Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Nepali Kabya“

The paper documents a Total 18 medicinal tree species belonging to 15 families within Padma Kanya Multiple Campus at Kathmandu district. The plants were surveyed through the direct visit of the field in different interval of time and identified their therapeutic values by using the help of secondary data such as available literatures and research papers. The plant parts most commonly used in medicine are roots, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, bark and whole plant. These plants are commonly used to cure diseases like cough, bronchitis, asthma, digestive problems and rheumatism etc. This study will be helpful to the students of this campus as a basic information for their research and practical works.

Objectives: The present study was conducted to determine the intestinal parasitosis among the school children of Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods: This study was carried out from February 2018 to May 2018. During the study, a total of 194 stool samples were collected from school going children of age above 5 years to below 15 years old and processed in Padma Kanya microbiology laboratory. The detection technique used for the parasites was concentration technique (Formal-ether Sedimentation method) and iodine mount was used for slide preparation. Data were entered into SPSS and analysis was done employing Chi square test. Result: Among 194 total cases, 12.4% (24/194) children were infected with parasites where female were highly infected (70.8%) and children of age group 9-11 were highly infected (58.3%).Parasitic infection was high in non-vegetarian children (83.3%) than vegetarian, symptomatic cases (66.7%, 16/24) than asymptomatic cases, public school (66.7%, 16/24) compared with private school, higher in children who don’t wash hands with soap before meal (87.5%) than who wash hands before meal and in children not taking anti helminthic drugs (95.8%) than children taking anti-helminthic drugs recently within six months. Further, children using direct tap water for drinking purpose were highly infected than others. Conclusion: The parasitic infection among school children was found closely related to their health hygiene, sanitary condition, water consumption and other activities.

Tulisan ini berjudul tentang Pemikiran dan Pengabdian H. Asnawi Mangku Alam di Sumatera Selatan Tahun 1921-2001. Dalam penulisan ini memenjelaskan tentang biografi mengenai kehidupan sosial, lingkungan, dan pendidikan, serta pemikiran dan pengabdian tokoh H. Asnawi Mangku Alam. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode sejarah, dengan tahapan heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, historiografi. Adapun teori yang digunakan adalah teori pertukaran sosial di kemukakan oleh George Casper Homans dan teori habitus dikemukakan oleh Pierre Bourdieu. H. Asnawi Mangku Alam merupakan tokoh lokal dari Sumatera Selatan yang memiliki kontribusi besar untuk kemerdekaan. Pasca menempuh pendidikan, ia mengabdikan diri untuk terlibat aktif dibidang militer dan berperan dalam perjuangan mempertahankan kemerdekaan Indonesia didaerah Palembang dan Komering pada tahun 1947. Selain sebagai gubernur, Asnawi Mangku Alam juga pernah menjadi Duta Besar unutuk negara Birma dan Nepal. Penulis menguraikan ada tiga bidang kontribusi dari pemikiran H. Asnawi Mangku Alam ketika diangkat menjadi gubernur Sumatera Selatan pada tahun 1968-1978, yaitu bidang agama, ekonomi, dan politik. Adapun beberapa karya tulis H. Asnawi Mangku Alam dan selanjutnya penulis jadikan sumber dalam penulisan. Diantaranya ialah Kumpulan Dakwah, Kumpulan khotbah, Anak Petani Menjadi Gubernur, Perang kota 120 jam di Palembang, Padamu Terletak Laitaul Qadar, Cita dan Karya, serta Pesan dan Kesan.

This study investigates the implementation of classroom management at Kanya-CO Education Secondary School Nepal. The investigation covers six points to discuss: the management of the physical environment, learning, procedures and rules, discipline problems, relationships, also voice and body language. Each of these has some characteristics that are compared to those of the classroom observed.The research is categorized as qualitative in nature. It gains the data through video observation showing English teaching and learning process with approximately 40 students. The data are then analyzed based on the criteria aforementioned. Overall, the teacher has applied the postulates thoroughly. However, some weaknesses related to the management of the physical environment, learning, and relationships keep remaining. Accordingly, the paper also provides the suggestions to consider as the teaching and learning process improvement exertion.

Tulisan ini hendak melihat kembali pelaksanan upacara Nyepi bagi masyarakat Hindu yang notabene hidup di Kota Kendari, sebuah kota yang bukan Bali, bukan India dan bukan pula Nepal, dua negara dan satu propinsi ini merupakan basis pemeluk agama Hindu. Artinya tentu banyak hal yang secara rinci tidak sama persis dengan pelaksanaan nyepi di Bali, India, dan Nepal. Desain atau kemasan upacara, tata cara, dan tempat ibadahnya berbeda, namun Tuhan yang dipuja adalah sama. Pelaksanaan upacara nyepi secara substansi dapat dikatakan sama karena pada hakikatnya lakon catur brata: amati geni, amati karya, amati lelungan, dan amati lelanguan. Penelitian ini fokus pada kegiatan Nyepi di Pura Penataran Agung Jagadhita Kendari, selain sebagai satu satunya Pura terbesar di Sulawesi Tenggara, juga terletak di tengah-tengah kota Kendari. Kegiatan Nyepi bagi umat Hindu di Kota Kendari, yang tergabung dalam peguyuban Banjar Sindhu Merta kota Kendari untuk tahun saka 1940 atau tahun 2018 dengan pelaksanaan melasti (upacara penyucian) dilakukan di Pura, karena berdasarkan program kegiatan dilaksanakan dua tahun sekali dan genap tahun depan dilaksankan di laut. Proses mensucikan atau membersihkan melalui kegiatan melasti di laut ataupun hanya dilakukan di Pura melalui ngebejian memiliki makna yang sama yakni untuk membersihkan bhuana agung (alam semesta) dan bhuanaalit (manusia) sebagai persiapan untuk menyambut datangnya tahun baru saka/nyepi. Pelaksanaan hari raya Nyepi adalah sebuah lelakon bagi umat Hindu (Hinduisme) dengan bentuk melakukan puasa dari jam 06.00 sampai jam 06.00 hari berikutnya dengan tetap mengindahkan hal-hal yang tidak boleh dikerjakan atau puasa pada 4 (empat) hal: amati geni, amati karya, amati lelungan, dan amati lelanguan. Kata Kunci: Upacara, Pura, Hari Raya Nyepi,Keberagaman. RICH UPNAMIC HOSTAYS AS A DIVERSE SEEKING EQUIPMENT (Study At Pura Penataran Agung Jagadhita Kendari Southeast Sulawesi) This paper is about to see the implementation of the Nyepi ceremony for the Hindu community who live in Kendari City, a city that is not Bali, neither India nor Nepal, these two countries and one province are the basis of Hindu religion. This means that many things are not exactly in the same detail as the implementation of Nyepi in Bali, India, and Nepal. The design or packaging of ceremonies, ordinances, and places of worship are different, but the worshiped God is the same. The implementation of the nyepi ceremony can be substantially the same because in essence the chess brata: observe geni, observe the work, observe the war, and observe the auction. This research focuses on Nyepi activities at Pura Penataran Agung Jagadhita Kendari, in addition to being the single largest Pura in Southeast Sulawesi, also located in the middle of Kendari city. Nyepi activity for Hindus in Kendari City, which is incorporated in Peguyuban Banjar Sindhu Merta Kendari city for the year 1940 or saga year 2018 with the implementation of melasti (purification ceremony) conducted at Pura, because based on the activity program is held every two years and even next year is done in sea. The process of purifying or cleansing through melasti activities at sea or only done in temples through ngebejian has the same meaning that is to clean the great bhuana (universe) and bhuanaalit (human) as preparation to welcome the coming new year saka / nyepi. The day of Nyepi is a Hindu (Hinduism) act with the form of fasting from 06.00 to 06.00 on the following day, keeping in mind the things that should not be done or fasting in 4 (four) things: observe geni, observe the work, observe the siege, and observe the auction. Keywords: Ceremony, Pura, Hari Raya Nyepi, Diversity.

Objectives: To evaluate the enzymatic and antimicrobial efficacy of enzyme from garbage produced from different fruits and vegetable wastes. Methods: This study was conducted from October-2018 to February-2019 in the laboratory of Padma Kanya Multiple College, Bagbazar, Kathmandu, Nepal. This study was carried for production, analysis of enzymatic and antimicrobial efficacy by using yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae) and bacteria (Bacillus species) in 5 fruits peels, Mosambi (Citrus limetta), Pomegranate (Punica granatum), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Papaya (Carica papaya) and mixed fruits collected from fresh fruit stall and vegetable peels collected from college’s hostel. The fermentation mixture was made in the ratio 1:3:10 (1 part brown sugar, 3 parts fruits/vegetable peels and 10 parts water) and left for 3 months for fermentation. Results: After fermentation, enzyme activity (amylase, protease, caseinase, cellulase and lipase) and antimicrobial efficacy (S. aureus, S. aureus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus spp, Salmonella Typhi, E. coli, E. coli (ATCC 25922), Shigella spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were analyzed. All the samples showed amylase and caseinase enzyme activity, only Pineapple (Ananascomosus), Papaya (Carica papaya) and Mixed fruit showed protease enzyme activity while only Pomegranate (Punicagranatum) showed lipase enzyme activity. In antimicrobial efficacy test, garbage enzyme produced from vegetable sample didn’t show antimicrobial activity with bacteria used except E. coli (ATCC 25922)and S. aureus (ATCC 25923). Similarly, garbage enzyme produced from Mixed fruit and Papaya (Carica papaya) didn’t show antimicrobial activity with Salmonella Typhi and S. aureus (ATCC 25923) respectively but garbage enzyme from other wastes showed antimicrobial activity with bacteria used in test. Conclusion: Different fruits and vegetables wastes showed different enzyme activity and antimicrobial activity.

The South Asian region itself is an area that has a history of people who aren’t free from conflict. This happens because disorganized of the diversity of society consisting of various races and religions. Islam which had triumphed in this region from the 8th century to the 18th century AD was enough to color the cultural life of the people of South Asia. This article aims to explain how the history and development of Muslim societies in South Asian countries from the Mughal Dynasty to the contemporary. The method used in this research is the historical research method, with the steps: 1) Heuristics or collection of sources collected through library research by searching for books, previous research journals and popular news sites that update on the situation of Muslims in the South Asian region; 2) Source Criticism, namely the activity of selecting sources based on their strengths; 3) Interpretation or research analysis stage; 4) historiography or the last stage of this research in the form of historical scientific writings. The results of the study show that countries such as India and Sri Lanka have quite complicated racial issues in their religious communities. Bangladesh, Afghanistan and Pakistan, which are Muslim-majority countries, are confused with their internal and political problems with India. The Maldives is able to become a good Muslim model country in the South Asian region, as well as good tolerance for Bhutan and Nepal which have Muslim minorities.Kawasan Asia Selatan sendiri merupakan wilayah yang memiliki sejarah masyarakat yang tak lepas dari konflik. Hal ini terjadi dikarenakan tidak terorganisir keberagaman masyarakat yang terdiri dari berbagai macam ras dan agama. Islam yang sempat berjaya di kawasan ini sejak abad ke-8 hingga abad ke-18 M cukup mewarnai corak kebudayaan kehidupan masyarakat Asia Selatan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana sejarah dan perkembangan masyarakat muslim di negara-negara Asia Selatan dari masa Dinasti Mughal hingga kontemporer. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian sejarah, dengan langkahnya: 1) Heuristik atau pengumpulan sumber yang dikumpulkan lewat studi pustaka dengan mencari buku-buku, jurnal penelitian terdahulu dan situs berita populer yang update mengenai situasi ummat Muslim di kawasan Asia Selatan; 2) Kritik Sumber yakni kegiatan menyeleksi sumber-sumber berdasarkan kekuatannya; 3) Interpretasi atau tahap analisis penelitian; 4) historiografi atau tahap terakhir penelitian ini berupa karya tulis ilmiah sejarah. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwasannya negara-negara seperti India dan Sri Lanka memiliki persoalan rasial yang cukup rumit dalam ummat beragamanya. Bangladesh, Afganistan dan Pakistan tang menjadi negara mayoritas muslim dipusingkan dengan persoalan internal negara dan politik mereka dengan India. Maladewa mampu menjadi negara percontohan muslim yang baik di kawasan Asia Selatan, serta toleransi yang bagus juga pada Bhutan dan Nepal yang memiliki kelompok minoritas muslim.

Although the sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution has been part of the endodontic arsenal for more than one century, current investigations have been unable to determine which NaOCl volume and concentration or which time of application are able to dissolve organic matter without weakening the dental structure during the phase of biomechanical preparation of the root canal. Thus, the objective of the present study was to conduct a systematic literature review with no restriction of publication year or language in order to resolve these questions. The search strategy included the following databases: PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov, and only in vivo human clinical trials were included in the final review. After the removal of duplicates, the systematic literature review yielded 3,717 articles. Of these, 3,685 were excluded after applying the exclusion criteria (ex vivo studies, animal studies, cell-culture studies, narrative review, and studies with no available full texts). A total of 32 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. After evaluating the full text, all articles were excluded for different reasons. No studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. This review was unable to answer what time of irrigation, concentration or volume of NaOCl solution can be of maximum effectiveness in endodontic treatment without producing significant changes in the mechanical properties of dentin. Thus, future human clinical studies are needed in order to resolve these questions.Descriptors: Endodontics; Sodium Hypochlorite; Review.ReferênciasSiqueira JF Jr, Guimarães-Pinto T, Rôças IN. Effects of chemomechanical preparation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and intracanal medication with calcium hydroxide on cultivable bacteria in infected root canals. J Endod. 2007;33(7):800-5.Brito PR, Souza LC, Machado de Oliveira JC, Alves FR, De-Deus G, Lopes HP et al. Comparison of the effectiveness of three irrigation techniques in reducing intracanal Enterococcus faecalis populations: an in vitro study. J Endod. 2009;35(10):1422-27.Baker NA, Eleazer PD, Averbach RE, Seltzer S. Scanning electron microscopic study of the efficacy of various irrigating solutions. J Endod. 1975; 1(4):127-35.Bystrom A, Happonen RP, Sjogren U, Sundqvist G. Healing of periapical lesions of pulpless teeth after endodontic treatment with controlled asepsis. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1987;3(2):58-63.Zehnder M. Root canal irrigants. J Endod. 2006; 32(5):389-98.Türkün M, Cengiz T. The effects of sodium hypochlorite and calcium hydroxide on tissue dissolution and root canal cleanliness. Inter Endod J. 1997;30(5):335-42.Naenni N, Thoma K, Zehnder M. Soft tissue dissolution capacity of currently used and potential endodontic irrigants. J Endod. 2004; 30(11):785-87.Clarkson RM, Moule AJ, Podlich H, Kellaway R, Macfariane R, Lewis D. Dissolution of porcine incisor pulps in sodium hypochlorite solutions of varying compositions and concentrations. Aust Dent J. 2006;51(3):245-51.Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Favieri A, Lima KC. Chemomechanical reduction of the bacterial population in the root canal after instrumentation and irrigation with 1%, 2.5%, and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. J Endod. 2000;26(6):331-34.Gu LS, Huang XQ, Griffin B, Bergeron BR, Pashley DH, Niu LN et al. Primum non nocere - The effects of sodium hypochlorite on dentin as used in endodontics. Acta Biomater. 2017; 61:144-56.Barreto MS, Moraes Rdo A, Rosa RA, Moreira CH, Só MV, Bier CA. Vertical root fractures and dentin defects: effects of root canal preparation, filling, and mechanical cycling. J Endod. 2012; 38(8):1135-39.Chai H, Tamse A. The effect of isthmus on vertical root fracture in endodontically treated teeth. J Endod. 2015;41(9):1515-19.Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009;62(10):1006-12.Hand RE, Smith ML, Harrison JW. Analysis of the effect of dilution on the necrotic tissue dissolution property of sodium hypochlorite. J Endod. 1978;4(2):60-4.Thé SD. The solvent action of sodium hypochlorite on fixed and unfixed necrotic tissue. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1979;47(6):558-61.Ringel AM, Patterson SS, Newton CW, Miller CH, Mulhern JM. In vivo evaluation of chlorhexidine gluconate solution and sodium hypochlorite solution as root canal irrigants. J Endod.1982;8(5):200-4.Ercan E, Ozekinci T, Atakul F, Gül K. Antibacterial activity of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite in infected root canal: in vivo study. J Endod.2004;30(2):84-7.Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Paiva SS, Guimarães-Pinto T, Magalhães KM, Lima KC. Bacteriologic investigation of the effects of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine during the endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;104(1),122–30.Estrela C, Silva JA, de Alencar AH, Leles CR, Decurcio DA. Efficacy of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis--a systematic review. J Appl Oral Sci.2008;16(6):364-68.Fedorowicz Z, Sequeira P. Efficacy of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis--a systematic review. J Appl Oral Sci.2008;16(6):364-68.Gomes BP, Martinho FC, Vianna ME. Comparison of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine gel on oral bacterial lipopolysaccharide reduction from primarily infected root canals. J Endod; 2009;35(10):1350-53.Abbaszadegan A, Khayat A, Motamedifar M. Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of IKI and NaOCl irrigants in infected root canals: an in vivo study. Iran Endod J.2010;5(3):101-6.Bashetty K, Hegde J. Comparison of 2% chlorhexidine and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite irrigating solutions on postoperative pain: a randomized clinical trial. Indian J Dent Res.2010;21(4):523-27.Haapasalo M, Shen Y, Qian W, Gao Y. Irrigation in endodontics. Dent Clin North Am. 2010;54(2):291-312.Huffaker SK, Safavi K, Spangberg LS, Kaufman B. Influence of a passive sonic irrigation system on the elimination of bacteria from root canal systems: a clinical study. J Endod. 2010;36(8):1315-18.Kandaswamy D, Venkateshbabu N. Root canal irrigants. J cons dent.2010;13(4),256-64.Kaya S, Yiğit-Özer S, Adigüzel O. Evaluation of radicular dentin erosion and smear layer removal capacity of self-adjusting file using different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite as an initial irrigant. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol and Endod.2011;112(4):524-30.Paudel KR, Jaiswal A, Parajuli U, Bajracharya M. Different pharmacological solutions in intracanal irrigation. Nepal Med Coll J. 2011;13(2):111-14.Rôças IN, Siqueira JF Jr. Comparison of the in vivo antimicrobial effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine used as root canal irrigants: a molecular microbiology study. J Endod.2011;37(2):143-50.van der Vyver PJ, Botha FS, de Wet FA. Antimicrobial efficacy of nine different root canal irrigation solutions. SADJ. 2014;69(4):158-60,162-65.Beus C, Safavi K, Stratton J, Kaufman B (2012) Comparison of the effect of two endodontic irrigation protocols on the elimination of bacteria from root canal system: a prospective, randomized clinical trial. J Endod. 2012; 38(11):1479-83.Keenan AV. No evidence favouring one irrigant versus another in root canal treatments. Evid Based Dent.2012;13(4):107.Pawar R, Alqaied A, Safavi K, Boyko J, Kaufman B. Influence of an apical negative pressure irrigation system on bacterial elimination during endodontic therapy: a prospective randomized clinical study. J Endod.2012;38(9):1177–81.Cohenca N, Paranjpe A, Heilborn C, Johnson JD. Antimicrobial efficacy of two irrigation techniques in tapered and non-tapered canal preparations. A randomized controlled clinical trial. Quintessence Int. 2013;44(3):217-28.Guo X, Miao H, Li L, Zhang S, Zhou D, Lu Y, Wu L. Efficacy of four different irrigation techniques combined with 60 °C 3% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA in smear layer removal. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14:114.Mashalkar S, Pawar MG, Kolhe S, Jain DT. Comparative evaluation of root canal disinfection by conventional method and laser: an in vivo study. Niger J Clin Pract. 2014;17(1):67-74.Martins MR, Carvalho MF, Pina-Vaz I, Capelas JA, Martins MA, Gutknecht N. Outcome of Er,Cr:YSGG laser-assisted treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis: a blind randomized clinical trial. Photomed Laser Surg. 2014;32(1):3-9.Ma J, Tong Z, Ling J, Liu H, Wei X. The effects of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine irrigants on the antibacterial activities of alkaline media against Enterococcus faecalis. Arch Oral Biol.2015;60(7):1075-81.Podar R, Kulkarni GP, Dadu SS, Singh S, Singh SH. In vivo antimicrobial efficacy of 6% Morinda citrifolia, Azadirachta indica, and 3% sodium hypochlorite as root canal irrigants. Eur J Dent.2015;9(4):529-34.Arias-Moliz MT, Morago A, Ordinola-Zapata R, Ferrer-Luque CM, Ruiz-Linares M, Baca P. Effects of dentin debris on the antimicrobial properties of sodium hypochlorite and etidronic acid. J Endod. 2016;42(2):771-75.Rôças IN, Provenzano JC, Neves MA, Siqueira JF Jr. Disinfecting effects of rotary instrumentation with either 2.5% sodium hypochlorite or 2% chlorhexidine as the main irrigant: a randomized clinical study. J Endod. 2016;42(6):943–47.Kist S, Kollmuss M, Jung J, Schubert S, Hickel R, Huth KC. Comparison of ozone gas and sodium hypochlorite/chlorhexidine two-visit disinfection protocols in treating apical periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2017;21(4):995-1005.Nourzadeh M, Amini A, Fakoor F, Raoof M, Sharififar F. Comparative antimicrobial efficacy of Eucalyptus Galbie and Myrtus Communis L. extracts, chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus Faecalis. Iran Endod J.2017.12(2):205-10.Dakin HD. On the use of certain antiseptic substances in the treatment of infected wounds. Br Med J. 1915; 2(2852):318-20.Walker A. A definite and dependable therapy for pulpless teeth. J Am Dent Assoc. 1922;23(8):1418-25.Grossman LI. Irrigation of root canals. J Am Dent Assoc. 1943;30:1915-17.Bajaj D, Sundaram N, Nazari A, Arola D. Age, dehydration and fatigue crack growth in dentin. Biomaterials. 2006;27(11):2507-17.Kruzic JJ, Nalla RK, Kinney JH, Ritchie RO. Crack blunting, crack bridging and resistance-curve fracture mechanics in dentin: effect of hydration. Biomaterials. 2003;24(28):5209-21.Martins JNR, Marques D, Francisco H, Caramês J. Gender influence on the number of roots and root canal system configuration in human permanent teeth of a Portuguese subpopulation. Quintessence Int. 2018;49(2):103-11.Zehnder M, Schmidlin P, Sener B, Waltimo T. Chelation in root canal therapy reconsidered. J Endod. 2005;31(11):817-20.Marending M, Luder HU, Brunner TJ, Knecht S, Stark WJ, Zehnder M. Effect of sodium hypochlorite on human root dentine-mechanical, chemical and structural evaluation. Int Endod J. 2007;40(10):786-93.Aslantas EE, Buzoglu HD, Altundasar E, Serper A. Effect of EDTA, sodium hypochlorite, and chlorhexidine gluconate with or without surface modifiers on dentin microhardness. J Endod. 2014;40(6):876-79.Siqueira JF Jr, Machado AG, Silveira RM, Lopes HP, de Uzeda M. Evaluation of the effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite used with three irrigation methods in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis from the root canal, in vitro. Int Endod J. 1997;30(4):279-82.Hertel M, Sommer K, Kostka E, Imiolczyk SM, Ballout H, Preissner S. Outcomes of endodontic therapy comparing conventional sodium hypochlorite irrigation with passive ultrasonic irrigation using sodium hypochlorite and ethylenediaminetetraacetate. A retrospective analysis. Open Dent J. 2016;10:375-81.Soares JA, Pires Júnior DR. Influence of sodium hypochlorite-based irrigants on the susceptibility of intracanal microbiota to biomechanical preparation. Braz Dent J. 2006;17(4):310-6.