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1
Youssef, Karim. „Rethinking Neighbourhood Cohesion in the Suburbs: Insights from Communities in Calgary“. Canadian Planning and Policy / Aménagement et politique au Canada 2020 (01.10.2020): 20–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/cpp-apc.v2020i0.13445.
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Neighbourhood cohesion is a desirable outcome of socially sustainable communities. However, such an outcome is not necessarily associated with suburban master-planned communities. This empirical research measures affective and interactive dimensions of neighbourhood cohesion and their correlations with residents’ perception of neighbourhood uniqueness. Using qualitative and quantitative methods, it considers the physical and social attributes of two suburban neighbourhoods in Calgary to provide an in-depth interpretation of similarities and differences in neighbourhood cohesion. The findings address an important aspect of community planning associated with the attractiveness of semi-gated suburban living in low-density developments embedded in the natural environment.
Keywords: neighbourhood cohesion, semi-gated suburb, sense of community, community planning, uniqueness
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Barton, Tina. „Conditions for economic prosperity: transforming residential neighbourhoods“. Papers in Canadian Economic Development 17 (16.09.2017): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/pced.v17i0.77.
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In every city there are stories of neighbourhood successes and failures. Why do some neighbourhoods excel at attracting and sustaining economic activity, whereas others fail? What conditions would best assist a neighbourhood in enhancing its economic prosperity? This paper examines the connection between transit-oriented development and economic impact, with a comparison of bus versus light-rail transit implications. “Complete streets” and mixed-use models of development, evolving lifestyle preferences, and related opportunities for community economic development are explored. Communities, municipalities and neighbourhood business associations can draw upon these models, practices and strategic considerations to guide their planning for future economic success.Keywords: Suburban economic development, neighbourhood revitalization, transit-oriented development, mixed-use neighbourhoods, community placemaking
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Laurence, James. „Wider-community Segregation and the Effect of Neighbourhood Ethnic Diversity on Social Capital: An Investigation into Intra-Neighbourhood Trust in Great Britain and London“. Sociology 51, Nr. 5 (10.05.2016): 1011–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038516641867.
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Extensive research has demonstrated that neighbourhood ethnic diversity is negatively associated with intra-neighbourhood social capital. This study explores the role of segregation and integration in this relationship. To do so it applies three-level hierarchical linear models to two sets of data from across Great Britain and within London, and examines how segregation across the wider-community in which a neighbourhood is nested impacts trust amongst neighbours. This study replicates the increasingly ubiquitous finding that neighbourhood diversity is negatively associated with neighbour-trust. However, we demonstrate that this relationship is highly dependent on the level of segregation across the wider-community in which a neighbourhood is nested. Increasing neighbourhood diversity only negatively impacts neighbour-trust when nested in more segregated wider-communities. Individuals living in diverse neighbourhoods nested within integrated wider-communities experience no trust-penalty. These findings show that segregation plays a critical role in the neighbourhood diversity/trust relationship, and that its absence from the literature biases our understanding of how ethnic diversity affects social cohesion.
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Dikmans, Bas, Sarah Dury, Toon Vercauteren und Ingrid Pecquet. „Old but not out: Practical and theoretical implications for a caring and compassionate neighbourhood through civic engagement in later life“. International Journal of Integrated Care 23, S1 (28.12.2023): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23363.
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Background: The importance of civic engagement for caring and compassionate neighbourhoods is often overlooked in public and academic debate. Especially, civic engagement in later life in neighbourhoods is understudied. Research on this topic can shed light on the various obstacles and enablers that can stimulate or hinder civic engagement in later life at the local level.
Aim: This workshop gives insight into the processes of in- or exclusion of civic engagement in later life at a neighbourhood level. Additionally, the goal is to stimulate reflection among participants about civic engagement in relation to caring neighbourhoods and compassionate communities and to jointly advance the state of knowledge.
Participants: This session is relevant for people who civically engage in their respective neighbourhoods, as well as for practitioners, civil servants, politicians, researchers, and others who are interested in stimulating and understanding civic engagement in later life at the neighbourhood level. Those who have no experience with the subject are also welcome.
Methods: The session starts with presentations of both researchers and a representative of a sociocultural organisation, to ensure both theoretical and practical coverage of the topic. Equipped with the background from the presentations, this workshop will continue by making personas to understand how a neighbourhood can create facilitators and barriers to civic engagement.
1.Introduction (10 min): The session starts with an introduction by prof. Dr. Sarah Dury about the meaning of compassionate and caring communities and how civic engagement activities like informal help and volunteering can play a role in it.
2.Three presentations (30 min):
1) The relationship of civic engagement in later life and the neighbourhood level (Toon Vercauteren, VUB): A presentation on how the neighbourhood interacts with civic engagement in later life with a focus on volunteering and informal helping behaviours.
2) Civic engagement in later life in a socially disadvantaged neighbourhood (Bas Dikmans, VUB): This presentation will focus on how the socially disadvantaged neighbourhood can pose obstacles to but also foster civic engagement in later life.
3) Practical examples of civic engagement in a socially disadvantaged neighbourhood in Schaerbeek (Ingrid Pecquet, Eva Bxl): Practical examples of civic engagement activities in later life that contribute to caring and compassionate communities will be presented.
3.Creating personas in groups (35 min): Together with the participants, we will construct personas, which are imaginary persons with characteristics and experiences of a particular group. In this workshop, we will focus on neighbourhood characteristics to understand how a neighbourhood can shape civic engagement in later life.
4.Plenary and closing session (15 min): The personas of each group will be briefly presented in the closing feedback round. The ideas generated during the session will be collected on a writing board that can be shared with the audience afterwards.
End goal: This workshop will inform participants about what civic engagement in later life can look like in a neighbourhood. It will discuss the challenges and opportunities that arise in its practical application linked to caring neighbourhoods and compassionate communities.
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Alade, Wale, und Abubakar Olaseni. „Travel Behaviour of the Elderly in Planned and Unplanned Communities of Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria“. Built Environment Journal 17, Nr. 1 (12.03.2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/bej.v17i1.9725.
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Interest in the study of travel behaviour of the elderly has been growing in the last two decades and many of the works done were concentrated in the global north. Evidence from literature reveals that most of these studies focus more on the impacts of individual and household socioeconomic attributes, urban form, travel attributes, and policy factors on the travel behaviour of the elderly, but less onthe influence of neighbourhood planning. This paper examined the travel behaviour of old people in Festac town (planned) and Ketu (unplanned) community of Lagos metropolis, southwest Nigeria to determine the influence of neighbourhood planning on travel pattern. The two neighbourhoods were carefully and purposively selected for collection of socio-economic and travel data through a structured questionnaire that was administered on 155 randomly selected elderly respondents. The study revealed significant differences and some similarities in respondents’ socio-economic and travel characteristics. Respondents from the planned community have a higher daily meantrip rate and mean trip time than those in unplanned community. Residents of the planned community also undertake higher work and social trips and rely on automobile more than those in unplanned community. Apart from the fact that the majority of respondents travel more during the off-peak period, frequent road congestion was reported as the top mobility challenge among respondents in the two neighbourhoods. The study concluded that neighbourhood planning affects travel behaviour and recommended a walkable neighbourhood concept and promotion of elderly-friendly public transport system for the study area.
Keywords: Aging, community, elderly, neighbourhood planning, travel behaviour.
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Gibbons, Joseph, Michael S. Barton und Timothy T. Reling. „Do gentrifying neighbourhoods have less community? Evidence from Philadelphia“. Urban Studies 57, Nr. 6 (19.03.2019): 1143–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019829331.
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One of the more detrimental effects of gentrification is the potential for a decreased sense of neighbourhood community. Systematic analysis of the effect of gentrification on communities has been limited. This study investigated how an individual’s sense of connection to neighbourhood community, as measured by trust, belongingness and sense of cooperation, was influenced by their residence in a gentrifying neighbourhood. We utilised hierarchical linear models with individual data from the 2014/2015 Public Health Management Corporation’s Southeastern Pennsylvania Household Health Survey and neighbourhood data from the 2000 Decennial Census and 2010–2014 American Community Survey. We find that gentrification overall has a negative relation with neighbourhood community, but this relationship varied by the racial/ethnic turnover underlying the changes taking place in these neighbourhoods. Specifically, we find that gentrification marked by increases in Whites and decreases in non-Whites had no measurable relation with neighbourhood community; that gentrification marked by increases in non-Whites alone had a positive effect on neighbourhood community for Black and Hispanic residents; and that gentrifying neighbourhoods which experienced an increase in both Whites and non-Whites had a negative overall relation with neighbourhood community.
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Olaseni, Abubakar, und Wale Alade. „Travel Behaviour of the Elderly in Planned and Unplanned Communities of Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria“. Built Environment Journal 17, Nr. 1 (25.03.2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/bej.v17i1.9663.
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Interests in the study of travel behaviour of the elderly have been growing in the last two decades and many of the works done are concentrated in the global north. Evidence from literature reveals that most of these studies focus more on the impact of individual and household socioeconomic attributes, urban form, travel attributes, and policy factors on the travel behaviour of the elderly, but less on the influence of neighbourhood planning. This paper examined the travel behaviour of old people in Festac town (planned) and Ketu (unplanned) community of Lagos metropolis, southwest Nigeria with a view to determining the influence of neighbourhood planning on travel pattern. The two neighbourhoods were carefully and purposively selected for collection of socio-economic and travel data through structured questionnaire that was administered on 155 randomly selected elderly respondents. The study revealed significant differences and some similarities in respondents’ socio-economic and travel characteristics. Respondents from the planned community have a higher daily mean trip rate and mean trip time than those in unplanned community. Residents of planned community also undertake higher work and social trips and rely on automobile more than those in unplanned community. Apart from the fact that the majority of respondents travel more during the off-peak period, frequent road congestion was reported as the top mobility challenge among respondents in the two neighbourhoods. The study concluded that neighbourhood planning affects travel behaviour and recommended a walkable neighbourhood concept and promotion of elderly friendly public transport system for the study area.
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Eshruq Labin, Ahlam, Saqer Sqour, Abdelmajeed Rjoub, Rami Al Shawabkeh und Safa Al Husban. „Sustainable Neighbourhood Evaluation Criteria -Design and Urban Values (Case study: Neighbourhoods from Al-Mafraq, Jordan)“. Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 31, Nr. 2 (26.10.2022): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.31.2.30953.
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A sustainable neighbourhood is critical in preserving the environment for future generations, as various societies are suffering from increasing reliance on vehicles and low social interaction. This study aims to compare two neighbourhoods in terms of implementing the sustainable neighbourhood criteria. This study is based on eight sustainable neighbourhood evaluation criteria related to design and urban values are: regional issues, compacted form, mixed land-use, connectivity, pedestrian-oriented building, public sphere of the neighbourhood, relationship with transit, and walkability. University District and Jordan Villa Compound newly developed residential neighbourhoods located in Al-Mafraq city in Jordan were chosen as a case study to evaluate the sustainable neighbourhood criteria. The primary and secondary data were obtained from various resources, including; previous studies that related to the topic, site surveys and personal interviews. The results show that The University District is more sustainable and walkable than the Jordan villa compound; due to several reasons as the grid pattern of planning and the high population density. The importance of this study comes from implementing the sustainable neighbourhood evaluation criteria to develop communities to become more sustainable and walkable.
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WADHAMS, CHRIS. „Reinventing Communities-the Neighbourhood Way“. Political Quarterly 67, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1996): 340–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-923x.1996.tb01603.x.
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Walsan, Ramya, Darren J. Mayne, Xiaoqi Feng, Nagesh Pai und Andrew Bonney. „Examining the Association between Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Type 2 Diabetes Comorbidity in Serious Mental Illness“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, Nr. 20 (15.10.2019): 3905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203905.
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This study examined the association between neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and serious mental illness (SMI)–type 2 diabetes (T2D) comorbidity in an Australian population using routinely collected clinical data. We hypothesised that neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage is positively associated with T2D comorbidity in SMI. The analysis considered 3816 individuals with an SMI living in the Illawarra and Shoalhaven regions of NSW, Australia, between 2010 and 2017. Multilevel logistic regression models accounting for suburb (neighbourhood) level clustering were used to assess the association between neighbourhood disadvantage and SMI -T2D comorbidity. Models were adjusted for age, sex, and country of birth. Compared with the most advantaged neighbourhoods, residents in the most disadvantaged neighbourhoods had 3.2 times greater odds of having SMI–T2D comorbidity even after controlling for confounding factors (OR 3.20, 95% CI 1.42–7.20). The analysis also revealed significant geographic variation in the distribution of SMI -T2D comorbidity in our sample (Median Odds Ratio = 1.35) Neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage accounted for approximately 17.3% of this geographic variation. These findings indicate a potentially important role for geographically targeted initiatives designed to enhance prevention and management of SMI–T2D comorbidity in disadvantaged communities.
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Karacor, Elif Kutay, und Gozde Parlar. „Conceptual Model of the Relationship Between Neighbourhood Attachment, Collective Efficacy and Open Space Quality“. Open House International 42, Nr. 2 (01.06.2017): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2017-b0010.
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The decline in neighbourhoods resulting from globalization and technology, which trigger high rise buildings, has been discussed by several disciplines. Changes in life styles destroy not only traditional neighbourhoods but also open spaces. This situation leads to a decrease in both collective efficacy and neighbourhood attachment. Place attachment would play an important role in overcoming fear of crime and low security perception, which are the most substantial social problems of today's cities. Therefore, it is important that urban designers, architects and landscape architects develop design policies that contribute to place attachment. The aim of this study is to develop models that explain neighbourhood attachment by collective efficacy, open space quality and socio-demographic variables. Kuzguncuk neighbourhood was chosen as a study area because of its unique character, socio-cultural diversity and the collective power that is due to the various social groups in the neighbourhood. This study seeks to answer the following question: Do open space quality, collective efficacy and socio-demographic factors predict neighbourhood attachment? We examined whether attachment to a neighborhood is associated with collective power and perception of open space quality by inhabitants. Therefore, neighbourhood attachment and its predictors were studied in this specific neighbour-hood. Face to face interviews were conducted with 313 inhabitants using a stratified sampling method. Descriptive statistics and hierarchical linear modelling analyses were used to predict neighbourhood attachment. We found that collective efficacy, open space quality, place of birth and length of residence were predictors of neighbourhood attachment. Therefore, to prevent social problems, such as fear of crime, low security perception, loneliness and segregation, policy makers, designers, planners and social scientists should focus on neighbourhoods that have small communities. In conclusion, the quality perception of open spaces should be considered to increase neighbourhood attachment, and inhabitants should be encouraged to use public spaces in which social ties can develop.
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Buffel, Tine, und Chris Phillipson. „Ageing in a Gentrifying Neighbourhood: Experiences of Community Change in Later Life“. Sociology 53, Nr. 6 (01.04.2019): 987–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038519836848.
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Debates about gentrification continue to occupy a significant part of research investigating social change within urban communities. While most gentrification studies have focused on ‘incoming’ groups or those forced to leave, there is limited knowledge about those remaining in neighbourhoods undergoing community change. This study explores the experiences of older residents who have lived much of their adult lives in the same locality but whose views have been largely ignored in gentrification research. The article presents findings from seven focus groups ( N = 58 participants) and 30 in-depth interviews with people aged 60 and over living in Chorlton, a gentrifying neighbourhood in Manchester, UK. These highlight both daily challenges and exclusionary pressures, as well as how people are active in creating a sense of belonging in a neighbourhood undergoing social change. The article concludes by discussing the need for interventions which promote the ‘age-friendliness’ of communities and ensure that older people have a space to be seen and heard in their neighbourhood.
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Lamb, Zachary, und Lawrence J. Vale. „A Neighbourhood Unit for Equitable Resilience“. Built Environment 50, Nr. 1 (01.04.2024): 185–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.50.1.185.
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The early twentieth-century concept of the neighbourhood unit aimed to use spatial planning to redress problems associated with that era of urbanization in the US and Europe, including car traffic, pollution, and social alienation. We ask how this influential and controversial concept might be adapted to address today's most vexing urban challenges: climate change hazards and widening inequality. Drawing on a diverse array of global case studies, we argue that the neighbourhood can be a unit for 'equitable resilience', but only if we reconceptualize neighbourhoods in significant ways. First, 'neighbourhood' must be defined more capaciously to include not just the middle-class enclaves envisioned by Clarence Perry and other early neighbourhood planning advocates, but also places that are home to disadvantaged residents, from mixed-income communities to public housing, informal settlements, and manufactured home parks. Second, for neighbourhood interventions to bring lasting equitable resilience, they must be linked to analysis and action on wider spatial and political scales. Finally, to ensure resilience will be equitable, neighbourhood scale interventions must link built environment changes to institutional changes that improve conditions in the domains of livelihoods, environmental safety, governance, and security from displacement. In short, to be units for equitable resilience, neighbourhoods must help residents build the power to act in the face of climate change and other threats.
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Kearns, Ade, und Phil Mason. „Mixed Tenure Communities and Neighbourhood Quality“. Housing Studies 22, Nr. 5 (23.08.2007): 661–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02673030701474628.
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Moore, Tom. „Neighbourhood Planning: Communities, Networks and Governance“. Housing Studies 29, Nr. 2 (22.05.2013): 314–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2013.797732.
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Sarma, Tirthankar, und Deepjyoti Das. „DEMOGRAPHIC, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TEMPLE’S NEIGHBOURING VILLAGES, ASSAM, INDIA“. YMER Digital 21, Nr. 04 (24.04.2022): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.04/37.
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Neighbourhood of the temple area includes both geographic (place-oriented) and social (people-oriented) components. Generally, neighbourhood is a geographically localized group of people within a city or rural area. The neighbouring villages of Madan kamdev temple area are Gopeswar village, Katnipara village, Bhitarkhola village, Bhitarkhola N.C. village, Barmola village and Alipub village. Neighbourhoods are often social communities with significant face –to-face communication among members. Both primary and secondary data have been collected for this study. Main objective of this study is to know the demographic social and economic characteristics of the villages. Primary survey data have been collected from the villages.
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Taylor, Marilyn. „Communities in Partnership: Developing a Strategic Voice“. Social Policy and Society 5, Nr. 2 (April 2006): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746405002952.
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The increasing emphasis on community participation across the globe is well-documented. In the UK, it has been a central theme in neighbourhood renewal policy, where communities are expected to engage not only at neighbourhood level but also to take their place alongside public and private sector players in local strategic partnerships at city- or district-wide levels. Engaging communities beyond the neighbourhood poses particular challenges for the voluntary and community sector infrastructure. This article draws on an evaluation of the UK government's Community Participation Programmes to identify the challenges of scaling up to these levels and how these can be addressed.
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Turnbull, Geoffrey K., und Velma Zahirovic-Herbert. „Private government, property rights and uncertain neighbourhood externalities: Evidence from gated communities“. Urban Studies 57, Nr. 4 (31.10.2019): 711–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019872391.
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Economists traditionally view public and private land use regulation as alternatives to each other. An alternative view argues that public and private regulation are not equally suited to accomplish the same outcomes. In particular, government regulation is easily changed while private regulation is not, making the latter better suited to control future externality risk. One implication of the alternative view is that more risk-averse households are drawn to gated neighbourhoods while their less risk-averse counterparts are not. This paper exploits exogenous differences in neighbourhood amenity uncertainty created by public school attendance zone changes to test this prediction of the alternative view. The results show that greater exogenous amenity uncertainty yields stronger house price capitalisation in gated subdivisions than in open neighbourhoods, a pattern consistent with the risk-aversion sorting hypothesis. The results are robust and are consistent with the key implication of the alternative view of private regulation.
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Kwok, Alan H., Douglas Paton, Julia Becker, Emma E. Hudson-Doyle und David Johnston. „A bottom-up approach to developing a neighbourhood-based resilience measurement framework“. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 27, Nr. 2 (03.04.2018): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-07-2017-0169.
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Purpose As disaster resilience activities are increasingly occurring at the neighbourhood level, there is a growing recognition in research and in practice of the contributions that community stakeholders can make in assessing the resilience of their communities. The purpose of this paper is to describe the process in deriving a disaster resilience measurement framework by soliciting the perspectives of stakeholders from urban neighbourhoods in two countries. The authors examined their community values, and their perspectives on both the concept of resilience and the essential elements that they believe would contribute to the resiliency of their neighbourhoods. Design/methodology/approach The authors used an appreciative inquiry approach to draw out the perspectives of 58 stakeholders from nine focus groups in five urban neighbourhoods in New Zealand and in the USA. Findings Results of this research show common values and recurring perceived characteristics of disaster resilience across the study sites. A neighbourhood-based disaster resilience measurement framework is developed that encompasses individual/psychological, socio-cultural, economic, infrastructural/built, and institutional/governance dimensions of disaster resilience. In the process of developing the framework, the authors identified challenges in engaging certain segments of the population and in accounting for wider structural influences on neighbourhood resilience. Research limitations/implications Issues relating to inclusive community engagement and linkages to cross-scalar resilience factors need to be addressed in future studies. Practical implications Results of this research provide insights and guidance for policy makers and practitioners when engaging communities in the development of resilience metrics. Originality/value This study fills the literature gap in evaluating community values and stakeholders’ perspectives on disaster resilience when identifying metrics for resilience interventions in urban neighbourhoods. The proposed measurement framework is derived from cross-cultural and diverse socioeconomic settings.
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Forouhar, Navid, Amir Forouhar und Mahnoosh Hasankhani. „Land-use change and quality of life in residential neighbourhoods: Evidence from Tehran, Iran“. GeoScape 15, Nr. 2 (01.12.2021): 104–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2021-0009.
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Abstract Land-use planning generally aims to manage the development of urban areas to address the needs of the communities. In this regard, the multiple and often competing environmental, economic and social conflicts complicate the process of land-use planning. Commercial development in residential neighbourhoods is a common type of land-use conflict that can dramatically exacerbate these potential conflicts. Over the recent decades, many affluent neighbourhoods of Tehran Metropolis (the capital of Iran) have been confronted with an unbridled development of commercial activities within the residential areas. This paper seeks to understand the process of land-use change and its impacts on the residents’ quality of life in an affluent neighbourhood of Tehran Metropolis (Gisha Neighbourhood) by adopting a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of impact assessment including semi-structured interview, purposeful field survey, and traffic survey. The results yield that incompatible land-use policies of the Tehran Comprehensive Plan and structural defects in the land-use change regulations led to an unbridled process of commercialisation which intensified non-local activities with city/regional service coverage along the main streets of Gisha Neighbourhood. The analysis demonstrates that despite improving the accessibility of residents to urban facilities and reducing their travel time/cost, the process of land-use changes in Gisha Neighbourhood declined the residents’ quality of life by its considerable negative effects on socio-cultural structures, landuse patterns, traffic flow, and human health in the residential areas of the neighbourhood.
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Jansen, Kirstin, Goddert von Oheimb, Helge Bruelheide, Werner Härdtle und Andreas Fichtner. „Tree species richness modulates water supply in the local tree neighbourhood: evidence from woodδ13C signatures in a large-scale forest experiment“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, Nr. 1946 (03.03.2021): 20203100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.3100.
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Biodiversity is considered to mitigate the adverse effects of changing precipitation patterns. However, our understanding of how tree diversity at the local neighbourhood scale modulates the water use and leaf physiology of individual trees remains unclear. We made use of a large-scale tree diversity experiment in subtropical China to study eight tree species along an experimentally manipulated gradient of local neighbourhood tree species richness. Twig wood carbon isotope composition (δ13Cwood) was used as an indicator for immediate leaf-level responses to water availability in relation to local neighbourhood conditions and a target tree's functional traits. Across species, a target tree'sδ13Cwoodsignatures decreased progressively with increasing neighbourhood species richness, with effects being strongest at high neighbourhood shading intensity. Moreover, theδ13Cwood-shading relationship shifted from positive (thin-leaved species) or neutral (thick-leaved species) in conspecific to negative in heterospecific neighbourhoods, most likely owing to a lower interspecific competition for water and microclimate amelioration. This suggests that promoting tree species richness at the local neighbourhood scale may improve a tree's local water supply with potential effects for an optimized water-use efficiency of tree communities during drought. This assumption, however, requires validation by further studies that focus on mechanisms that regulate the water availability in mixtures.
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Dorren, Gabrielle. „Communities within the community: aspects of neighbourhood in seventeenth-century Haarlem“. Urban History 25, Nr. 2 (August 1998): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800000791.
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ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the notion of neighbourhood in Haarlem, a Dutch town in the province of Holland, in the seventeenth century. During the first decades of the century the city magistrates were challenged by huge immigration, religious and cultural pluralism, and, due to the Dutch Revolt, a lack of a strong central power. In spite of these ingredients for social unrest, peace was preserved without too many difficulties. One of the mechanisms that kept society from falling apart was neighbourhood. Several levels of neighbourhood will be studied here and an answer is given for the growing interference of city magistrates with neighbourhood life.
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Buheji, Mohamed. „Book Review- Entrepreneurial Neighbourhoods Towards an Understanding of the Economies of Neighbourhoods and Communities“. Journal of Social Science Studies 5, Nr. 2 (31.05.2018): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsss.v5i2.13233.
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Literature doesn’t address the importance of neighbourhoods despite its growing importance for entrepreneurial development with minimal resources. There is a clear shortage in addressing the topic from multi-disciplinary perspectives that highlight the importance of local entrepreneurship across different boarders.van Ham et al (2017) work comes to explore how entrepreneurship can influence transformation in neighbourhoods and communities, particularly through entrepreneurially driven residents who can help in reducing socio-economic instability and poverty.Future effects of neighbourhood entrepreneurs are explored along with the challenges it brings specially to low income neighbourhoods and how it reflects even on the economics of the places. A recommendation for further studies be done in different geographies in order to bring in more global solutions that would enhance the innovation and creativity of rural areas of many developing and emerging economy countries.
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Buffel, Tine, Patty Doran, Mhorag Goff, Luciana Lang, Camilla Lewis, Chris Phillipson und Sophie Yarker. „Covid-19 and inequality: developing an age-friendly strategy for recovery in low income communities“. Quality in Ageing and Older Adults 21, Nr. 4 (04.12.2020): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qaoa-09-2020-0044.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore the social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on issues facing older people living in urban areas characterised by multiple deprivation. Design/methodology/approach The paper first reviews the role of place and neighbourhood in later life; second, it examines the relationship between neighbourhood deprivation and the impact of COVID-19; and, third, it outlines the basis for an “age-friendly” recovery strategy. Findings The paper argues that COVID-19 is having a disproportionate impact on low-income communities, which have already been affected by cuts to public services, the loss of social infrastructure and pressures on the voluntary sector. It highlights the need for community-based interventions to be developed as an essential part of future policies designed to tackle the effects of COVID-19. Originality/value The paper contributes to debates about developing COVID-19 recovery strategies in the context of growing inequalities affecting urban neighbourhoods.
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Mason, Phil, Ade Kearns und Lyndal Bond. „Neighbourhood walking and regeneration in deprived communities“. Health & Place 17, Nr. 3 (Mai 2011): 727–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2011.01.010.
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Frimpong, Louis Kusi, Martin Oteng-Ababio, George Owusu und Charlotte Wrigley-Asante. „Collective efficacy and fear of crime in urban neighbourhoods in Ghana“. Safer Communities 17, Nr. 3 (09.07.2018): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-06-2017-0024.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between neighbourhood characteristics and fear of crime, and further explore how this relationship is mediated by collective efficacy. The background to this is that while research, mainly based on the experiences of western countries is conclusive on how collective efficacy plays a mediating role between neighbourhood structural characteristics and fear of crime, the situation in developing countries remains poorly researched.Design/methodology/approachThe study drew from a baseline survey conducted in different socio-economic neighbourhoods in four cities in Ghana. With regards to the analysis, results from a series of ordinary least square multiple regression models were used to develop a path diagram to explain the direct and indirect relationships at the various study neighbourhoods.FindingsResults from the study showed variations of the extent of neighbourhood effect on fear of crime and collective efficacy in the different socio-economic neighbourhoods. More importantly, the study revealed that collective efficacy mediated the effect of a number of neighbourhood characteristics on fear of crime in low-income neighbourhoods compared to middle- and high-income neighbourhoods.Practical implicationsThe conclusion of the study brings to the fore the relevance of collective efficacy as a vehicle for building safer communities in Ghana since it relies on local initiatives in addressing criminogenic problems. More importantly, it is suggested that formal crime prevention efforts should be integrated with informal crime control measures, particularly in low-income neighbourhoods.Originality/valueUsing extensive survey data collected in Ghana, the study examines the applicability of collective efficacy, a western-based socio-ecological theory in a developing country context.
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Tang, Beibei. „Grid Governance in China's Urban Middle-class Neighbourhoods“. China Quarterly 241 (05.08.2019): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741019000821.
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AbstractThis article examines the so-called “grid governance” scheme, a widely used grassroots governance strategy implemented in urban China in recent years. Drawing on data collected in multiple cities from 2011 to 2016, it analyses in what ways, and to what extent, the state employs the grid governance scheme to resolve neighbourhood conflicts and reinforce governance in Chinese urban middle-class neighbourhoods. The findings highlight complex interactions under the scheme among the residents, the state and market actors in neighbourhood governance, including the resident volunteers, residents’ social groups, residents’ committees and property management companies. By coopting middle-class resident volunteers, maximizing the existing political influence of the retired urban elites, and establishing Party organizations in middle-class residential communities, the grid governance scheme has become a major vehicle for resident mobilization and conflict resolution, and a key governance mechanism to reinforce the Party's leadership in middle-class neighbourhoods.
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Clark, William A. V., Rachel Ong ViforJ und N. T. Khuong Truong. „Neighbourhood selection and neighbourhood matching: Choices, outcomes and social distance“. Urban Studies 59, Nr. 5 (11.10.2021): 937–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00420980211044029.
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In this article, we ask how well Australian households are matched to their neighbourhood social environments. We broadly replicate a previous study of matching and ask to what extent households live in communities that are similar in socio-economic status to their characteristics. And, when households move, do they relocate in such a way as to increase similarity to their neighbours? The processes are at the heart of understanding the urban structure, how it changes over time and the links to urban inequality. The article uses data on household incomes from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamic (HILDA) Survey to measure the degree of similarity between households and their neighbours. We study the variation in matching for the population as a whole, and by quintiles of median neighbourhood income. We also measure how individuals that change neighbourhoods increase their similarity to the destination neighbourhood. We find that with respect to matching there is considerable diversity in the levels of matching; and that with respect to residential change, households in general do not make major shifts to increase matching when we control for housing tenure and other household characteristics. There is a need for further replications to understand the nature of matching and the outcomes.
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Wright, Katy. „Lived Realities of Local Community: Evidence from a Qualitative Case Study in Leeds“. Social Policy and Society 14, Nr. 4 (16.01.2015): 555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474641400061x.
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This article draws on case study research of a low-income neighbourhood in Leeds to explore experiences of, and attitudes towards, place-based community. Through tracing social relations in the neighbourhood over time, from the early twentieth century to the present day, the ways in which community is embedded in everyday activities and social interactions, and the social impact of socioeconomic change on local neighbourhoods, is demonstrated. It is argued that the relentless and nostalgic focus on local communities as an idealised form of social solidarity has meant that the reasons why place-based community has declined over time have been overlooked. The article challenges the assumption that social fragmentation on neighbourhood levels necessarily indicates antisocial trends or a lack of a sense of duty towards others, and draws attention to the constraints people face in developing relationships with others. Questions are raised about the viability of top-down attempts to shape social relations in particular ways.
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Ryberg-Webster, Stephanie. „Community development and Historic Preservation: Exploring intersections in Seattle’s Chinatown-International District“. Community Development Journal 54, Nr. 2 (21.09.2017): 290–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/bsx046.
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Abstract Urban neighbourhoods are home to complex social interactions, cultural traditions and historic built environments that have accrued over time. Many community development corporations (CDCs) in the United States work in older, inner-city neighbourhoods, setting the stage for a possible alliance with historic preservation. This paper explores the intersection of community development and historic preservation, asking: In high-growth contexts, how do community developers working in neighbourhoods with strong cultural and ethnic identity use historic preservation? What are their motivations? And, how do they define, use, and/or adapt preservation to address the needs of their target communities? The article chronicles the Seattle Chinatown-International District Preservation Development Authority’s (SCIDpda) efforts to reverse neighbourhood decline while preserving the International District’s significant history, fostering its continued future as a Pan-Asian community, overcoming persistent barriers to development, and mitigating high growth pressures. The findings show that for community developers, preservation can serve as an oppositional strategy to demolition and incompatible new development, helping to attract outside financial resources, and providing a means to assert local symbolic ownership over neighbourhood space.
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Blokland, Talja. „Celebrating Local Histories and Defining Neighbourhood Communities: Place-making in a Gentrified Neighbourhood“. Urban Studies 46, Nr. 8 (08.06.2009): 1593–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098009105499.
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Samper, Jota. „How Learning from Informal Settlements Contributes to the Community Resilience of Neighbourhoods“. Built Environment 50, Nr. 1 (01.04.2024): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.50.1.133.
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Urbanization in the twenty-first century has experienced a significant slowdown, particularly in the Global North. However, population growth continues to escalate, with most of this increase occurring in the Global South. Most of that growth manifests in the urban environment as informal settlements. These types of neighbourhoods deploy unique strategies to emerge and grow and can teach us much about the value of neighbourhoods as urban units in an uncertain future plagued by the challenges imposed by climate change, political polarization, and urban conflict. However, literature on neighbourhoods devotes little time to exploring these urban manifestations as areas of exploration and learning; instead, most of the scholarship focuses on ways to eradicate these places from our cities. As a result of this perspective, I argue that we have overlooked three important lessons that can be gleaned from informal settlements: incrementality, sustainability, and self-reliance. These characteristics contribute to the resilience of the communities, making informal settlements the predominant neighbourhoods of the twenty-first century. This paper examines global informal neighbourhood practices, unveiling unique community strategies. It reassesses neighbourhood value and offers insights into the urban changes necessary to tackle the next century's challenges.
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Henderson, Kamal, Brystana Kaufman, Jason S. Rotter, Sally Stearns, Carla A. A. Sueta, Randi Foraker, P. Michael Ho und Patricia P. Chang. „Socioeconomic status and modification of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk prediction: epidemiological analysis using data from the atherosclerosis risk in communities study“. BMJ Open 12, Nr. 11 (November 2022): e058777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058777.
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ObjectiveExamine whether the relationship between the pooled cohort equations (PCE) predicted 10-year risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and absolute risk for ASCVD is modified by socioeconomic status (SES).DesignPopulation-based longitudinal cohort study—Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC)—investigating the development of cardiovascular disease across demographic subgroups.SettingFour communities in the USA—Forsyth County, North Carolina, Jackson, Mississippi, suburbs of Minneapolis, Minnesota and Washington County, Maryland.ParticipantsWe identified 9782 ARIC men and women aged 54–73 without ASCVD at study visit 4 (1996–1998).Primary outcome measuresRisk ratio (RR) differences in 10-year incident hospitalisations or death for ASCVD by SES and PCE predicted 10-year ASCVD risk categories to assess for risk modification. SES measures included educational attainment and census-tract neighbourhood deprivation using the Area Deprivation Index. PCE risk categories were 0%–5%, >5%–10%, >10%-15% and >15%. SES as a prognostic factor to estimate ASCVD absolute risk categories was further investigated as an interaction term with the PCE.ResultsASCVD RRs for participants without a high school education (referent college educated) increased at higher PCE estimated risk categories and was consistently >1. Results indicate education is both a risk modifier and delineates populations at higher ASCVD risk independent of PCE. Neighbourhood deprivation did modify association but was less consistent in direction of effect. However, for participants residing in the most deprived neighbourhoods (referent least deprived neighbourhoods) with a PCE estimated risk >10%–15%, risk was significantly elevated (RR 1.65, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.59). Education and neighbourhood deprivation inclusion as an interaction term on the PCE risk score was statistically significant (likelihood ratio p≤0.0001).ConclusionsSES modifies the association between PCE estimated risk and absolute risk of ASCVD. SES added into ASCVD risk prediction models as an interaction term may improve our ability to predict absolute ASCVD risk among socially disadvantaged populations.
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van Ingen, Trevor, Kevin A. Brown, Sarah A. Buchan, Samantha Akingbola, Nick Daneman, Christine M. Warren und Brendan T. Smith. „Neighbourhood-level socio-demographic characteristics and risk of COVID-19 incidence and mortality in Ontario, Canada: A population-based study“. PLOS ONE 17, Nr. 10 (20.10.2022): e0276507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276507.
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Objectives We aimed to estimate associations between COVID-19 incidence and mortality with neighbourhood-level immigration, race, housing, and socio-economic characteristics. Methods We conducted a population-based study of 28,808 COVID-19 cases in the provincial reportable infectious disease surveillance systems (Public Health Case and Contact Management System) which includes all known COVID-19 infections and deaths from Ontario, Canada reported between January 23, 2020 and July 28, 2020. Residents of congregate settings, Indigenous communities living on reserves or small neighbourhoods with populations <1,000 were excluded. Comparing neighbourhoods in the 90th to the 10th percentiles of socio-demographic characteristics, we estimated the associations between 18 neighbourhood-level measures of immigration, race, housing and socio-economic characteristics and COVID-19 incidence and mortality using Poisson generalized linear mixed models. Results Neighbourhoods with the highest proportion of immigrants (relative risk (RR): 4.0, 95%CI:3.5–4.5) and visible minority residents (RR: 3.3, 95%CI:2.9–3.7) showed the strongest association with COVID-19 incidence in adjusted models. Among individual race groups, COVID-19 incidence was highest among neighbourhoods with the high proportions of Black (RR: 2.4, 95%CI:2.2–2.6), South Asian (RR: 1.9, 95%CI:1.8–2.1), Latin American (RR: 1.8, 95%CI:1.6–2.0) and Middle Eastern (RR: 1.2, 95%CI:1.1–1.3) residents. Neighbourhoods with the highest average household size (RR: 1.9, 95%CI:1.7–2.1), proportion of multigenerational families (RR: 1.8, 95%CI:1.7–2.0) and unsuitably crowded housing (RR: 2.1, 95%CI:2.0–2.3) were associated with COVID-19 incidence. Neighbourhoods with the highest proportion of residents with less than high school education (RR: 1.6, 95%CI:1.4–1.8), low income (RR: 1.4, 95%CI:1.2–1.5) and unaffordable housing (RR: 1.6, 95%CI:1.4–1.8) were associated with COVID-19 incidence. Similar inequities were observed across neighbourhood-level sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19 mortality. Conclusions Neighbourhood-level inequities in COVID-19 incidence and mortality were observed in Ontario, with excess burden experienced in neighbourhoods with a higher proportion of immigrants, racialized populations, large households and low socio-economic status.
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Madagammana, Bhaveeka. „A Pleasurable Methodology: Joyously Reimagining our Neighbourhoods“. Asylum 1 (22.11.2023): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/aslm.2023103.
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The Tāmaki Makaurau Auckland neighbourhood of Ellerslie has undergone destructive erasures of ecology and indigeneity since colonisation. This is exemplified by the filling with concrete of the sacred subterranean caves, Waiatarua, during the construction of the Ellerslie Racecourse grandstand. This paper argues that this causal act of destruction through architectural procedures, and others geographically similar to it, can be understood as a result of a painful colonial legacy that continues to adversely inform architecture today. In response, a Pleasurable Methodology is proposed as an alternative architectural practice that emotively engages with the immanent whenua of Waiatarua. It speculatively aims to generate neighbourhoods where equality is formed between the vitality and wellbeing of the earth with the wellbeing of the communities that whakapapa and live there. This is crucial to facing the rising inequities of housing, food security and climate facing our cities. As a result of the methodology, experimental drawings are created from an embodied pleasurable engagement between decomposing organic matter as whenua and conventional architectural materials such as wire, paper and clay. This entangled dialogue provokes an emotive neighbourhood where whenua and pleasure fabricate and reimagine a regenerative way of living within our isthmus. This paper’s main findings conclude that by challenging conceptions of land and architecture, we can potentially endeavour to feel and then draw future neighbourhoods where the vitality of whenua is intimately tied to loving communities.
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Callander, Denton, John A. Schneider, Asa Radix, Basile Chaix, Roberta Scheinmann, Gia Love, Jordyn Smith et al. „Longitudinal cohort of HIV-negative transgender women of colour in New York City: protocol for the TURNNT (‘Trying to Understand Relationships, Networks and Neighbourhoods among Transgender women of colour’) study“. BMJ Open 10, Nr. 4 (April 2020): e032876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032876.
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IntroductionIn the USA, transgender women are among the most vulnerable to HIV. In particular, transgender women of colour face high rates of infection and low uptake of important HIV prevention tools, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). This paper describes the design, sampling methods, data collection and analyses of the TURNNT (‘Trying to Understand Relationships, Networks and Neighbourhoods among Transgender women of colour’) study. In collaboration with communities of transgender women of colour, TURNNT aims to explore the complex social and environmental (ie, neighbourhood) structures that affect HIV prevention and other aspects of health in order to identify avenues for intervention.Methods and analysesTURNNT is a prospective cohort study, which will recruit 300 transgender women of colour (150 Black/African American, 100 Latina and 50 Asian/Pacific Islander participants) in New York City. There will be three waves of data collection separated by 6 months. At each wave, participants will provide information on their relationships, social and sexual networks, and neighbourhoods. Global position system technology will be used to generate individual daily path areas in order to estimate neighbourhood-level exposures. Multivariate analyses will be conducted to assess cross-sectional and longitudinal, independent and synergistic associations of personal relationships (notably individual social capital), social and sexual networks, and neighbourhood factors (notably neighbourhood-level social cohesion) with PrEP uptake and discontinuation.Ethics and disseminationThe TURNNT protocol was approved by the Columbia University Institutional Review Board (reference no. AAAS8164). This study will provide novel insights into the relationship, network and neighbourhood factors that influence HIV prevention behaviours among transgender women of colour and facilitate exploration of this population’s health and well-being more broadly. Through community-based dissemination events and consultation with policy makers, this foundational work will be used to guide the development and implementation of future interventions with and for transgender women of colour.
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Bynner, Claire. „Intergroup relations in a super-diverse neighbourhood: The dynamics of population composition, context and community“. Urban Studies 56, Nr. 2 (30.11.2017): 335–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017740287.
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There is now an extensive literature demonstrating that experiences of migration and diversity differ significantly between and across local geographies. Three broad explanations for differences in local outcomes have been put forward (Robinson, 2010): first, population composition – the characteristics of individuals living in the neighbourhood; second, context – the social and physical environment; and third, community – socio-cultural histories and collective identities. Few studies examine the linkages between all three explanations and their relative importance. This article applies all three explanations to intergroup relations in a super-diverse context. It draws on data from a mixed methods case study of a neighbourhood in Glasgow, Scotland where long-term white and ethnic minority communities reside alongside Central and Eastern European migrants, refugees and other recent arrivals. The evidence comprises local statistics and documentary evidence, participant observation and qualitative and walk-along interviews with residents and local organisations. The findings highlight the different ways in which people respond to super-diversity, and the importance of the neighbourhood context and the material conditions for intergroup relations. The article thus demonstrates the ambiguities that arise from applying the dynamics of population composition, context and community to neighbourhood analysis, with implications for the study of neighbourhoods more widely.
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Cerin, Ester, Cindy HP Sit, Anthony Barnett, Janice M. Johnston, Man-Chin Cheung und Wai-Man Chan. „Ageing in an ultra-dense metropolis: perceived neighbourhood characteristics and utilitarian walking in Hong Kong elders“. Public Health Nutrition 17, Nr. 1 (21.08.2012): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012003862.
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AbstractObjectiveThe neighbourhood built environment may affect walking behaviour of elders. However, such effects remain underexplored, especially in an Asian context. We examined associations of perceived environmental attributes with overall and neighbourhood-specific walking for transport in a sample of Chinese elders residing in Hong Kong, an ultra-dense Chinese metropolis.DesignCross-sectional observational study using a two-stage stratified sampling strategy.SettingHong Kong, China.SubjectsChinese-speaking elders (n 484), with no cognitive impairment and able to walk without assistance, residing in thirty-two selected communities stratified by socio-economic status and walkability, were interviewer-administered validated measures of perceived neighbourhood environment and walking for transport.ResultsMuch higher levels of transport-related walking (mean 569 (sd 452) min/week) than found in Western samples were reported. The degree of perceived access to shops, crowdedness, presence of sitting facilities and easy access of residential entrance were independently positively related to both frequency of overall and within-neighbourhood walking for transportation. Infrastructure for walking and access to public transport were predictive of higher frequency of transport-related walking irrespective of location, while the perceived degree of land-use mix was predictive of higher levels of within-neighbourhood walking.ConclusionsThe provision of easy access to shops, residential entrances and sitting facilities in the neighbourhood may promote overall transport-related walking, while a good public transport network and pedestrian infrastructure linking destination-poor with destination-rich locations may compensate for the detrimental effects of living in less walkable neighbourhoods. Governmental investment in these micro- and macro-environmental features would help the promotion of an active lifestyle in elders.
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Capece, Guendalina, und Roberta Costa. „The new neighbourhood in the internet era: network communities serving local communities“. Behaviour & Information Technology 32, Nr. 5 (Mai 2013): 438–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2011.610825.
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de Wolff, Alice, Pedro Cabezas, Linda Chamberlain, Aldo Cianfarani, Phillip Dufresne, Peter Lye, Dennis Morency, Bradley Mulder, Esther Mwange und Mark Shapiro. „The Creation of “We Are Neighbours”: Participatory Research and Recovery“. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 28, Nr. 2 (01.09.2009): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2009-0023.
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Community-based participatory research is an enabling and empowering practice that is based in principles that overlap with those of mental health recovery. Using a participatory approach, an advocacy group called the Dream Team, whose members have mental health issues and live in supportive housing, planned and conducted a study of the neighbourhood impact of two supportive housing buildings in Toronto. The study found that tenants do not harm neighbourhood property values and crime rates, and that they do make important contributions to the strength of their neighbourhoods. This article demonstrates the strength of a self-directed collective of individuals who are prepared to challenge stigma and discrimination, and documents their use of participatory action research as a proactive strategy to contribute their knowledge to discussions that shape the communities, services, and politics that involve them.
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Fan, Chao, Yucheng Jiang und Ali Mostafavi. „Emergent social cohesion for coping with community disruptions in disasters“. Journal of The Royal Society Interface 17, Nr. 164 (März 2020): 20190778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0778.
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Social cohesion is an important determinant of community well-being, especially in times of distress such as disasters. This study investigates the phenomena of emergent social cohesion, which is characterized by abrupt, temporary and extensive social ties with the goal of sharing and receiving information regarding a particular event influencing a community. In the context of disasters, emergent social cohesion, enabled by social media usage, could play a significant role in improving the ability of communities to cope with disruptions in recent disasters. In this study, we employed a network reticulation framework to examine the underlying mechanisms influencing emergent social cohesion on social media while communities cope with disaster-induced disruptions. We analysed neighbourhood-tagged social media data (social media data whose users are tagged by neighbourhoods) in Houston, TX, USA, during Hurricane Harvey to characterize four modalities of network reticulation (i.e. enactment, activation, reticulation and performance) giving rise to emergent social cohesion. Our results show that, unlike regular social cohesion, communication history and physical proximity do not significantly affect emergent social cohesion. The results also indicate that weak social ties play an important role in bridging different social network communities, and hence reinforce emergent social cohesion. The findings can inform public officials, emergency managers and decision-makers regarding the important role of neighbourhood-tagged social media, as a new form of community infrastructure, for improving the ability of communities to cope with disaster disruptions through enhanced emergent social cohesion.
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Brookfield, Katherine. „Getting involved in plan-making: Participation in neighbourhood planning in England“. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 35, Nr. 3 (22.08.2016): 397–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263774x16664518.
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Neighbourhood planning, introduced through the Localism Act 2011, was intended to provide communities in England with new opportunities to plan and manage development. All communities were presented as being readily able to participate in this new regime with Ministers declaring it perfectly conceived to encourage greater involvement from a wider range of people. Set against such claims, while addressing significant gaps in the evidence, this paper provides a critical review of participation in neighbourhood planning, supported by original empirical evidence drawn from case study research. It does so at an interesting time as the community, and/or neighbourhood, appears across political parties as a preferred scalar focus for planning. Challenging Ministers’ assertions, while mirroring past experiments in community planning, participation is found to be modest and partial, concentrated amongst a few, relatively advantaged communities, and relatively advantaged interests within those communities. The paper considers the implications for future planning policy and practice.
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Thomas, Julian. „Frightful neighbourhood“. Antiquity 89, Nr. 346 (August 2015): 977–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2015.78.
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Hugo Anderson-Whymark, Duncan Garrow and Fraser Sturt are to be congratulated on an important find and a robust evaluation of its significance. As they point out, it was Roger Jacobi who first introduced the notion that Britain had been culturally isolated from the continent following the flooding of the English Channel; this was on the basis of stylistic differences between the microlithic assemblages found in the two areas in the later Mesolithic. Equally, although Villeneuve-Saint-Germain communities were established in Normandy early in the fifth millennium BC, and Chassey/Michelsberg groups in the Pas-de-Calais perhaps six hundred years later, the material evidence of their cross-Channel relations with British and Irish hunter-gatherers is limited. On this basis, the view has developed that indigenous people in Britain would have been unaware of the developing Neolithic in France and Belgium. Consequently, they would have had no familiarity with domesticated plants and animals, polished stone tools, ceramics, large timber buildings and mortuary monuments until such innovations were brought to these islands by migrating agriculturalists at the end of the millennium. If Mesolithic people played any part at all in the Neolithic transition, it would only have been after the arrival of settlers on these shores.
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D'Eer, Louise, Kenneth Chambaere, Lieve Van den Block, Sarah Dury, Luc Deliens, Tinne Smets und Joachim Cohen. „Neighbourhood civic engagement around serious illness, death, and loss: results of the development of initiatives in two neighbourhoods in Flanders“. International Journal of Integrated Care 23, S1 (28.12.2023): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23057.
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Introduction/background: Worldwide, civic engagement initiatives concerning serious illness, caregiving, and bereavement are gaining momentum, as a result of the increasing interest in communities addressing challenges around these topics. In Flanders too, a diverse range of civic engagement initiatives are being developed, among which two research-initiated neighbourhood initiatives in municipalities in Herzele and Sint-Kruis (Flanders, Belgium). Most of the existing civic engagement initiatives around serious illness, death and loss have not been evaluated thoroughly, though this would generate important knowledge about community development on these topics.
Aim: To offer insights into the facilitators and barriers in the development process of neighbourhood civic engagement initiatives in two municipalities in Flanders (Belgium), e.g., the municipality context of development, stakeholder engagement, complexity and compatibility of developed initiatives.
Methods: To study the development process of the initiatives, we performed observations (n=159) of all meetings between stakeholders, interviews and focus groups (n=72) with the different stakeholders, and a document analysis of all the relevant written materials (n=32). The results were iteratively analysed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).
Results: The studied civic engagement initiatives were both initiated by the municipality, which facilitated the co-creative process with formal and informal stakeholders in the neighbourhood. We identified a lack of leadership engagement to formulate and support clear goals for the project, as a barrier. These goals and interests should be compatible with existing municipality projects and with the interests and needs of the people in the neighbourhoods. Non-compatibility decreases stakeholder engagement since stakeholders do not wish to conduct new initiatives but want to strengthen the topics of illness, death and loss in their regular activities. A challenge is to not just include stakeholders who already have a core formal function around wellbeing, illness, death and loss, but also include stakeholders that are indirectly involved with these topics (e.g. neighbourhood police, local merchants, neighbourhood committees). Sufficient resources, especially in terms of staffing, seem to be a facilitator for starting neighbourhood civic engagement initiatives. Results suggest that having a neighbourhood worker on the ground for engaging neighbourhood stakeholders, facilitates network formation around illness, death and loss in the neighbourhoods.
Conclusion: Leadership engagement, compatibility and sufficient resources are three key concepts in facilitating neighbourhood civic engagement initiatives around serious illness, death and loss. Non-compatibility between existing workflows in the municipality and the needs of stakeholders can lead to decreased stakeholder engagement. We suggest the goals of the city be adjusted to the interests and needs of the neighbourhood. Sufficient resources need to be provided to realise these goals.
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Martiny-Bruun, Asger. „Parenting in the Courtyard“. Qualitative Studies 8, Nr. 2 (22.09.2023): 145–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/qs.v8i2.140964.
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This article investigates the challenges faced by parents raising children in stigmatised neighbourhoods based on eight-month ethnographic fieldwork. By exploring parenting practices within the public spaces of local communities, the study reveals the intricate interplay between moral considerations, daily practices, and social interactions. It demonstrates the association between parenting practices and not only the parents’ social status and belonging but also the perceived respectability of the neighbourhood. Examining parents' efforts to ensure their children's safety and foster their independence, this study uncovers the diverse norms that shape parents' agency and community integration. Thereby, it highlights the tensions parents face in maintaining the community's social respectability while challenging prevailing notions of territorial determinism. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the complexities surrounding parenting in stigmatised neighbourhoods, emphasising the need for contextualised approaches to understanding the social dynamics and morality of parenting in these communities.
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Seetharaman, Kishore, Habib Chaudhury, Lillian Hung, Alison Phinney, Shannon Freeman, Mark Groulx, Dawn Hemingway, Stéphanie Lanthier-Labonté, Cari Randa und Emma Rossnagel. „Protocol for A Mixed-Methods Study: Dementia-Inclusive Streets and Community Access, Participation, and Engagement (DemSCAPE)“. International Journal of Qualitative Methods 22 (Januar 2023): 160940692311573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16094069231157350.
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Neighbourhoods are known to help maintain functional abilities and enable out-of-home activities and social participation for people living with dementia. Dementia friendly and inclusive communities (DFC) frameworks recognize the importance of developing supportive and empowering environments for people living with dementia and their families. Beyond the core objective of raising awareness and eliminating stigma associated with dementia, most DFC frameworks also focus on improving accessibility and navigability in the neighbourhood environment. Limited research on this topic points to the importance of evidence-based design of the neighbourhood built environment to promote mobility and wayfinding, legibility, familiarity, and safety for people living with dementia. Increased relevance of DFCs for policy and practice calls for expanding this body of knowledge. The proposed study, titled “Dementia-inclusive Spaces for Community Access, Participation, and Engagement (DemSCAPE),” focuses on identifying neighbourhood destinations considered important by people living with dementia, as well as neighbourhood built environmental features relevant for their outdoor mobility, engagement, and social participation. This study protocol paper offers key information on 1) the need for mixed methods research on this topic and its theoretical and methodological underpinnings, 2) study sampling and recruitment strategy, 3) data collection methods, which include a series of structured and semi-structured sit-down interviews and a walk-along interview, 4) procedure for data analysis, 5) ethical and methodological considerations, and 6) measures taken to enhance study rigour.
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Monteiro, Stein. „Cultural Assimilation: Learning and Sorting“. Review of Economic Analysis 13, Nr. 2 (28.06.2021): 115–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/rea.v13i2.4045.
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immigrants have greater exposure to co-ethnics, leading to fewer incentives to learn the local culture and assimilate. In this paper, the exposure channel through which source country richness affects assimilating immigration is modelled through neighbourhood location choices and incentives to learn the local culture in the host country. Two equilibrium outcomes are identified, in which, there is either only assimilating immigration in at least one neighbourhood of the host country (sorting equilibrium) when immigration is from a rich source country, or there is some non-assimilating immigration in all neighbourhoods (mixed equilibrium) when immigration is from a poor source country. The presence of this exposure channel is tested using data from the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants in Canada: waves 1-3. Learning, rather than sorting into co-ethnic communities, is the main factor operating in the exposure channel between source country richness and assimilating immigration.
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Swapan, Abu Yousuf, und Dora Marinova. „Understanding Sense of community in Subiaco, Western Australia A Study of Human Behaviour and Movement Patterns“. Journal of Sustainable Development 11, Nr. 5 (04.09.2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n5p1.
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Despite being an important physical environment capable of promoting social sustainability, sense of community and contributing to a better quality of life, residential streets and neighbourhoods have not attracted significant research interest until now. The integrated physical interconnected network of houses, front yards, walkways, alleyways and streets offers a high potential for community building through social interactions at a neighbourhood level. Understanding people’s movements, activities and perceptions about their streets can inform design practices and local planning policy in creating better communities. This study presents an investigation of a residential neighbourhood in Subiaco, Western Australia through the use of a mixed-method methodology based on observation and a perception survey. A total of 61 households were observed and interviewed during the spring and summer of 2016–2017 to develop useful typological models centred on activities, movements and resident perceptions. The findings endorse the importance of the residential street as a focus place for behaviour setting but argues that in the case of the Subiaco neighbourhood, which is part of a larger car-dependent metropolitain area, movement patterns– including vehicular, cycling, pedestrian modes and jaywalking, have no significant impact on social interactions. According to the perception survey, 82% of the Subiaco neighbourhood residents see activities across the street as generating the highest level of sense of community. The study expands both, the existing theory and approaches to urban planning, by emphasising the need for making neighbourhood streets the centre of liveability through better physical design which encourages and facilitates pedestrian movement.
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Seetharaman, Kishore, Habib Chaudhury, Lillian Hung, Shannon Freeman, Mark Groulx und Cari Randa. „METHODOLOGICAL AND ETHICAL REFLECTIONS FROM RESEARCH ON NEIGHBOURHOOD-BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND DEMENTIA“. Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (01.11.2022): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.883.
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Abstract The neighbourhood is widely regarded as a setting that affords emotional and practical support and opportunities to maintain community-based activities and social participation for people living with dementia (PLWD). Creating a supportive neighbourhood built environment that facilitates outdoor mobility, wayfinding, and access to community destinations is key to making our communities dementia-inclusive. Research on the built environment and dementia-inclusive planning is relatively sparse in the broader research domain of neighbourhoods and dementia. Further, how PLWD perceive, interpret, and interact with the neighbourhood built environment is not adequately understood. Although it is acknowledged that PLWD should be more meaningfully included and engaged in research in this area, there is a lack of guidance on methodological and ethical considerations necessary to explore people-place relations in the neighbourhood built environment through the lens of the lived experience of PLWD. To address this gap, our paper draws from the Dementia-inclusive Streets and Community Access, Participation, and Engagement (DemSCAPE) study to highlight reflections on conducting walk-along interviews, embodied videography, photo documentation, semi-structured sit-down interviews, and visual elicitation to explore the influence of the neighbourhood built environment on the outdoor walking experience of PLWD. We discuss 1) methodological strengths, including the triangulated strategy of capturing experiential data in-situ in real time and in retrospect, and flexibly working around memory and communication-related challenges experienced by PLWD, 2) ethical challenges and measures for mitigation, 3) logistical difficulties in undertaking complex fieldwork with PLWD, limitations of the research methods, and potential alternative methods to explore in future research.
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Mohan, Gretta, und Peter Barlow. „Area-level deprivation, neighbourhood factors and associations with mental health“. PLOS ONE 18, Nr. 1 (30.01.2023): e0281146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281146.
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The COVID-19 pandemic saw residential neighbourhoods become more of a focal point in people’s lives, where people were greater confined to living, working, and undertaking leisure in their locality. This study investigates whether area-level deprivation and neighbourhood conditions influence mental health, accounting for demographic, socio-economic and health circumstances of individuals. Using nationally representative data from Ireland, regression modelling revealed that area-level deprivation did not in itself have a discernible impact on mental health status (as measured using the Mental Health Inventory-5 instrument and the Energy and Vitality Index), or likelihood of having suffered depression in the previous 12 months. However, positive perceptions of area safety, service provision, and area cleanliness were associated with better mental health, as was involvement in social groups. Broad ranging policies investing in neighbourhoods, could have benefits for mental health, which may be especially important for deprived communities.