Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Nepal's economic relationship“

This study aims to investigate the intricate relationship between Nepal's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), total debt, and export. Nepal, as a developing nation, faces numerous economic challenges, making it imperative to understand the dynamics of these key economic indicators and their interrelation. This study applies quantitative research methods, including statistical analysis, to examine the long-term trends, patterns, and causal relationships among these variables. The research begins by providing an overview of Nepal's economic landscape, highlighting its reliance on export-oriented industries and the significant impact of external debt on the national economy. A thorough literature review is conducted to identify existing theories and empirical studies related to GDP, total debt, and export, providing a foundation for the subsequent analysis. The study employs time-series data provided by NRB database, covering a significant period of 1975 to 2020 AD, to construct a robust empirical framework. Various econometric techniques, such as correlation analysis, regression models, normality test, are applied to explore the relationship between Nepal's GDP, total debt, and export using EViews 10. The findings of the study contribute to a deeper understanding of the economic dynamics in Nepal. The results reveal important insights into the impact of total debt on GDP growth and the role of export in driving economic development. Furthermore, the study uncovers potential feedback effects and spillover mechanisms among these variables, providing policymakers with valuable information for formulating effective economic strategies and debt management policies. Overall, this study sheds light on the complex relationship between Nepal's GDP, total debt, and export, offering valuable insights into the country's economic performance.

Education serves as the foundation of human capital, enhancing productivity and innovation, and ultimately driving economic growth. This study aims to assess the relationship between public financing in education and Nepal's economic growth. Utilizing the ARDL error correction model with data spanning from 1982 to 2018, the findings indicate that public funding for education in Nepal negatively impacts long-term economic growth. In the short term, the enrollment of technical students at various institutions under Tribhuvan University also exhibits a negative association with Nepal's economic growth. The short-term setbacks may be attributed to the drain of technical expertise or insufficient investment in technical education, potentially impeding economic growth. Consequently, policymakers and stakeholders should prioritize technical education and domestic employability to foster sustainable economic growth in Nepal.

The study investigates the factors influencing foreign direct investment (FDI) and its sectoral distribution in the Nepalese economy, specifically examining the relationship and impact of FDI on sectors such as minerals, manufacturing, construction, energy, and services over a ten-year period from 2011/12 to 2020/21. Descriptive and correlational research design was employed in the annual time series data. The major findings reveal a positive correlation (correlation co-efficient of 0.668) between FDI and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), signifying a significant relationship. The study concludes that FDI has a substantial impact on Nepal's GDP. Additionally, sectoral FDI investments, including minerals, construction, energy, manufacturing, and services, also positively influence the country's GDP. The study suggests that despite Nepal's untapped FDI potential, implementation challenges, lengthy approval processes, and a service sector bias among investors hinder optimal exploitation of investment opportunities in other sectors with higher productivity.

This paper investigates the relationship between income tax revenue and GDP economic growth in Nepal from 2070 to 2079B.S. The study draws upon the Economic Survey of Nepal and the data produced by Nepal Rastra Bank. By employing a linear regression model, it reveals significant influence of income tax revenue on the progression of Nepal's GDP. Methodology involves meticulous data collection and comprehensive statistical analysis. The linear regression model serves as the primary analytical tool to discern the nature and magnitude of the impact of income tax revenue on GDP economic growth. It demonstrates a positive relationship between income tax revenue and GDP progression, implying that an increase in income tax revenue correlates with a corresponding rise in Nepal's economic growth. This outcome underscores the importance of effective tax policies and revenue collection mechanisms in fostering economic development and stability in the country. In conclusion, the empirical evidence presented here highlights the pivotal role of income tax revenue in shaping the country's economic trajectory, making it an important area for policy intervention and reform as Nepal navigates its path towards prosperity in the 21st century.

This paper deals with remittance and the economic growth of Nepal. Remittance is a significant source of the Nepalese economy. It is one of the critical sectors, and it has directly related to the immigration of people. This study aims to identify the relationship between Nepal's migration, remittance, and the economic growth. This paper is based on secondary sources of information. The Granger causality test examines the causality between remittance and economic growth of Nepal. The result of the Granger causality test shows that both the Nepalese people's entry and exit from the country are significant for the economic growth of Nepal. The remittance received from migrated people is significant for the economic growth of Nepal. The contribution of remittance to GDP has increased, and the poverty level has decreased over the years. The education sector has improved, and the development level is gradually increasing. Therefore, there is an urgent need for policies with a high priority on national interests for managing international migration (both emigration and immigration) and remittance. This implies that the policy maker should implement an appropriate policy to invest in capital formation. It may be conducive to the economic growth of Nepal.

This research provides a detailed examination of Nepal's economic growth, emphasizing the transition from agricultural to non-agricultural businesses, the adoption of policies to boost capital formation, and the macroeconomic challenges encountered. It identifies critical variables like the currency rate and technical advancements. The study aims to investigate the relationship between rising per capita GDP and the variables that impact it to uncover useful information about the forces that drive economic progress. Infrastructure development, human capital investment, political stability, macroeconomic stability, trade and investment, agricultural productivity, industrial development, natural resource management, financial inclusion, technological advancements, institutional quality, and global economic conditions are all important factors influencing Nepal's economic development. Their interdependent links have a considerable impact on the nation's economic trajectory, necessitating regular monitoring and evaluation. To ensure long-term and equitable economic development, policymakers must develop effective policies that include these complexities. Conducting a rigorous empirical inquiry is critical for understanding Nepal's unique situation and delivering policy recommendations. This study used an ex post facto research methodology to investigate the relationship between per capita GDP growth and numerous contributing factors.

This study examines macro and micro factors affecting Nepalese mutual fund results. This study used panel data from March 2016 to November 2022 to determine the success factors of Nepal's 16 mutual funds. Nepalese mutual funds' irregular performance is due to national economic conditions and individual fund peculiarities. This research analyzes the influence of economic events and fund attributes on the performance of Nepalese mutual funds by using risk-adjusted returns proposed by William Sharpe (1994). This research evaluated how macroeconomic and fund-factor changes affected Nepal's mutual funds. The results show a positive relationship between fund age, assets turnover ratio, fund size, and exchange rate. Liquidity is a non-factor in mutual fund performance, but growth in gross domestic product, inflation, interest rates, and the money supply (M2) all harm fund return. Managers of mutual funds are encouraged to follow the recommendations made in this study to keep their portfolios as diversified as possible.

Background: The relationship between interest rates, inflation, and non-performing loans on economic growth is debated in theoretical and empirical research. Hence, the study examines the effect of interest rate, inflation rate, and non-performing loans on the economic growth in Nepal. Methods: The paper incorporated quarterly data spanning nine years (2011-2019) and consisted of 972 observations. The study collected secondary data from the official websites of Nepal Rastra Bank and the Ministry of Finance, Nepal. The study used a panel cointegration test and random-effect models to examine the long-run relationship between predictor and response variables. Results: The impact of lending rate (LR) on economic growth is positive and statistically significant (β1 = 0.017, p < .01) in Nepal. Similarly, the coefficient of LNCPI (β2 = 0.687, p < .01) suggests that there is a positive relationship between the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The regression coefficient of CPI (β3 = -.001, p > .05) suggests that an increase in non-performing loans (NPL) led to a decrease in GDP. However, this relationship was not statistically significant for the Nepalese Economy. Conclusion: The study concludes that the interest and inflation rates positively affect Nepal's economic growth. The findings indicate that policymakers, such as Nepal Rastra Bank, should maintain interest rates at an appropriate level. Novelty: This study is novel because it thoroughly analyzes numerous observations over long periods to investigate the impacts of loan rates, inflation rates, and non-performing loans on economic growth in Nepal, improving its generalizability.

This paper explores the prospects of fostering equitable trilateral economic cooperation among the contiguous nations of Nepal, India, and China (NIC). The underlying concept advocates for an integrated framework termed the 'Nepal, India, and China Equitable Relation' (NICE Relation). The study endeavours to elucidate Nepal's economic diplomacy from a geographical standpoint, emphasizing the significance of fostering warm neighbourhood relationships. Its overarching objective is to optimize the existing operational modalities of immediate neighbourhoods and socio-economic activities among NIC partners. The potential cooperations have unveiled insights derived from the realms of Development Cooperation, Economic Geography, and Centre-Periphery ideologies. A trilateral alliance of this nature has been revealed to catalyse enhanced cooperation within the immediate neighbourhood, fostering mutual benefits and contributing to the overarching goals of 'Protection (security), Peace, and Prosperity (PPP)' in the broader Himalayan region shared by these neighbouring nations.

Despite causality debate, a number of empirical literatures (Pagano, 1993 and Levine, 1997, among others) suggest a positive relationship between financial sector development and economic growth. Moreover, there remains further debate whether the country's financial structure exerts differential impact on economic growth. Empirical studies across the countries (Rajan and Zingales, 1999 and Arestis et. al. 2004) suggest that banking sector plays a key role in some countries while the capital market has a lead position in others for enhancing economic growth. In this context, this paper investigates the relative merits of banking sector vs. capital market in promoting economic growth in Nepal. The empirical results using Johansen's cointegrating vector error correction model based on aggregate annual data from 1993/9 to 2010/11 suggest that banking sector plays a key role in promoting economic growth compared to capital market in Nepal. It may be either the size of capital market is too small to seek the relationship or it is weakly linked to real economic activities. Our result implies that the policy should focus on banking sector development by enhancing its quality and outreach as it promotes economic growth in Nepal.

ABSTRACT Aim: This study aims to ascertain how firms develop and maintain trust and the influences trust have in organizations. Method: This study was conducted through a qualitative research method with an inductive approach by using semi‐structured in‐depth interviews. Interviews were gathered from employees of an IT company in Nepal, Tech One Global Nepal Pvt Ltd. Furthermore, the content analysis method was used for the analysis of data collated. Findings and Conclusion: Trust is mainly gained through the combinatory effort of the trustor and the trustee. The six cues identified to develop trust within an organization include; communication, accountability, commitment, consistency, transparency, and confidentiality. To maintain trust, it is of the essence for parties to endeavor to improve on the factors which contributed to its development. It is also imperative systems, processes, corporate culture, and an enhanced level of communication that tracks and instills an attitude of excellence into the staff of organizations are promoted. Trust safeguards the operational and market performance of an organization and ensures a business is sustained into the future. Where there is a lack of trust, there would be a tendency for increased staff turnover and the virtual collapse of businesses. Contribution of the Study: This study contributes to the literature on organizational trust by differentiating developing trust from maintaining trust since developed trust has the tendency of converting to distrust if measures are not instituted to retain it. To this end, this study provides new theoretical insights by identifying additional factors, including accountability, transparency, and confidentiality required to develop trust. The study further adds to academic studies by recognizing enhancement in communication and the establishment of a corporate culture that instills an attitude of excellence in staff as a key means to maintain trust in organizations. Maintenance of trust which has been deserted in preceding studies is critical for individuals, organizations, and societies to maximize the benefits of trust. This study offers unique recommendations for businesses to improve their performances as it explicitly combines practical experiences with theories on trust. We created a model that is justified based on state-of-the-art concepts of trust Reflections on the study and Suggestions for Future Research: This study was conducted with a single IT company but can be enhanced when its scope is extended to cover different countries across different industries and cultures. Moreover, the study includes only the perspective of employees of the company. We believe that broader researches could be steered by including the perspectives of customers of organizations, partner organizations with whom companies collaborate with, and features of corporate products that enhance trust. Keywords: Trust, Relationship, Customers, Employees, Management.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1987.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-127).

From the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe’s resistance against the Dakota Access pipeline to the Nepalese Newar community’s protest of the Fast Track Road Project, Indigenous peoples around the world are standing up and speaking out against global capitalism to protect the land, water, and air. By reminding us of the fundamental importance of placing Indigenous politics, histories, and ontologies at the center of our social movements, Indigenous Resurgence positions environmental justice within historical, social, political, and economic contexts, exploring the troubling relationship between colonial and environmental violence and reframing climate change and environmental degradation through an anticolonial lens.

Economic activity is central to development zones and represents a core dynamic from which a host of other relationships radiate outwards. While economic logics consistently motivate and produce the development of such zones, the resultant activities are always much more than economic. That is, the development of development zones also sets in motion new configurations of political power and socio-spatial domination. Following this line of thinking, this chapter examines the proliferating development of new import-export dry ports in the Nepal-China borderlands to understand how geopolitical relationships are grounded, localised, and reconfigured through infrastructural projects. Taking Nepal’s post-disaster development landscape as both a point of departure and site of inquiry, I show that the making of development zones in post-disaster environments accomplishes interrelated objectives of state-led territorialisation and economic expansion across a range of social and spatial scales.

Providing banking services through digital platforms is an emerging channel of service delivery by commercial banks to their customers. especially in a developing country such as Nepal. However, this study aims to determine the customers' behavioral intention towards internet banking usage during COVID-19 in Kathmandu Valley. Data were evaluated quantitatively by using both descriptive and inferential statistics where questionnaire was deigned to collect the data and were entered in a KOBO Toolbox. SEM was used to analyze the relationships from 279 responses from Kathmandu Valley. Findings revealed perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness play a significant role in the behavioral intention towards internet banking during COVID-19, which fits TAM theory. Customers must experience better use of internet banking services without any interruptions, and a revolution in internet services is required in the Nepalese banking industry.

Governments in most of the nations aim to fulfil their requirements and protect themselves with the necessities of public life from the external threats, and also try to separate a significant portion for defense-related spending from the budget. But the impact of defense expenditures on economic growth is not apparent. It deserves an empirical investigation to explore the external effect of defense spending on the economic performance of the country. The authors choose six SAARC countries, namely Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, where defense-related issues regarding internal security as well as external relationships with neighbor countries are the most significant to examine the relationship between defense expenditures and economic performance measured by GDP growth. The method of GMM estimation is applied in a dynamic panel structure of selected countries over the period 1970-2016. Empirical findings show that, besides some possible factors, defense spending has a positive and significant impact on economic growth in SAARC member nations.

Abstract Important in the concept of autonomy is whether women are in control of their own lives—the extent to which they have an equal voice in matters affecting themselves and their families, control over material and other resources, access to knowledge and information, the authority to make independent decisions, freedom from constraints on physical mobility, and the ability to forge equitable power relationships within families. Unfortunately, these alternative dimensions of female autonomy have rarely been measured in empirical analyses. Analyses have tended to rely on such routinely used measures as education or economic activity profiles or marriage age—measures that are increasingly recognized to be inadequate proxies for these multifaceted dimensions of women’s autonomy (see for example, Mason et al., 1995). Not only have few studies measured these dimensions of autonomy empirically, few have measured them in different cultural contexts. Exceptions include Basu’s (1992) study comparing North and South Indian women residing in the same Delhi slum, and Morgan and Niraula’s (1995) study in Nepal; both studies observe notable contextual effects on a variety of dimensions of their autonomy.

Throughout all periods, the significance of ecosystems' biodiversity and the strategies employed in their management has consistently remained important for those engaged in the study of nature. Within the pages of this book, readers will encounter an in-depth exploration of these facets, delivered from a professional perspective. The brilliant curator of this anthology, Dr. Hasrat Arjjumend, takes readers on a trip that skilfully combines the wonders of nature with human cunning. This book would not be possible without the combined efforts of many people, to whom we are sincerely grateful. Scholars, writers, and experts have kindly contributed their knowledge, improving our understanding of alpine ecosystems. We especially thank the peer reviewers whose thorough assessments guaranteed the academic integrity of every chapter. We would like to express our gratitude to the editorial and production teams for their hard work in creating and perfecting this manuscript. Heading innovative programs like the Summer Field School on Mountain Ecosystems & Resources Management, Dr. Hasrat Arjjumend is the Founder, President, and CEO of The Grassroots Institute, demonstrating a dedication to international cooperation and information sharing. Dr. Sining Zhang, an assistant professor at Southwest Jiaotong University in China, addresses the intricate issues at the nexus of urban and natural ecosystems by doing research on landscape planning, design, ecosystem services, and climate adaptation. This book is a rich tapestry that integrates practical resource management applications with theoretical underpinnings. With its distinct perspectives, approaches, and case studies, every chapter makes a substantial contribution to our understanding of mountain ecosystems as a whole. The first portions introduce the topic and set the stage for talks about mountain ecosystems and the complex interactions between human activity and environmental protection. The parts that follow provide in-depth analyses, delving into concepts, classifications, and relationships between ecosystem services and landscape services in order to lay the groundwork for future discussions. In order to facilitate a fuller understanding of the fragile balance between human activity and the natural world in mountainous regions, readers are invited to immerse themselves in the richness of knowledge offered by contributing authors. The goal of this book is to further current debates, facilitate decision-making, and stimulate fresh lines of inquiry into the sustainable management of mountain ecosystems. In this chapter "Mountain Biodiversity in Romania," Daniela Antonescu, a specialist at the Romanian Academy's Centre of Mountain Economy at the National Institute of Economic Research, explains the vital connection between biodiversity and mountainous regions. Every chapter presents a different angle that deepens our understanding of these crucial settings. The editor, Dr. Hasrat Arjjumend, has put together a collection that will be an invaluable resource for academics, policymakers, and anybody with a keen interest in the delicate balance that exists between human activity and the preservation of biodiversity in the mountains. Alone like majestic sentinels, mountain ecosystems shape landscapes and have an impact on the basic building blocks of life. "Navigating the Peaks" explores the complex interrelationship between biodiversity and mountains, explaining the difficulties these magnificent regions encounter and offering solutions for their preservation. Mountains, which make up around 25% of the planet's surface, are thriving hubs of life that sustain a wide range of plant and animal species as well as human communities. We must face the devastating fact that these unique ecosystems are being threatened by a variety of man-made stressors as we investigate the intricacies of mountain biodiversity. The purpose of this book is to provide light on the difficulties that mountain biodiversity faces. We piece together the complex web of interactions between human activities and delicate alpine ecosystems via painstaking research. Every chapter functions as a lens, concentrating on certain problems like the effects of mining, forestry, agriculture, tourism, and climate change. But our story is not depressing; rather, it is an appeal to action. We outline conservation strategies based on moral development, environmentally sound practices, and global collaboration within these pages. Given the interconnectedness of mountain regions, a comprehensive plan that crosses national lines and involves local populations in the protection of their natural heritage is imperative. We extend our gratitude for your insightful feedback, a catalyst in refining "Navigating the Peaks" to offer a more inclusive and nuanced portrayal of our distinctive global landscapes. Embarking on the expedition delineated in “Navigating the Peaks”, we intricately explore the folds of untamed landscapes and seek shelter under the protective canopies of ancient forests. This undertaking constitutes a comprehensive inquiry, elucidating the intricate interplay between wildlife and human engagement within mountainous terrains. The ensuing chapters unfurl a myriad of narratives that collectively form a vibrant tapestry, revealing the diverse ecosystems characterizing our continent. Notably, the scenic landscapes of Asian nations, including China, India, and Nepal, are progressively garnering heightened attention. The narrative evolves through a meticulous examination of these regions, where dedicated chapters delve into their distinctive attributes. Acknowledging the importance of a global perspective, we ensure the prominence of Asia in the narrative while also appreciating the broader context. Two chapters are dedicated to the captivating highland vistas of Africa, adding a layer of intricacy to the overall narrative. Europe, with a particular focus on the Carpathians, sustains a comprehensive and profound representation. The Carpathians, the protectors of Romania's and Ukraine’s landscapes, need special attention where a wide variety of species live in a patchwork of ecosystems that echo the ages-old murmurs of the natural world. We examine the steps and initiatives made to protect these priceless ecosystems, realizing the intricate relationship between sustainable development and conservation. We are constantly reminded as we go through the book of how vital it is to safeguard and maintain these natural treasures. These breathtaking landscapes bear the scars of climate change as well as the marks left by human activity. However, these difficulties also present chances for cooperation and peaceful coexistence that will guarantee the survival of these essential ecosystems for future generations. This book is an investigation and a tribute to the mountains that influence the globe. It is an invitation to explore the unspoiled wilderness, to be in awe of life's tenacity, and to acknowledge our common duty to preserve the complex network of biodiversity that adorns the mountains of Europe and Asia. I hope that reading these pages will inspire a love of the environment, a dedication to sustainable living, and a profound respect for the wonders of our alpine regions. May this book be a resource for comprehending, valuing, and protecting the distinctive ecosystems that adorn the lofty summits of our planet. I invite readers to delve into the following chapters, where experts from around the world contribute their knowledge to unravel the complexities of mountain ecosystems and resources management. Together, we navigate a terrain where ecological sensitivity meets the demands of human development, seeking sustainable pathways for the future.

Purpose – the purpose of this paper is to investigate whether supply line engineering strategies of goods and service exports, exports transport services and export time have a significant impact on GDP growth of BIMSTEC countries or not. Research methodology – the study employed a panel vector error correction model (VECM) instead of loose VAR to examine the short and long-run relationship among the selected indicators and GDP growth. Findings – in the long-run, the time of export negatively and suggestively associate with GDP. Conversely, VECM based Granger causality test signposted that in short-run only unidirectional causality running from goods and service exports (GSE), trade duration like exports time (ET) toward GDP and for the rest of the variables no causality found. Research limitations – this study is contextualized only on Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand. Practical implications – to investigate the current position of the link between supply line logistics strategies and economic growth by using annual data for the period of 1980 to 2014 and possible weaknesses and logistics presence. Originality/Value – this paper is an attempt, first of its kind, to fill up this shortfall, to estimate the relationship of exports transport services, exports time, and goods and services exports with GDP growth of BIMSTEC countries.

The Child Labour: Action-Research-Innovation in South and South-Eastern Asia (CLARISSA) programme aims to understand the dynamics that are central to running a business in the informal economy of Nepal’s adult entertainment sector, and explore how and why the worst forms of child labour (WFCL) become a feature of business operations. This research paper explores the findings from semi-structured interviews conducted with business owners operating spa and massage parlours, khaja ghars (snack shops), cabin/hostess bars, dance bars, and dohoris (folk-dance bars) in Kathmandu. It explores business owners’ perspectives on the day-to-day running of their businesses; the risks and stressors they face; their aspirations and motivations; and, where possible, their rationale for working with children, and the types of relationships they have with them. In addition to generating business-level evidence, the research provided evidence on a series of three business owner-led Action Research Groups, which began in February 2022 and continued until September 2023. These groups have generated theories of change, and will test and evaluate solutions to shift the system away from WFCL.