Dissertationen: „New materials and construction technologies“

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Kasim, Narimah B. „Improving materials management on construction projects“. Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8028.

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An essential factor adversely affecting the performance of construction projects is the improper handling of materials during site activities. Materials management is made problematic by materials shortages, delays in supply, price fluctuations, damage and wastage, and lack of storages pace. In addition, paper-based reports are mostly used to record and exchange information related to the materials component within a supply chain which is problematic, error-prone, and inefficient. Generally, modem technologies are not being adequately used to overcome human error and are not well integrated with project management systems to make the tracking and management of materials easier and faster. Thus, this research focuses on the development of a mechanism to improve materials management on construction projects through the integration of materials tracking and resource modelling systems. A multi-facetted research approach was adopted. Initially, a literature review on materials management process in the construction project was conducted. This was followed by case studies involving six construction projects in order to investigate current practice in materials management to establish key problem areas and elements of good practice. The case studies also explored the requirements for integrating materials management and resource modelling in project management systems. The case study findings underpinned by literature results were used to develop a real-time framework for integrating RFID-based materials tracking and resource modelling. The framework was encapsulated in a computer-based prototype system based on Microsoft Visual Basic. NET. The prototype system was developed by amalgamation of all the software and hardware chosen such as MS Access (database system), MS Project (resource modelling) and RFID (automated materials tracking) to provide the mechanisms for integrating materials management and resource modelling in the construction industry. Evaluation of the prototype system was carried out by a series of interviews with industry practitioners to assess its appropriateness and functionality. It also established the skills and other requirements for the effective use of the real-time materials tracking system. The evaluation established that the prototype system demonstrated many benefits and is suitable for use in materials tracking and inventory management processes. It is concluded that the prototype system developed can improve materials management on construction projects, particularly with regard to materials tracking and integrating materials utilisation with the resource modelling subsystem in project management applications. Adoption of the approaches suggested in the thesis will enable the construction industry to improve the real-time management of materials on sites, and hence improve project performance.

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Al, khasawneh Mohammad. „Evaluation of Novel Construction Technologies and Materials for Roadway Unpaved Shoulders“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1595848023340553.

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Spurná, Martina. „Low-Energy and Passive Buildings Economics of New Technologies“. Thesis, KTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-35054.

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The thesis is concerned with the theme of energy savings in the Building industry. It describes passive house development in detail with a focus on the construction part of buildings with low energy consumption. At first, there is an overview of the actual situation concerning the new European Union’s restrictions and a basic classification of energy efficient buildings is introduced. Further, construction compositions in two energy standards are designed for a few selected construction systems suitable for a passive house. They are evaluated from different points of view and compared to each other. Finally, an estimate of the passive house value is given as well as return of extra investments with regards to energy price increase. Key words The thesis is concerned with the theme of energy savings in the Building industry. It describes passive house development in detail with a focus on the construction part of buildings with low energy consumption. At first, there is an overview of the actual situation concerning the new European Union’s restrictions and a basic classification of energy efficient buildings is introduced. Further, construction compositions in two energy standards are designed for a few selected construction systems suitable for a passive house. They are evaluated from different points of view and compared to each other. Finally, an estimate of the passive house value is given as well as return of extra investments with regards to energy price increase. Key words The thesis is concerned with the theme of energy savings in the Building industry. It describes passive house development in detail with a focus on the construction part of buildings with low energy consumption. At first, there is an overview of the actual situation concerning the new European Union’s restrictions and a basic classification of energy efficient buildings is introduced. Further, construction compositions in two energy standards are designed for a few selected construction systems suitable for a passive house. They are evaluated from different points of view and compared to each other. Finally, an estimate of the passive house value is given as well as return of extra investments with regards to energy price increase.

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Poh, Choon Wei. „Investigation of new materials and methods of construction of personnel armor“. Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Dec/08Dec%5FPoh.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Combat Systems Sciences and Technology)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008.
Thesis Advisor(s): Hixson, Robert S. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 29, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77). Also available in print.

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Zafiropoulos, Nicholas A. Lin Wenbin. „Development of new materials for applications in liquid crystal technologies and biofuel production“. Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1523.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Chemistry." Discipline: Chemistry; Department/School: Chemistry.

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LIMA, GIAN CABRAL DE. „THE CONSTRUCTION OF NEW PERSPECTIVES AND PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES: AN ANALYSIS OF COLLABORATIVE LEARNING CENTER PROJECT“. PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=27756@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
O presente estudo buscou cartografar novas tecnologias pedagógicas implantadas no Colégio Estadual Professora Alcina Rodrigues de Lima, da rede Estadual de ensino do município de Niterói. O processo de investigação se deu por meio de observação participante, construção de um diário de campo e entrevistas. O objetivo do trabalho consistiu em uma análise do projeto implementado na instituição, pelos professores, denominado Núcleo de Aprendizagem Colaborativa (NAC). Apesar de condições de trabalho adversas constadas pelo estudo os professores encontraram novas formas de exercer suas atividades de maneira coletiva e inventiva, potencializando suas práticas.
The present study aimed at mapping new pedagogical technologies implemented in the State College Professor Alcina Rodrigues de Lima, part of the State Educational System in the City of Niterói. The investigation process occurred by participant observation, construction of a field diary and interviews. The objective consisted in a project analysis implemented in the institution, by the teachers called Collaborative Learning Center (NAC). Despite adverse working conditions identified the study teachers have found new ways to exercise their activities in a collective and inventive way, increasing their practices.

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Tsui, Yuen-kee, und 崔婉琪. „New biodegradable polyhydroxyacids and polyurethane scaffolds for tissue engineering“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30595757.

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Housdan, Joshua James Keith. „Weaving Architecture: An Exploration of Old and New Materials and Construction Methods in Washington, D.C“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30953.

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This is an architectural thesis on weaving. The city is a massive textile, a patchwork of buildings, infrastructure and people. We alter the urban environment within the confines established by lot lines, streets and zoning similar to the weft on a loom, conforming to the rules of the warp. The proposed design aims to incorporate the demands of a globalized world while retaining the identity and scale of the traditional Washington building type - the rowhouse. The architectural project, located near Fourteenth and U Streets, Northwest, in Washington, DC is a hybrid of programs - a textile school, a gallery and bar for the Textile Museum, artist studios, a restaurant, leaseable space for offices and residences as well as a public garden. This complex design reflects the evolving nature of cities and a building's ability to adapt to new demands and technology; similar to the ancient art of weaving's ability to transcend centuries of evolution while retaining its inherent qualities.
Master of Architecture

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Demircioǧlu, Ayşe Merve. „Socio-cultural construction of infertility in Turkey : the reasons for the increasing use of new reproductive technologies“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608907.

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Tang, Shiu-wai. „Reproduction has never been natural the social construction of reproduction in the age of new reproductive technologies /“. Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22331888.

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South, Andrew J. „Unintended Social and Economic Consequences Resulting from the Implementation of New Construction Technologies in the Developing World“. BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2807.

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One of the key components of international development is to provide adequate shelter for citizens of developing countries. This is often accomplished by governmental, non- governmental, and private organizations that seek to lower the cost, increase the quality, and expand the availability of safe, sustainable housing through the use of innovative technologies. These new technologies can affect the social and/or economic structure within communities. This paper is a case study resulting from the construction of a seventy-one-home village, including infrastructure, near Yogyakarta, Indonesia by a foreign, aid-based non-governmental organization (NGO). The village was relocated less than two kilometers from its original site after a massive landslide, triggered by the 2006 earthquakes of Central Java, virtually destroyed the entire community. Four years after construction the researcher took an inductive inquiry approach through interviews with residents of the community and residents of neighboring communities to understand the social and economic impacts. The research project explored the unintended consequences to the community resulting from the NGO's use of innovative housing technologies (steel reinforced concrete domes and planned community development) without a thorough understanding of underlying community culture and interactions.

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Hamilton-MacLaren, Fiona. „Alternative, more sustainable, wall construction techniques than brick and block, for new housing in England and Wales“. Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12375.

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There is a need to reduce the emissions of the country as a whole, to limit the risk of climate change due to Global warming and to meet targets set by the Kyoto agreement and the Climate Change Act. The large number of houses constructed annually in England and Wales have an important role to play in this. By reducing emissions, resulting from both the manufacture of construction materials and the energy used by house occupants, housing can help achieve the necessary emissions reductions. Alternative construction methods can contribute to this, either by having a lower embodied energy or by demonstrating good thermal properties to limit heat loss and hence operational energy. However, it is essential that both the construction industry and the public accept the alternative construction methods for them to be economically viable. In addition, there should be no loss of performance as a result of using alternative construction methods. Six methods of construction were studied in depth, including generating embodied and operational energy requirements and identifying their performance in terms of airtightness, wall thickness, and fire resistance. Public and industry acceptability were examined by use of questionnaires. A comparison of the data collected showed that identifying the best, or optimal, option visually is a challenging task as no single method of construction is best in all areas. A methodology was created to aid the selection of a wall construction method. The methodology is capable of examining multiple variables, in this work it is demonstrated with construction method and front building dimension. To identify the optimal method, optimisation by genetic algorithms is used. Use of the methodology was demonstrated with a case study based on the most frequently constructed housing type for England and Wales. The importance of weighting was demonstrated with the use of weightings based on concerns held by different parties. It was found that minimising the external wall area gives the optimal solution as less material is needed and there is less opportunity for heat loss. For the situation examined in the case study, Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs) were identified as having the potential to reduce the environmental impact of housing construction in England and Wales without impacting saleability or performance.

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Wanamakok, Phuwanai. „Designing Operations of Geocomposite Membrane Installation in Flexible Pavements“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36040.

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Due to technological innovations new materials are introduced to the construction industry from time to time and need to be installed properly by contractors. Based on their past experience, the contractors have some ideas on how to carry out the operation. However, those ideas are just a good starting point. In order to attain an efficient and productive operation, many issues need to be considered and clarified. To design a new construction operation, the designer needs to completely understand the processes, consider all relevant issues, and review all governing criteria. Achieving practical and productive operations for new technologies requires careful and thorough planning. Simulation modeling can be a very effective technique to design construction operations for new technologies. Simulation modeling allows experimenting with many of the factors involved in the operations prior to initial construction. Early construction sequencing can allow testing of many alternatives without expensive installations.

Geosynthetics are currently being incorporated in flexible pavement systems to improve their performance. However, geosynthetics must be used in the correct application and installed properly in order to produce good results. One of the newly developed geosynthetics is geocomposite membrane that thought to provide strain energy absorption and a moisture barrier. This research discusses the application of discrete-event simulation (DES) to design and analyze the installation of geocomposite membranes in flexible pavements. Data collected from two test sections at the Virginia Smart Road in Blacksburg, Virginia was used for modeling and analysis. STROBOSCOPE, a programming language designed for modeling complex operations, was used as the simulation engine. The process used in the development of simulation models is discussed. A number of installation alternatives were studied and simulated to examine their practicality and to investigate their productivity, resource utilization, and unit cost.

Master of Science

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Legault, Réjean. „L'appareil de l'architecture moderne : new materials and architectural modernity in France, 1889-1934“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10774.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture and Planning, 1997.
Includes bibliographical references (v. 3, leaves 470-517).
This dissertation is an historical inquiry into the role played by new building materials in the formation of architectural modernism in France. It proceeds on the theoretical assumption that a "material" is not a technical given -- a securely defined entity in the physical and linguistic senses -- but an architectural construct whose "inherent properties" are a matter of interpretation. It suggests that within a specific architectural culture, the conceptions and uses of a material are defined by concerns that are not only constructional but involve architectural doctrines, building practices, aesthetic projects, and cultural strategies. Since the publication of Sigfried Giedion's Bauen in Frankreich. Bauen in Eisen. Bauen in Eisenbeton (1928), reinforced concrete has been commonly accepted as the common denominator of French modernism. The dissertation questions this interpretive assumption, focusing on the changing conceptions of the material as an index of transformations in French architecture and architectural culture. It covers a period that spans from the Universal Exhibition of 1889 to the early 1930s, a period which saw the development of reinforced concrete in French architecture, from its emergence within architectural discourses to its inscription within early modernist historiography. Through a close examination of contemporary books and periodicals, unpublished sources, and graphic documents, the dissertation explores the theories and works that framed the critical relationship of new material to French modernism. Inaugurated with the late nineteenth-century demise of metal as the leading material in architectural theory, the preeminence of reinforced concrete in French architecture was marked by the dispersion of rationalist tenets into competing architectural programs. The First World War was a pivotal event in this process. Of principal importance were the positions of Auguste Perret and Le Corbusier. While Perret insisted on continuity with prewar practices, emphasizing the role of craft production, Le Corbusier embraced the rupture brought about by the societe machinique, shifting towards the idea of industrialized construction. These positions were key to the technical and aesthetic definition of the modem house, from the function of the concrete frame to the nature of external revetments. They also led the way to the cultural and ideological debates that ensued on the nationality of the material and the sources of modem architecture. In the late 1920s the return of metal merely underscored the "rhetoric of materials" in the definition of French modernism.
by Réjean Legault.
Ph.D.

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Karlsson, Louise. „A product-oriented Product Service System for tracing materials on autonomous construction sites : A product development for today’s and future construction sites“. Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-16039.

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The global population is growing, and more people than before are moving to cities. This creates a need for increased building efficiency and possibility to work in remote environments. On today’s construction sites, there is a need to able to organize the site in a better way. In the future, autonomous vehicles will instead find it difficult to localize materials on a construction site. The autonomous vehicles can localize themselves with cameras and sensors, but they do not know how to localize the materials and items. This report is based on a project where Volvo Construction Equipment acted as a customer and the project was performed by students from Blekinge Institute of Technology and Stanford University. The prompt for this project was “From elephants to ants – from Earth to Mars” and would later be interpreted as finding a solution for the future that will be able to function without human’s intervention. From this project, this report was created. The following research questions for this report were: • How can workers locate building materials on today’s construction sites? • How will autonomous vehicles be able to locate material without human assistance in future construction sites? To solve these problems a design-process started, using an engineering design method. This method was chosen because of the type of problem. In engineering, the problem is identified to create a solution to the problem, comparing to when studying science, a question should be answered. The outcome from this report is a Product Service System (PSS) for a tracking system and a device for materials on today’s and future construction sites. When this solution was created no economic aspects were considered. Also, the focus of this report is the first steps of going from today’s construction sites to the future construction sites where autonomous vehicles will be used. The result from this research shows that the same problem of organizing a construction site is a pattern that can be seen in the majority of the sites that were visited during field works. Also, the workers today have little trust in the autonomous vehicles which is a result of lacking information and communication within companies. Furthermore, to be able to move to an autonomous future the mindset and attitude has to be changed. The collected data was analysed, and the outcome was a tracing system that will enable, both humans and machines, to localize materials on today’s and future construction sites. With this solution, today’s workers can track their materials wherever it is placed, without any need of changing the site. The autonomous vehicles will be able to use the tags to localize materials when there are no humans around.
Den globala befolkningen växer och fler flyttar till städerna än tidigare. Detta skapar ett behov av ökad effektivitet i byggbranschen och möjlighet till arbete i avlägsna miljöer. På dagens byggarbetsplatser är det nödvändigt att kunna organisera platsen på ett bättre sätt. I framtiden kommer de autonoma fordonen få det svårare att lokalisera material på en byggarbetsplats. De autonoma fordonen kan lokalisera sig med kameror och sensorer, men de vet inte hur man lokaliserar material och föremål. Rapporten bygger på ett projekt där kunden var Volvo Construction Equipment och projektet utfördes av studenter från Blekinge Tekniska Högskola och Stanford University. Prompten för projektet löd "Från elefanter till myror - från jorden till mars" och som senare tolkades till att finna en lösning för framtiden som kommer att kunna fungera utan mänsklig påverkan. Från detta projekt skapades denna rapport. Följande forskningsfrågor skulle besvaras: • Hur kan arbetare lokalisera byggmaterial på dagens byggarbetsplatser? • Hur kommer autonoma fordon kunna lokalisera material utan mänsklig hjälp på de framtida byggarbetsplatserna? För att lösa dessa problem startades en designprocess, med vald ingenjörsmetod. Denna metod valdes på grund av typen av problem. I ingenjörsmetoden identifieras problemet för att skapa en lösning till problemet, jämfört men en vetenskaplig metod, där en fråga besvaras. Resultatet från denna rapport är ett produkttjänstesystem (PSS) för ett spårningssystem för att kunna spåra material på dagens och framtida byggarbetsplatser. När denna lösning skapades togs det ingen hänsyn till de ekonomiska aspekterna. Fokus på denna rapport är de första stegen för att gå från dagens byggarbetsplatser mot de framtida byggplatserna där autonomiska fordon kommer att användas. Resultatet av forskningen visade att det finns ett stort behov av att organisera de olika byggarbetsplatserna som besöktes under studiebesöken. Arbetarna har idag ett litet förtroende för de autonoma fordonen som är ett resultat av bristande information och kommunikation inom företagen. För att kunna gå till en autonom framtid måste tankesätt och attityd ändras. Den samlade data analyserades och resultatet var ett spårningssystem som gör det möjligt för både människor och maskiner att lokalisera material på dagens och framtida byggarbetsplatser. Med denna lösning kan dagens arbetare enkelt spåra materialet, utan att behöva omstrukturera arbetsplatsen. De autonoma fordonen kommer kunna använda spårningssystem för att kunna lokalisera material när det inte finns några människor till hands.

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Brauer, Gerhard. „Construction and use of an intense positron source at new linac facilities in Germany (- conceptual report -)“. Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-29936.

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In this conceptual report the idea to establish an European Positron Source for Applied Research ("EPOS") based on new LINAC facilities in Germany (ELBE/Rossendorf or TTF-DESY/Hamburg) is considered. The report contains not only the outline of obvious applications in atomic physics, materials science and surface physics, but also several new methodical developments which are only possible with an intense positron beam. This opportunity will also allow the use and further development of imaging techniques being of special interest for industrial applications.

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Brauer, Gerhard. „Construction and use of an intense positron source at new linac facilities in Germany (- conceptual report -)“. Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, 2000. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21820.

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In this conceptual report the idea to establish an European Positron Source for Applied Research ("EPOS") based on new LINAC facilities in Germany (ELBE/Rossendorf or TTF-DESY/Hamburg) is considered. The report contains not only the outline of obvious applications in atomic physics, materials science and surface physics, but also several new methodical developments which are only possible with an intense positron beam. This opportunity will also allow the use and further development of imaging techniques being of special interest for industrial applications.

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Wang, Ye. „Using information and communication technology to facilitate supply chain management in the New Zealand construction industry a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business, 2007“. Click here to access this resource online, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/74.

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Rokas, Narkevicius. „Establishing and increasing the credibility of a start-up company in construction industry : A case study of Ltd. “Mana ranga”“. Thesis, KTH, Industriell Marknadsföring och Entreprenörskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209938.

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This research aims to explore the importance of new company’s (startup’s) credibility in construction industry while research questions tries to identify essential aspects and processes which affects the startup credibility in construction industry. Further, rigorous analysis of literature review is done. In order to understand and apply various theories and concepts as source and corporate credibility theories, relationship marketing, etc. It is qualitative research and a case study. The case company – Ltd. “Mana ranga” is a new construction company situated in Lithuania. Moreover, its current situation is presented. Furthermore, the interviews were conducted in order to achieve the objective of the study, thus 22 participants completed the interviews. Further, in analysis section findings from literature and empirical data are put together, and main results are provided. It comprises key aspects that are affecting startup’s credibility, as well as processes, in order to look how the credibility of a company can be increased are identified. Finishing with answers to the research questions and suggesting future work.

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Lennartsson, Erika, und Eleonor Johansson. „IMPLEMENTERING AV BIM VID MATERIALDOKUMENTATION : EN GRANSKNING AV MILJÖCERTIFIERINGS UTVECKLING“. Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik och belysningsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36576.

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Purpose: The study relies upon the development of green buildings due to an increased level of acknowledgement of environmental impacts, caused by the building industry. Building materials are one big factor that have a negative impact on the environment. Building Information Modeling (BIM) are constantly being developed in the construction industry because of unlimited technology. The purpose of this study is to see a digitalization of documentation of materials by using BIM, and what consequences this meets regarding coordination. Method: The study used three qualitative methods: literature study, interviews and document analysis. The literature study is based on current research on the subject. An analysis consisting of documents including requirements from three green building certification systems has been done to present how they differentiate. The interviews complete the work with a practical point of view. It presents the work towards green buildings and on what level BIM may be included in the building industry. Respondents are people working with environmental questions, construction management and experts within the field of BIM. Findings: Green building certifications in Sweden are developing to be much more alike, because they are starting to relay on the same kind of requirements. This means there are not many differences when using one or several types of green building certification systems. The combination leads to effects of synergies. The results from Aspö Eko-logi shows that its time consuming and cost inefficient since documentation is required. BIM is established in the construction business, but not with regards to material documentation. Several issues regarding coordination could be solved through BIM. Research on BIM connected with green building certification has been studied on an international level, regarding LEED. This study shows how this could be adapted with Swedish environmental certification systems and also proves that the technology exists. The study presents benefits from using BIM with regards to coordination. Implications: Implications of the study shows that more than one environmental certification system on a project does not have big difference on the documentation of materials. The study creates awareness within the building industry regarding the potential of BIM and its implementation on environmental certification. A BIM-based method could cause benefits such as efficiency, improved coordination, more clarity and digital documentation. Limitations: The study examines a project, which is one of the first in Sweden that uses more than one green building certification system. The report does also only examine LEED, Miljöbyggnad and Svanen. The study has produced a possible BIMbased method regarding material documentation, which partly is based on interviews with persons in the construction process of a project. This will affect all the involved professions throughout the building project, none of which has been interviewed in this study. This makes the result not applicable to other professions. However, they will still be applicable to similar companies and projects within construction manufacturing.
Syfte: Studien granskar utvecklingen gällande miljöcertifiering av byggnader. Detta beror på allt större medvetenhet kring byggindustrins miljöpåverkan. Byggmaterial är en av byggindustrins största faktorer till miljöpåverkan. Tillika rusar Building Information Modeling (BIM) med framfart inom byggbranschen på grund av teknologins utveckling de senaste åren. Syftet med rapporten är att studera hur materialdokumentation vid miljöcertifiering kan kopplas till BIM och vilka konsekvenser som det leder till i byggprocessen. Arbetet behandlar till stor del samordning vid materialdokumentation, med och utan BIM. Metod: Undersökningen har genomförts med tre kvalitativa metoder; litteraturstudier, intervjuer och dokumentanalys. Genom litteraturstudier har information kring aktuell forskning tagits fram. Dokumentanalysen informerar om skillnaderna mellan olika miljöcertifieringssystem. Intervjuerna bidrar med hur arbetet fungerar i praktiken utan BIM och hur aktuellt BIM är gällande materialdokumentation. Respondenter var personer inom miljösamordning, produktion samt experter inom BIM. Resultat: Miljöcertifieringar i Sverige utvecklas mot att bli allt mer lika varandra, eftersom de ställer allt mer lika krav. Det betyder att skillnaden mellan att använda fler certifieringar jämfört med att bara använda ett, inte blir stor. Kombinationen leder till synergieffekter. Det riskerar att orsaka extra kostnader på grund av att mer tid och resurser läggs på att dokumentera fler miljöcertifieringssystem, baserat på ett referensprojekt. BIM har etablerats i byggbranschen men inte när det gäller materialdokumentation. Flera problem angående samordning hade lösts med hjälp av BIM. Internationell forskning visar att kopplingen mellan BIM och materialdokumentation är aktuell. Denna studie visar på hur kopplingen kan anpassas till svenska miljöcertifieringssystem. Studien visar fördelarna med BIM när det gäller samordning. Konsekvenser: Denna studie visar att användningen av fler än ett miljöcertifieringssystem inte har någon större påverkan på materialdokumentation. Det skapar medvetenhet hos aktörer i byggbranschen gällande potentialen som finns med koppling mellan BIM och miljöcertifiering. En BIM-baserad arbetsmetod hade medfört fördelar som effektivitet, förbättrad samordning, ökad tydlighet och digital dokumentation. Begränsningar: Studien undersöker ett projekt, som är bland det första i Sverige, att använda fler än ett miljöcertifieringssystem. Endast miljöcertifieringssystemen Miljöbyggnad, Svanen och LEED har granskats som grund till rapporten. Studien presenterar en möjlig BIM-baserad arbetsgång vid miljöcertifiering baserat på intervjuer med personer som har kopplingar till produktionen. Detta skulle beröra hela byggprocessen, men projektörer, förvaltare och beställare har inte intervjuats i denna studie. Detta gör att resultatet inte är applicerbart på dessa arbetsgrupper. Denna studie kommer däremot kunna vara applicerbar på liknande entreprenadföretag samt projekt med liknande rutiner.

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Alassaf, Abir. „Construction d’une offre de services pour le public universitaire en Syrie- Une approche managériale“. Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20074/document.

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Aujourd’hui, les bibliothèques universitaires (BU) en Syrie sont confrontées à une évolution de leur environnement liée en grande partie à la mutation de l’enseignement supérieur et l’arrivée de nouvelles technologies. Ainsi, les BU se trouvent dans l’obligation de s’interroger sur la pertinence de leurs offres de services. En effet, les besoins et les attentes des universitaires ne sont plus les mêmes qu’auparavant. Ces bibliothèques doivent, par conséquent, suivre cette évolution et répondre à leurs nouveaux besoins pour pouvoir survivre dans un contexte où elles ne sont plus la seule source d’information. L’objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à la réflexion sur l’adéquation entre l’offre et les besoins. Pour y parvenir, des enquêtes quantitative et qualitative ont été menées auprès d’étudiants, d’enseignants, de dirigeants et de bibliothécaires dans cinq universités syriennes. Cette enquête a été réalisée dans le but de connaître la situation actuelle des BU et des besoins informationnels de leurs publics. Nous avons, ensuite, élargi et diversifié la gamme de services proposés aux universitaires tout en partant de leurs besoins tant exprimés qu’implicites
Today, in Syria, university libraries are facing an actual change in their environment. This change is largely due to the evolution of higher education and the advent of new technologies. In this context, university libraries have to question the relevance of their services. Indeed, information needs have evolved and are no longer the same as before hence libraries need to adapt to evolution by meeting new needs in a context where they are no longer the only source of information. This thesis aims at contributing to reflection on adequacy between supply and service needs. To achieve this goal, a quantitative and a qualitative survey was conducted among students, professors, managers and librarians in Syria to have a clear understanding of the current situation of university libraries and information needs of their publics. We then expanded and diversified the group of services and provided the academics with the basis of their stated and implied needs

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Lundkvist, Grönberg Amanda. „Materialinventering av byggnader inför rivning“. Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-64256.

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Tay, Yi Yang. „New technologies and applications in energy-absorbing cellular materials, airbag pre-deployment, injury prediction to out-of position occupants, and estimation of driver fatality ratio, for enhancing passive safety of road vehicles in side-impact accidents“. Thesis, Wichita State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/10985.

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The automotive industry is repeatedly tasked with improving vehicles structural strength, optimizing active and passive safety features, reducing occupant injury potential, and hitting lean manufacturing goals. The challenge is to find solutions to reduce production and research costs, and to maximize the vehicle's capability in protecting its occupants in the event of an accident. The influence of impact loading on the dynamic responses of vehicle structures and occupants require special consideration in the field of vehicle crashworthiness. The main goal of this study is to address the fundamental aspect on the impact injury biomechanics of vehicle occupants and safety performance of vehicle structures, and the development of various new technologies aimed at enhancing the passive safety of road vehicles in side-impact accidents. Four case studies related to the dissipation of crash energy, impact injury biomechanics, injury prediction model and pre-crash sensing algorithm form the basis of this thesis. The application examples include the investigation of pre-deploying airbags as a potential solution in reducing occupants' injuries at higher speed side-impact crashes; examination of the vehicle structural responses with the inclusion of high-energy absorbing cellular materials within the door panels in side-impact accidents; development of injury prediction model to out-of-position occupants from frontal- and side- airbags using Design-of-Experiment methodologies; and the estimation of the relative driver fatality risks of two colliding vehicles using some quantitative measurements. A detailed methodology is developed for each application, and the results present several new technologies that can be implemented to enhance the safety performance of road vehicles. These goals are achieved through the use of finite element approaches, multi-body dynamic analyses and Design-of-Experiment statistical methods.
Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

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Robert, Andersson, und Rasmus Becke. „Assessment of energy renovation with new design solution of a single-familyhouse in southern Sweden“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105319.

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To reach the EU directives and Sweden ́s energy- and climate goals, there is a needto implement new innovative- and technical solutions in each sector. The Swedishgovernment predicts that the buildings sectors energy demand could be reduced byrenovating the existing building stock. The research examines the opportunities to implement indoor design solutionsassociated with an energy renovation measure of an existing single-family house inSweden. The research will cover a broader picture of the concept's feasibility-, addedvalues, and financial cost and benefits. This will be done within the requirements ofthe current building regulations on altering an existing building in Sweden 2021. The research outcome showed that implementing the design solution concept willconstitute a financial benefit on energy renovation measure ́s payback time. Theresult showed that one of the suggested design concepts with the energy renovationmeasures would have a payback time of 8.5 years. Besides, implementing the designsolution concept predicts several beneficial added values, e.g., environment, buildingdesign and society.

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Minkala-Ntadi, Pierre. „Appropriation professionnelle des technologies de l'information et de la communication en contexte de dépendance politique : la spécificité de la co-construction de l'information de presse au Congo-Brazzaville (1963-2012)“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00946901.

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Le discours de promotion des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) s'est traduit, entre autres, par une approche technocentriste du développement de la presse, faisant de l'usage de ces dispositifs techniques la norme universelle de tout progrès, dans ce secteur d'activité. Assisterait-on, aujourd'hui, à un nivellement des pratiques journalistiques, dans toutes les sociétés humaines, où les TIC auraient été introduites dans les activités de la presse ? Refusant de nous enfermer dans le carcan diffusionniste des techniques, nous avons orienté notre étude sur l'analyse de la relation entre la presse et ses publics, en la circonscrivant dans les procès de collecte et de traitement de l'information, au niveau de la presse congolaise. L'analyse révèle une inconciliabilité de perspectives, entre la promotion des TIC et le développement d'une presse évoluant dans un contexte de dépendance politique, où le champ de l'action politique se présente comme l'unique instance de construction sociale du sens. Ce contexte a induit un procès de médiatisation exclusive, consistant en la couverture quasi exclusive des opinions relevant de l'élite politique au pouvoir. Le déploiement de ce procès cristallise ainsi l'appropriation professionnelle des TIC autour des logiques sociales de la communication, où la construction de l'information de presse se conçoit comme une simple opération de valorisation de la parole de l'élite politique. Dès lors, la presse congolaise, évoluant dans un tel contexte, paraît encore inapte à toute forme d'innovation économique et professionnelle significative, que l'usage des TIC est censé accompagner. Ce constat contraste avec ce que l'on observe au niveau d'une presse française, par exemple, évoluant dans un contexte sociopolitique libéral, où les TIC accompagnent déjà des innovations organisationnelles et des pratiques journalistiques, qui se traduisent par la mobilisation des stratégies de coopétition, entre les médias dits " traditionnels " et les " nouveaux " acteurs de l'information et de la communication.

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Fransson, Mattias, und Mattias Jamtlien. „Slöseri i produktionsflödet: Analys av en platsgjuten betongvägg“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-79152.

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Höga byggkostnader och betydande bostadsbrist i Sverige visar att ett effektivare bostadsbyggande krävs. En reducering av slöseri i byggprocessen bidrar till en effektivisering av både tid och kostnad. För att öka förståelsen för vikten av effektivisering synliggör den här studien slöseri i produktionsflödet för en platsgjuten betongvägg i ett bostadsprojekt. Studien visar även var i produktionsflödet det finns förbättringsmöjligheter. Slöseriet synliggjordes genom en tidsstudie som visade på stor potential till förbättring i bostadsprojektets resursflöde, materialflöde och informationsflöde. Mycket tyder på att dessa brister i produktionsflödet beror på allt för kort byggtid, vilket leder till att en fullgod planering inte alltid utförs.
High construction costs and considerable housing shortages in Sweden show that a more efficient housing construction is required. A reduction of waste in the construction process contributes to the efficiency of both time and cost. In order to increase the understanding of the importance of efficiency, this study reveals waste in the production flow of a cast in-situ concrete wall in a housing project. The study also shows where in the production flow there are improvement opportunities. The waste was made visible through a time study which showed great potential for improvement in the housing project resource flow, material flow and information flow. There are many indications that these shortcomings in the production flow are due to a too short construction time, which means that a good planning is not always carried out.

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Malé, Alemany Marta. „El potencial de la fabricación aditiva en la arquitectura : hacia un nuevo paradigma para el diseño y la construcción“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/387812.

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Como lo hicieron el PC e Internet en materia de información y comunicación, la Fabricación Aditiva (FA) está revolucionando los procesos de diseño y fabricación, abriendo un nuevo paradigma de producción que genera cambios e innovaciones relevantes en muchos ámbitos. Su impacto actual en otros sectores sugiere que la FA tiene igual potencial para transformar los procesos productivos de la arquitectura y de la construcción. Por ello, la autora se pregunta qué tipo de cambios puede generar y si ello supondrá un cambio de paradigma productivo igualmente disruptivo en estos dos campos. Para responder a ambas cuestiones, la presente tesis ofrece una valoración crítica del potencial de la FA aplicada a la arquitectura, analizando su impacto sobre los procesos de diseño y construcción. La primera parte incluye un estudio transversal de varios sectores de actividad, que permite constatar cómo esta tecnología está generando transformaciones radicales, con implicaciones globales de carácter social, económico y ambiental. En la segunda parte, se analiza la adaptación de la FA a los condicionantes propios de la arquitectura. Para ello, se presentan las iniciativas pioneras en su aplicación a gran escala y los proyectos dirigidos por la autora en el marco académico, que investigan qué procesos son necesarios para implementar esta tecnología desde y hacia el proyecto arquitectónico. Estos trabajos de investigación y experimentación multidisciplinar combinan la búsqueda de nuevos materiales, la creación de herramientas a medida y la programación de códigos de diseño específicos. Por último, se ofrece una síntesis de los resultados que sirve de base para valorar los avances recientes en la aplicación de la FA en la arquitectura, a escala mundial. En conjunto, la tesis demuestra que la investigación en este campo está en plena ebullición y que las aplicaciones de la FA van a generar cambios muy importantes, que suponen el inicio de un nuevo paradigma para el diseño arquitectónico y la construcción.
As did the PC and the Internet for the information and communication realms, Additive Manufacturing (FA) is revolutionizing the design and manufacturing processes, opening up a new production paradigm that generates significant changes and innovations in many areas. Its current impact on other sectors suggests that AM has the same potential to transform the production processes of architecture and construction. The author thus wonders what kind of changes can it generate and whether they will imply a productive paradigm shift that is equally disruptive in these two fields. To answer both questions, this thesis offers a critical assessment of the potential of AM applied to architecture, analyzing its impact on the design and construction processes. The first part includes a cross-sectional study of several activity sectors, which allows seeing how this technology is generating radical transformations, with social, economic and environmental implications at a global scale. The second part analyses the adaptation of AM to the specific conditions of architecture. The thesis presents the pioneering initiatives of its application at largescale, and the projects directed by the author in the academic context, which investigate what processes are necessary to implement this technology to and from the architectural project. These experimental and multidisciplinary works combine the research of new materials, the creation of custom devices and the programming of specific design codes. The synthesis of the results is later used as a reference to identify and assess the current progress in implementing AM technologies in architecture, worldwide. Altogether, the thesis demonstrates that research in this field is currently in full swing. Moreover, the most recent applications also indicate that AM is on track to generate significant changes, which represents the beginning of a new paradigm for architectural design and construction.

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Fenollosa, Artés Felip. „Contribució a l'estudi de la impressió 3D per a la fabricació de models per facilitar l'assaig d'operacions quirúrgiques de tumors“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667421.

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La present tesi doctoral s’ha centrat en el repte d’aconseguir, mitjançant Fabricació Additiva (FA), models per a assaig quirúrgic, sota la premissa que els equips per fer-los haurien de ser accessibles a l’àmbit hospitalari. L’objectiu és facilitar l’extensió de l’ús dels prototips com a eina de preparació d’operacions quirúrgiques, transformant la pràctica mèdica actual de la mateixa manera que en el seu moment ho van fer tecnologies com les que van facilitar l’ús de radiografies. El motiu d’utilitzar FA, en lloc de tecnologies més tradicionals, és la seva capacitat de materialitzar de forma directa les dades digitals obtingudes de l’anatomia del pacient mitjançant sistemes d’escanejat tridimensional, fent possible l’obtenció de models personalitzats. Els resultats es centren en la generació de nou coneixement sobre com aconseguir equipaments d’impressió 3D multimaterials accessibles que permetin l’obtenció de models mimètics respecte als teixits vius. Per facilitar aquesta buscada extensió de la tecnologia, s’ha focalitzat en les tecnologies de codi obert com la Fabricació per Filament Fos (FFF) i similars basades en líquids catalitzables. La recerca s’alinea dins l’activitat de desenvolupament de la FA al CIM UPC, i en aquest àmbit concret amb la col·laboració amb l’Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD). El primer bloc de la tesi inclou la descripció de l’estat de l’art, detallant les tecnologies existents i la seva aplicació a l’entorn mèdic. S’han establert per primer cop unes bases de caracterització dels teixits vius -sobretot tous- per donar suport a la selecció de materials que els puguin mimetitzar en un procés de FA, a efectes de millorar l’experiència d’assaig dels cirurgians. El caràcter rígid dels materials majoritàriament usats en impressió 3D els fa poc útils per simular tumors i altres referències anatòmiques. De forma successiva, es tracten paràmetres com la densitat, la viscoelasticitat, la caracterització dels materials tous a la indústria, l’estudi del mòdul elàstic de teixits tous i vasos, la duresa d’aquests, i requeriments com l’esterilització dels models. El segon bloc comença explorant la impressió 3D mitjançant FFF. Es classifiquen les variants del procés des del punt de vista de la multimaterialitat, essencial per fer models d’assaig quirúrgic, diferenciant entre solucions multibroquet i de barreja al capçal. S’ha inclòs l’estudi de materials (filaments i líquids) que serien més útils per mimetitzar teixits tous. Es constata com en els líquids, en comparació amb els filaments, la complexitat del treball en processos de FA és més elevada, i es determinen formes d’imprimir materials molt tous. Per acabar, s’exposen sis casos reals de col·laboració amb l’HJSD, una selecció d’aquells en els que el doctorand ha intervingut en els darrers anys. L’origen es troba en la dificultat de l’abordatge d’operacions de resecció de tumors infantils com el neuroblastoma, i a la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel. Finalment, el Bloc 3 té per objecte explorar nombrosos conceptes (fins a 8), activitat completada al llarg dels darrers cinc anys amb el suport dels mitjans del CIM UPC i de l’activitat associada a treballs finals d’estudis d’estudiants de la UPC, arribant-se a materialitzar equipaments experimentals per validar-los. La recerca ampla i sistemàtica al respecte fa que s’estigui més a prop de disposar d’una solució d’impressió 3D multimaterial de sobretaula. Es determina que la millor via de progrés és la de disposar d’una pluralitat de capçals independents a fi de capacitar la impressora 3D per integrar diversos conceptes estudiats, materialitzant-se una possible solució. Cloent la tesi, es planteja com seria un equipament d’impressió 3D per a models d’assaig quirúrgic, a fi de servir de base per a futurs desenvolupaments.
La presente tesis doctoral se ha centrado en el reto de conseguir, mediante Fabricación Aditiva (FA), modelos para ensayo quirúrgico, bajo la premisa que los equipos para obtenerlos tendrían que ser accesibles al ámbito hospitalario. El objetivo es facilitar la extensión del uso de modelos como herramienta de preparación de operaciones quirúrgicas, transformando la práctica médica actual de la misma manera que, en su momento, lo hicieron tecnologías como las que facilitaron el uso de radiografías. El motivo de utilizar FA, en lugar de tecnologías más tradicionales, es su capacidad de materializar de forma directa los datos digitales obtenidos de la anatomía del paciente mediante sistemas de escaneado tridimensional, haciendo posible la obtención de modelos personalizados. Los resultados se centran en la generación de nuevo conocimiento para conseguir equipamientos de impresión 3D multimateriales accesibles que permitan la obtención de modelos miméticos respecto a los tejidos vivos. Para facilitar la buscada extensión de la tecnología, se ha focalizado en las tecnologías de código abierto como la Fabricación por Hilo Fundido (FFF) y similares basadas en líquidos catalizables. Esta investigación se alinea dentro de la actividad de desarrollo de la FA en el CIM UPC, y en este ámbito concreto con la colaboración con el Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD). El primer bloque de la tesis incluye la descripción del estado del arte, detallando las tecnologías existentes y su aplicación al entorno médico. Se han establecido por primera vez unas bases de caracterización de los tejidos vivos – principalmente blandos – para dar apoyo a la selección de materiales que los puedan mimetizar en un proceso de FA, a efectos de mejorar la experiencia de ensayo de los cirujanos. El carácter rígido de los materiales mayoritariamente usados en impresión 3D los hace poco útiles para simular tumores y otras referencias anatómicas. De forma sucesiva, se tratan parámetros como la densidad, la viscoelasticidad, la caracterización de materiales blandos en la industria, el estudio del módulo elástico de tejidos blandos y vasos, la dureza de los mismos, y requerimientos como la esterilización de los modelos. El segundo bloque empieza explorando la impresión 3D mediante FFF. Se clasifican las variantes del proceso desde el punto de vista de la multimaterialidad, esencial para hacer modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, diferenciando entre soluciones multiboquilla y de mezcla en el cabezal. Se ha incluido el estudio de materiales (filamentos y líquidos) que serían más útiles para mimetizar tejidos blandos. Se constata como en los líquidos, en comparación con los filamentos, la complejidad del trabajo en procesos de FA es más elevada, y se determinan formas de imprimir materiales muy blandos. Para acabar, se exponen seis casos reales de colaboración con el HJSD, una selección de aquellos en los que el doctorando ha intervenido en los últimos años. El origen se encuentra en la dificultad del abordaje de operaciones de resección de tumores infantiles como el neuroblastoma, y en la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel. Finalmente, el Bloque 3 desarrolla numerosos conceptos (hasta 8), actividad completada a lo largo de los últimos cinco años con el apoyo de los medios del CIM UPC y de la actividad asociada a trabajos finales de estudios de estudiantes de la UPC, llegándose a materializar equipamientos experimentales para validarlos. La investigación amplia y sistemática al respecto hace que se esté más cerca de disponer de una solución de impresión 3D multimaterial de sobremesa. Se determina que la mejor vía de progreso es la de disponer de una pluralidad de cabezales independientes, a fin de capacitar la impresora 3D para integrar diversos conceptos estudiados, materializándose una posible solución. Para cerrar la tesis, se plantea cómo sería un equipamiento de impresión 3D para modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, a fin de servir de base para futuros desarrollos.

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García, Córdoba Miguel. „Ornamentación arquitectónica: del racionalismo al art Nouveau. Concreción en la arquitectura cartagenera del eclecticismo y el modernismo“. Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10882.

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La evolución de los planteamientos arquitectónicos tras el Barroco derivó, tras un complejo periodo de análisis, en una nueva arquitectura apoyada en unos condicionantes absolutamente nuevos. Criterios revisionistas, historicistas, técnicos o simplemente apoyados en la intencionalidad estética o expresiva dieron lugar a un nuevo estilo de difícil y, desde luego, amplia definición. A finales del XIX, también como respuesta a un largo periodo de indefinición y dogmatismos, surge el Art Nouveau.La ciudad de Cartagena presenta algunas notables singularidades en este último periodo que la hacen especialmente interesante en el campo de la ornamentación y estética arquitectónica. Sus condiciones económicas, geográficas y la personalidad de algunos de los arquitectos afincados, determinaron el desarrollo de un eclecticismo y modernismo singulares que acabaron por fundirse, generando a partir de los primeros años del siglo XX, un panorama estético digno de análisis.
The evolution of architectural approaches after the Baroque period resulted, after a complex period of analysis, in a new architecture supported by some entirely new constrains. Revisionism, historicist, technical or simply based on a aesthetic or expressive intentions criteria led to a new kind of style which was difficult to define. In the late nineteenth century, partly in response to a long period of uncertainty and dogmatism, emerged the Art Nouveau.In this period, the city of Cartagena presents some remarkable peculiarities which makes especially interesting in the field of aesthetic and architectural ornamentation. Its economic and geographic conditions, together with the personality of some of the architects settled, determined the development of a unique eclecticism and modernism that eventually merged, resulting, from the early twentieth century, in an aesthetic landscape worthy of analysis.

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Khadivjam, Tinasadat. „Modular construction of new porous hydrogen-bonded molecular materials“. Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24153.

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Au cours des dernières décennies, la conception de complexes moléculaires ayant une organisation et des propriétés prévisibles n’était pas possible. Bien qu’il soit possible de calculer efficacement les propriétés de molécules individuelles, leur comportement collectif demeure imprévisible. Récemment, nous avons assisté au développement d’une nouvelle stratégie intitulée « construction modulaire » permettant de produire des matériaux bien définis et ordonnés dotés de nouvelles propriétés. Cette stratégie utilise des sous-unités moléculaires aptes à réaliser des interactions non-covalentes telles que des ponts hydrogène afin de maintenir des modules voisins à des positions programmables. Puisque les ponts hydrogène sont très forts et directionnels, un objectif important consiste à concevoir des sous-unités moléculaires aptes à réaliser un grand nombre de ponts hydrogène. Les molécules incorporant multiples groupements 4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazinyles (DAT) sont un exemple de ce type de composés. Nos travaux sont focalisés sur l’introduction d’unités N(DAT)2, qui offrent la possibilité de faire des réseaux ordonnés maintenus ensemble par un nombre encore plus grand de ponts hydrogène par molécule. Nous décrivons les structures et les propriétés de matériaux cristallins de ce type, dans lesquels un nombre croissant de ponts hydrogène donne lieu à la formation de réseaux robustes et hautement poreux.
During the past few decades, designing molecular complexes with predetermined properties and predictable architectures was not possible. Although, it is possible to calculate the properties of individual molecules with confidence, the behavior of molecular assemblies remains unpredictable. Recently there has been a development of a strategy called “modular construction,” which can lead to producing well-defined and ordered materials with novel properties. This strategy uses molecular subunits that engage in non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonds to hold the neighboring modules in programmable positions. Since hydrogen bonds show high strength and directionality, an important objective is to devise molecular subunits that can take part in a large number of hydrogen bonds. Examples are compounds that incorporate multiple 4.6-diamino-1,3,5-triazinyl (DAT) groups. Our work has focused on introducing N(DAT)2 units, which offer the possibility of making ordered networks held together by even larger number of hydrogen bonds per molecule. We describe the structures and properties of crystalline materials of this type, in which increasing the number of hydrogen bonds gives rise to the formation of robust networks with high levels of porosity.

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Costa, Isabel Maria Noronha de Resende Horta e. „New insights on performance assessment and improvement in the construction industry“. Doctoral thesis, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/126786.

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Ruiz, Juan Jesús Ayas. „Contribution on new developments of composites materials manufactured by infusion process for their implementation in civil works“. Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10884/1430.

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There are still many unknowns regarding the behavior of composite materials in the long term and in-service conditions; in particular those related to their behavior to cyclic loads, with the loss of resistance they experience over time and with their fire protection. Composite materials result from the combination of two or more materials which, when used separately, they may not present adequate properties to be used as construction materials but, when they are well combined resulting in a material which maintain an identifiable interface surface, they constitute a new material that symbiotically merges the best properties of the original materials. The composite materials studied in this work are constituted by two phases called fiber reinforcement and thermoset matrix. The fiber reinforcement is responsible for the mechanical performance material, providing most of its strength and stiffness. The polymeric of thermoset matrix acts as the glue of the composite material, guaranteeing the load transfer between the fibers and also between the applied loads and the composite itself. In addition to the resin, the polymeric resin often incorporates fillers and additives that may reduce production costs, improve the manufacturing process itself and improve specific properties of the final product. A clear example of it widely used in construction is the incorporation of alumina trihydrate to enhance the fireproof properties of the composite. Today a large number of fibers and polymeric matrices presenting different characteristics are commercially available. The judicious combination of the constituent’s materials has enabled the development of a wide range of products that have been used in very different structural applications, featuring several advantages when compared with traditional materials. A general overview of the potential materials having potential uses and applications in construction will be recorded in this work to discuss the general advantages and limitations over traditional materials such as wood, steel and concrete. Unlike other materials, the manufacturing processes used to produce composites will determine their final mechanical properties because among other aspects will determine the ratio fiber to resin as well as the polymerization degree of the polymeric resin. In this way, one of the most used and potential manufacturing processes used in construction is the so-called vacuum-assisted resin transfer moulding (VARTM). One of the distinct advantages of VARTM processes is the ability to build very large parts on relatively inexpensive tooling, aspects which are of high interest in construction. In this thesis work, analysis will be focused in VARTM technology discussing their implementation for to structural components of high interest in construction. The first component is a closed structure with a monolithic laminate combination of glass and carbon fibers. As model of closed structure, a tub was been selected. The second selected component is a structural slab with a sandwich glass composite. VARTM process will be optimized in terms of cost to produce a 1:1 scale prototype. The properties of individual laminates will be tested to model and calculate using finite element theory the properties of the all laminate and the properties of the scale components in terms strength and stiffness. This study will be developed taking into account the technical code of construction as well as the main international guidelines and regulations for the application of composites in construction. Some remarks about the construction products regulation and the CE marking will be also included. It is clear that composite offer numerous advantages over conventional structural systems in the form of higher specific stiffness and strengths but, its advantages is also lower life-cycle costs with additional benefits, such as easier installation and improved safety. For that, due its importance, the environmental impact and live cycle evaluation of the composite materials will be discussed. _____________________________________________________________________________________ Ainda há muitas incógnitas sobre o comportamento de materiais compósitos a longo prazo e em condições de serviço; em particular, aqueles relacionados ao seu comportamento às cargas cíclicas, com a perda de resistência que experimentam ao longo do tempo e com a sua proteção contra incêndio. Os materiais compósitos resultam da combinação de dois ou mais materiais que, quando usados separadamente, podem não apresentar propriedades adequadas para serem usados como materiais de construção, mas quando combinados resultam em um material que mantém uma superfície de interface identificável. material que mescla simbioticamente as melhores propriedades dos materiais originais. Os materiais compósitos estudados neste trabalho são constituídos por duas fases denominadas de reforço de fibra e matriz termoendurecível. O reforço de fibra é responsável pelo material de desempenho mecânico, fornecendo a maior parte de sua resistência e rigidez. A matriz polimérica de termofixa atua como cola do material compósito, garantindo a transferência de carga entre as fibras e também entre as cargas aplicadas e o próprio compósito. Além da resina, a resina polimérica geralmente incorpora cargas e aditivos que podem reduzir os custos de produção, melhorar o processo de fabricação e melhorar as propriedades específicas do produto final. Um exemplo claro disso amplamente utilizado na construção é a incorporação de tri-hidrato de alumina para melhorar as propriedades à prova de fogo do compósito. Atualmente, um grande número de fibras e matrizes poliméricas apresentando características diferentes estão comercialmente disponíveis. A combinação criteriosa dos materiais constituintes permitiu o desenvolvimento de uma ampla gama de produtos que foram utilizados em aplicações estruturais muito diferentes, apresentando várias vantagens quando comparados com materiais tradicionais. Uma visão geral dos materiais potenciais com potenciais usos e aplicações em construção será registrada neste trabalho para discutir as vantagens e limitações gerais sobre materiais tradicionais como madeira, aço e concreto. Ao contrário de outros materiais, os processos de fabricação usados para produzir compósitos determinarão suas propriedades mecânicas finais, porque entre outros aspectos, será determinada a relação fibra / resina, bem como o grau de polimerização da resina polimérica. Deste modo, um dos processos de fabrico mais utilizados e potenciais utilizados na construção é o denominado mouldador de transferência de resina assistida por vácuo (VARTM). Uma das vantagens distintas dos processos VARTM é a capacidade de construir peças muito grandes em ferramentas relativamente baratas, aspectos que são de grande interesse na construção. Neste trabalho de tese, a análise será focada na tecnologia VARTM discutindo sua implementação para componentes estruturais de alto interesse em construção. O primeiro componente é uma estrutura fechada com uma combinação de laminado monolítico de fibra de vidro e carbono. Como modelo de estrutura fechada foi selecionada uma banheira. O segundo componente selecionado é uma laje estrutural com um composto de vidro tipo sanduíche. O processo VARTM será otimizado em termos de custo para produzir um protótipo de escala 1: 1. As propriedades dos laminados individuais serão testadas para modelar e calcular usando a teoria dos elementos finitos as propriedades de todo o laminado e as propriedades dos componentes da escala em termos de resistência e rigidez. Este estudo será desenvolvido tendo em conta o código técnico de construção, bem como as principais diretrizes e regulamentos internacionais para a aplicação de compósitos em construção. Algumas observações sobre o regulamento de produtos de construção e a marcação CE também serão incluídas. É claro que o composto oferece inúmeras vantagens sobre os sistemas estruturais convencionais na forma de rigidez e resistência específicas mais altas, mas suas vantagens também são menores custos de ciclo de vida com benefícios adicionais, como instalação mais fácil e segurança aprimorada. Para isso, devido à sua importância, o impacto ambiental e a avaliação do ciclo vivo dos materiais compósitos serão discutidos.

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Alfateh, Muhammad, und Yasir Ali Khan. „The effects of client’s requirements on construction innovation : A case study of the new Ångström Laboratory construction project“. Thesis, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-398343.

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It has often been noted that the construction sector is quite inefficient in producing innovation especially when compared with other industries (Winch,2003). Moreover, innovation is becoming more and more a key competence in competitive environment of construction. Clients were found to play a pivotal role of clients in promoting construction innovation. However, how clients contribute to innovation is less investigated. Also, the construction project consists of a network of actors who interact with each other on different levels.These interactions affect and shape the requirements of the clients which then influence the innovation process of the construction project. It is important to take into account the several aspects of these interactions into consideration (Havenvid et al., 2016).The aim of this study is to investigate the role of clients in driving construction innovation by studying how their requirements may generate change within the project network. The second question aims to capture the different project actors’ views and perspective on construction innovation. This is done by conducting a case study on the construction project of the New Ångström Laboratory; an academic building of Uppsala University in Sweden. The data were collected following a qualitative approach. The results were analysed using ARA model (Actors, Activities and resources) framework.The study concludes that partnering can lead to an increase in productivity and efficiency of carrying out construction project work. The study also found that clients requirements can trigger innovation in a construction project. Another finding is that process innovation may generate greater effects on the actor's network than product innovations and suggest focusing on process innovation to accelerate the overall innovation process.

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Shin, Chin-Ping, und 史進平. „The factors affect the construction of concepts and technologies in the new ptoduct development of SME“. Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47874433322043051255.

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Pedrosa, Paulo Eduardo Teixeira Batista. „Conductive thin film-coated flexible polymers: a new materials approach for designing biomedical electrodes“. Tese, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/78166.

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Pedrosa, Paulo Eduardo Teixeira Batista. „Conductive thin film-coated flexible polymers: a new materials approach for designing biomedical electrodes“. Doctoral thesis, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/78166.

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„Synthesis of Hybrid (III-V)y(IV)5-2y Semiconductors: A New Approach to Extending the Optoelectronic Capabilities of Si and Ge Technologies“. Doctoral diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.44221.

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abstract: Modern semiconductor technologies have been dominated by group-IV materials and III-V analogues. The development of hybrid derivatives combining appropriate members of these systems has been of interest for the purpose of extending the optoelectronic capabilities of the state-of-the-art. Early work on pseudo-binary (III-V)-IV alloys, described with the general formula (III-V)1-x(IV2)x, showed limited progress due to phase segregation, auto-doping and compositional inhomogeneities. Recently, new techniques were introduced for synthesizing new classes of (III-V)-IV hybrid materials using reactions of V(IVH3)3 molecules [V = N, P, As and IV = Si, Ge] with group-III elements (B, Al, Ga, In). The reactions produce (III-V)-IV3 building blocks that interlink to form diamond-like frameworks in which the III-V pairs incorporate as isolated units within the group-IV lattice. This approach not only precludes phase segregation, but also provides access to structures and compositions unattainable by conventional means. Entire new families of crystalline (III-V)-IV3 and (III-V)y(IV)5-y alloys with tunable IV-rich compositions, different from conventional (III-V)1-x(IV2)x systems, have been grown on Si(100) and GaP(100) wafers as well as Si1-xGex and Ge buffer layers which, in most cases, provide lattice matched templates for Si integration. In this work, materials in the In-P-Ge, Ga-As-Ge and Ga-P-Si systems that would exhibit direct-gap behavior were targeted. A series of (InP)yGe5-2y alloys with tunable Ge contents above 60% were synthesized by reactions of P(GeH3)3 and indium atoms and were studied for bonding, structure, and optical response. (GaAs)yGe5-2y analogues were also grown and exhibited strong photoluminescence for applications in mid-IR photonics. The GaPSi3 alloy and Si-rich derivatives were produced via reactions of P(SiH3)3 and [H2GaNMe2]2 and exhibit enhanced absorption in the visible range. Quaternary analogues in the Al1-xBxPSi3 system were grown on Si via reactions of Al(BH4)3 and P(SiH3)3 leading to the formation crystalline materials with extended absorption relative to Si. This makes them imminently suitable for applications in Si-based photovoltaics. The work emphasized use of quantum-chemical simulations to elucidate structural, thermodynamic, and mechanical properties of the synthesized systems. The theory also included simulations of new synthetic targets such as BNC3, BNSi3, BPC3, and BPSi3 with interesting mechanical properties and strong covalent bonding.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Chemistry 2017

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Su, Yu. „Numerical simulation of strengthened unreinforced masonry (URM) walls by new retrofitting technologies for blast loading“. 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/51217.

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Terrorism has become a serious threat in the world, with bomb attacks carried out both inside and outside buildings. There are already many unreinforced masonry buildings in existence, and some of them are historical buildings. However, they do not perform well under blast loading. Aiming on protecting masonry buildings, retrofitting techniques were developed. Some experimental work on studying the effect of retrofitted URM walls has been done in recent years; however, these tests usually cost a significant amount of time and funds. Because of this, numerical simulation has become a good alternative, and can be used to study the behaviour of masonry structures, and predict the outcomes of experimental tests. This project was carried out to find efficient retrofitting technique under blast loading by developing numerical material models. It was based on experimental research of strengthening URM walls by using retrofitting technologies under out-of-plane loading at the University of Adelaide. The numerical models can be applied to study large-scaled structures under static loading, and the research work is then extended to the field of blast loading. Aiming on deriving efficient material models, homogenization technology was introduced to this research. Fifty cases of numerical analysis on masonry basic cell were conducted to derive equivalent orthotropic material properties. To study the increasing capability in strength and ductility of retrofitted URM walls, pull-tests were simulated using interface element model to investigate the bond-slip relationship of FRP plates bonded to masonry blocks. The interface element model was then used to simulate performance of retrofitted URM walls under static loads. The accuracy of the numerical results was verified by comparing with the experimental results from previous tests at the University of Adelaide by Griffith et al. (2007) on unreinforced masonry walls and by Yang (2007) on FRP retrofitted masonry walls. To study the de-bonding behaviours of retrofits bonded to masonry, and find appropriate solution to protect certain masonry walls against blast loading, various retrofitting technologies were examined. The simulation covers explosive impacts of a wide range of impulses. Based on this work, pressure-impulse diagrams for different types of retrofitted URM walls were developed as a design guideline for estimating the blast effect on retrofitted masonry walls. The outcomes of this research will contribute to the development of numerical simulation on modelling retrofitted URM walls, improving the technique for explosion-resistant of masonry buildings, and providing a type of guideline for blast-resistant design.
http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1349719
Thesis (M.Eng.Sc.) - University of Adelaide, School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, 2009

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Yu-JenChen und 陳宥任. „A Laboratory Measurement of Gas Permeability Coefficients of In-Situ Rocks and Gas-Proof Materials for New Wushanling Tunnel Construction“. Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p4w4as.

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Shiu, Yi-Lung, und 許益隆. „The Vary Technologies And Study On Construction Optical Distribution Network And Old Building To Achieve Fiber To The Home –New Technology Proposed“. Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/963t58.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
電腦與通訊研究所
99
In an effort to improve the nations competitiveness, the Executive Yuan plans to promote Digital Convergence policies, requesting domestic fixed network companies to invest in the construction of Fiber To The Home (FTTH), starting from the year 2010. The construction is estimated to last five years, and the goal aims to provide optical fiber coverage for over 80 percents of households nationwide, each with a bandwidth of over 100Mbps, by the year 2015. Therefore, starting from year 2011, domestic telecom and cable TV companies have eagerly started investing in construction of FTTH in order to prepare for the new age of Digital Convergence. For the Last Mile Access Network system to construct FTTH, there are three important factors to consider. First, it must permit high capacity; second, it should be low cost; third, it should be easy to construct. The need for high capacity can be met by utilizing the structure of Passive Optical Network (PON). However, the demand for lower cost is harder to fulfill due to the varying locations of Optical Splitter posing different costs for construction. In this Thesis, the discussion focuses on the difference in cost for constructing Optical Splitter in different locations such as the Telecommunications Equipment Room (TER), Main Distribution Box, Handhole Fiber Optic Junction Box, or the Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH). The findings show that by constructing the Optical Splitter in the TER, the cost can be reduced the most. In the current pipelines, there are still many twisted pair copper cables designed for Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) and Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). Because it is not possible to have the current twisted pair cables removed and the new fiber optic cables installed at the same time, we suggest that by using outdoor fabric innerduct, it will be possible to utilize the current pipelines more effectively, allowing the construction to become easier; as it avoids excavating roads for construction, the cost is further reduced. When setting up fiber optic cables in old buildings, the fact that old pipelines and cable boxes house cables from different companies will present a major problem. To solve this problem, it is suggested that a new method of using a combination of indoor fabric innerduct and micro-bundle fiber optic cables will facilitate the construction in older buildings, and as a result allows FTTH construction to be completed more quickly.

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Carvalho, Ricardo Alexandre Fogaça de. „Materiais emergentes na arquitetura“. Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/11225.

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A procura de novas técnicas de construção sempre existiu na Arquitetura como resultado de investigações e posteriores progressos da emergência dos materiais. Desde muito cedo que, com o avanço tecnológico, o Homem descobrira, na Natureza, diversos materiais, todavia, atualmente, já é possível fazê-los. Os materiais emergentes derivam de nanotecnologias que permitem alcançar materiais com propriedades que tradicionalmente não detinham e responder a necessidades e desafios particulares, como problemas de higroscopicidade e/ou de eficiência energética. Neste trabalho são abordados múltiplos materiais emergentes, que foram agrupados pelas suas diversas propriedades específicas e consequentes aplicações na Arquitetura. Propõem-se determinados casos de estudo, não edificados, para se percecionar a possível inserção de novos materiais na Arquitetura, tal como se versam questões de custos e de sustentabilidade. Conclui-se que esta inserção dos materiais emergentes é possível e que esta mudará o modo, físico e mental de fazer arquitetura; no entanto, estes ainda têm um mercado que se foca na sua pouca produção.
The demand for new construction techniques has always existed in architecture as a result of investigations and subsequent developments deriving from the emergence of new materials. From very early on, with technological advances, the man discovered various materials, however, nowadays it is possible to make them. Derived from nanotechnologies, these materials have new untraditional properties and are able to answer the particular needs and challenges that arise, such as hygroscopicity and / or energy efficiency problems. In this paper several multiple emerging materials were addressed, which were grouped by their specific properties and subsequent applications in architecture. In order to study the possible insertion of new materials in architecture, addressing both issues of cost and sustainability, it is proposed a number of case studies, unbuilt. It was concluded that this insertion of emerging materials is possible and will change the physical and psychological way of doing architecture, however, their market still focuses mainly on a small production scale

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Silva, Nuno António do Sacramento Penacho Pereira da. „A construção robótica em Arquitetura“. Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/15037.

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Este trabalho pretende explorar as hipóteses que a tecnologia robótica pode trazer para a indústria da construção. Tendo em conta o uso de elementos robóticos em outras indústrias como a naval, a automóvel e a de componentes informáticos questiona-se aqui como estas tecnologias poderiam ser utilizadas para a indústria da construção e o que mudaria nesta. O trabalho inicia-se por uma alusão a outras indústrias e em como a tecnologia robótica veio alterar o método de produção e os produtos por ela produzidos. Seguidamente tecemos algumas considerações sobre os braço robóticos e sua utilização na Indústria assim como a utilização de drones para fins militares e civis. De modo a extrapolar o impacto destas tecnologias se usadas na construção de edifícios, estudaram-se também algumas técnicas de Fabricação Digital que,nos permitiram observar as alterações que a introdução da tecnologia operou na arquitetura e na construção. Apresentam-se ainda os casos de estudo atuais onde se utilizaram a construção com drones e com braços robóticos. De modo a compreender por um lado as vantagens e por outro a complexidade envolvida no processo de construção que se propõe desenvolveram- se a nível conceptual três experiências, nomeadamente a construção de uma torre com tijolos, de uma parede vertical simples, e de uma parede com uma geometria complexa. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi de vital importância os testemunhos diretos, através de entrevistas, a alguns dos protagonistas mais relevantes a nível mundial nesta área, os arquitectos Fabio Gramazio e Tobias Bonwetsch da ETH Zurique e o arquiteto José Pedro Sousa da FAUP.
This piece is meant to explore the hipothesis of what robotics can bring to the construction industry. Having in mind the usage of robotic elements in other industries such as the naval, cars and of informatic components, the question of how could these technologies be applied to the construction industry, and what it would change, arises. This piece starts itself by alluding to other industries and how it has altered the production method and the products by it produced. Futhermore, a few considerations will be pondered on the robotic arms and its uses in the industry as much as the utilization of drones for military and civil purposes. In order to extrapolate the impact of these technologies if used in the construction of buildings, a few other techniques have been studied in the Digital Making that allowed us to observe the alterations that the introduction of this technology fathered in architecture and construction. A few present study cases where these techniques (robotic arms and drones) are applied, are also presented. In order to comprehend the advantages and complexity involved in the process of building that it is meant to serve, three experiments at conceptual level were developed, mainly the construction of a brick tower, a simple vertical wall, and another with a very intricate and complex geometry. In order to fulfill the development of this work, it was of extreme importance the direct testimonies that were gathered through interviews to a few of the world level protagonists in this area, the architects Fabio Gramazio and Tobias Bonwetsch of ETH Zurique, and the architect José Pedro Sousa from FAUP.

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