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1
Barkin, Solomon. „Trade-Unions in an Age of Pluralism and Structural Change : The Response to the Irrepressible Demands of the Common Man“. Relations industrielles 26, Nr. 4 (12.04.2005): 801–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/028266ar.
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Reviewing the industrial unrest of the last three years in Western Europe and the United States, the author describes and analyses the new trends in the trade-union movement to cope with such a new situation.
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Ryzova, Lucie. „New Asymmetries in the New Authoritarianism: Research in Egypt in the Age of Post-Revolution“. International Journal of Middle East Studies 49, Nr. 3 (26.07.2017): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002074381700037x.
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Egypt was at the center of a wave of uprisings and revolutions that swept the region between 2011 and 2013, the common denominator of which was demands for a radical democratic alternative to authoritarian regimes variously formulated around social justice and political rights. While the Middle East was a major theater of these events, with Tunisia, Egypt, Lybia, Syria, Bahrain, and Yemen sharing the headlines, the processes that informed these uprisings were also deeply global. The year 2011 was a revolutionary year, maybe the last in history, when actors differently positioned in the neoliberal social landscape mobilized in different ways, from the Occupy Movement to the London riots. The demise, or better, defeat, of these movements has reverberated profoundly around the globe, highlighting the postdemocratic nature of governance in contemporary states. One of the effects of the rise of new authoritarianism across Europe and the United States is a palpable transformation in the asymmetry between outside observer and the local observed. Researchers now face a reshaping, in some ways a leveling, of differences between “us” and “them” and the distinct temporality used to underpin this asymmetry. Nothing could illustrate this better than the fact that as I write, Egypt's president ʿAbd al-Fattah al-Sisi is enjoying a warm welcome in the White House. The narrative is no longer framed through the worn-out trope of an Arab leader aspiring to modernize his country through pledging allegiance to the leader of the Free World in exchange for aid and armaments; now the man in the White House implicitly pledges to learn from the Arab dictator. Egypt is the pioneer; the United States is the relative latecomer to the Age of New Authoritarianism.
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Klein, Allen M. „Life insurance underwriting in the United States – yesterday, today and tomorrow“. British Actuarial Journal 18, Nr. 2 (18.06.2013): 486–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321713000196.
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AbstractUnderwriting in the United States (US) life insurance marketplace has evolved tremendously over the last several decades. This paper will take a brief look at that history, from the older underwriting techniques still in use today to the introduction of smoker/nonsmoker distinctions in about 1980 to the evolution of preferred underwriting in the late 1980s, and finally to a movement toward simplified issue underwriting and a new approach to older age underwriting today.
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KERN, EMILY M. „Archaeology enters the ‘atomic age’: a short history of radiocarbon, 1946–1960“. British Journal for the History of Science 53, Nr. 2 (13.03.2020): 207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087420000011.
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AbstractToday, the most powerful research technique available for assigning chronometric age to human cultural objects is radiocarbon dating. Developed in the United States in the late 1940s by an alumnus of the Manhattan Project, radiocarbon dating measures the decay of the radioactive isotope carbon-14 (C14) in organic material, and calculates the time elapsed since the materials were removed from the life cycle. This paper traces the interdisciplinary collaboration between archaeology and radiochemistry that led to the successful development of radiocarbon dating in the early 1950s, following the movement of people and ideas from Willard Libby's Chicago radiocarbon laboratory to museums, universities and government labs in the United States, Australia, Denmark and New Zealand. I show how radiocarbon research built on existing technologies and networks in atomic chemistry and physics but was deeply shaped by its original private philanthropic funders and archaeologist users, and ultimately remained to the side of many contemporaneous Cold War scientific and military projects.
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Kreps, Anne. „Reading History with the Essenes of Elmira“. International Journal for the Study of New Religions 9, Nr. 1 (07.12.2018): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/ijsnr.37617.
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This article studies a modern Essene movement based in the United States for its unusual merging of New Age practice with Christian fundamentalism with ancient history. By harkening back to the mystical religions of the ancient Mediterranean, these modern Essenes are able to engage in syncretistic practices while claiming to preserve the traditions of the ancient Essenes.
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Roth, Silke. „Introduction: Contemporary Counter-Movements in the Age of Brexit and Trump“. Sociological Research Online 23, Nr. 2 (17.04.2018): 496–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1360780418768828.
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Brexit and the election of President Trump in the United States are the result of the rise of far-right populist movements which can be observed in Europe, North America, and other regions of the world. Whereas populism itself is one response to neoliberalism, globalization, and austerity measures, the election of Trump, in particular, has caused a new wave of protest. To a far lesser extent, on the 60th anniversary of the founding of the European Union in March 2017, people in the UK and many European countries participated in a March for Europe. These demonstrations represent counter-movements to the growing presence of right-wing, anti-immigrant, racist, nationalist, sexist, homophobic, anti-semitic and anti-Muslim movements throughout Europe and the United States. This rapid response issue surveys right-wing populist and left-liberal counter-movements which represent different responses to neoliberalism, globalization, austerity, and to each other. Social movements reflect and contribute to social change and need to be understood from an intersectional perspective. Networked media play an important role for both populist movements from the right and progressive counter-movements.
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Stokesbury, Michael JW, Steven LH Teo, Andrew Seitz, Ronald K. O'Dor und Barbara A. Block. „Movement of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) as determined by satellite tagging experiments initiated off New England“. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, Nr. 10 (01.10.2004): 1976–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-130.
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Pop-up satellite archival tags were attached to 35 Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) off the New England coast of the United States of America in 1998, 2000, and 2001. The tags provided information on the horizontal and vertical movements and environmental preferences of bluefin tuna. Fish showed movement patterns that can be categorized by age and season. Mature individuals were linked to the Gulf of Mexico breeding grounds based on light level longitude and sea surface temperature latitude estimates of geolocation and a radiosatellite endpoint position. A track based on geolocation indicated that a single individual moved from the tagging release location to the Gulf of Mexico and back to New England waters. Tag-generated water column profiles of depth versus temperature were consistent with fish movement along the shelf and into the Gulf of Mexico. Adolescent fish moved from the New England offshore feeding locations to winter aggregations in the coastal shelf and slope waters of North and South Carolina. Bluefin tuna showed a preference for ambient temperatures that ranged from 14 to 26 °C in autumn and from 18 to 24 °C in winter.
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Massey, Douglas S. „The Past & Future of American Civil Rights“. Daedalus 140, Nr. 2 (April 2011): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00076.
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Although American society will not become race-blind anytime soon, the meaning of race is changing, and processes of racial formation now are quite different than those prevailing just two generations ago. Massey puts the present moment in historical perspective by reviewing progress toward racial equality through successive historical epochs, from the colonial era to the age of Obama. He ends by exploring the contours of racial formation in the United States today, outlining a program for a new civil rights movement in the twenty-first century.
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Drabinski, John E. „Shorelines: In Memory of Édouard Glissant“. Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy 19, Nr. 1 (13.06.2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jffp.2011.473.
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Édouard Glissant passed away on 4 February 2011 at the age of 82. A few words of memory. As a person and thinker, Glissant lived through, then reflected with meditative patience and profundity upon some of the most critical years in the black Atlantic: the aesthetics and politics of anti-colonial struggle, the civil rights movement in the United States, postcolonial cultural anxiety and explosion, the vicissitudes of an emerging cultural globalism, and all of the accompanying intellectual movements from surrealism to negritude to existentialism to those varieties of high modernism and postmodernism for which Glissant himself is such a generative, founding resource. His life bears witness to those years, events, and movements with a poet’s word and a philosopher’s eye. And so Glissant, like all important thinkers, leaves for us an enormous gift – in his case, a new, enigmatic vocabulary of and for the Americas.
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Sabari, Joyce S., Michelle Woodbury und Craig A. Velozo. „Rasch Analysis of a New Hierarchical Scoring System for Evaluating Hand Function on the Motor Assessment Scale for Stroke“. Stroke Research and Treatment 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/730298.
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Objectives. (1) To develop two independent measurement scales for use as items assessing hand movements and hand activities within the Motor Assessment Scale (MAS), an existing instrument used for clinical assessment of motor performance in stroke survivors; (2) To examine the psychometric properties of these new measurement scales.Design. Scale development, followed by a multicenter observational study.Setting. Inpatient and outpatient occupational therapy programs in eight hospital and rehabilitation facilities in the United States and Canada.Participants. Patients(N=332)receiving stroke rehabilitation following left (52%) or right (48%) cerebrovascular accident; mean age 64.2 years (sd 15); median 1 month since stroke onset.Intervention. Not applicable.Main Outcome Measures. Data were tested for unidimensionality and reliability, and behavioral criteria were ordered according to difficulty level with Rasch analysis.Results. The new scales assessing hand movements and hand activities met Rasch expectations of unidimensionality and reliability.Conclusion. Following a multistep process of test development, analysis, and refinement, we have redesigned the two scales that comprise the hand function items on the MAS. The hand movement scale contains an empirically validated 10-behavior hierarchy and the hand activities item contains an empirically validated 8-behavior hierarchy.
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Oh, Patricia A. „DEVELOPING AGE-FRIENDLY COMMUNITIES: EVIDENCE FROM MULTIPLE CASE STUDIES“. Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.654.
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Abstract The age-friendly community movement is gaining momentum in the United States. More than 325 communities have joined the AARP Network of Age-Friendly States and Communities or the WHO Global Network of Age-Friendly States and Communities. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore what influences municipal decision-making about joining a network and how communities mobilize the resources at their disposal to make age-friendly changes after joining. The conceptual model that guided this exploratory study incorporated Kingdon’s policy change model to explore municipal decision-making about joining a formal age-friendly network and resource mobilization theory to explore factors that influence implementation of age-friendly changes after a community joins an age-friendly network. Data was gathered in three in-depth case studies of age-friendly communities in New England-- Brookline, Massachusetts; Newport, Vermont; and Ellsworth Maine. In these three cases, the policy entrepreneur was key to municipal decision-making. Kingdon posits that a single problem definition increases the likelihood that a policy is adopted. However, in these cases, the policy entrepreneur used selective framing to advocate with local organizations and municipal government, a departure from Kingdon’s model. Implications for age-friendly policy adoption will be discussed. Resource mobilization theory posits that implementation of change is dependent on resources and collaborations. Each case had access to different resources, but partnerships were key to moving the work forward (with or without collaborations). The primary resources utilized were relational and ideological. Material resources were less likely to move the work forward. Implications will be discussed.
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Turkington, Richard C. „Medical Record Confidentiality Law, Scientific Research, and Data Collection in the Information Age“. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 25, Nr. 2-3 (1997): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1997.tb01887.x.
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A powerful movement is afoot to create a national computerized system of health records. Advocates claim it could save the health delivery system billions of dollars and improve the quality of health services. According to Lawrence Gostin, a leading commentator on privacy and health records, this new infrastructure is “already under way and [has] an aura of inevitability.” When it is in place, almost any information that is viewed as relevant to a decision in the health care delivery system would be available to a large and yet undetermined number of individuals. The transformation of the collection and communication of health information from texts housed by health care providers and facilities to data electronically transmitted through networks of linked computers has significant implications for confidentiality and for data collection in scientific research. The best evidence clearly indicates that most people in the United States consider confidentiality for health information important and worry that the increased computerization of health records will result in inappropriate disclosure.
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Liu, Lingbo, Tao Hu, Shuming Bao, Hao Wu, Zhenghong Peng und Ru Wang. „The Spatiotemporal Interaction Effect of COVID-19 Transmission in the United States“. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, Nr. 6 (04.06.2021): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10060387.
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(1) Background: Human mobility between geographic units is an important way in which COVID-19 is spread across regions. Due to the pressure of epidemic control and economic recovery, states in the United States have adopted different policies for mobility limitations. Assessing the impact of these policies on the spatiotemporal interaction of COVID-19 transmission among counties in each state is critical to formulating epidemic policies. (2) Methods: We utilized Moran’s I index and K-means clustering to investigate the time-varying spatial autocorrelation effect of 49 states (excluding the District of Colombia) with daily new cases at the county level from 22 January 2020 to 20 August 2020. Based on the dynamic spatial lag model (SLM) and the SIR model with unreported infection rate (SIRu), the integrated SLM-SIRu model was constructed to estimate the inter-county spatiotemporal interaction coefficient of daily new cases in each state, which was further explored by Pearson correlation test and stepwise OLS regression with socioeconomic factors. (3) Results: The K-means clustering divided the time-varying spatial autocorrelation curves of the 49 states into four types: continuous increasing, fluctuating increasing, weak positive, and weak negative. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the spatiotemporal interaction coefficients in each state estimated by SLM-SIRu were significantly positively correlated with the variables of median age, population density, and proportions of international immigrants and highly educated population, but negatively correlated with the birth rate. Further stepwise OLS regression retained only three positive correlated variables: poverty rate, population density, and highly educated population proportion. (4) Conclusions: This result suggests that various state policies in the U.S. have imposed different impacts on COVID-19 transmission among counties. All states should provide more protection and support for the low-income population; high-density populated states need to strengthen regional mobility restrictions; and the highly educated population should reduce unnecessary regional movement and strengthen self-protection.
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Herbert, William A. „Janus v AFSCME, Council 31: Judges Will Haunt You in the Second Gilded Age“. Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations 74, Nr. 1 (07.05.2019): 162–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1059469ar.
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This essay examines the United States Supreme Court’s 2018 decision in Janus v AFSCME, Council 31, which concluded that agency shop provisions violate the First Amendment rights of public sector workers who are not union members but receive the fruits of the representation. This decision reversed over 40 years of precedent and imposed “right to work” as a new federal constitutional mandate, fulfilling the dream of anti-union forces since the first Gilded Age. The essay begins with a brief history of the open shop movement and the development of the agency shop as a constitutionally permissible form of union security in the private and public sectors. It then describes how an activist Supreme Court majority undermined the constitutionality of the agency shop, which set the stage for the Janus decision. The essay summarizes the majority and dissenting opinions in Janus, and describes how unions, employers, and some state legislatures are responding to the decision’s immediate impact.
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Conrad, Mark. „The COVID-19 Pandemic, the Empowering Olympic, Paralympic, and Amateur Athletes Act, and the Dawn of a New Age of U.S. Olympic Reform“. Journal of Legal Aspects of Sport 31, Nr. 1 (10.02.2021): 1–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/24919.
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In the fall of 2020, Congress enacted the first substantive changes in the governance of the Olympic Sports system in over four decades. The new law, The Empowering Olympic, Paralympic and Amateur Athletes Act, was passed in the wake of sexual abuse scandals that rocked certain sport governing bodies. In amending the 1978 Amateur Sports Act, the new law grants Congress the power to decertify the United States Olympic bodies, mandates greater athlete representation in governance, and increases funding to protect athletes through greater support of the U.S. Center for SafeSport. Aside from the decertification power, the most significant provision of the new law is the establishment of a Commission on the State of U.S. Olympics and Paralympics to review the governance of the United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee (“USOPC”) and make proposals for change. The Commission’s creation comes at a crucial time in U.S. Olympic governance. Due to the governance scandals, uncertain funding and the general national sports upheaval caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, this article advocates for more significant changesto the Olympic structure that the commission should consider, such as direct or indirect government funding for the USOPC and the sport governing bodies in return for adherence to more stringent transparency and ethical rules. Ideas that the Commission could consider include mandatory disclosure of information such as sponsorship agreements as well as compensation and bonus limitations for those in key leadership positions, the appointment of an inspector-general, and greater athlete involvement in the U.S. Olympic movement. The article also proposes more statutory changes such as a limited antitrust exemption and the end of special trademark protections for the USOPC.
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Cravens, Hamilton. „Postmodernist Psychobabble: The Recovery Movement for Individual Self-Esteem in Mental Health Since World War II“. Journal of Policy History 9, Nr. 1 (Januar 1997): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600005868.
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By the middle 1990s the recovery movement for personal self-esteem and, thus, mental health for the individual, had reached a new level of penetration into American culture. Many commentators and interpreters of contemporary affairs judged the President of the United States, Bill Clinton, a potential recruit. As the archetypical adult child of an alcoholic parent—the product of a dysfunctional family if there ever was one, according to the movement's clerics-Clinton seemed lacking in selfesteem. His painful childhood was the culprit. And recovery was the solution. In a word, he was too anxious to please his critics—the classic trademark of the adult child of an alcoholic parent. Contemporary therapists taught that such persons were placaters of their critics because of the emotional abuse that their parents had inflicted on them, often for no apparent reason. The damaged child, regardless of his or her chronological age, could not, without appropriate therapy and personal “recovery,” ever get over such incidents, which were seared into their psychological and neurophysiological apparatus.
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Purvis, Zachary. „Transatlantic Textbooks: Karl Hagenbach, Shared Interests, and German Academic Theology in Nineteenth-Century America“. Church History 83, Nr. 3 (31.07.2014): 650–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640714000596.
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The rise of German academic institutions in the nineteenth century considerably altered the landscape of American higher education. American students of theology looked to Germany to develop their discipline, where they found model textbooks that gave directives in learning and piety, transforming academic and theological practice. With sensitivity to the history of the book and the history of the rich cultural traffic across the Atlantic, this article focuses on the reception in English translation of the important and widely read Swiss-German church historian Karl Rudolf Hagenbach, whose textbooks enjoyed a considerable audience in the United States by crossing ideological boundaries and unseating obdurate assumptions. By examining this reception in the United States and Britain and investigating those “transatlantic personalities” who played pivotal roles in bringing his ideas from the “Old World” to the “New,” this article demonstrates Hagenbach's lasting influence on the changing fields of history, church history, and academic theology in America. An “Atlantic” perspective on these themes offers new insights for our understanding of religion in the modern academy, the movement and translation of theological ideas in an age of steamship travel, and the surfacing of commonalities among ostensibly mismatched, if not outright conflicting, Protestant religious cultures.
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Molnar, Aleksandar. „The light of freedom in the age of enlightenment (2): England and France“. Filozofija i drustvo 22, Nr. 2 (2011): 129–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1102129m.
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Although the philosophy (as well as the whole movement) of Enlightenment was born in the Netherlands and England in the late 17th and early 18th century, there were considerable problems in defying the freedom. By the mid 18th century, under the influence of ?national mercantilism? (Max Weber), the freedom was perceived in more and more collective terms, giving bith to the political option of national liberalism. That is why in the second half of 18th century this two countries have been progresively loosing importance for the movement of Enlightenment and two new countries emerged at its leading position, striving for democratic liberalism: United States of America and France. However, individual freedom faced not one, but two dangers during its philosophical and institutional development in the Age of Enlightenment: on the one hand, the danger of wanishing in the national freedom, and, on the other hand, the danger of becoming unbound and (self)destructive. The emerging (national) liberalism in England in the 18th century witnessed the first danger, while the second danger appeared in the wake of the Franch revolution. The French were the first in the Modern epohe to realise that the light of freedom is to powerful to be used without considerable precaussions in the establishement of liberal civil society. Therefore, some moderation hat to be taken into consideration. The idea of humanity, i.e. human rights, was at the end found as most helpful in solving the task of preserving individual freedom, without sacrifying social bonds between free individuals.
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Materson, Lisa G., und Joe William Trotter. „African American Urban Electoral Politics in the Age of Jim Crow“. Journal of Urban History 44, Nr. 2 (05.01.2018): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144217746134.
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This article reviews the literature on black politics in the United States during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It argues that with notable exceptions, the expanding corpus of scholarship on black politics has largely focused on grassroots organizing and social movements, making electoral politics a secondary force in the history of African Americans. This critique of recent scholarship frames and introduces four articles in this special section that carry forward research on urban electoral politics as a central feature of black freedom struggles. By looking at the level of local urban party politics, this new work, this article asserts, challenges familiar narratives about the history of black electoral politics, including the steadfastness of black Republican loyalty before the Depression, the characterization of the black struggle against disfranchisement as a southern story, and the representation of black electoral leadership as middle class.
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Horback, Kristina. „284 Prop 12 and Its Implications for Future On-farm Animal Welfare in the United States“. Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (01.05.2021): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.013.
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Abstract California’s Proposition 12, also known as the Farm Animal Confinement Initiative, will go into full effect starting in January 2022. This measure changes the minimum space requirement for egg-laying hens, calves raised for veal, and breeding sows within the state of California. These changes include housing that provides 1 to 1.5 square feet of floor space per hen within a cage-free system, 43 square feet of floor space per veal calf, and 24 square feet of floor space per sow. In addition, Proposition 12 would require producers to move the sows from gestation pens into farrowing crates for a maximum of 5 days before they are due to farrow. This measure also prohibits producers outside of California from importing their eggs, veal, or pork into the state unless they meet these minimum housing requirements. The goal of these requirements is to ensure that they animal can lie down, stand up, turn around, and fully extend their limbs without touching the sides of their stalls or another animal. While the intent of this new housing requirement may allow for a greater freedom of movement, animal welfare concerns are still prominent for group housing. For breeding sow, such concerns include injuries caused by social aggression, and, abnormal or harmful behaviors related to feed restriction. These welfare concerns can be addressed when considerations are given to the group composition (e.g., age and size of sows), pen mixing practices (e.g., pre or post breeding), feeding schedule [e.g., collective (trough, floor fed) or individual (electronic sow feeding, free access stalls)], and, pen structural quality (e.g., flooring, enrichment). Given that California represents approximately 15 percent of the American pork market, this measure will have considerable economic and ethical implications related to barn renovations, animal care staff training, and husbandry practices for the entire U.S. pork industry.
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Turner, Faythe. „Editor's Note“. Ethnic Studies Review 20, Nr. 1 (01.01.1997): i—ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.1997.20.1.i.
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This issue of the Journal of the National Association of Ethnic Studies presents an interesting cross section of ethnic groups in the United States: Native American, Vietnamese, Latino, African American. Several of the articles involving these groups raise the persistent question of assimilation versus acculturation and where the health and welfare of the children of immigrants or the younger generation of immigrants lies. Shaw N. Gynan in “Hispanic Immigration and Spanish Maintenance as Indirect Measures of Ethnicity: Reality and Perceptions” has found that the newest generation of Latinos not only are more involved ethnically with their Spanish heritage than earlier immigrants but also are more proficient in English, information that might cause the promoters of English as the official language of the United States to rethink their position. In “An Examination of Social Adaptation Processes of Vietnamese Adolescents” Fayneese Miller, My Do, and Jason Sperber show that this age group finds its strength in a strong attachment to their ethnic community and proficiency in speaking and writing English: the first keeps them grounded and the second two allow them the confidence to progress in their new society. In “Community Versus Assimilation: A Study IN American Assimilation at Saint Joseph's Indian Industrial School” Sarah Shillinger shows through oral history the effects of being removed from one's ethnic community as Indian children were in the board school movement of the early twentieth century.
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Lenstra, Noah. „Movement-Based Programs in U.S. and Canadian Public Libraries: Evidence of Impacts from an Exploratory Survey“. Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 12, Nr. 4 (30.12.2017): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8166d.
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Abstract
Objective – Past research suggests that approximately 20-30% of public libraries in the United States offer movement-based programs, that is programs that encourage, enable, or foster physical activity and physical fitness. Little is currently known about the impacts of these programs, in the U.S. or elsewhere. This study addresses the questions: what impacts do movement-based programs in public libraries have and what variations exist between urban and rural libraries.
Methods – The researcher aimed to explore these questions through an exploratory survey of U.S. and Canadian public libraries that have offered movement-based programs. The survey was completed by self-selecting staff from 1,157 public libraries in the U.S. and Canada during spring 2017. Analysis focuses on those portions of the survey that address the impacts of movement-based programs.
Results – Results show that throughout North America, public libraries provide movement-based programs for all age groups. The most consistently reported impact of these programs is new library users. Furthermore, on average respondents report that participation in these programs slightly exceeding their expectations. These facts may account for the finding that 95% of respondents report that they intend to continue offering movement-based programs at their libraries.
Conclusion – More research using a randomized survey design is needed to better assess this emerging programming area in a more comprehensive manner. Nonetheless, this study provides needed evidence on the impacts of movement-based programs in many North American public libraries. Hopefully this evidence will contribute to more conversations and research on the roles of public libraries in public health and wellness.
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Leung, Jessica, Diana Elson, Brandy Cloud, Dakota (Cody) McMurray, Rebecca J. McNall, Carole J. Hickman und Mariel Marlow. „1617. Mumps in Detention Facilities that House Detained Migrants—United States, September 2018–April 2019“. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (Oktober 2019): S589—S590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1481.
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Abstract Background Starting in September 2018, an unusually high number of mumps cases were reported in US adult detention facilities. Detention facilities usually involve close contact among detainees, facilitating transmission of mumps. Detainees in close contact with a mumps patient are at increased risk for acquiring mumps and should be offered a dose of MMR vaccine. We summarize the epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory data for mumps cases in adult detention facilities during September 2018-April 2019. Methods Data were collected by health departments and US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Health Services Corps and reported to CDC. Cases were classified according to the CSTE case definition for mumps and confirmed by RT-qPCR; molecular sequencing was performed on mumps-positive specimens. Results From September 2018-April 2019, 389 confirmed and probable mumps cases in adult migrants detained by ICE in 44 detention facilities were reported in 16 states (figure). The median age of patients was 24 years (range: 18–66); 94% were male. Vaccination status was unknown for all patients. Most (80%) patients were exposed while in custody of ICE or other US legal agency, 7% were exposed before apprehension, and custody status at exposure was unknown for 13%. Among 265 patients with data on complications, 15% had orchitis; at least 3 were hospitalized. Mumps genotype G, the most common genotype in US, was identified in specimens from 70 patients. This mumps response included >7,000 MMR vaccine doses distributed to affected facilities, and hundreds of exposed detainees placed under restricted movement in their facility each week. The response is ongoing as new cases continue to be reported. Conclusion This is the first report of mumps outbreaks occurring in multiple states and detention facilities during the same period. These outbreaks are costly and challenging to control. Identifying target groups for vaccination is challenging since detainees are frequently transferred and MMR vaccine does not prevent mumps in persons already exposed and infected. Effective public health interventions require an understanding of detention settings. Development of national guidance and resources for public health response to mumps and other infectious diseases in detention facilities would be beneficial. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Lebovic, Sam. „No Right to Leave the Nation: The Politics of Passport Denial and the Rise of the National Security State“. Studies in American Political Development 34, Nr. 1 (20.02.2020): 170–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x20000048.
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This article provides an institutional and legal history of passport denial in the United States from World War I to the early Cold War. Identifying the Passport Division as a central institution of the national security state, the article shows that the state was deeply invested in regulating the international movement of people and in monopolizing international connections in a globalizing age. It also analyzes the rise of the Passport Division as an authoritative and autonomous bureaucracy to provide new insight into the institutional development of the national security state. It emphasizes particularly the ways that the executive branch, the Congress, and the Passport Division mutually constituted travel policy as a field of state action in a decades-long process stretching from World War I to the Cold War. It explores the centrality of the reputation of the Passport Division, as personified by its head, Ruth Shipley, in facilitating its rise as an authoritative institution in the field of travel policy. And by analyzing the ways that the Passport Division was able to survive civil libertarian challenges in the 1950s, it explores the surprising longevity of national security bureaucracies.
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Parlyk, Vladislav. „The search of ways out of crisis of the Social Democratic Movement of Austria“. Науково-теоретичний альманах "Грані" 22, Nr. 2 (22.04.2019): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/171924.
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The article is devoted to the crisis of social democratic movements in Western Europe in the XXI century. Emphasis is placed on the evolution of the Social Democratic Party of Austria. Of great importance are the developments of such scientists who dealt with this problem, as K. Kholodkovsky, N. Rabotyazhev, A. Vilkov, G. Nidermyulbihler, G. Sidl, G. Moschonas. The structure of the article is as follows. The first part shows a tendency to reduce electoral support for socialist and social democratic parties in countries such as France, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden, Austria and Greece. The general causes of the crisis of the Social Democrats are highlighted. Firstly, in the conditions of depopulation of the population and globalization of production, the working class is being eroded, conditions which supported decades social democrats across the whole Europe disappear. Secondly, social democrats, addressing target audience ceased to consider its specifics. Thirdly, owing to the crisis phenomena in the EU, migration crisis, deepening of inequality there is a radicalization as right and left electorate.The analysis of researches of the Austrian Institute of social researches and consulting of SORA indicates that the Social Democratic Party of Austria has ceased to be a «party of workers», its support base is currently voting more for the Austrian Freedom Party. Also the analysis of flows of voters between parliamentary parties (NET) of the last four electoral cycles in Austria states a steady trend of transition of bigger number of votes from social democrats to the right populists.In the second part in a chronological order four stages of modernization of ideology and complex organizational reform of the Social Democratic Party of Austria which captured the period from May, 2014 to November, 2018 are allocated and analysed. The main provisions of the new political program of the party, in which the Social Democratic Party of Austria offers voters their vision of solving the problems of the 21st century, as well as the structure and important points of the new organizational Statute, are considered. The key points of the new program are the digital revolution, the fair distribution of work and working time, resources and opportunities, as well as education, social security, a dignified old age, the expansion of non-commercial housing construction, forced migration, environmental problems, in particular global warming. Important points of the new Statute include the strengthening of the role of ordinary members of the party, the possibility of obtaining guest member status for one year with the right to become a permanent member of the party, the expansion of thematic and project initiatives.In conclusions major factors which acted as the trigger to fundamental updating of the Social Democratic Party of Austria, feature of this process are allocated. Results of a research can have a certain value for the scientists researching the social democratic movement and also subjects of party and political life.
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Specht, Joshua. „A Failure to Prohibit: New York City's Underground Bob Veal Trade“. Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 12, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2013): 475–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781413000339.
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During the Progressive Era, bob veal, the meat of calves slaughtered at younger than four weeks of age, was incorrectly believed to be poisonous, and its sale was prohibited in areas across the United States. Yet a thriving underground trade persisted. This article studies bob veal's prohibition in Progressive Era New York City to understand where the meat was coming from, how it reached diners' tables, and who was eating it. I argue that bob veal's consumers, many of whom were recent immigrants and the urban poor, recognized the meat was benign. In examining the prohibition's failure, this article studies the politics of regulation and policing. For the ban's advocates, the language and assumptions of the broader pure food and public health movements were simultaneously empowering and constraining, giving reformers a political language to build institutional support for the prohibition and helping journalists sell newspapers even as this language required effacing the complexity of the bob veal trade. From the perspective of bob veal's many producers, smugglers, and consumers, this article highlights how a diffuse social power—a politics on the ground—can trump formal authority.
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Doughty, P. T., R. A. Price und R. R. Parrish. „Geology and U-Pb geochronology of Archean basement and Proterozoic cover in the Priest River complex, northwestern United States, and their implications for Cordilleran structure and Precambrian continent reconstructions“. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 35, Nr. 1 (01.01.1998): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e97-083.
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Precambrian basement rocks exposed within tectonic windows in the North American Cordillera help to define the Precambrian crustal structure of western North America and possible reconstructions of the Late Proterozoic supercontinent Rodinia. New geologic mapping and U-Pb dating in the infrastructure of the Priest River metamorphic complex, northern Idaho, documents the first Archean basement (2651 ± 20 Ma) north of the Snake River Plain in the North American Cordillera. The Archean rocks are exposed in the core of an antiform and mantled by a metaquartzite that may represent the nonconformity between basement and the overlying Hauser Lake gneiss, which is correlated with the Prichard Formation of the Belt Supergroup. A structurally higher sheet of augen gneiss interleaved with the Hauser Lake gneiss yields a U-Pb zircon crystallization age somewhat greater than 1577 Ma. The slivers of augen gneiss were tectonically interleaved with the surrounding Hauser Lake gneiss near the base of the Spokane dome mylonite zone, which arches across this part of the Priest River complex. We conclude that the Spokane dome mylonite zone lies above the Archean basement-cover contact and that it was, in part, equivalent to the basal décollement of the Rocky Mountain fold and thrust belt. New U-Pb dates on metamorphic monazite and xenotime reveal peak metamorphism at ca. 72 Ma, compatible with movement along the Spokane dome mylonite zone at that time. The Archean basement could be interpreted as the western extension of the Hearne province, or a new Archean basement terrane separated from the Hearne province by an Early Proterozoic suture. The unique assemblage of 2.65 Ga basement, ~1.58 Ga felsic intrusive rocks, and the Middle Proterozoic Belt Supergroup can be used as a piercing point for the identification of the conjugate margin to Laurentia. Our new dating supports previous correlations of Australia's Gawler craton (2.55-2.65 Ga) and its 1590 Ma plutons with the Priest River complex basement gneisses. The Priest River complex basement may be a piece of eastern Australia stranded during rifting of the supercontinent Rodina in the Late Proterozoic.
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Petrzela, Natalia Mehlman. „“The Siren Song of Yoga”“. Pacific Historical Review 89, Nr. 3 (2020): 379–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2020.89.3.379.
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Yoga writ large helps illuminate the nature and the limits of evolving countercultures. Yoga in the 1960s and 1970s United States operated as a crucial vehicle for expressing critiques of patriarchy and sexual repression. Expressive forms of sexuality became pervasive in yoga culture, symptoms of the increased discursive and physical openness of the sexual revolutions. The broad-ranging spirituality associated with yoga often challenged rigid religiosity, frequently by pitting Eastern against Western belief systems, often oversimplifying this duality. The American encounter with yoga has been a vehicle for the rise of a capacious spirituality, often defined as “New Age” and more recently subsumed within the “spiritual-but-not-religious” movement, which today over 30 percent of Americans reportedly embrace. Yoga has been a crucial vehicle for expressing how Americans see themselves as spiritual, sexual, and physical beings, and the 1960s and 1970s represent a period in which these identities were articulated, if not always enacted, as distinctly countercultural. At the same time, this famously experimental era paradoxically corresponded to the incorporation of yoga into a popular mainstream fitness culture. The mainstreaming of yoga at times sapped this spiritual practice of a significant measure of radicalism and at others merely expressed that radicalism differently.
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Davidson, Michael W. „Pioneers in Optics: Marvin Lee Minsky and Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt)“. Microscopy Today 20, Nr. 5 (September 2012): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929512000600.
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On August 9, 1927, in New York City, Marvin Lee Minsky was born to Dr. Henry Minsky, an eye surgeon, and Fannie Resier, an active participant in the Zionist movement. At an early age he developed an interest in science, a characteristic that was encouraged at the private schools he attended as a child. Nevertheless, after high school he joined the United States Navy. Following his two years of service, Minsky entered Harvard University, where he pursued a variety of subjects, including psychology, physics, neurophysiology, and mathematics. After graduation in 1950, he transferred to Princeton University to pursue his doctorate in mathematics, and during his first year there he constructed the first neural network simulator. Subsequent to receiving his PhD in 1954, he revisited Harvard, but this time as part of the renowned group of scholars known as the Society of Fellows.Lord Rayleigh was a British physicist and mathematician who worked in many disciplines including electromagnetics, physical optics, and sound wave theory. The criteria he defined still act as the limits of resolution of a diffraction-limited optical instrument. Rayleigh wrote over 446 scientific papers but is perhaps best known for his discovery of the inert gas argon, which earned him a Nobel Prize.
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Evans, J. R., C. A. Ishida, C. L. Regusci, R. R. Evans und W. Rademacher. „Mode of Action, Metabolism, and Uptake of BAS-125W, Prohexadione Calcium“. HortScience 32, Nr. 3 (Juni 1997): 558A—558. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.558a.
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Prohexadione calcium, or BAS-125W, is a plant growth regulator being developed for registration in the United States by the BASF Corporation and Kumiai Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. Prohexadione calcium inhibits the biosynthesis of gibberellin by blocking dioxygenases, which require 2-oxogluterate as a co-substrate. The result is a decrease in cell elongation and reduced vegetative growth. Gibberellin levels are reduced in the plant for 3 to 4 weeks following application of this growth regulator. Prohexadione calcium does not persist in the plant or directly effect vegetative growth the following season. Prohexadione calcium is absorbed by the plant foliage and uptake is generally complete within 8 hr following application. Results indicate that translocation within the plant is predominantly by acropetal movement, while basipetal movement is limited. Preliminary research has shown prohexadione calcium to have a short half-life in the environment; to have no negative effects on non-target organisms; and to offer little risk to users or consumers. Rates of 125 ppm a.i. to 250 ppm a.i. have typically provided effective vegetative control of vigorous apple trees. Generally, as the vegetative vigor of a tree increases; the rate of prohexadione calcium needed for effective vegetative control has to be raised. Vegetative vigor is influence by numerous factors including: fruit load, location, variety, rootstock, age, pruning, and training system. Earlier applications at 2 to 5 inches of new shoot growth have provided more-effective control of vegetative growth than later applications. Due to its short-term effect and lack of persistence, prohexadione calcium can be a flexible tool in developing user specific growth management strategies.
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Miller, Kenneth R. „Darwin, Design, and the Catholic Faith“. Horizons 32, Nr. 02 (2005): 368–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0360966900002607.
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Words matter, and they matter most of all in the context in which they are to be read and understood. On July 7, 2005, the New York Times published an opinion piece, “Finding Design in Nature,” purporting to offer “The official Catholic stance on evolution.” The author of that piece, my fellow Catholic Christoph Cardinal Schönborn, got the theology exactly right, but erred dramatically in his take on the science and the politics of the “design” movement as it exists in the United States. Knowing how the Cardinal's words will be misused by the enemies of science in our country, it is important to set the record straight.As Cardinal Schönborn quite properly points out, the Catholic Church is staunchly opposed to any view of life that would exclude the notion of divine purpose and meaning. In the new century, as he puts it, the church will “defend human reason by proclaiming that the immanent design evident in nature is real.” In response I would echo the words of the Catechism that scientific studies of “the age and development of the cosmos, the development of life-forms and the appearance of man … invite us to even greater admiration for the greatness of the Creator.” Indeed they do.But the Cardinal is wrong in asserting that the neo-Darwinian theory of evolution is inherently atheistic. Neo-Darwinism, he tells us, is an ideology proposing that an “unguided, unplanned process of random variation and natural selection” gave rise to all life on earth, including our own species. To be sure, many evolutionists have made such assertions in their popular writings on the “meaning” of evolutionary theory. But are such assertions truly part of evolution as it is understood by the “mainstream biologists” of which the Cardinal speaks?
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Jankovic, Joseph, Barbara Coffey, Daniel O. Claassen, David Stamler, Barry J. Gertz, Elisabeth A. Garofalo, Maria Wieman, Mark Forrest Gordon und Juha-Matti Savola. „152 Development of Deutetrabenazine as a Potential New Non-Antipsychotic Treatment for Tourette Syndrome in Children and Adolescents“. CNS Spectrums 25, Nr. 2 (April 2020): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852920000681.
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Abstract:Background:Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the hyperkinetic movements of motor and phonic tics manifested in young age. Currently approved treatments in the United States are antipsychotics: haloperidol, pimozide, and aripiprazole, which are associated with serious side effects, including tardive dyskinesia (TD). Deutetrabenazine, a vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2) inhibitor, was approved in 2017 by the US FDA for the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington’s disease and TD. Three ongoing studies (Alternatives for Reducing Tics in TS [ARTISTS]) are evaluating the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of deutetrabenazine in reducing tics in TS in children and adolescents (age 6-16 years).Methods:ARTISTS 1, a phase 2/3, response-driven, dose-titration, placebo-controlled study, randomizes patients (N=116) 1:1 to deutetrabenazine or placebo for 12 weeks. ARTISTS 2, a phase 3, fixed-dose study, randomizes patients (N=150) 1:1:1 to deutetrabenazine high or low dose, or placebo for 8 weeks. The primary efficacy outcome in these pivotal studies is change from baseline to end of treatment in the Total Tic Score (TTS) of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS). Additional efficacy endpoints and safety/tolerability are also evaluated. ARTISTS is a 56-week, open-label, single-arm, long-term safety/tolerability study in patients who have successfully completed either ARTISTS 1 or ARTISTS 2.Results:Not available yet.Conclusion:TS can have potentially long-term life impact, and there remains unmet medical need for effective and well-tolerated treatments. Three ARTISTS studies will evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of deutetrabenazine in patients with tics in TS.Funding Acknowledgements:The studies are sponsored by Teva Pharmaceuticals and operationalized by Teva’s development partner, Nuvelution TS Pharma INC.
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Yang, Xiaoqin, Hyun Kyoo Yoo, Suvina Amin, Wendy Y. Cheng, Heather Sipsma, Sanjana Sundaresan, Lujia Zhang und Mei Sheng Duh. „Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among pediatric patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and plexiform neurofibroma (PN) in the United States (U.S.).“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2021): 10042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.10042.
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10042 Background: PNs occur in 30-50% of pediatric patients with NF1, often resulting in debilitating pain and dysfunction. Children with NF1 PN report significantly worse HRQoL than the general population, though real-world evidence is limited. Research is needed to better characterize HRQoL among this patient population in the US. Methods: Patients ages 8-18 years with NF1 PN in the US who were treatment naïve or new users of selumetinib (≤1 month of use) were recruited through the Children’s Tumor Foundation to participate with their caregivers in an online cross-sectional survey in December 2020 and January 2021. Caregivers of similar patients ages 2-7 years also participated. Measures included the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL; Acute version), EQ-5D-Y, Pain Interference Index (PII), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11), and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) mobility and upper extremity functioning subscales. Patients provided self-reported responses; caregivers provided proxy responses and patient demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: 61 patients and 82 caregivers responded to the survey. Median (range) age of patients was 12.0 (8-14) years, and 53.7% were female. Most were treatment naïve (97.6%), white/Caucasian (85.4%), and had an NF1 and PN diagnosis for > 5 years (80.5% and 68.3%, respectively). On the PedsQL (range: 0-100; higher = better; mean scores typically > 80 among healthy patients), mean patient scores were 50.3 (school functioning), 56.1 (emotional functioning), 60.7 (social functioning), and 63.7 (physical functioning); the mean total score was 58.5.Caregiver-proxy mean scores were similar, ranging from 54.0 for school functioning to 65.0 for physical functioning, with a mean total score of 59.1. On the EQ-5D-Y, more than half of patients reported experiencing “some” or “a lot” of problems with pain or discomfort (65.6%) and with feeling worried, sad or unhappy (62.3%). Among patients with pain in the last 7 days, mean scores on the PII (range: 0-6; higher = more interference) were 3.0 for patients and 2.7 for caregiver proxies. Almost 75% of them reported moderate or severe pain on the NRS-11. Among patients with movement difficulty in the past 7 days, mean t-scores from the PROMIS scales (distribution mean = 50; higher = better) were 40.2 for mobility and 39.5 for upper extremity functioning among patients and 36.0 and 29.1, respectively, among caregivers. Within dyads, patients generally reported better functioning, on average, than their caregiver proxies. Conclusions: The humanistic burden of NF1 PN among this pediatric patient population is substantial, especially regarding pain, emotional functioning, and physical functioning. Results highlight an unmet need to be addressed for improving HRQoL in pediatric patients with NF1 and PN.
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Scott, Paul D. „Under Siege: The Rise of Right-Wing Populism or has the Demos Become Crazy?“ Galáxia (São Paulo), Nr. 42 (Dezember 2019): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-25532019344235.
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Abstract The title of this paper is a play on words re-working the word democracy into demos-crazy. This re-working however is not a joke as the election of authoritarian illiberal candidates in the United States, the Philippines, Hungary, Turkey and Brazil (to name but a few) has called into question the future shape of politics. Electoral politics is under siege by new parties as well as spontaneous movements. There are fundamental questions which need to be addressed. What are the reasons for the rise of right-wing populism? Is populism undemocratic? What has been the role of social media and ICTs in helping to create a new political spectrum? Politically and socially what does it mean if we have entered a post-truth age? The demos has not become crazy but democracy is certainly in retreat. This paper argues that liberalism needs to construct an honest counter-narrative in contrast to the fear-mongering and false nostalgia of the right. The rhetoric of the right is opportunistic, but it would be a fatal mistaketo dismiss its appeals. After all, it has won elections. The demos is not crazy, but has been ignored and in many cases left behind. Positive populism is grounded in human dignity and fairness. This is the essence of democracy.
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Trever, Lisa. „Pre-Columbian Art History in the Age of the Wall“. Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture 1, Nr. 1 (01.01.2019): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/lavc.2019.000007b.
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Following an introductory essay, six short contributions by academics and museum curators in the United States (US) and Europe tackle the current state and future of Pre-Columbian visual culture studies. They explore the field’s impressive growth in this century, as well as some of the dangers it currently faces as a result of that growth. Several trace its present state to its origins and the part played by early Mexican and US nationalism, the popularity of world’s fairs, and the civil rights movement, among other factors. Also considered are problems inherent in the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century separation of the preconquest past from the newly labeled colonial period, as well as the concurrent embrace of the term “Pre-Columbian.” Other essays take a hard look at the present and future relation of art history to archaeology and cross-disciplinary studies within the field, which is defined in part by their dependence on, or skepticism regarding, iconography. Whereas academics wrestle in these essays with the implications of a declining job market, museum curators struggle with limited funding. Nonetheless, possible new strategies and opportunities for the future are proposed, including engagement with issues posed by the rising interest in decoloniality and global indigeneity. RESUMEN Luego de un ensayo introductorio, seis contribuciones cortas de académicos y conservadores de museos en los Estados Unidos y Europa abordan el estado actual y el futuro de los estudios de cultura visual precolombina. Se explora el impresionante crecimiento del campo en este siglo, así como algunos de los peligros que enfrenta actualmente como resultado de este crecimiento. Varios colaboradores trazan el estado actual del campo hasta sus orígenes y notan la influencia en él de las primeras manifestaciones de los nacionalismos de México y los Estados Unidos, la popularidad de las ferias mundiales y el Movimiento por los derechos civiles, entre otros factores. También se consideran los problemas inherentes a la separación entre el pasado precolombino y el llamado período colonial que se establecía entre fines del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX, así como la aceptación simultánea del término “precolombino”. Otros ensayos analizan detenidamente la relación presente y futura de la historia del arte con la arqueología y los estudios interdisciplinarios dentro del campo, que se define en parte por su dependencia o escepticismo con respecto a la iconografía. Mientras que los académicos discuten en estos ensayos las implicaciones de un mercado de trabajo decreciente, los curadores de museos abordan las restricciones presupuestarias. No obstante, se proponen posibles nuevas estrategias y oportunidades para el futuro, como la participación futura en cuestiones planteadas por el creciente interés en la descolonialidad y la indigeneidad global. RESUMO Após um ensaio introdutório, seis curtas contribuições de acadêmicos e curadores de museus nos Estados Unidos e na Europa abordam o estado atual e o futuro dos estudos da cultura visual pré-colombiana. O impressionante crescimento do campo neste século, bem como alguns dos perigos que atualmente enfrenta como resultado desse crescimento, são explorados. Diversos colaboradores traçam o estado atual do campo até suas origens e o papel desempenhado pelo nacionalismo inicial do México e dos Estados Unidos, a popularidade das feiras mundiais e o Movimento dos direitos civis, entre outros fatores. Também são considerados os problemas inerentes à separação, no final do século XIX e início do século XX, entre o passado pré-conquista e o recém-rotulado período colonial, bem como a aderência simultânea ao termo “pré-colombiano”. Outros ensaios dedicam olhar atento à relação presente e futura da história da arte com a arqueologia e estudos interdisciplinares dentro do campo, que é definida em parte por sua dependência ou ceticismo em relação à iconografia. Enquanto os acadêmicos lutam nesses ensaios com as implicações de um mercado de trabalho em declínio, os curadores de museus lutam com recursos limitados. No entanto, são propostas possíveis novas estratégias e oportunidades para o futuro, incluindo o envolvimento futuro com questões levantadas pelo crescente interesse na decolonialidade e na indigeneidade global.
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Fernandez, Maria P., Gebbiena M. Bron, Pallavi A. Kache, Scott R. Larson, Adam Maus, David Gustafson Jr, Jean I. Tsao, Lyric C. Bartholomay, Susan M. Paskewitz und Maria A. Diuk-Wasser. „Usability and Feasibility of a Smartphone App to Assess Human Behavioral Factors Associated with Tick Exposure (The Tick App): Quantitative and Qualitative Study“. JMIR mHealth and uHealth 7, Nr. 10 (24.10.2019): e14769. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14769.
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Background Mobile health (mHealth) technology takes advantage of smartphone features to turn them into research tools, with the potential to reach a larger section of the population in a cost-effective manner, compared with traditional epidemiological methods. Although mHealth apps have been widely implemented in chronic diseases and psychology, their potential use in the research of vector-borne diseases has not yet been fully exploited. Objective This study aimed to assess the usability and feasibility of The Tick App, the first tick research–focused app in the United States. Methods The Tick App was designed as a survey tool to collect data on human behaviors and movements associated with tick exposure while engaging users in tick identification and reporting. It consists of an enrollment survey to identify general risk factors, daily surveys to collect data on human activities and tick encounters (Tick Diaries), a survey to enter the details of tick encounters coupled with tick identification services provided by the research team (Report a Tick), and educational material. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, we evaluated the enrollment strategy (passive vs active), the user profile, location, longitudinal use of its features, and users’ feedback. Results Between May and September 2018, 1468 adult users enrolled in the app. The Tick App users were equally represented across genders and evenly distributed across age groups. Most users owned a pet (65.94%, 962/1459; P<.001), did frequent outdoor activities (recreational or peridomestic; 75.24%, 1094/1454; P<.001 and 64.58%, 941/1457; P<.001, respectively), and lived in the Midwest (56.55%, 824/1457) and Northeast (33.0%, 481/1457) regions in the United States, more specifically in Wisconsin, southern New York, and New Jersey. Users lived more frequently in high-incidence counties for Lyme disease (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 3.5, 95% CI 1.8-7.2; P<.001) and in counties with cases recently increasing (IRR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.2; P=.03). Recurring users (49.25%, 723/1468) had a similar demographic profile to all users but participated in outdoor activities more frequently (80.5%, 575/714; P<.01). The number of Tick Diaries submitted per user (median 2, interquartile range [IQR] 1-11) was higher for older age groups (aged >55 years; IRR 3.4, 95% CI 1.5-7.6; P<.001) and lower in the Northeast (IRR[NE] 0.4, 95% CI 0.3-0.7; P<.001), whereas the number of tick reports (median 1, IQR 1-2) increased with the frequency of outdoor activities (IRR 1.5, 95% CI 1.3-1.8; P<.001). Conclusions This assessment allowed us to identify what fraction of the population used The Tick App and how it was used during a pilot phase. This information will be used to improve future iterations of The Tick App and tailor potential tick prevention interventions to the users’ characteristics.
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Khan, Mobashwir, Anurag Komanduri, Kalin Pacheco, Cemal Ayvalik, Kimon Proussaloglou, James J. Brogan, Mark McCourt und Ryan Mak. „Findings from the California Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, Nr. 11 (13.06.2019): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119849400.
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This paper describes the findings from the California Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey (CA-VIUS) which was administered between June 2016 and January 2018 and obtained data from a total of 11,118 fleets and 14,790 trucks. The surveys were segmented by registration, geography, vehicle type, and vehicle age, and the data collection effort exceeded sampling targets across almost all segments. The CA-VIUS is the largest statewide commercial vehicle data collection effort in the United States and will replace the 2002 National VIUS in transportation planning and emissions studies throughout California. Currently, the wealth of information provided by the survey is supporting the development of the California Statewide Freight Forecasting Model which is a fine-grained behavioral freight model. This model will allow California Department of Transportation and its partners to make more informed infrastructure and operational investment decisions. The CA-VIUS data will also be useful for researchers and practitioners hoping to understand the impacts and benefits of commercial vehicle movements on air quality, economic activity, safety, and vehicle usage. This paper documents key sampling and survey approaches, but mainly focuses on the key findings observed in the survey. This is a practical paper geared towards practitioners who are seeking to analyze a new VIUS survey and those who wish to implement one of their own.
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Vasunia, Phiroze. „The Comparative Study of Empires“. Journal of Roman Studies 101 (24.05.2011): 222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0075435811000086.
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On the basis of a random sample of English-language internet websites about empires, we can now formulate the first law of comparative imperialisms as follows: as an online discussion of empire grows longer, the probability of a comparison involving the Roman Empire approaches 1. (This is a variant of the general law that states that ‘as an online discussion grows longer, the probability of a comparison involving Nazis or Hitler approaches 1’.) The comparative study of empires is thriving, and the recent intensity of interest is connected, at least in part, to the international military interventions of the United States. But comparisons between empires are nothing new, and, in the 1960s, Peter Brunt wrote an insightful article on British and Roman imperialism. That analysis was the product of the age of decolonization, an age which also acted as a spur to comparative approaches within classical scholarship: witness Nicole Loraux's suggestion that it was anti-colonial movements associated with the Algerian and Vietnam wars that led Jean-Pierre Vernant to embark on his series of comparative investigations into Greek thought and religion. Brunt's article was written in a retrospective key at a time when it was possible to look back to the completion, or the near completion, of a major period of European colonialism and arrive at a sort of reckoning. Some two generations prior to Brunt, in the early twentieth century and at the apogee of the British Empire, Lord Cromer delivered an address to the Classical Association on ‘Ancient and Modern Imperialism’ in which he found it unimaginable to think of independence for Britain's overseas colonies. Francis Haverfield responded sympathetically to Cromer and in his own writings associated the British and the Roman empires. Any discussion of comparative imperialisms, therefore, will need to consider not just the recent concentration of debates over empire but also a lengthy trajectory that extends back to Cromer and Haverfield and indeed further beyond into the eighteenth century. None of the books under review reflects in detail on the intellectual history in which they may be situated, but this is a subject that at least needs to be acknowledged and that we shall have occasion to return to later.
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Mehler, Barry. „Foundation for fascism: The new eugenics movement in the United States“. Patterns of Prejudice 23, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1989): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0031322x.1989.9970026.
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Engs, Ruth C. „Resurgence of a New “Clean Living” Movement in the United States“. Journal of School Health 61, Nr. 4 (April 1991): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1991.tb01198.x.
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Clear, Todd R., und Patricia L. Hardyman. „The New Intensive Supervision Movement“. Crime & Delinquency 36, Nr. 1 (Januar 1990): 42–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128790036001004.
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In the face of severe institutional crowding across the United States, the 1980s has seen a revitalization of probation and parole through reliance on intensive supervision programs (ISPs). The ISPs of the 1980s are different from their predecessors of two decades earlier. Experiences with the new ISP movement identifies four areas of concern: stated goals may be difficult to achieve, confusion exists in the identification of appropriate target groups, supervision methods may be inappropriate to some clients, and the operating contexts are sometimes hostile to the ISP movement.
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Champagne, Audrey. „Science Education in the United States of America“. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 3, Nr. 1 (15.11.1997): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v3i1.43.
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Science education in the United States of America is in the midst of an unprecedented reform movement-unprecedented because the movement is driven by national standards developed with support from the federal government. The standards for science education are redefining the character of science education from kindergarten to the postgraduate education of scientists and science teachers. The theme permeating the new-vision science education is science literacy for all.
Science education is in a state of ferment, making it difficult to characterize the practice of science education in the United States. Because the federal government has no authority to control science education, the practice of science education across the nation has a history of great variability. The national standards provide a coherent vision for what should be. Were the vision realized, all students would have equal opportunity to learn science. However, economic, political, human, and cultural factors are making the achievement of the vision a challenge.
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Soule, Sarah, und Jennifer Earl. „A Movement Society Evaluated: Collective Protest in The United States, 1960-1986“. Mobilization: An International Quarterly 10, Nr. 3 (01.10.2005): 345–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.10.3.730350353753l022.
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In an attempt to make sense of shifts in the social movement sector and its relationship to conventional politics over the past forty years, some have proposed that Western nations are increasingly becoming "movement societies." Accordingly, there are four key characteristics of the movement society: (1) over time expansion of protest; (2) over time diffusion of protest; (3) over time institutionalization of protest; and (4) over time institutionalization of state responses to protest. Using newly available data on over 19,000 protest events occurring in the U.S. between 1960 and 1986, we evaluate these four claims. Our findings suggest that movement society scholars are correct in some respects: the size of protest events has grown over time, the percentage of events at which at least one social movement organization is present has increased over time, the number of distinct protest claims has increased over time, and violent forms of protest policing have decreased over time. However, our findings call into question other movement society claims: the number of protests has declined over time, fewer organizations were present at each protest event over time, fewer new groups initiated events over time, fewer new claims emerged over time, and there was more significant activity by groups on the right in the 1960s and 1970s than expected. We suggest potential explanations for some of the negative findings in an attempt to refine the movement society arguments.
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Lovell, George. „The Ambiguities of Labor's Legislative Reforms in New York State in the Late Nineteenth Century“. Studies in American Political Development 8, Nr. 1 (1994): 81–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x00000067.
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Recently, Victoria Hattam and William Forbath have separately defended new explanations of the development of the distinctive, relatively apolitical labor movement in the United States. Their explanations differ from earlier accounts that saw the failure of socialism in the United States as the result of either the distinctive liberal tradition in the United States or of ethnic and other divisions within the working class. Their alternative view is that distinctive structural features of the U.S. state – in particular, the independent judiciary – played a decisive role in shaping the development of the labor movement. This paper questions some of the shared assumptions of these new accounts, focusing on Victoria Hattam's recent book,Labor Visions and State Power. Without denying that the judiciary played an important role in the development of the U.S. labor movement, I want to suggest a different account of the relationship between the judiciary and the legislative and executive branches.
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Maclean, Mairi, Charles Harvey, Ruomei Yang und Frank Mueller. „Elite philanthropy in the United States and United Kingdom in the new age of inequalities“. International Journal of Management Reviews 23, Nr. 3 (21.02.2021): 330–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12247.
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Bicehouse, Vaughn, und Jean Faieta. „IDEA At Age Forty: Weathering Common Core Standards And Data Driven Decision Making“. Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER) 10, Nr. 1 (22.12.2016): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/cier.v10i1.9878.
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Special education, a discipline that aims to provide specialized instruction to meet the unique needs of each child with a disability, has turned 40 years old in the United States. Ever since the passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (P.L. 94-142) in 1975, every state has been directed to provide a free and appropriate education for all students with disabilities (Gallagher, 2000; Rothstein, 1995). The focus of this paper is to revisit the foundations of the special education movement in the United States to show how special education has progressed since 1975. The current Race to the Top movement impacts school districts across the nation, creating great concern about what this means for students with disabilities and how it affects their struggle to succeed within the public school domain. In fact, after 40 years, (P.L. 94-142) known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, IDEA, is the current high stakes standards and assessment climate taking the “special” out of special education?
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Crawford, Margaret. „Public Space Update. Report from the United States“. Journal of Public Space 1, Nr. 1 (18.10.2016): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/jps.v1i1.5.
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Like everything else in this large and disparate country, public space, as a movement and as a collection of physical places is highly varied and unequally distributed. Even so, over the last decade public space in both senses has moved to the forefront of American urbanism. In terms of academic debates, the narratives of decline that dominated discussions of public space since the 1990s have been replaced with expanded definitions of public space. The number of actual new public spaces, public events and support for them has grown exponentially over the last decade. These spaces continue to attract large numbers of people. For design professionals, this has meant new opportunities to connect their practices with the larger public realm. At the same time, however, critics have raised important questions about their inclusivity and ability to promote genuine social interaction.
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Zachos, Louis G. „Paleocene echinoid faunas of the eastern United States“. Journal of Paleontology 91, Nr. 5 (10.05.2017): 1001–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2017.22.
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AbstractTwenty-one species of echinoid are reported from Paleocene rocks of the eastern United States along the outcrop belt from Texas to New Jersey. Six of these are strictly early Paleocene age (Danian), nine strictly late Paleocene age (Thanetian), five range throughout the Paleocene, and one previously reported Paleocene species (Diplodetus moscovensis) is most likely a Cretaceous species. Two new species are described, Salenia palmyra n. sp., from the Danian Clayton Formation in Alabama and Georgia, and Ova rancoca n. sp., from the Thanetian Vincentown Formation in New Jersey. One new species from the Clayton Formation in Mississippi, Arbaciella? sp., is left in open nomenclature.
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Waddington, Jeremy. „Introduction: trade unions and labour relations in the United States“. Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 7, Nr. 3 (August 2001): 396–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890100700305.
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This introductory article provides European readers with a succinct review of the organisation and activity of trade unions in the US. It also provides an analytical framework within which some of the strategic options available to US trade unions in the new millennium may be analysed. Three options are addressed: ‘reform for competitive advantage', ‘associational unionism’ and an adversarial ‘social-movement strategy'.
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El-Ojeili, Chamsy. „Age of the Void“. Counterfutures 8 (01.03.2020): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/cf.v8i0.6368.
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Review of Marco Revelli, The New Populism. A detailed account of the erosion of the liberal centre and the spread of populism across the United States, United Kingdom, and continental Europe.