr. Armin Rott, haben sich in einem „Streitgespräch“ über die Thematik gebeugt und kommen zu interessanten Einsichten. Die Fragen stellte Prof. Dr. Martin Gläser (MG).
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Midtbøen, Arnfinn H., und Marjan Nadim. „Ethnic niche formation at the top? Second-generation immigrants in Norwegian high-status occupations“. Ethnic and Racial Studies 42, Nr. 16 (18.07.2019): 177–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2019.1638954.
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Hoffmann, Bert. „Kuba: Die Reform von innen, die nicht stattfand“. PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 27, Nr. 107 (01.06.1997): 317–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v27i107.884.
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Over the last 3 or 4 years, a new spirit of debate and controversy over the problems and future perspectives of Cuban socialism has emerged within the academic establishment of the island. However, in march last year the Politburo of Cuba's Communist Party launched an aggressive» ideological crusade« against this development, labe!ling it »subversive«, »dangerous deviation« and »the emergence of fifth-columnism in Cuba«. The obective of the article is, first, to sketch the outlines of this intellectual debate by reviewing the most central academic publications as weil on the necessary economic reform steps as on the political and social aspects of Cuba's current c1isis, and, second, to draw - one year after the sadly famous campaign of the Politburo - a first balance of its consequences.
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Malone, Fergal D., Nicholas J. Wald, Jacob A. Canick, Robert H. Ball, David A. Nyberg, Christine H. Comstock, Radek Bukowski et al. „First- and second-trimester evaluation of risk (faster) trial: principal results of the NICHD multicenter down syndrome screening study“. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 189, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2003): S56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2003.10.001.
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Anandra, Annisa Rizki, Rachmat Kriyantono und Antoni Antoni. „PERSAINGAN PORTAL BERITA ONLINE MENGGUNAKAN PRESPEKTIF TEORI NICHE PADA KAJIAN EKONOMI MEDIA“. Metacommunication: Journal of Communication Studies 5, Nr. 2 (01.09.2020): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/mc.v5i2.8597.
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Online news portals are interesting objects to study because they are superior to traditional media. The presence of the web, makes many researchers see the emergence of new public spaces in which individuals can find and produce diverse information. The development of the media was interestingly researched on seven online news portals which became the pioneers of online media in Indonesia, namely Detik, Kompas, Republika, Okezone, Media Indonesia, Tempo and VIVA . The purpose of this research is to find out media competition by using niche theory perspectives in two aspects namely niche breadt and overlap niche from Detik, Kompas, Republika, Media Indonesia, Okezone, Tempo and VIVA in terms of message distribution. Researchers want to see how competition between online news portals is equally competitive with different media characteristics. The method used first is quantitative content analysis as initial data to calculate niche breadth and niche overlap, second niche breadth analysis, and thirdly niche overlap analysis of the seven online news portals studied.. The results show that media competition in the breadth niche is divided into two generalist parts and tends to be generalist. Generalists point out that online news portals do not depend on a single source of life support. The overlapping niche results show that the level of competition or overlap of the seven online news portals can be said to be high or tight. The high competition category is divided into three parts, namely, the highest, tend to be high and a little high.
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Litsios, Glenn, Loïc Pellissier, Félix Forest, Christian Lexer, Peter B. Pearman, Niklaus E. Zimmermann und Nicolas Salamin. „Trophic specialization influences the rate of environmental niche evolution in damselfishes (Pomacentridae)“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, Nr. 1743 (20.06.2012): 3662–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.1140.
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The rate of environmental niche evolution describes the capability of species to explore the available environmental space and is known to vary among species owing to lineage-specific factors. Trophic specialization is a main force driving species evolution and is responsible for classical examples of adaptive radiations in fishes. We investigate the effect of trophic specialization on the rate of environmental niche evolution in the damselfish, Pomacentridae, which is an important family of tropical reef fishes. First, phylogenetic niche conservatism is not detected in the family using a standard test of phylogenetic signal, and we demonstrate that the environmental niches of damselfishes that differ in trophic specialization are not equivalent while they still overlap at their mean values. Second, we estimate the relative rates of niche evolution on the phylogenetic tree and show the heterogeneity among rates of environmental niche evolution of the three trophic groups. We suggest that behavioural characteristics related to trophic specialization can constrain the evolution of the environmental niche and lead to conserved niches in specialist lineages. Our results show the extent of influence of several traits on the evolution of the environmental niche and shed new light on the evolution of damselfishes, which is a key lineage in current efforts to conserve biodiversity in coral reefs.
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Koretskaya, Olga, und Christian Scholl. „Towards a Framework for Understanding Discursive Regime Destabilisation: A Case Study of a Social Movement Organisation “Economy for the Common Good”“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 16 (13.08.2019): 4385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164385.
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Despite increasing scepticism about the conventional growth model, the topic of destabilisation of socio-economic regimes has not yet captured scholarly interest. This paper addresses this gap and serves a twofold purpose. First, it develops an analytical framework for studying discursive regime destabilisation based on previous research by Turnheim and colleagues. The framework is novel as it allows for: (1) structured analysis of framing interactions between niche and regime actors; (2) visualised mapping of discursive actors; and (3) identification of phases of discursive destabilisation. Second, the paper contributes to the literature on an ongoing practice of socio-economic transformations by applying the framework to a case study of a social movement organisation, “Economy for the Common Good” (ECG), that seeks to advance socio-economic transition. The suggested framework was useful for analysing the ECG. First, it demonstrated that niche actors employed mostly motivational and prognostic frames supporting the alternative economic approach, while the regime diffused mostly diagnostic frames focusing on the perceived negative aspects of the niche. Second, by applying the framework, we identified three relevant destabilisation phases in this socio-economic transformation process: Blindness and Denial, Incremental Responses to Problems and Increasing Doubts and Diversification. We argue that the framing of the niche affects different actor groups differently: while representatives of high authorities remained in the first phase of destabilisation, regional authorities and private companies already appeared at the second and third phases.
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Taichman, Russell S., Younghun Jung, Benjamin Williams, Junhui Song und Paul H. Krebsbach. „Hematopoietic Stem Cells Regulate Niche Development.“ Blood 108, Nr. 11 (16.11.2006): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.90.90.
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Abstract Events localized to endosteal surfaces are critical for the maintenance of hematopoetic stem cells (HSCs). Here we explored whether HSCs themselves regulate their microenvironment directly by regulating cytokine expression by osteoblasts (OBs) in response to physiologic demands, or influence the developmental pattern of mesenchymal lineages and thereby indirectly modulate cytokine expression. To test the these possibilities, marrow was isolated from mice 48h after stressing the animals with a single acute bleed (removing 30% of the calculated blood volume by jugular vein venipucture) and in a second control group of non-stressed (puncture only) animals. The Sca-1(+) hematopoietic cells were co-cultured with confluent murine bone marrow stromal (BMSC) and calvarial digested OBs. The presence of HSCs stimulated the basal production of IL-6, SDF-1 and osteoclacin by OBs and BMSCs as determined by ELISA. Co-cultures of HSCs derived from the stressed group produced more IL-6, SDF-1 and osteocalcin relative to the non-stressed group. Newborn dermal fibroblasts did not respond in a similar fashion. To determine if HSCs influence the developmental pattern of the marrow, HSCs derived from stressed and non-stressed animals were separated from either murine OBs or BMSCs using TranswellR membranes and the ability of target cells to differentiate along the osteoblastic lineage was evaluated. A significant proportion of the colonies established from calvarial-derived OB cultures were able to mineralize their extracellular matrix relative whole BMSC population (CFU-OB). In the presence of HSCs, the proportion of non-mineralized (CFU-F) and mineralized colonies from the OB populations significantly increased. Further enhancement of both colony types were induced by the HSCs derived from stressed and non-stressed animals. Adherent cells derived from mixed BMSCs also responded to the presence of HSCs by increasing the generation of CFU-F and OBs relative to the No HSC groups. HSCs derived from stressed vs. the non-stressed groups of animals were better able to induce CFU-OB differentiation. Microarray of HSCs derived from stressed vs. the non-stressed groups, and QRT-PCR of highly purified HSCs (CD150(+), CD48(−), CD41(−), Sca-1(+), cKit(+)) suggested that BMP-2 and BMP-6 were responsible for the activities. Antibody neutralization studies confirmed these observations that BMP-2 and BMP-6 derived from the HSCs themselves alters the developmental pattern of the marrow microenvironment. In conclusion, cross-talk between HSCs-OBs is essential for the development of both cellular populations. These studies demonstrate that at least 2 mechanisms whereby HSCs might set up a paracrine loop with OBs to establish the HSC niche; (i) HSCs directly regulate cytokine expression by OBs in response to physiologic demands or, (ii) HSCs may influence the developmental pattern of mesenchymal lineages and thereby indirectly modulate cytokine expression in the marrow.
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Kundu, Debasish Kumar, Arthur P. J. Mol und Aarti Gupta. „Failing arsenic mitigation technology in rural Bangladesh: explaining stagnation in niche formation of the Sono filter“. Water Policy 18, Nr. 6 (10.08.2016): 1490–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.014.
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Arsenic contamination of shallow hand pump tube well drinking water in Bangladesh has created opportunities for radical innovations to emerge. One such innovation is the household Sono filter, designed to remove arsenic from water supplies. Applying a strategic niche management approach, and based on interviews, focus groups and a workshop, this article explains the Sono filter's failure to establish itself as a successful niche technology. Three explanatory factors are identified: lack of a strong social network (of technology producers, donors, users, and government actors) around it; diverging expectations regarding its potential to be a long-term solution; and lack of second-order learning amongst key actors. Beyond these three factors that help to explain the lack of successful niche formation, this paper clearly shows that the overwhelming dependency on fund-driven projects also deters successful niche formation in the context of the developing world.
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Andrushenko, A. Yu, und A. V. Zhukov. „МАСШТАБНО-ЗАВИСИМЫЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ В СТРУКТУРЕ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ НИШИ ЛЕБЕДЯ-ШИПУНА CYGNUSOLOR (GMELIN, 1803) В ПЕРИОД ЗИМОВКИ В ПРЕДЕЛАХ ЗАЛИВА СИВАШ“. Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 6, Nr. 3 (19.12.2016): 234–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/201691.
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<p>The assessment of the information value of ecogeographical predictors based on remote sensing data from satellites to reflect features of the ecological niche of the Swan-mute <em>Cygnus up</em> (Gmelina, 1803) in wintering within the Gulf Sivash have been presented. Two groups predictors of ecogeographical landscape data have been considered. The first group is assigned digital elevation model and its derivatives. The second set of classified vegetation indices obtained from Landsat 8 image. Ecological niche has been described using ENFA-procedure. The procedure of random distribution of the pseudo-absent points which range from the presence points restricted by some distance has been applied to assess the role of scale in ecological niche. Ecological niche of Swan mute has been shown to be described in terms of landscape ecogeographical variables. The properties of the ecological niche of the Swan-mute have been found to be depends upon the scale of its consideration. Under various boundary ranges we can get an entirely different, but statistically valid, assess the structure of the ecological niche of the Swan-mute based landscape ecogeographical predictors. The role of the various ecogeographical predictors depending on the scale can vary greatly.</p>
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Ladyzhets, Sophia, Matthew Antel, Taylor Simao, Nathan Gasek, Ann E. Cowan und Mayu Inaba. „Self-limiting stem-cell niche signaling through degradation of a stem-cell receptor“. PLOS Biology 18, Nr. 12 (14.12.2020): e3001003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001003.
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Stem-cell niche signaling is short-range in nature, such that only stem cells but not their differentiating progeny receive self-renewing signals. At the apical tip of the Drosophila testis, 8 to 10 germline stem cells (GSCs) surround the hub, a cluster of somatic cells that organize the stem-cell niche. We have previously shown that GSCs form microtubule-based nanotubes (MT-nanotubes) that project into the hub cells, serving as the platform for niche signal reception; this spatial arrangement ensures the reception of the niche signal specifically by stem cells but not by differentiating cells. The receptor Thickveins (Tkv) is expressed by GSCs and localizes to the surface of MT-nanotubes, where it receives the hub-derived ligand Decapentaplegic (Dpp). The fate of Tkv receptor after engaging in signaling on the MT-nanotubes has been unclear. Here we demonstrate that the Tkv receptor is internalized into hub cells from the MT-nanotube surface and subsequently degraded in the hub cell lysosomes. Perturbation of MT-nanotube formation and Tkv internalization from MT-nanotubes into hub cells both resulted in an overabundance of Tkv protein in GSCs and hyperactivation of a downstream signal, suggesting that the MT-nanotubes also serve a second purpose to dampen the niche signaling. Together, our results demonstrate that MT-nanotubes play dual roles to ensure the short-range nature of niche signaling by (1) providing an exclusive interface for the niche ligand-receptor interaction; and (2) limiting the amount of stem cell receptors available for niche signal reception.
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Schwarting, Susanne. „Erstattung von Protrusionsschienen bei Schlafapnoe“. Schlaf 03, Nr. 04 (2014): 250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1626111.
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Unterkieferprotrusionsschienen sind heute eine anerkannte Therapieoption der obstruktiven Schlafapnoe. Leitlinien internationaler schlafmedizinischer Fachgesellschaften empfehlen ihre Anwendung first-line bei leicht- bis mittelgradiger Schlafapnoe (bis 30 Apnoen pro Stunde Schlaf) und second-line bei schwergradiger Schlafapnoe (>30 Apnoen/Std), wenn der Patient die CPAP-Überdruckatmung (continuous positive airway pressure) nicht toleriert. Auch die S3-Leitlinie „Nicht-erholsamer Schlaf/Schlafstörungen“ (2009) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin bewertet Protrusionsschienen zur Behandlung der Schlafapnoe mit höchstem Evidenzgrad.
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Bodenmiller, Adam E., Adnan K. Shaout und Zhivko V. Tyankov. „A Classified Advertisement Framework to Support Niche and other Targeted Markets“. International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems 12, Nr. 3 (Juli 2016): 38–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeis.2016070103.
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Classified advertisement sites often follow two different approaches to filter classified advertisement data to customers and potential customers. The first approach is to reach out to the broader market, allowing the customers to filter to their target market on the classified website. The downside of this approach is that it lacks the customization and specialization people in a niche market tend to prefer. The second approach is to create classified advertisement websites that are customized to meet the needs of a target or niche market. This specialization is more appealing to niche market customers. However, the second approach is more focused. Therefore, the customer base is smaller, and expanding to more markets requires building more websites, which can be costly in time, money and effort. In this paper the authors propose a framework that allows website developers to quickly and efficiently create targeted market websites. The framework proposed enables website developers to quickly customize text, context and features offered on the newly created targeted market website. In addition, the framework overcomes the entry barrier new websites face by obtaining the starting classified listings required to make a new classified website viable to potential buyers and sellers.
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De Aquino Ferreira, Keltony, Leandro Rabello Monteiro und Ana Paula Madeira Di Beneditto. „The niche of shrimp stocks (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri Heller, 1862) from southeastern Brazil: a stable isotope approach“. Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, Nr. 9 (26.06.2020): 16173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5961.12.9.16173-16176.
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The penaeid shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri is the second most important species of crustacean in Brazilian fisheries. Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen are chemical proxies to provide quantitative information about the consumer isotopic niche, which is associated with its feeding ecology and ecological niche in the environment. This study evaluated the niche dimensions of X. kroyeri from different stocks through stable isotopes determinations. Shrimps were sampled in four fishing areas from southeastern Brazil (Vitória and Anchieta, in Espírito Santo State, and Atafona and Farol de São Tomé, in Rio de Janeiro State). The stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen were determined in the abdominal muscle. Quantitative metrics of the isotopic niche estimated the trophic diversity and trophic redundancy among stocks. Shrimp stocks from Espírito Santo State had highest trophic diversity, indicating greater variety of food sources and wider utilization of the available food sources. The shrimps from Rio de Janeiro State had highest trophic redundancy, revealing a more homogeneous dietary pattern. The isotopic niche approach allowed the discrimination of X. kroyeri stocks distributed in southeastern Brazil, and the results will be helpful to assist fisheries management.
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Rolfe, Richard, John Barrett und Roland Perry. „Analysis of chemosensory responses of second stage juveniles of Globodera rostochiensis using electrophysiological techniques“. Nematology 2, Nr. 5 (2000): 523–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854100509448.
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Abstract Electrophysiological techniques were developed to obtain recordings of electrical activity from the anterior end of live, second stage juveniles (J2) of Globodera rostochiensis. Sequential exposure of individual J2 to test semiochemicals was also possible using a modified perfusion system. Concentration-dependent responses were obtained from J2 during exposure to 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mM acetylcholine. The delay before any response was not concentration-dependent. The responses to 10 mM concentrations of several chemicals known to elicit a feeding response in insects were assessed. There was a significant increase in spike activity when J2 were exposed to D-tryptophan but glycine and citric acid elicited no responses. Exposure to D-glutamic acid resulted in a significant increase in spike activity but exposure to the L-isomer gave no response. This was confirmed by sequential exposure of J2 to the L- then to the D-isomer. Exposure to potato root diffusate elicited a response, whereas a non-host root diffusate from sugar beet and female secretory-excretory (S-E) product caused no change in activity. Die Analyse chemosensorischer Reaktionen von Juvenilen des zweiten Stadiums von Globodera rostochiensis mit elektrophysiologischen Techniken - Zur Gewinnung von Informationen über die elektrische Aktivität des Vorderendes von Juvenilen des zweiten Stadiums (J2) von Globodera rostochiensis wurden elektrophysiologische Untersuchungsmethoden entwickelt. Aufeinander folgende Behandlungen einzelner J2 zur Prüfung von Semiochemikalien wurden auch durch ein verändertes Perfusionssystem erreicht. Bei der Behandlung von J2 mit 0.1, 1, 10 und 100 mM Acetylcholin wurden konzentrationsabhängige Reaktionen erzielt. Die Verzögerung vor dem Sichtbarwerden einer Reaktion war dagegen nicht konzentrationsabhängig. Es wurden auch die Reaktionen auf 10 mM Konzentrationen mehrerer Substanzen geprüft, die bei Insekten eine Nahrungsaufnahme auslösen. Bei D-Tryptophan trat eine deutliche Erhöhung der Spitzenaktivität ein, bei Glycin und Zitronensäure erfolgte keine Reaktion. Eine Behandlung mit DGlutaminsäure erhöhte die Spitzenaktivität deutlich, nicht jedoch das L-Isomer. Diese Beobachtung wurde bestätigt, wenn man die J2 erst dem L- und anschließend dem D-Isomer aussetzte. Die Behandlung mit Kartoffelwurzel-Ablaufwasser rief eine Reaktion hervor, nicht aber Wurzelextrakte des Nichtwirtes Zuckerrübe und Produkte des sekretorisch-exkretorischen Systems von Weibchen.
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Wang, Yousong, Yufan Zhang, Yang Li, Martin H. Asare und Yan Zhang. „Empirical Study on Ecological Niche Evaluation on Regional Construction Industry in China“. Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 8, Nr. 1 (01.10.2014): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801408010164.
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The ecological system of the construction industry had been divided into three aspects, i.e.economy, scale and technology. Basing on the ecological niche theory, this paper established the evaluation model and studied on the ecologi-cal niche status about national regional construction industry in China using statistical data from 2007 to 2012. The analy-sis results show that Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Liaoning have the highest scores in the economic and the scaled niche. Tianjin, Beijing and Jiangsu’s technology niche are better. Overall, Integrated niche still has a better performance in Jiangsu, Zhe-jiang and Liaoning. The calculated values are 0.1002, 0.0696 and 0.0592 respectively. In terms of the discreteness and the diversity, the score of the scaled niche is the highest. The economic niche’s score is the second. And the lowest score is belonged to the technology niche. It is also found that the national construction industry has an unbalanced development in each area. The construction industry depends on the advantage of the economic investment and scaled advantage in the eastern coastal and the central regions. The level of the management and the technology is still low in the whole industry. Therefore, it is suggested that the Chinese government should enhance the strength of the construction investment and de-velopment in the north and west regions, ensuring the good developmental situation in the eastern and central regions. The R&D and the spreading of the technological advanced achievement should be strengthened. And the management and the technology level of the construction industry should be improved.
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Goodman, Brett A. „Microhabitat separation and niche overlap among five assemblages of tropical skinks“. Australian Journal of Zoology 55, Nr. 1 (2007): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo06066.
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The niche axes of microhabitat use, activity and size for 21 skink species from five assemblages (Alligator Creek, Cairns, Chillagoe, Cooktown and Mt Bartle Frere) in the biodiverse tropics of north-east Queensland were examined. Species within the same assemblage separated predominantly along two structural microhabitat gradients; one that ranged from microhabitats dominated by large rocks to leaf litter and total ground cover, and a second defined by increasing leaf litter, ground cover, undergrowth, proximity to vegetation and increased canopy cover. All species used available microhabitats non-randomly, with species from the same ecotype (arboreal, generalist, litter-dwelling, rock-using) clustering in multivariate ecological space. Despite evidence of within-assemblage niche overlap, null-model comparisons revealed that only one assemblage (Chillagoe) had greater niche overlap than would be expected by chance. Assemblages with more species occupied smaller niche space, indicating species packing. However, species with more diverse niches were less evenly packed. While most species overlapped in activity time and body size, differences among species from the same ecotype were observed. Despite subtle differences in temporal activity and body size, differences in structural microhabitat use appears to be the dominant niche axis allowing the coexistence of species within these assemblages of tropical skinks.
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Crittenden, Sarah L., Kimberly A. Leonhard, Dana T. Byrd und Judith Kimble. „Cellular Analyses of the Mitotic Region in the Caenorhabditis elegans Adult Germ Line“. Molecular Biology of the Cell 17, Nr. 7 (Juli 2006): 3051–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e06-03-0170.
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The Caenorhabditis elegans germ line provides a model for understanding how signaling from a stem cell niche promotes continued mitotic divisions at the expense of differentiation. Here we report cellular analyses designed to identify germline stem cells within the germline mitotic region of adult hermaphrodites. Our results support several conclusions. First, all germ cells within the mitotic region are actively cycling, as visualized by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling. No quiescent cells were found. Second, germ cells in the mitotic region lose BrdU label uniformly, either by movement of labeled cells into the meiotic region or by dilution, probably due to replication. No label-retaining cells were found in the mitotic region. Third, the distal tip cell niche extends processes that nearly encircle adjacent germ cells, a phenomenon that is likely to anchor the distal-most germ cells within the niche. Fourth, germline mitoses are not oriented reproducibly, even within the immediate confines of the niche. We propose that germ cells in the distal-most rows of the mitotic region serve as stem cells and more proximal germ cells embark on the path to differentiation. We also propose that C. elegans adult germline stem cells are maintained by proximity to the niche rather than by programmed asymmetric divisions.
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Hoskins, Jake David, und Benton A. Brown. „On the contrasting strategic impact of online customer reviews for niche and mainstream organizations“. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing 12, Nr. 3 (13.08.2018): 347–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrim-01-2018-0015.
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Purpose A significant body of extant empirical evidence has shown that online customer reviews (OCRs) are important in driving organizational performance outcomes. However, it is posited in this manuscript that the relationship between OCRs and organizational performance is unlikely to be the same in all cases. This paper aims to study if niche organizations experience different performance impacts from OCR activity than mainstream organizations do. Design/methodology/approach To test the hypothesized predictions, an empirical analysis is conducted in the context of higher education in the USA, where liberal arts colleges are classified as niche organizations and research universities are classified as mainstream organizations. The regression methods are used to analyze archival data on these organizations of interest. Findings The first major finding is that niche organization status positively influences the relationship between OCR valence and organizational performance outcomes. Second, a large volume of OCRs is found to have a negative impact on performance outcomes for niche organizations. Originality/value The research uncovers important differences in the relationship between OCRs and organizational performance for niche and mainstream organizations. These findings add to the extant body of literature on this area of inquiry by providing further nuance to the existing arguments and empirical evidence.
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Aggoune, Djamel, Nathalie Sorel, Sanaa El Marsafy, Marie Laure Bonnet, Denis Clay, Marie Claude Meunier, Karin Tarte et al. „Molecular Characterization of the Leukemic Niche in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) and Evaluation of a Leukemia / Niche Cross-Talk“. Blood 120, Nr. 21 (16.11.2012): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.908.908.
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Abstract Abstract 908 There is growing evidence that the bone marrow microenvironment could participate to the progression of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Recent data show indeed that placental growth factor (PGF) expression is highly induced in stromal cells from CML patients although they are not part of the leukemic clone as they are Ph1-negative (Schmidt et al, Cancer Cell 2011). It is possible that leukemic cells instruct the niche components via extracellular or contact signals, transforming progressively the “normal niche” into a functionally “abnormal niche” by inducing aberrant gene expression in these cells, similar to the pattern that has been identified in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). In an effort to identify the differential gene expression pattern in the CML niche, we have undertaken two strategies of gene expression profiling using a Taqman Low Density Arrays (TLDA) protocol designed for 93 genes involved in antioxidant pathways (GPX, PRDX, SOD families), stromal cell biology (Collagen, clusterin, FGF, DHH), stem cell self-renewal (Bmi1, MITF, Sox2) and hematopoietic malignancies (c-Kit, hTERT, Dicer, beta-catenin, FOXO3). The first strategy consisted in the analysis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from the bone marrow of newly diagnosed CP-CML patients (n=11). As a control, we have used MSCs isolated from the bone marrow of age-matched donors (n=3). MSCs were isolated by culturing 6–8.106 bone marrow mononuclear cells in the presence of b-FGF (1 ng/ml). At 2–3 weeks, cells were characterized by the expression of cell surface markers (CD105+, CD90+) and by their potential of differentiation towards osteoblastic, chondrocytic and adipocytic lineages. The second strategy aimed to study the potential instructive influence of leukemic cells in the gene expression program of normal MSC after co-culture with either the UT7 cell line expressing BCR-ABL (3 days) or with CD34+ cells isolated from CP-CML at diagnosis (5 days) as compared to co-culture with cord blood CD34+ cells. After culture, CD45-negative MSC were cell-sorted and analyzed by TLDA. All results were analyzed using the StatMiner software. Results: TLDA analysis of gene expression pattern of MSC from CML patients (n=11) as compared to normal MSCs (n=3) identified 6 genes significantly over-expressed in CML-MSC: PDPN (10-Fold Increase), V-CAM and MITF (∼8 Fold increase), MET, FOXO3 and BMP-1 (∼ 5 Fold increase). To confirm these results we have performed Q-RT-PCR in a cohort of CML-MSC (n= 14, including the 11 patients as analyzed in TLDA) as compared to normal MSC. High levels of PDPN (Podoplanin, ∼8 fold increase), MITF (Microphtalmia Associated Transcription factor, 4-Fold) and VCAM (Vascular Cell Adhesion Protein, 2 fold increase) mRNA were again observed on CML MSCs. Our second strategy (co-culture of normal MSC with BCR-ABL-expressing UT7) revealed an increase of IL-8 and TNFR mRNA expression in co-cultured MSCs (∼5-fold ) whereas there was a major decrease in the expression of DHH (∼ 25-fold) upon contact with BCR-ABL-expressing cells. No modification of the expression of PDPN, MITF or VCAM was noted in normal MSC after this 3-day co-culture strategy using UT7-BCR-ABL cells. Current experiments are underway to determine if primary CD34+ cells from CML patients at diagnosis could induce a specific gene expression pattern in normal MSC after 5 days of co-culture. PDPN is a glycoprotein involved in cell migration and adhesion, acting downstream of SRC. It has been shown to promote tumor formation and progression in solid tumor models and is highly expressed in CAFs. MITF is a bHLH transcription factor involved in the survival of melanocyte stem cells and metastatic melanoma. Finally, high VCAM1 mRNA expression by MSCs from CML patients could be involved in increased angiogenesis known to be present on CML microenvironment. In conclusion, our results demonstrate an abnormal expression pattern of 3 important genes (PDPN, MITF and VCAM1) in MSC isolated in CP-CML patients at diagnosis. The mechanisms leading to an increased mRNA expression (instructive or not instructive by leukemic cells) and their relevance to CML biology are under evaluation. Our results, confirming previous data, suggest strongly the existence of a molecular cross-talk between leukemic cells and the leukemic niche. The elucidation of such aberrant pathways in the microenvironment could lead to the development of “niche-targeted” therapies in CML. Disclosures: Turhan: Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding.
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Richardt, W., H. Jeroch und J. Spilke. „Fütterungs- und nicht fütterungsbedingte Einflüsse auf den Milchhamstoffgehalt von Milchkühen – 2. Mitteilung: Nicht fütterungsbedingte Einflussfaktoren auf den Milchhamstoffgehalt von Milchkühen“. Archives Animal Breeding 44, Nr. 5 (10.10.2001): 505–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-44-505-2001.
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Abstract. Title of the paper: The impact of nutrition and non nutrition factors on milk urea concentration. II. The impact of non nutrition factors on milk urea concentration The object of this study was to determine the impact of non nutrition factors stage of lactation, parity, milk protein yield, somatic cell count, season and herd on milk urea concentration. For parity one to fife 239, 242, 238, 235 and 237 mg urea/l milk was calculated using least-squares-means. Parity has a Statistical significant but small influence on the milk urea concentration. There was a strong positive relationship between the stage of lactation (day in milk) and milk urea concentration. The regression coefficients for day in milk within the three lactation periods were 0.34, 0.04 and 0.06. This means that the milk urea concentration increases by about 10 mg/1 over 30 days in the first lactation period. The fixed effects for first and second lactation period versus third lactation period were −31.6 and −2.1. Protein yield has a significantly positive influence on milk urea concentration. The regression coefficients for milk protein yield within the three lactation periods were 42.5, 43.2 and 31.2. This means that the milk urea concentration would increase by about 4 mg/l in first lactation period if the milk protein yield increased by 0.1 kg/day. The effect of somatic cell count on milk urea was significantly negative. The regression coefficients for somatic cell count within the three lactation period were −0.017, −0.019 and −0.015. This means that the milk urea concentration will decrease by 1.7 mg/l in first lactation period if the somatic cell count increases by IE5/ml. The relationship between dietary crude protein/energy balance, milk protein yield, stage of lactation, somatic cell count and milk urea concentration can be described by an equation (third paper).
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Puppin-Gonçalves, Carolina T., Matheus Arthur L. Rocha, Carlos E. R. D. Alencar, Sávio A. S. N. Moraes, Paulo V. N. Araújo und Fúlvio A. M. Freire. „Niche modeling remarks of Luidia senegalensis (Lamarck, 1816) (Asteroidea, Luidiidae) after 30 years of its first capture in the northeastern Brazilian coast“. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 48, Nr. 3 (06.07.2020): 497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol48-issue3-fulltext-2130.
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After more than 30 years of species' first capture on the Brazilian northeast coast, we report the second occurrence of the starfish Luidia senegalensis with niche modeling remarks on its distribution. Bottom trawl net collected specimens with artisanal fishery boat in Rio Grande do Norte State, northeast Brazil. It was noted the existence of a large number of regions, with high suitability for the occurrence of this species, in South America taking into account the ecological niche modeling, when compared to North and Central American continents. Benthic salinity range, calcite, and benthic minimum temperature were the most relevant for modeling. The northeastern, eastern, and southeastern Brazil ecoregions showed the most considerable amount of areas with high suitability for L. senegalensis. The niche modeling revealed essential aspects of the species and its distribution, raising concerns with regards to its future stability.
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Bernasconi, Paolo, Marina Boni, Paola Maria Cavigliano, Barbara Rocca, Rita Zappatore, Irene Dambruoso, Ilaria Giardini et al. „Late Relapse in Leukemia: Does the Niche Matter?“ Blood 120, Nr. 21 (16.11.2012): 4793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.4793.4793.
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Abstract Abstract 4793 Very late recurrence (LR) of AML, defined as relapse after ≥5 years of complete remission (CR), has an incidence of 1.1–3% (Verma et al, 2010; Medeiros et al, 2010) and may be due to the re-growth of the original dormant leukemic clone which may have acquired additional genetic changes or to the emergence of a new leukemic clone favoured by previous drug exposure. In CML LRs after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) are also very rare (1.5% per year) and it is unknown whether rare BCR-ABL transcripts are true manifestations of the original leukemic clone or the results of a “benign” BCR-ABL rearrangement seen in healthy subjects (Sobrinho-Simòes et al, 2010). In order to highlight LR biology, most studies have focused on alterations of cellular dormancy, whereas very few on the disruption of bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. The present study, which reports three patients (two AML and one CML) who experienced LR 5–16 years after CR achievement, was aimed at establishing the incidence of LR, the origin of the leukemic clone, and a potential association between LR and infective episodes. In our AML series the incidence of LR was 0.8% (2/245). The first patient, a 23 year-old male who carried a t(1;3)(p36;q26), was diagnosed as AML M5 and achieved a I CR after four courses of Etoposide (VP16) followed by one course of Daunorubicine (DNR) and a 2-years maintenance with VP16. He remained in CR for eight years when he developed a BM relapse after a viral infection. The leukemic clone presented the same chromosomal defect revealed at the onset of the disease. A II CR was achieved after a re-induction with VP16+Mitoxantrone (M). Two courses of this same regimen were used as consolidation and were followed by an auto-HSCT preceded by a conditioning with BCNU-VP16-Ara-C. Fifteen months later a second relapse occurred. Leukemic cells presented the same original t(1;3)(p36;q26). The patient did not respond to various chemotherapy schedules and died of sepsis. The second patient, a 46 year-old male who carried a t(3;11)(q26;q23), was diagnosed as AML M5 and achieved a I CR after three courses of DNR+Ara-C. Subsequently, he received a HSCT from his daughter after a conditioning with Busulfan+Cyclophosphamide (BU+CY). Take occurred at day +14 without any sign of acute GvHD, but on day +183 the patient developed a chronic extensive GvHD. Two months post-transplant FISH with sex chromosome probes (XY-FISH) revealed 0.5% of male cells, but from day +100 onwards it revealed a complete chimera. Five years later the patient complained of fever and a chest X-ray showed a left pulmonary infection. A BM biopsy revealed the almost exclusive presence of leukemic cells which karyotype was 50,XY,t(3;11)(q26;q23),+4,+8,t(12;?)(p21;?),-14,+mar1,+mar2, +mar3[13]. XY-FISH showed 60% of male cells. The patient died of sepsis. The CML patient was the only one who relapsed 16 years after a sibling allo-HSCT in I chronic phase. HSCT was performed as the patient was intolerant to alpha-interferon which had been replaced by hydroxyurea. Pre-transplant conditioning consisted of BU+CY, take occurred at day +17 without any sign of acute GvHD, but on day +329 the patient developed a chronic limited GvHD. On day +100 XY-FISH revealed a complete chimera, a chromosomal analysis a male karyotype and a BM nested RT PCR the absence of BCR-ABL transcripts. Subsequent analyses including quantitative RT PCR confirmed these findings. However, 16 years post-transplant the patient complained of otitis and fever. Her blood count showed: Hb 11.6g/dl, WBC 8.1×109/l with 22% myelolasts, Plts 5×109/L. A BM aspiration revealed the almost exclusive presence of CD34+, TdT+, CD10+ lymphoblasts having the following karyotype: 46,XY[4]/45,X,t(9;14;22)(q34;p10;q11)[6]. A XY-FISH showed 27% of female cells and a quantitative RT PCR a BCR-ABL/ABL ratio =214,2 (International scale). Tyrosine kinase inhibitors were immediately started. In our series LR was i) a very rare event, ii) always due to the re-growth of the original leukemic clone, iii) always preceded by an infective episode which might have interrupted leukemic cells dormancy through a transient angiogenic burst within the BM microenvironment (Indraccolo et al, 2006). This suggestion is further strengthened by recent data which support a strict interaction between cancer cell metabolism and niche metabolism (Yusuf et al, 2012). Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Gonzalez-Escobedo, Geoffrey, und John S. Gunn. „Gallbladder Epithelium as a Niche for Chronic Salmonella Carriage“. Infection and Immunity 81, Nr. 8 (03.06.2013): 2920–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00258-13.
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ABSTRACTAlthough typhoid fever has been intensively studied, chronic typhoid carriage still represents a problem for the transmission and persistence of the disease in areas of endemicity. This chronic state is highly associated with the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder of infected carriers upon whichSalmonellacan form robust biofilms. However, we hypothesize that in addition to gallstones, the gallbladder epithelium aids in the establishment/maintenance of chronic carriage. In this work, we present evidence of the role of the gallbladder epithelium in chronic carriage by a mechanism involving invasion, intracellular persistence, and biofilm formation.Salmonellawas able to adhere to and invade polarized gallbladder epithelial cells apically in the absence and presence of bile in aSalmonellapathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1)-dependent manner. Intracellular replication ofSalmonellawas also evident at 12 and 24 h postinvasion. A flowthrough system revealed thatSalmonellais able to adhere to and form extensive bacterial foci on gallbladder epithelial cells as early as 12 h postinoculation.In vivoexperiments using a chronic mouse model of typhoid carriage showed invasion and damage of the gallbladder epithelium and lamina propria up to 2 months afterSalmonellainfection, with an abundant presence of macrophages, a relative absence of neutrophils, and extrusion of infected epithelial cells. Additionally, microcolonies ofSalmonellacells were evident on the surface of the mouse gallbladder epithelia up to 21 days postinfection. These data reveal a second potential mechanism, intracellular persistence and/or bacterial aggregation in/on the gallbladder epithelium with luminal cell extrusion, forSalmonellamaintenance in the gallbladder.
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Khilazheva, E. D., A. V. Morgun, E. B. Boytsova, A. I. Mosiagina, A. N. Shuvaev, N. A. Malinovskaya, Yu A. Uspenskaya, E. A. Pozhilenkova und A. B. Salmina. „Features of the in vitro expression profile of hippocampal neurogenic niche cells during optogenetic stimulation“. Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 67, Nr. 1 (Januar 2021): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20216701034.
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In the central nervous system of mammals, there are specialized areas in which neurogenesis — neurogenic niches — is observed in the postnatal period. It is believed that astrocytes in the composition of neurogenic niches play a significant role in the regulation of neurogenesis, and therefore they are considered as a promising “target” for the possible control of neurogenesis, including the use of optogenetics. In the framework of this work, we formed an in vitro model of a neurogenic niche, consisting of cerebral endothelial cells, astrocytes and neurospheres. Astrocytes in the neurogenic niche model expressed canalorodopsin ChR2 and underwent photoactivation. The effect of photoactivated astrocytes on the expression profile of neurogenic niche cells was evaluated using immunocytochemical analysis methods. It was found that intact astrocytes in the composition of the neurogenic niche contribute to neuronal differentiation of stem cells, as well as the activation of astroglia expressing photosensitive proteins, changes the expression of molecules characterized by intercellular interactions of pools of resting and proliferating cells in the composition of the neurogenic niche with the participation of NAD+ (Cx43, CD38, CD157), lactate (MCT1). In particular, the registered changes reflect a violation of the paracrine intercellular interactions of two subpopulations of cells, one of which acts as a source of NAD+, and the second as a consumer of NAD+ to ensure the processes of intracellular signal transduction; a change in the mechanisms of lactate transport due to aberrant expression of the lactate transporter MCT1 in cells forming a pool of cells developing along the neuronal path of differentiation. In general, with photostimulation of niche astrocytes, the total proliferative activity increases mainly due to neural progenitor cells, but not neural stem cells. Thus, optogenetic activation of astrocytes can become a promising tool for controlling the activity of neurogenesis processes and the formation of a local proneurogenic microenvironment in an in vitro model of a neurogenic niche.
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Doherty, Cathal. „Residual verb second in Early Irish“. Diachronica 17, Nr. 1 (31.12.2000): 5–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.17.1.03doh.
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SUMMARY This paper seeks to establish that Early Irish is a ‘residual Verb Second (V2)’ language: i.e. one in which the V2 pattern is no longer general, but in which residues of an earlier V2 stage remain. The central argument is that the exceptional word order known as ‘Bergin’s construction’ (Bergin 1938), attested only in archaic registers, reduces straightforwardly to the V2 pattern. Based on this observation, it is argued that V2 was general in Irish, at a stage which predates the Old Irish record. In support of this, other possible V2 residues are identified in Early Irish, e.g. the interrogative system, and ‘noun-initial’ sentences brought to light by Mac Cana 1973. This proposal, if correct, has broad consequences for the diachronic syntax of Irish, primarily that Verb-initial order did not develop directly from Indo-European Verb-final order, but was mediated by another (V2) stage. RÉSUMÉ Cet article cherche à établir le fait que l’Ancien irlandais est une langue à verbe second (V2) restant, c’est-à-dire une langue dans laquelle le schéma V2 n’est plus général, mais où il subsiste des traces d’un V2 plus ancien. L’argument central est que l’ordre de mots exceptionnel, connu sous le nom de ‘Bergin’s construction’ (Bergin 1938) et seulement attesté dans les registres archaïques, réduit sans détour au schéma V2. Partant de cette observation, il est dit que V2 était un trait général de la langue irlandaise à un moment qui précède le Vieil irlandais. Pour soutenir cela, d’autres traces possibles de V2 ont été identifiées en Ancien irlandais, par exemple, le système interrogatif, les phrases avec ‘nom-initial’. Celles-ci ont été mises en lumière par Mac Cana 1973. Si cette proposition est correcte, elle aurait de larges conséquences pour la syntaxe diachronique de l’irlandais, tout d’abord celle de montrer que l’ordre en V-initial n’a pas été directement formé de l’ordre V-final indo-européen, mais qu’une autre étape en V2 s’est interposée entre les deux. ZUSSAMENFASSUNG Dieses Papier versucht, herzustellen, daß Alt-Mittelirische eine Sprache ‘residual Verb Second (V2)’ sind: d.h., ein in dem die Wortsellung V2 nicht mehr produktiv ist, aber, in welchen Überresten eines frühere Wortstellung V2 bleiben. Das zentrale Argument ist, daß der unregelmässiger Satztypus, das als ‘Berginskonstruktion’ bekannt ist (Bergin 1938) und bezeugt nur in den archaischen Registern, ist eines Beispeil für V2. Gegründet auf dieser Beobachtung, wird es argumentiert, daß Irische an einem Stadium V2 allgemein war, bevor die ältesten Irischen speichern. Zur Unterstützung dieses werden andere mögliche Überreste V2 auf Alt-Mittelirischen, z.B. das fragende System und der Satztypus mit vorangestellten Nominalphrasen, die zum Licht von Mac Cana 1973 geholt werden gekennzeichnet. Dieser Antrag, wenn korrekt, hat ausgedehnte Konsequenzen für die historische Syntax von Irische, hauptsächlich, daß die Verbanfangswortstellung nicht direkt von die indogermanische Verbausgangswortstellung entwickelte, aber wurde durch ein anderes Stadium (V2) vermittelt.
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Barab, Sasha A., Barbara K. Redman und Robin D. Froman. „Measurement Characteristics of the Levels of Institutionalization Scales: Examining Reliability and Validity“. Journal of Nursing Measurement 6, Nr. 1 (Januar 1998): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.6.1.19.
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The Level of Institutionalization (Loin) scales were developed to assess the extent to which a health promotion program has become integrated into a health care organization. The instrument was designed specifically to measure the amount of routinization and niche saturation of four subsystems (production, maintenance, supportive, and managerial) believed to make up an organization. In this study, the Loin scales were completed for diabetes programs in 102 general hospitals and 30 home health agencies in Maryland and Pennsylvania. Reliability estimates across the four subsystems for routines (α = .61) and for niche saturation (α = .44) were substandard. Average correlation among the four subsystems for routines was .67, and among the four subsystems for niche saturation was .38, indicating moderate to large amounts of shared variance among subsystems and challenging claims of discriminant validity. Given these large correlations and a poor fit when testing the eight-factor model, higher-order confirmatory factor analyses were carried out. Results supported the existence of two second-order factors. When collapsed into two factors, the reliabilities were adequate (routines α= .90; niche saturation α = .80). Criterion-related validity also was found between length of program existence and the routine factor.
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Boienko, Olena, und Оleksii Susidenko. „MARKET NICHE AS A METHOD OF BRAND PROMOTION“. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, Nr. 1 (22.03.2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-1-15-20.
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The purpose of the paper is to prove that market niche is one of the methods of brand promotion. Methodology. To do research, we need to use theoretical and empirical methods. Analysing the Interbrand Ranking, we used methods of comparison, concretization, and generalization. Brand value trend was studied using the method of graphics modelling. To study the definition of “market niche,” there were used methods of comparison, generalization, and synthesis thanks to that we defined the special features of this concept. Results. The brand is a relatively new concept, which was developed in the second part of the 20th century. According to the results of this ranking in 2016, the most successful brands were Apple, Google, and Coca-Cola. These brands have the long history and their own experience of doing business in the scale of the global market. One reason for their success is the right selection of a market niche. It was defined that the market niche might be characterized by the next features: highly individual needs and requirements for satisfying which it is necessary to have a range of complement goods and services; stable market potential; weak competitors. There were interviewed several chief-executives of big Ukrainian companies and analysed the most successful and profitable market niches for today. These are: Internet resources: big data; online courses; delivery service; wearable gadget; 3D-printing; robots; fuel cells and batteries; commercial property in regions; smart materials; auto components; health care; recycling; alternative energetics; space; escort of elderly people; franchising business; agriculture; geological prospecting and green projects. Practical implementations. We defined that the brand needs to make six main steps for entering the new market. Firstly, it is necessary to define own niche. Next step is to analyse how external factors influence the brand, which operates in the chosen niche. After this business should analyse opportunities of the brand in this niche, later it is necessary to carry out a SWOT analysis of brand operating in this niche and make the prognosis of the brand operation in this niche and finally prepare the rating of chosen market niches. Value/originality. The results of made investigation might be used by entrepreneurs who are going to set up business because according to the suggested analysis we can see the most profitable niches for coming 10 years.
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Wilts, Henning, Marina Fecke und Christine Zeher. „Economics of Waste Prevention: Second-Hand Products in Germany“. Economies 9, Nr. 2 (12.05.2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies9020074.
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Reuse is still seen as a “niche phenomenon” and consumers seem to waste economic opportunities linked to buying and selling second-hand products. For this reason, this paper focuses on incentives and barriers to sell and buy second-hand products, as indicated in the literature, and applies a theoretical framework of transaction costs to explain the existing consumption patterns. For this paper, a representative online survey was conducted in which 1023 consumers in Germany participated, age 16 and older. The data were analyzed for statistically significant deviations between different groups of economic actors selling or buying second-hand products. Results show that valuable unused products exist in households, but barriers such as uncertainties about the reliability of the buyer or the quality of the product hinder the transition into sustainable consumption. Different forms of transaction costs are important explanatory variables to explain why consumers nevertheless predominantly buy new products, although they are aware that second-hand would save money and make an individual contribution to climate protection.
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Musile Tanzi, Paola, Elena Aruanno und Mattia Suardi. „A European banking business models analysis: the investment services case“. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 26, Nr. 1 (12.02.2018): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-04-2016-0028.
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Purpose Business Model Analysis is acquiring increasing visibility in the European banking regulatory framework, following the European Banking Authority guidelines on common procedures and methodologies for the supervisory review and evaluation process (SREP), developed to assess business and strategic risks (EBA, 2014, 2015a, 2015b, 2015c). Starting from a selected literature review, in the paper, the authors analyse business models set up by financial intermediaries, bank and non-banks, for the distribution of investment services, first by comparing European niche players with European banking global players, and second, comparing European niche players among themselves to understand the evolution of business models for the distribution of investment services at European level. The research is supported by the Baffi–Carefin Research Centre at the Bocconi University (Italy), in collaboration with ANASF, the Italian Association of Financial Advisors (Italy). Design/methodology/approach The authors consider a sample of European financial players from 2009 to 2014. The authors’ focus is on France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain and the UK; overall the authors’ handmade data set is based on 162 annual reports. The authors follow two main questions: Do the niche players, as they are focused on the distribution of investment services, have an upper limit to profitability, compared to the global players, as risk-takers in many financial areas? How is the business model of niche players changing, facing increasing competition and regulatory pressures? Findings Answering the first research question, the highest net profitability is found in the niche players group; the global players, as risk-takers, achieve lower remuneration, in contrast with the risk premium theory. The results were assessed over a limited period, however, deemed in line with the company’s strategic planning horizon. Answering the second research question, the authors focus on the case of niche players, using a cluster analysis. The authors identify three different business models: most dynamic niche players, which combine investment services, insurance and welfare services, achieving the highest margins and stability; players mainly focused on asset management, whose key vulnerability is the degree of open architecture, especially in light of future MiFID 2 implementation; and players mainly focused on the creation of well-structured on-line platforms, which offer also brokerage services, thereby reducing their marginality and potentially increasing their business risk. Research limitations/implications Despite the limited time series, the authors’ research gives some inputs for those interested in deepening the business model analysis focus on the distribution of investment services and the business and strategic risk assessment, both for the global banks and the niche players (banks and non-banks). Practical implications The authors’ results could be of some interest during the strategic assessment of global banks and niche players, both adopting an internal perspective or an external one, as regulator. Social implications By giving some specific insights into the assessment and comparison of business and strategic risks among global and niche players, the authors’ research provides the basis for further research in the field of the distribution of investment services. Originality/value The originality mainly regards the business model risk perspective and the focus of the authors’ analysis: the distribution of investment services. This sector, unlike the asset management, does not have an easily recognisable group of comparables at European level, all the European countries analysed have very different business models. This research avails of an original database, that is unique to Europe.