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1
Gurr, Charlotte, Adrienne McCurdy und Sarah Rose Robert. „Neighbourhood Hubs : Engaging Communities for Sustainability“. Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3332.
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Society is facing a great sustainability challenge, where the design of its social systems has made it increasingly difficult for the planet to support humanity. Given the complexity of the sustainability challenge, the planet requires a shift in the way society is organised and a commitment to sustainability from individuals and communities. This thesis explores how neighbourhood hubs can serve as a platform to engage individuals to take an active participatory role in their community. Neighbourhood hubs are defined as: a fixed physical gathering place which intentionally brings people together to carry out services, activities, programs and events that serve the local community. This research sought to uncover the dynamic and engaging characteristics of neighbourhood hubs that attract participants as well as the benefits of hubs to the local community in the form of community capitals. By combining the approach of Strategic Sustainable Development with the engaging characteristics of hubs, this thesis provides a planning tool to help hubs work towards their vision and move society towards sustainability. Neighbourhood hubs are found to be an effective and inspiring way for communities to move towards a vibrant and sustainable future.carlygurr@gmail.com; adrienne.mccurdy@gmail.com; sarahrose.robert@gmail.com
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Orton, Marian. „Ageing in urban neighbourhoods in Beijing, China : an ethnographic study of older Chinese people's neighbourhood experiences“. Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/95079/.
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This thesis explores Chinese older people’s perception and experiences of ageing and age care in an urban neighbourhood in Beijing China. It is informed by a growing body of theoretical and empirical research regarding ageing and also draws upon research that has made linkage between ageing and place. However, little research has investigated older people’s experiences of ageing in a rapid changing urban neighbourhood and how these environmental changes affect their day to day lives in China. Thus, by conducting 34 in-depth interviews, participant observation in three urban neighbourhoods in urban Beijing and photography produced by the researcher, this study took a social constructionist stance and ethnographic research design to explore older people’s ageing experience in a rapidly changing environment, in this case, the role of the neighbourhood outdoor places in their day to day lives. The findings from this study demonstrate that the Western understanding of AIP is not sufficient to apply to the current social, economic and cultural context in urban Beijing. As the nascent concept of Ageing in place (AIP) has been embedded within broad socio-cultural institutions, numerous institutional legacies and socio-cultural factors directly and indirectly related to AIP serve as the discursive resources that shape and inform individuals’ disputant discourses. These factors not only frame their basic logics, vocabularies and moral reasoning but also shape their structural positions on housing access, pension rights and later-life care. Participants in these three neighbourhoods have been constantly constructing and reconstructing their understanding of ageing and AIP with the wider economic, political, social and cultural influences. These interesting perceptions of and attachment to neighbourhood engagement invite further theoretical reflections, as ageing and age care for older people in China have been greatly influenced by existing cultural norms, as well as new social trends, in a far more complicated and ambivalent fashion than commonly assumed and observers have envisioned.
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Fichtner, Andreas, Werner Härdtle, Helge Bruelheide, Matthias Kunz, Ying Li und Oheimb Goddert von. „Neighbourhood interactions drive overyielding in mixed-species tree communities“. Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-234890.
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Theory suggests that plant interactions at the neighbourhood scale play a fundamental role in regulating biodiversity–productivity relationships (BPRs) in tree communities. However, empirical evidence of this prediction is rare, as little is known about how neighbourhood interactions scale up to influence community BPRs. Here, using a biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experiment, we provide insights into processes underlying BPRs by demonstrating that diversity-mediated interactions among local neighbours are a strong regulator of productivity in species mixtures. Our results show that local neighbourhood interactions explain over half of the variation in observed community productivity along a diversity gradient. Overall, individual tree growth increased with neighbourhood species richness, leading to a positive BPR at the community scale. The importance of local-scale neighbourhood effects for regulating community productivity, however, distinctly increased with increasing community species richness. Preserving tree species diversity at the local neighbourhood scale, thus seems to be a promising way for promoting forest productivity.
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Rule, John. „Practising place: stories around inner city Sydney neighbourhood centres“. University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Education, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/387.
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The Neighbourhood Centres (NCs) in Sydney, Australia, were established to encourage forms of local control and resident participation and to provide a range of activities to build, strengthen and support local communities and marginalised groups. This thesis is concerned with exploring the personal conceptions, passions and frameworks, as well as the political and professional identities, of activists and community workers in these NCs. It also explores stories of practice and of how these subjective experiences have been shaped through the discourses around the NCs, some of which include feminism, environmentalism, multiculturalism and social justice. The following key research questions encouraged stories of community practice: What do the terms empowerment, participation, community service and citizenship mean for community organisation? What did community workers and organisers wish for when they became involved in these community organisations? What happened to the oppositional knowledges and dissent that are part of the organisational histories? Foucault’s concept of governmentality is used to explore the possibility that these NCs are also sites of ‘government through community’. This theoretical proposition questions taken-for-granted assumptions about community development and empowerment approaches. It draws on a willingness of the research participants to take up postmodern and poststructuralist theories. ‘Practising place’ emerges in the research as a description of a particular form of activism and community work associated with these inner city Sydney NCs. The central dimensions of ‘practising place’ include: a commitment to identity work; an openness to exploring diverse and fluid citizenship and identity formations; and the use of local knowledges to develop a critique of social processes. Another feature of ‘practising place’ is that it involves an analysis of the operation of power that extends beyond structuralist explanations of how to bring about social change and transform social relations. The research has deconstructed assumptions about empowerment, community participation, community organisations and community development, consequently another way of talking about the work of small locally based community organisations emerges. This new way of talking builds upon research participants’ understandings of power and demonstrates the utility of applying a poststructural analysis to activist and community work practices. Overall the research suggests that if activists and community workers are to work with new understandings of the operation of power, then the languages and social practices associated with activist and community work traditions need to be constantly and reflexively analysed and questioned.
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Colson, Justin. „Local communities in fifteenth century London : craft, parish and neighbourhood“. Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2011. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/022998f6-8295-56c4-acb7-f0e109d48fbe/10/.
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This thesis explores structural changes to the institutions of urban life within the City of London during the fifteenth century. While the late medieval period posed many challenges, London fared well. Profound changes gripped its economic and social infrastructure: traditional medieval forms of social organisation and control changed into formalised structures and procedures, with implications for the social makeup of the City itself. Using an innovative combination of methodologies, including GIS mapping and Social Network Analysis, social topography and sociability are investigated to reconstruct changes in ‘civil society'. Focusing upon four neighbouring parishes, the thesis is particularly concerned with personal interaction and locations of residence and trade. Archival study of hundreds of wills and deeds has created a dataset detailing legal and personal relationships between 4,000 Londoners. Social transformations are revealed at a local level by reconstructing and mapping property boundaries, and chronologies of ownership, as well as social relationships expressed in wills. Early in the century the City was still segregated into relatively homogenous ‘trade quarters', for both customary and pragmatic reasons. Bridge Street, for example, was a natural focus for Fishmongers. Prosopographical study of that Company has revealed a ‘quasi-federal' structure, simultaneously reflecting neighbourhood identities and wider commercial interests. Yet, by the close of the century, a fundamental shift in the nature of Companies, from a ‘personal', to a formal social basis, transformed the social topography of the City into a much more heterogeneous form. The erosion of localised Craft structures coincided with the diversification of social activities of parish churches, revealed in the volume and breadth of community participation. Furthermore, the strength of informal sociability within the neighbourhood remained constant in the face of these changes. The neighbourhood thus remained a fundamental element in the infrastructure of the late-medieval City, both defining, and reflecting, local sociability.
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Mutlu, Can E. „Insecurity Communities: Technologies of Insecurity Governance Under the European Neighbourhood Policy“. Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24334.
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This dissertation explores the European Union’s (EU) European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) as a technology of insecurity governance in order to better understand insecurity management practices of the EU bureaucracies and policy elites. The central argument of the project is that security communities are insecurity communities. Rather than trying to maintain a state of non-war, insecurity communities establish and further develop a constant productive field of insecurity management that aims to identify and govern threats and unease. The projects core contributions rest with the security community theory and the literature on the EU’s external governance literatures. Empirically, the dissertation focuses on the human mobility and transportation insecurity management practices of the EU in relation to the uses of e-Passports and intermodal containers.
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McGarrigle, Jennifer Leigh. „Understanding South Asian residential preferences in Glasgow : neighbourhood attachment and suburbanisation“. Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2321/.
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Although, much has been written about the housing conditions and segregation of minority ethnic groups, less has been written about their housing careers, residential mobility, and preferences. This thesis attempts to address these limitations in our knowledge and to enhance our understanding of the residential location and preferences of South Asian households. To fully explore these objectives the research adopts a triangulated approach; combining a quantitative study using census data of both the residential location and concentration of South Asian groups in the study area and in-depth interviews with migrating South Asian households. The major findings of the research show that over the past ten years Greater Glasgow has seen changes in the residential location of its South Asian population; the results of the census analysis detail the maintenance of both residential differentiation and continued concentration in the inner city as well as evidence of dispersal to traditionally white suburban areas, areas adjacent to the core and in-between areas. The processes underlying these changes are shown to be dynamic and complex, encompassing elements of choice and constraint and reflecting negotiated choices. Cultural expectations, religious observance, financial constraint and limited housing options interact with choice in sustaining ethnic clustering in the inner-city. On the other hand we seen the spatial ramifications of changing practices social aspirations and economic opportunity for a selected group of movers. Although ethnicity and religion play a continuing role in shaping the residential choices of the South Asians interviewed, these factors were not independent but interacted with individual/personal factors, class, economic status, gender, age, family issues and the dynamic nature of culture in determining locational needs and preferences. The South Asian population is shown to be differentiated from within. This suggests that the idea of a coherent ‘Asian community’ obscures differences and generates assumptions regarding residential behaviour and ‘in-group’ identities not matched in the empirical data presented here.
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Bynner, Claire. „Social contact and trust : a study of a super diverse neighbourhood“. Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7360/.
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This thesis presents an in-depth case study of a superdiverse neighbourhood in Glasgow where long-term white and ethnic minority communities reside alongside Roma migrants, asylum seekers and refugees, young professionals and other recent arrivals in traditional tenement housing. It focuses on the nature and extent of social contact and trust and on the role of context in shaping social relations. Employing the concepts of social milieu and intersectionality to identify social differences the research examines the relationships between five broad groupings of residents in the neighbourhood: Nostalgic Working Class, Scottish Asian, Liberal Homeowners, Kinship-sited Roma and Global Migrants. Ethnographic fieldwork was carried out in contexts within the neighbourhood, theorised as being potential sites for intergroup contact. Three types of interactions were examined: Group-based Interactions, Neighbour Interactions and Street Interactions. The data comprised documentary evidence, participant and direct observations, in-depth qualitative and walk-along interviews with residents and local organisations. Findings show that rather than individualising and isolating residents, superdiversity can stimulate community activism, yet there remains a preference for interaction within one’s own social milieu. The research has found that the concentration of poverty and material conditions has a more profound effect on social relations than historical diversity and the extent to which diversity is normalised within local discourses. Trust judgements in a superdiverse context may rely more on shared interests, moral outlook and assessments of the context rather than the extent of social contact. The quasi-private spaces of shared residential spaces and community activities can facilitate encounters with the potential to build trust, yet for this to occur cooperation through shared activities may not be sufficient. Interactions may need to move beyond co-presence and conviviality to increased understanding and empathy through dialogue. At an aggregate level, the extent to which superdiversity contributes to social contact and trust within the neighbourhood is strongly influenced by contextual factors and wider economic processes influencing housing tenure mix, private renting, property maintenance, residential churn and environmental conditions. Through examining different types of social contacts, the dynamics of trust as well as contextual influences, this thesis offers insights into the causal processes and factors that influence social relations at a local level.
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Hope, Antony Steven. „Communities that care : an insight into male career patterns in a small neighbourhood“. Thesis, University of Derby, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/323929.
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This study will offer an insight into the complex living of a group of mid-thirties males in a small neighbourhood and describe their personal career journeys. In particular, the study will highlight the complex influence of social capital, the men’s personal development through the ‘opportunity structure’ (K. Roberts, 1977) and how chance along with place of residence impact on career advancement. There have been numerous studies that have sought to discover why people make stereotypical career choices. More specifically, how male stereotyping can influence career choice and shape identity. However, many studies fail to tackle the influence of neighbourhood and family bonding which engulfs the male individual to create a very close knit masculine gang of individuals. By taking the epistemological position of interpretivism and using a narrative interview approach, along with a life history tradition, this research addresses these shortcomings. Additionally, Bourdieu’s (1985) concept of social field is employed within this study to represent the various social arenas in which young people spend their time. This notion of fields, along with the concepts of ‘habitus’ and ‘capital’ (Bourdieu, 1985, 1986) are seen to create an effective framework for understanding the social worlds of young people and the community in which they belong. The data is drawn from 10 in-depth interviews with men in their mid-thirties, who were born and raised in an inner city neighbourhood. Despite poverty, deprivation and social exclusion, these 10 men now have a career but choose not to leave the neighbourhood of their birth. They have each turned their life around by being confident, persistent, and determined to succeed, thereby empowering other individuals and their community, to build their own ladders out of poverty and towards a brighter future. However, this is a close knit network of friends and family that according to the headteacher in the local secondary school are ‘unwilling to move the boundaries of opportunity and rely too much on the ways of the past’. Each interviewee has a story to tell and these stories are interwoven and analysed through common themes explored in depth in the thesis. These stories map out a career trajectory that is based on rites of passage into adulthood and an adult sense of masculinity. Throughout the interviews evidence is provided to support the argument that ‘opportunity structure’ (K. Roberts, 1977) plays an important role in the career path of young people. Furthermore, it is argued that career choice is a developmental process with many twists and turns along the way. However, it is further argued that an identity based on age, location, ethnicity, along with common interests and a shared purpose, creates a closed shop ethos, where education and employment are shaped by elders within the family and close friends. In fact, because everyone knows everyone else, a strong common bond between family and friends is displayed, this creates strong loyalties which are manifested in the behaviour of each individual. This situation creates a large gang of individuals whose organisation has a hierarchical structure, starting from new entrants or recruits, through to elders at the top. Membership through birth is non-negotiable and to refuse to be part of this wider family could result in psychological and physiological consequences for the individual.
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Bonnerjee, Jayani Jeanne. „Neighbourhood, city, diaspora : identity and belonging for Calcutta's Anglo-Indian and Chinese communities“. Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/400.
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This thesis is located in the wider debates in postcolonial cultural geography on the city and diaspora. It engages with everyday lived spaces of Calcutta’s Anglo-Indian and Chinese communities through a focus on ideas of home, identity, belonging, cosmopolitanism and nostalgia. Drawing on overlapping narratives of these two communities in the city and in diaspora in London and Toronto, the thesis explores the idea of Calcutta as a ‘diaspora city’ and also the notion of a ‘Calcutta diaspora’. It explores the material and imaginative entanglements of migration and places narratives of identity and belonging for its Anglo-Indian and Chinese communities in the context of the city. Both Anglo-Indian and Chinese communities have been an integral part of Calcutta’s colonial and postcolonial histories, and although many members of both communities have migrated elsewhere in recent times, the city remains an important locus of emotional register. It is in this context that the thesis studies everyday lived spaces at different scales: in the neighbourhood, in the city and in diaspora. While the actual spaces are located/ rooted in real neighbourhoods and cities inhabited by the communities, the imagination of these spaces both in the city and in diaspora also intersect to create a more complex relationship between minority communities and cities. Methodologically, the thesis has adopted a multi-sited, qualitative approach to follow the lives of the communities across cities. Whilst a large part of the material has been drawn from in-depth interviews, the thesis also uses material drawn through ethnographic research and participant observation at community events, maps of the neighbourhood and city drawn by interviewees and secondary material such as community publications and websites, films, pamphlets and newspaper reports.
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Demirbas, Gokben. „Women's leisure in urban Turkey : a comparative neighbourhood study“. Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30626/.
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This thesis examines women’s everyday experiences of leisure in two neighbourhoods of urban Turkey, drawing on qualitative data derived from interviews and observations with women living in the city of Bursa. By examining the relationship between women’s leisure and their labour, everyday mobility, and socialisation at a neighbourhood level, the thesis contributes to contemporary debates on leisure within the wider feminist literature, as well as to the current growing interest in everyday life in Turkish social science literature. Examination of the feminist literature on women’s leisure suggests that contextualising leisure within the structure of women’s everyday as a whole is fundamental to an understanding of their leisure. The more contemporary feminist studies on women’s leisure focus on how to understand the dynamic and ever-changing nature of power struggles between different groups, with different capitals and identities, in a specific context. The newly emerging studies on women’s leisure within different country contexts, outside of the North American and European sphere, foreground the necessity to embed leisure experiences within socio-cultural aspects of the context, where additional dynamics, such as the role of religion or the meanings attributed to family and individual independence may significantly differ from Western societies. The current thesis builds on and expands these later works by projecting the empirical focus on Turkey and thereby shedding light on the relevance and limitations of the existing literature in explaining women’s leisure in other contexts around the world. It critically engages with the existing research on (women’s) leisure in Turkey, which is scant and embodies certain limitations. The findings presented in this study illustrate that the prevailing gender order, which confines women to the ideals of the heterosexual family, plays a central role in regulating leisure behaviour. Class, particularly, gives shape both to the existence of leisure spaces in one’s neighbourhood and constructs the “respectability” of social behaviour differently. The thesis makes an original contribution to the existing feminist leisure research in terms of rethinking traditional assumptions about leisure, broadening the definition of leisure and highlighting the significance of local cultural context. It also makes an original contribution to research on gendered everyday in Turkey by evidencing the usefulness of the concept of leisure as a lens to investigate the urban everyday, beyond the dichotomies of work time, free time, workspace, family space, production/consumption etc.
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Lunn, Andrew John. „The neighbourhood church in an individualized world“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3440/.
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Many local churches in Britain have adopted a neighbourhood paradigm, in which the neighbourhood is seen as the primary locus of mission and ministry. Social change increasingly calls that paradigm into question. This thesis engages in a reflective conversation between the sociological context of neighbourhood churches in the United Kingdom and theological themes which resource the self-understanding of such churches. Beginning with action research, and then through a review of literature from ecclesial sources, the neighbourhood paradigm is explored and then critiqued. The critique comes particularly through the sociology of individualization. Alternative models of church are explored as they begin to address these issues. The action research, analysis of the neighbourhood paradigm, and the study of individualization all point to ambivalence and hybridity as key experiences in late modernity. Theological reflection on individualization and ambivalence develops an understanding of Christian freedom which can engage with ambivalence and social change. This provides a theological resource for relating to the sociological context of local churches. This resource recognizes the essentially mixed and hybrid nature of contemporary lives and contemporary neighbourhoods, and provides a foundation for a renewed hybrid paradigm for neighbourhood ministry.
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Flisher, Lorraine. „Cranbrook, Kent, and its neighbourhood area, c. 1570-1670“. Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2003. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/6168/.
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This thesis contributes to the discipline of historical research through the detailed local study and analysis of micro-economic developments and social trends within the 'market town' of Cranbrook, Kent and its neighbouring parishes. In particular this study examines the symbiotic relationship between the market town as a nodal point for industry and commerce within the context of the local economy and social structure of its rural hinterland. The nature and incidence of demographic growth within Cranbrook's neighbourhood during local periods of epidemic disease and economic dislocation, provide a context in which to examine the extent to which the Wealden wood pasture agrarian regime could absorb and sustain demographic growth within individual local economies. Social relations within Cranbrook, show that the town was not isolated from its rural hinterland. The inhabitants of the town and the countryside interacted within a local economy based upon textile manufacture and farming, which effectively defined the complex social hierarchy of the 'neighbourhood'. Kinship-networks among longstanding resident families and their comparative status, wealth and influence within individual parishes, show the importance of familial relationships to business success and social status within the community. Parish office holding among Cranbrook's 'chief inhabitants' are explored within the concepts of religious ideology and social control in early modem England. Cranbrook society is examined within the context of developing religious attitudes and puritan ideas, which took hold and flourished in this period. The thesis also investigates the slow decline of the broadcloth industry in the region and contributes to the proto-industrialization debate. The effect of economic recession in broadcloth manufacture is examined against the decline of the neighbourhood population, the contraction in market demand for Wealden broadcloth and increased poverty.
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Abdlrahman, Abdlrahman Y. A. „Insect herbivores and neighbourhood effects in plant communities of Al Jabal Al Akhdar, Libya“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12122/.
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Neighbouring plants in the locale of an individual plant may help or hinder it in the task of defence against herbivores, depending on their levels of defence (chemical or physical), and their interactions with potential herbivores. Such ‘neighborhood effects’ are part of the complex network of species interactions that structure ecological communities. This thesis sets out to test whether there are neighbourhood effects on insect herbivory among the plants of the Al Jabal Al Akhdar region of Libya. Having chosen to concentrate on the two main species of three study sites, Juniperus phoenicea and Pistacia atlantica, nine plots were mapped in detail and the insect herbivores sampled from focal plants, and then from all plants. Leaves were sampled for chemical analysis of their phenol (tannin) content. The set of insect herbivores collected from plants in the plots were identified to species using the expertise of the staff of the Natural History Museum in London. Some insects recorded are new to Libya, and there are several species not previously recorded as feeding on either of the two plant species studied. Tannin levels were much higher in Pistacia than in Juniperus, and there were effects of elevation as well: plants from middle elevation plots had the highest levels, while those from the lowest elevation at the coast had the lowest levels of tannins. There were clear effects of neighbouring plants on the insects of individual plants, in both Pistacia and Juniperus. These were much more complex effects in Pistacia, but both sets of predictors of insect herbivore density or species richness contained clear signs of neighbourhood effects, where the existence of close neighbours reduced the herbivore load on individual plants. There were no signs of any protective neighbourhood effects of tannin levels. Thus in the plant communities of Al Jabal Al Akhdar, associational avoidance appears to be the major mechanism of neighbourhood effects, rather than associational resistance.
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Arai, Lisa. „Teenage pregnancy and fertility in English communities : neighbourhood, family and peer influences on behaviour“. Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2004. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1799.
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The British government established the Teenage Pregnancy Unit in 1999 to reduce early pregnancy. Current policy initiatives have a significant geographic dimension: specific English neighbourhoods have been identified as the sites where most early pregnancy occurs and have been targeted for intervention. The aim of this thesis is to explore the factors that influence teenage sexual and reproductive behaviour by drawing on the neighbourhoods effects literature. Within this body of research, teenage reproduction is believed to be affected by a multiplicity of factors operating within different domains. The analysis (of survey data and qualitative material collected in three locations) was guided by two research questions: which factors within neighbourhoods, family and peer contexts are the most important in elucidating the causal pathways to teenage sex, pregnancy and fertility; and do the importance of these factors vary between neighbourhoods? Overall, factors within neighbourhood and peer contexts were found to be less significant than family and individual-level factors. The analysis of British Cohort Study data showed that, for example, women who experience teenage pregnancy or birth lived in deprived areas at age 16, but other neighbourhood variables were not significant in multivariate analysis. There were some differences between neighbourhoods, but the cohort member's attitude to school was, generally, the most important factor associated with teenage sexual and reproductive behaviour. The qualitative data supported these statistical results. There was little evidence that women had been influenced by either their friends or others within their neighbourhoods (though some women reported knowing high numbers of teenage mothers), and nearly all the young mothers had low educational attainment. In conclusion, individual and family-level influences on sexual and reproductive outcomes are paramount, but behaviour is also subtly informed by wider social factors.
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Sawyer, A. D. M. „Role of the social and physical neighbourhood environment in physical activity in deprived communities“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10044539/.
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Physical activity is associated with numerous physical and psychosocial health benefits, yet population levels in the United Kingdom remain low, particularly in lower socioeconomic groups. Socioecological models posit that social and physical environments have independent and interactive influences on physical activity. Although a growing body of literature has examined the independent effect of aspects of the social and physical environment, interactive effects are rarely assessed. In addition, there is limited research specifically examining independent or interactive environmental influences in populations vulnerable to lower levels of physical activity, such as those living in neighbourhoods with high levels of deprivation. This thesis examines the association between quality of the neighbourhood physical environment (aesthetics, maintenance, physical disorder) and social environment (cohesion, safety, social interaction, support, trust, empowerment) on physical activity in adults living in income-deprived communities, using Glasgow as a case study. Cross-sectional analyses, conducted using a socioecological approach, suggested independent and interactive effects of objectively measured physical environmental factors and perceived social environmental factors on neighbourhood-based walking and moderate physical activity. Longitudinal analyses found little evidence that changes in environmental measures predict change in self-reported walking. However, qualitative analyses provided insight into potential causal pathways through a system of interacting environmental factors. Together, findings from this thesis suggest a role for the quality of the neighbourhood physical and social environment on activity, providing some evidence of interactive effects of the neighbourhood social and physical environment. Further research is needed to elucidate causal relationships between the quality of the neighbourhood environment and physical activity. Findings call for a complex systems approach to understanding contextual environmental effects on physical activity in deprived communities.
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Callway, Roselie Frances. „Sustainable neighbourhood masterplans : an analysis of the role of BREEAM Communities in green infrastructure evaluation“. Thesis, University of Reading, 2018. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/77827/.
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Evaluative practice is described as an integrated or ‘embedded’ part of urban design processes, helping to establish, trace and refine designers’ intentions, supporting the rational enhancement of design decisions and associated actions. This assumption is central to standard evaluative frameworks, such as the UK sustainable neighbourhood masterplan standard, BREEAM Communities (BC). There is a need to better understand this concept of ‘embedded evaluation’, by examining how evaluation functions in the transition from masterplan design to end-use. This includes examining to what extent standard evaluative frameworks like BC promote an embedded evaluative approach, directing decisions and material outcomes towards the standard’s definition of a sustainable neighbourhood. Adopting an empirical lens of green infrastructure (GI) evaluation and an analytical framework of Strategy-as-Practice, this research examines the enactment of formal evaluative practices in six English masterplanned sites. Based on 48 interviews and document analysis, thirteen evaluative episodes are presented, reviewing how different actors structure, enact and respond to evaluative practices. The findings reveal dynamic relationships between evaluation, design, construction and in-use practices. In most of the episodes (11 of 13) GI intentions are compromised in the transition from design to construction. Four drivers of evaluative embeddedness are identified that affect these relationships: external drivers, responsibility, negotiation and reflexivity. The research considers the potential implications for GI evaluation and BC, including the need to address dominant evaluative practices, such as cost appraisal, to build non-specialist knowledge of GI and to assign evaluative responsibility throughout the masterplan journey.
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Scheurer, Jan. „Urban ecology, innovations in housing policy and the future of cities: Towards sustainability in neighbourhood communities“. Thesis, Scheurer, Jan (2001) Urban ecology, innovations in housing policy and the future of cities: Towards sustainability in neighbourhood communities. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2001. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/50886/.
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Innovations in housing policy with an ecological edge can look back to a quarter century of experience with the incorporation of resource-saving technologies in buildings and utilities. Community-oriented urban design and housing administration can be traced even further into history. While significant, however, these goals appear insufficient in defining whether a particular residential area, or an urban region as a whole, performs well in relation to sustainability objectives. Examining the prevailing patterns of urban development and movement, exploring the underlying principles of how activities are organised in space and time, and illuminating lifestylerelated habits, statements and aspirations can help to deliver a more complete picture. Thus, some valuable input for policy makers concerned with the pursuit of sustainable development at a neighbourhood level can be provided.
This dissertation highlights the interplay of metropolitan and neighbourhood physical form and technology with community-oriented planning, design and governance as well as individual efforts to contribute to sustainabilty goals. In order to pursue these interactions a study was made of 4 neighbourhoods in Copenhagen, which have made explicit attempts at urban ecology. These revealed a high degree of adherence to sustainability goals particularly if they involved a community planning framework. However they did not always extend their ecological sensitivity to the field of mobility behaviour which constitutes a largely unregulated area of social and environmental impact. Thus a further investigation was made of 5 urban ecology neighbourhoods in 4 other European countries which had explicit goals of mobility management. These 'carfree' and 'car-reduced' neighbourhoods are assessed using a resident survey to examine the extent of their ability to reduce transport impacts. This is the first international comparative study of 'carfree' neighbourhoods. It shows that there are significant lessons to be learned as well as sources of conflict needing to be resolved.
In conclusion, the concept of mobility management in neighbourhoods is validated as a highly worthwhile contribution to a local sustainability agenda, though the learning process on how to apply it best remains far from complete. The crucial importance of fruitful collaboration between authorities, market players and the resident community are emphasised where ecological reforms in neighbourhood design and administration, including mobility management, are to have lasting effects and more than just superficial character. The presence of innovation-facilitating mechanisms in government practice, civic culture and in interactions between stakeholders is identified as a further critical ingredient to enable significant strides along the path of sustainability in urban neighbourhoods.
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Wood, Lisa Jane. „Social capital, neighbourhood environments and health : development of measurement tools and exploration of links through qualitative and quantitative research“. University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0111.
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[Truncated abstract] BACKGROUND This thesis explored the relationship between social capital, sense of community and mental health and wellbeing; and factors that may influence these within the environments in which people live. Area variations in health are well documented and are mirrored in emerging evidence of geographic and neighbourhood variations in social capital. Little is known, however, about the specific facets of the impact of local physical environment on social capital; or about the mechanisms by which these are linked with each other, and with health determinants and outcomes. Despite the recent proliferation of social capital literature and growing research interest within the public health realm, its relationship to mental health and protective factors for mental health have also been relatively unexplored. AIMS The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the potential associations between social capital, health and mental health, and neighbourhood environments. In particular, the thesis considered whether the physical attributes and street network design of neighbourhoods are associated with social capital or particular dimensions of the social capital construct. It also examined the relationship between social capital and demographic and residency factors and pet ownership ... CONCLUSION The combined use of qualitative and quantitative research is a distinguishing feature of this study, and the triangulation of these data has a unique contribution to make to the social capital literature. Studies concerned with the measurement of social capital to date have tended to focus on dimensions pertaining to people’s involvement, perceptions and relationship with others and their community. While these constructs provide insight into what comprises social capital, it is clear that each is in turn influenced by a range of other factors. Elucidating what fosters trust and neighbourly interactions in one community and not in another, and by what mechanisms, is one of many research questions unanswered in the published literature to date. The consideration of measures of social capital that relate to the physical environment is therefore of relevance to the growing research and public policy interest in identifying what might build or restore social capital in communities.
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Ghosh, Amit Kumar. „Socio-cultural manifestation of Jarawa Reserve: study on interaction between Jarawa and their neighbouring communities of Andaman Islands“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2019. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4036.
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Ghosh, Amit Kumar. „Socio-cultural manifestation of Jarawa Reserve: study on interaction between Jarawa and their neighbouring communities of Andaman Islands“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2019. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4054.
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Tabur, Canan Ezel. „The decision-making process in EU policy towards the Eastern neighbourhood : the case of immigration policy“. Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/38671/.
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This thesis investigates the EU policy-making process concerning the external dimension of migration focusing on the EU's eastern neighbourhood. In recent years, there has been an increasing emphasis on integrating a comprehensive migration dimension into the broader external policies of the EU. In 2004, the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) was developed as an overarching foreign policy tool integrating the EU's existing policies towards its southern and eastern neighbourhood under a single framework with the objective of ensuring security and stability in the EU's neighbourhood. The management of cross-border movements along the EU's new eastern frontiers in particular has moved up on the EU agenda with the eastern shift of the EU borders following the 2004/2007 eastern enlargements. With the increasing integration of migration policy objectives into the EU's broader neighbourhood policy, the EU has progressively established a more streamlined form of cooperation with its immediate eastern neighbours concerning different dimensions of migration policy. The thesis examines the EU policy-making process with the aim of answering the question of how the EU policy has been shaped in the view of diverging national preferences and institutional roles and influence concerning the external dimension of migration policy. As a salient policy area central to national sovereignty and interest, the EU member states traditionally seek to control the impact of institutional constraints in the area of migration policy and support mechanisms by which they could exert national control over the policy outcomes. On the other hand, the increasing ‘communitarisation' of the policy area since the Amsterdam Treaty has enhanced the role of the EU institutions. Drawing on the new-institututionalist approaches to EU policy-making, the thesis questions a purely intergovernmental understanding of policy-making dominated by the preferences of the member states in the external dimension of EU migration policy.
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Suzuki, Naofumi. „Sport and neighbourhood regeneration : exploring the mechanisms of social inclusion through sport“. Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/27/.
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This thesis explores the way that sport can be used as a component of effective practice of neighbourhood regeneration. In particular, the thesis examines how and to what extent projects using sport for the purpose of engaging with young people affected by the deprivation of a neighbourhood can add to regenerating the area. The last decade has seen the shift of focus in British urban regeneration policy from physical renewal and economic development to tackling social and community-related matters concentrated in deprived neighbourhoods, such as unemployment, low income, low skills, poor housing, high crime rates, and poor health – in short, social exclusion. Young people who live in these neighbourhoods are greatly disadvantaged in respect both of their well-being at the present time and of their transition into adulthood. Use of sport for the purpose of alleviating these disadvantages is increasingly popular, although conclusive evidence of social benefits of sport participation has been lacking. The thesis identifies four sets of hypotheses that represent how sport may enhance the process of social inclusion; namely, personal development, diversion, social interaction/social networks, and the salience of sport. The normative and analytical framework is developed based on Amartya Sen’s ‘capability’ perspective so as to re-define the goal of neighbourhood regeneration, against which sport-related regeneration projects can be assessed their contribution. An in-depth qualitative case study, based on grounded theory, was carried out in deprived neighbourhoods in the East End of Glasgow. Main findings include: (1) young people in the area were trapped into the vicious circles of leisure deprivation, territoriality, and poor transition into adulthood; (2) the process of tackling youth-related problems in deprived areas can be represented with the analogies of ‘hooking’ and ‘signposting’; (3) a successful structure of a sport-related regeneration project can be represented by a ‘pyramid’, founded on financial sustainability nested in robust organisational base; (4) a project can enlarge its organisational base through a repeated process of ‘ownership’ and ‘evolution’, represented by an expanding ‘spiral’; and (5) sport-related projects are often too small to reach the majority of the ‘excluded’.
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Ilori, Oluwakemi A. „Social Capital and Community Cohesion. The Role of Social Housing in Building Cohesive Communities“. Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5655.
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Despite its imprecision, social capital is a powerful tool for examining how and why particular forms of social interaction lead to the health and well-being of communities, organisations, and even businesses. Community cohesion as a policy prescription emerged in the UK, following the social disturbances in certain northern cities and towns in the summer of 2001. The official reports into these disturbances identified lack of social interaction between different ethnic groups as a principal cause. Furthermore, social housing was seen as a key factor that could be used to prevent future disturbances. Accordingly, this research focuses on how the assets and forms of social capital act as good predictors of community cohesion, in the context of the New Labour government¿s aim to use social housing to build cohesive communities. Unless otherwise specified, references to ¿the government¿ throughout this thesis apply to the New Labour administration that came to power in the UK on 2nd May 1997 and ended with the Coalition administration led by the Conservatives on 11th May 2010. This thesis makes use of the linearity between the goals of social capital and the policy aims of community cohesion to match forms of social capital to specific forms of social interaction, in six selected social housing schemes in Bradford. Bradford was one of the cities affected by the disturbances in 2001. Analysis of the forms of social interaction in the case study housing schemes shows that bridging and linking forms of social capital, which could lead to enduring cohesive communities, were mainly latent in the schemes. This suggests that the peaceful co-existence in the case study housing schemes today is, possibly, postponed social conflict in the long term.
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Ilori, Oluwakemi Atanda. „Social capital and community cohesion : the role of social housing in building cohesive communities“. Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5655.
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Despite its imprecision, social capital is a powerful tool for examining how and why particular forms of social interaction lead to the health and well-being of communities, organisations, and even businesses. Community cohesion as a policy prescription emerged in the UK, following the social disturbances in certain northern cities and towns in the summer of 2001. The official reports into these disturbances identified lack of social interaction between different ethnic groups as a principal cause. Furthermore, social housing was seen as a key factor that could be used to prevent future disturbances. Accordingly, this research focuses on how the assets and forms of social capital act as good predictors of community cohesion, in the context of the New Labour government's aim to use social housing to build cohesive communities. Unless otherwise specified, references to 'the government' throughout this thesis apply to the New Labour administration that came to power in the UK on 2nd May 1997 and ended with the Coalition administration led by the Conservatives on 11th May 2010. This thesis makes use of the linearity between the goals of social capital and the policy aims of community cohesion to match forms of social capital to specific forms of social interaction, in six selected social housing schemes in Bradford. Bradford was one of the cities affected by the disturbances in 2001. Analysis of the forms of social interaction in the case study housing schemes shows that bridging and linking forms of social capital, which could lead to enduring cohesive communities, were mainly latent in the schemes. This suggests that the peaceful co-existence in the case study housing schemes today is, possibly, postponed social conflict in the long term.
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Kasim, R. „Identifying skills needs for improving the engagement of the communities in the housing market renewal process : a case study of neighbourhood facilities in Northwest England“. Thesis, University of Salford, 2007. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14895/.
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In the late 1990s, several areas in Northwest of England were identified as suffering from social and economic deprivations with low housing demand, abandoned neighbourhoods, where local people and services have moved out. To address these problems, the HMR initiative was introduced by the Department of Communities and Local Government in 2003. Nine Pathfinders supported by the HMR Funds were established aimed at rebuilding communities through creating places where people want to live and work for the present and for future generations. This puts local communities at a centre of the programme and they should act themselves as agents for HMR. The Government has recognised that community engagement is vital to the success of the HMR process. What little written guidance is available from the Government for community engagement in the HMR process is inaccessible or unused in HMR. However, the local protests on the way that the HMR is being delivered suggest that local communities are not fully engaged, and highlights that the Pathfinders need the necessary skills for improving the engagement with local communities in the HMR process. The Egan report (which is further supported by the professionals in built environment) has recognised the need for considering new skills and ways of working in delivering sustainable communities. However, the report does not specifically address how these skills need to be allocated among different stakeholders. It also fails to describe the skills necessary to improve engagement with the communities. This study aims to critically appraise Government policies for community engagement practice in the HMR process, and investigate the skills needed for attaining the full level of community engagement in the HMR process. It explores the roles of key stakeholders and their levels of involvement in the community engagement process; barriers for attaining the full' level of community engagement; and the stakeholders' expectations from the engagement process that leads to the skills needs for improving the engagement of communities. The study applies qualitative research within a nested research methodology with two phases of case study design (an exploratory study at Elevate East Lancashire Pathfinder, Blackburn Borough Council and Bank Top; and a detailed case study in Bank Top, Blackburn). Rigorous data collection and analysis using Nvivo is employed. Research findings from the exploratory study confirm that local communities were poorly engaged in the HMR process. This stimulated a definition of the research questions. A framework for identifying the skills needed for attaining the full level of community engagement was further developed and applied for a new play area in Bank Top. Findings from the case study identify the skills needed for attaining the full level of community engagement in the HMR process aimed at consulting young people and show some engagement, but this did not really empower the community. This study generates new knowledge about the skills needs for attaining the full level of community engagement in the HMR process. This study also offers a methodological contribution that could be applied to a similar study for different community groups and different Pathfinder areas.
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Rodenstedt, Ann. „Living in the calm and safe part of the city : The socio-spatial reproduction of upper-middle class neighbourhoods in Malmö“. Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutet för bostads- och urbanforskning (IBF), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-237883.
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When residential segregation is mentioned in news coverage and when it is talked about in everyday discourse in Sweden, it is very often associated with immigration and minority groups living in the poorer areas of the city. A common assumption is that “immigrants” actively withdraw from society and that they choose to live together rather than integrating with the majority population. This study, however, argues that discussions about segregation cannot be limited to the areas where minorities and poorer-income groups live, but must understand segregation as a process occurring in the whole system of urban neighbourhoods. In order to reach a more complete understanding of the ways in which segregation processes are at work in contemporary Swedish cities, knowledge is needed about the inhabitants with greater resources and power to choose their dwellings and residential areas. The neighbourhood choices of more privileged groups, and the socio-spatial reproduction of the areas of the upper-middle class, are investigated by applying a qualitative ethnographic framework. The thesis studies two neighbourhoods located in the post-industrial city of Malmö: Victoria Park, a US-inspired “lifestyle community” which is the first of its kind in Sweden, and Bellevue, older but still one of the most exclusive and high-status neighbourhoods in the city. In order to understand self-segregation among privileged groups, the study especially scrutinises the concepts of class and security as well as the impacts of neoliberalisation on the Swedish housing market. The main argument of the study is that the self-segregation by members of the upper-middle class demonstrates a rift which runs through the urban fabric of Malmö, splintering the city up into perceived separate worlds. The existence of physical, symbolic and social boundaries in Victoria Park and Bellevue reproduces these neighbourhoods as exclusive, private and tranquil spaces of the upper-middle class. By locating themselves in the calm and safe part of the city, the upper-middle class can buy security as a commodity, rather than relying on the welfare state to provide it for them.
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Jones, Clare. „Civilised communities : immigration and social order in changing neighbourhoods“. Thesis, Keele University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528363.
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Alvarez, Laura B. „Morphological, social and perceptual dimensions of public places in British neighbourhoods“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49750/.
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This study sits within the socio-political and legislative context of a transition time worldwide, when globalisation, a communication revolution, mass migration, climate change and economic rebalancing are changing the face of the world. This work aimed to resolve some of the challenges urban practice is facing to adopt complex, systemic and multidisciplinary appraisal processes that could help deliver more sustainable neighbourhoods, looking at public life in the public realm in British neighbourhoods. The study adopted the concept of neighbourhood coined by Barton (2000): the physical environment; the community; and human perceptions of their area. All encapsulated within six core dimensions of place proposed by Carmona et.al (2010): ‘morphological’, ‘social’, ‘perceptual’, ‘visual’, ‘functional’ and ‘temporal’ dimensions. This research concerns the first three dimensions. Traditionally, urban studies, design guidance and planning policy in Britain have been largely dominated by morphology literature. More recently, methods for appraising the quality of the public realm were developed. However, these approaches focus on the physical aspects of place neglecting other dimensions. The core element of this research involved the adaptation of social sciences’ tools and their application to appraise two urban neighbourhoods in Nottingham, and two semi-rural towns in North East Derbyshire. The empirical study applied a variety of methods including quantitative analysis and phenomenological interpretation. The adopted social tools were tested in professionally-led, community-led and authority-led engagement processes to inform planning policy. The correlated findings demonstrated that all three dimensions are strongly interconnected: road hierarchy, social spheres and enclave-belonging behaviours correlated; informal contact at a street level was strongly related to street patterns; public building provision was associated with the creation and development of social networks; and the value that neighbours gave to public places had correlation with certain urban characteristics of place but not with professional evaluations of urban quality. This new knowledge made two main contributions to urban practice: methodological, with the introduction of feasible ways to appraise the social and perceptual dimensions of place in neighbourhoods; and empirical, with evidence based validation of existing synergies between three dimensions of place in neighbourhoods. It also contributed to urban literature and opened channels for further research. This thesis demonstrated that studies that neglect social and perceptual dimensions, emphasising on morphology, might result in incomprehensive or incomplete interpretations of place. An assumption can be made on the basis of these empirical findings that other dimensions of place that escaped the scope of this research are equally important. Following this work, field practitioners and authorities are urged to note the relevance of multi-dimensional approaches to urbanism, an urgent reform that needs to be catalysed in urban policy and practice.
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Zhang, G. „From simple communities to complex neighbourhoods : an analysis of change in urban and rural communities in Ningbo, China“. Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3004808/.
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During the past three decades, China has experienced tremendous changes in urbanization, from 18% in 1980 to 52% in 2014, resulting in a net increase of over 400 million in the urban population (Zhejiang Statistical Bureau, 2015). In this transition process, China’s cities have also been undergoing a series of difficulties and challenges, including the declining downtown, environment deterioration, social imbalance, urban poverty, housing shortage, social stratification, land shortage and an aging society. Changes at the community level can be seen as the response to urban and rural social and institutional changes. This is because the residential community is not only the focus of daily life and social activities, but also produces profound and comprehensive interaction with city re-structuring and growth (See Chapter one and two). As a result, studies of the detailed characteristics of urban changes at community-level have become the crucial perspective for understanding the internal logic of urban changes, whether they be social, economic or administrative. Therefore, the research aim is "To analyse the characteristics of socio-economic changes at the neighbourhood level in Ningbo from the 1980s to the 2010s, to clarify the mechanisms of neighborhood changes in transitional China for supporting better development". The thesis draws upon an evidence base comprising personal observation, completed questionnaires from 156 residents (locals, students and migrants), and interviews of 120 local residents, migrants, members of Community Committee and Village Committee, civil servants and researchers, together with evidence drawn from Ningbo Yearbook, the 2010 census, and statistical data from Ningbo Statistical Bureau. Based on the appraisal framework designed by means of a literature review of sustainable development and community studies, from the perspective of local residents and migrant workers, it analysed the characteristics of social, economic and administrative changes at the neighbourhood level from three cases of the downtown, urban fringe and suburb of Ningbo from the 1980s to the 2010s. The final part of this research summarized the general characteristics of communities and neighbourhood changes in transitional China, and discussed the mechanisms of the changes from the perspective of institutional changes and urbanization, as well as the motivations of migrants’ social mobility. The research found that the market mechanisms and power involved in social and economic changes are the main causes of community and neighbourhood change in transitional China. However, this does not mean governments totally withdrawing from the process, but their role has changed from the “manipulation of power” to being the “mediation of the stakeholders’ conflicts” and “encouraging participation”. Therefore, it can be called the “dual-track approach”, with everything happening gradually as part of a process of reform, initiated and directed by the state.
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CHANDRAN, DEEPA. „Transportation inclusion and community wellbeing: exploring public transit accessibility of Winnipeg's North End neighbourhoods“. Not applicable, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31978.
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Analyzing public transit accessibility to marginalized communities is critical to exploring the link between transportation inclusion and wellbeing in automobile-centered cultures. This study is an attempt to examine public transit accessibility to Indigenous residents in Winnipeg's North End. Apart from analyzing the current level of transit accessibility, the study explores barriers that hinder the use of public transit in the North End and examines strategies to improving transit accessibility to its residents.
This study adopts a holistic approach to understanding 'accessibility' and recognizes the importance of socio-economic, perceptional, and demographic factors in shaping the demand for transit facilities in an area. Findings of the study illustrate the need to include transportation inclusion as an essential component of the urban Indigenous welfare policies in the country. The lessons learned will also provide an initial framework to understand the link between community wellbeing and transportation inclusion of other socio-economically vulnerable communities.February 2017
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Shin, Hyun Bang. „Transforming urban neighbourhoods : limits of developer-led partnership and benefit-sharing in residential redevelopment, with reference to Seoul and Beijing“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2006. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1939/.
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The thesis studies the dynamics of urban residential redevelopment programmes in Seoul and Beijing that have been effectively transforming dilapidated neighbourhoods in recent decades. The policy review shows that neighbourhood renewal programmes saw difficulties in ensuring cost-recovery and replicability in both cities, and that this has led to the formation of residential redevelopment programmes that depend heavily on the participation of real estate developers in spite of social, economic and political differences between the cities of Seoul and Beijing. Based on research data collected from a series of area-based field research visits in Seoul and Beijing between 2002 and 2003, the thesis examines how developer-led partnerships in urban redevelopment take place in different urban settings, what contributions are made by participating actors and how redevelopment benefits are shared among the existing and potential residents in redevelopment neighbourhoods. The main arguments in this thesis are as follows. Firstly, the emergence of profit-making opportunities in dilapidated neighbourhoods forms the basis of developer-led partnership among property-related interests that include the local government, professional developers and property owners. Poor owner-occupiers and tenants in both Seoul and Beijing assume a more passive role. Secondly, local authorities intervene to ensure that the partnership framework works, but this is carried out largely in favour of professional developers and absentee landlords whose material contributions are significant. Thirdly, redevelopment benefits are shared among existing residents in differentiated ways. The most affected in negative ways are the marginalised population whose social and economic status is increasingly threatened by the market risks in times of globalisation, urban growth and redevelopment in the 1990s. This thesis concludes that partnerships in neighbourhood redevelopment do not have benign outcomes for all. Stronger government intervention is necessary in order to safeguard the interests of existing residents in dilapidated neighbourhoods, ensure their participation, and in particular, increase the protection of those increasingly marginalised by the process of redevelopment.
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Beckhoven, Ellen van. „Decline and regeneration : policy responses to processes of change in post-WWII urban neighbourhoods /“. Utrecht : Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap : Universiteit Utrecht, Faculteit Geowetenschappen, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016413115&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Carvalho, João Filipe De Freitas Dias Milheiro de. „Powered by my own energy: Bairro Solar EDP, your solar energy for the neighbourhood“. Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/123615.
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Beaulieu, Nadine. „Food and the City: An Examination of the Role of Food in Local Neighbourhood Revitalization“. Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5271.
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The majority of people in North America have lost not only the knowledge of how to successfully sustain themselves from the land but, even more troubling, the basic knowledge of where the food comes from, what real food is, or even what to do with it. It is not only basic knowledge of food that is being lost in the consumer culture; many of the private and public spaces that were central to the social fabric of the city, street, and family are changing and losing their significance. The mass marketing of the consumer lifestyle has led to the disappearance of home gardens, local restaurants, neighbourhood coffee shops, and farmers’ markets. It has altered the fine grain of our city, streets, and homes, thereby reducing the social interactions that once created lively streets in the past.
This thesis examines both the historical and current relationship and influence of food in cities, streets and homes in relation to the growing issues of access to fresh whole food and the dispersed city form. In addition, it will investigate how food orientated developments such as Community Food Centres can act as a catalyst for urban revitalization in failing urban cores and provide a resiliency to the economies of the city. The analysis of the influence of food, challenges that midsized cites are facing, and a series of precedents will provide a set guidelines for architects and planners developing urban projects. Three main themes are explored as a means to revitalization of urban neighbourhood through food: reuse of under used or abandoned land, our cultural connection to food, and the activities and culture that the two create together. These themes will explore the use and cultural significance of kitchens, markets, and restaurants and public space as architectural spaces that create community as a means to better understand what mechanisms of these aspects are the keys to the building of vibrant communities. This concept will be explored through the design of a community food centre in St. Patrick’s Ward in Guelph, Ontario.
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Kane, Speer Alexis. „Space for Healthy Communities: An Exploration of the Social Pathways between Public Space and Health“. Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/17183.
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This thesis investigates the relationship between access to public gathering spaces and self-reported health with indicators of community life as the intervening variables. This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between the access to public space and self-rated health status in multicultural communities.
A survey of 785 randomly-selected households was conducted across four low-income Toronto neighbourhoods. The investigation is framed by the 'production of healthy public space' model, which conceptualizes the pathways between the lived experience of space and health as impacting an individual’s likelihood of establishing place attachment.
The results support the hypothesis that there is a relationship between the lived dimension of space and health. Mental health appears to be the outcome most affected by indicators of place attachment. Several of the aforementioned relationships were found more commonly in the densest of the four neighbourhoods and variations were found between foreign- and Canadian-born subpopulations.
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Correia, Miguel Zanello Escovar. „Powered by my own energy: Bairro solar EDP, your solar energy for the neighbourhood“. Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/123724.
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The recent law decree 162/2019 opened thedoor to numerous opportunities withincollective self-consumption projects in Portugal. The ever increasing need to adopt sustainable practices results in significant impacts and business opportunities that EDP Comercial may benefit from. This study examines the best approach to introduce solar communities in the Portuguese market by exploring possible business models and developing a coherent marketing strategy. In order to provide a better answer to these questions, semi-structured interviews with 30 participants and a questionnaire with 201valid responses were conducted to gather insights and support the decisions.
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Schottkowski, Jana Marie. „Powered by my own energy: Bairro Solar EDP, your solar energy for the neighbourhood“. Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/123612.
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The recent law decree 162/2019 opened the door to numerous opportunities within collective self-consumption projects in Portugal. The ever increasing need to adopt sustainable practices results in significant impacts and business opportunities that EDP Comercial maybenefit from. This study examines the best approach to introduce solar communities in the Portuguese market by exploring possible business models and developing a coherent marketing strategy. In order to provide a better answer to these questions, semi-structured interviews with 30 participants and a questionnaire with 201valid responses were conducted to gather insights and support the decisions.
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Araújo, Vasco Morais Vieira de. „Powered by my own energy: Bairro Solar EDP, your solar energy for the neighbourhood - pricing strategy“. Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/123799.
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The recent law decree 162/2019 opened the door to numerous opportunities within collective self-consumption projects in Portugal. The ever increasing need to adopt sustainable practices results in significant impacts and business opportunities that EDP Comercial may benefit from. This study examines the best approach to introduce solar communities in the Portuguese market by exploring possible business models and developing a coherent marketing strategy. In order to provide a better answer to these questions, semi-structured interviews with 30 participants and a questionnaire with 201valid responses were conducted to gather insights and supportthe decisions.
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Cosme, Sara Sofia Colaço. „Powered by my own energy: Bairro Solar EDP, your solar energy for the neighbourhood - place and physical evidence“. Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/123779.
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Hunag, Ching-Nan, und 黃景南. „An Action Research of the Interactive Mechanism between Urban Universities and Neighbouring Communities – A Case Study on Kaohsiung Medical University and An-Sheng Neighbourhood“. Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19274540403463334864.
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碩士樹德科技大學
建築與古蹟維護研究所
91
The main purpose of this research was to explore the interaction between urban universities and neighbouring communities by participating in the informal organization named “CCOT (Creative Campus Organizing Team)” of Kaohsiung Medical University. CCOT was also the platform between the interaction of the university and the community during action research process. The team operational mechanism, the interactive relation, and the effects were further analyzed after suffering the circulating process of friction, conflict, cold war, reconciliation, and cooperation between the university and the community. The informal organization “CCOT” was the connection that invested in advancing the interaction between the university and community. Without school’s leading, some teachers, students, and staffs realized the crisis of campus development. The space users, who realized the importance of the development of campus town, began to combine the professionals, and establish the informal organization for redeveloping the environment. Through diversified function and creation of benefits, CCOT made the university and the community realized how important the development of campus town was, and also re-established the good relationship between the university and neighbouring community, and further cooperated to develop the campus town. Under the academy’s leading and persistence, some external and internal conflicts between the CCOT and academy’s chief executives happened; however, the academy’s chief executives intervention in this redeveloping process was helpful. After completion of promoting the development of campus town by demonstration, the formal mass organization combined the campus members and community residents should be established to prompt the space users to directly participate in the development of campus town.
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Christopher, Gary. „Building healthy communities : an examination of Winnipeg neighbourhoods“. 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/3843.
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Increasing criticism by a number of professional fields, including planning, indicates that there is a decline in public health because of poor urban planning practices cannot be ignored. This research examines to what extent urban planning has contributed to the current health level of citizens, and explores how development policies address the criticism that urban planners are encouraging developments with limited opportunities that promote an inactive lifestyle. The findings show policy tools currently available for planners in Winnipeg to use are inadequate to ensure that all new developments conform to the healthy communities philosophy, and despite the limited guidance from planning legislation, the community of Seven Oaks has succeeded in implementing several healthy community initiatives. These initiatives are successful because of partnerships created between agencies, communication with the public, and most importantly, the passion by the stakeholders to develop healthier living opportunities within their community…
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Coetzer, Carina. „Crime prevention in neighbourhoods“. Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2185.
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In this section of research, a new crime prevention model for residential neighbourhoods, namely the HONC - against crime model was developed. This model is based on the Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design principles (CPTED). The first three elements of this model are intended to better the function of CPTED in neighbourhoods. The elements are as follows:
H = Healthy lifestyle O = Online (Information technology) N = Nature C = CPTED
The effectiveness of the elements in the prevention of crime was tested in two gated communities and one open neighbourhood, namely Woodlands Lifestyle Estate, Prairie Estate and Glossa Estate. All these neighbourhoods are situated in Garsfontein, a suburb of Pretoria, South Africa.
Woodlands Lifestyle Estate was designed in accordance with these principles. This neighbourhood is situated next to a nature reserve called Moreletaspruit. The fence facing this reserve is a steel palisade to provide a view of the scenery. The other three fences are solid brick. This Estate has two entrances with formal access control. Woodlands has a specifically designed lifestyle centre which contains a gym, squash courts, swimming pool, tennis courts and an entertainment area. Pedestrian routs run from this centralised centre throughout the neighbourhood with water features and adequate lighting. Prairie Estate is also a gated community, fenced off with a brick wall and reachable through one entrance with formal access control. The architectural design of dwellings within this neighbourhood was left to the discretion of different developers. The only area for recreational activity within this neighbourhood is the fenced off club house and swimming pool. Glossa Estate is situated diagonally across Woodlands Lifestyle Estate, and is an open neighbourhood. It has three entrances with one guard patrolling the interior neighbourhood. This neighbourhood was designed with a park as a recreational area. The park was not in use and became overgrown, which created a crime problem, and it was therefore fenced off and the gate locked.
Only the element of a healthy lifestyle could be proven as influential in the incidence of crime. The last three elements only served as guidelines and need to be tested in further research.Criminology
D.Litt. et Phil. (Criminology)
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Oliver, Amy. „Lessons learned from eco-district pilot projects : the importance of stakeholder relations“. Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21679.
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Gibhardt, Matthias. „Mission in der Nachbarschaft : eine empirisch-theologische Studie in Berlin, märkisches Viertel“. Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/10529.
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German textDie Forschungsarbeit evaluiert den Projektstatus des sozial-missionarischen Familienzent-rums FACE in Berlin, Märkisches Viertel. Dafür wurde in der Dissertation zunächst der theo-logische und sozialwissenschaftliche Rahmen, in dem die Forschung geschieht, umrissen. Dabei nehmen das Konzept der Gemeinwesendiakonie, sowie die Korrelation zwischen Dia-konie und Mission einen besonderen Raum ein. Die Projektentwicklung basiert auf Idee des gesellschaftsrelevanten Gemeindebaus (Zyklus gesellschaftsrelevanter Gemeindearbeit; ZGG), dessen Anwendung in einem nächsten Schritt dokumentiert und daraufhin anhand des empirisch-theologischen Praxiszyklus (ETP) analy-siert wird. Das Ziel der qualitativen Untersuchung ist es herauszufinden, ob FACE eine ge-sellschaftliche Relevanz hat. Wie haben Nachbarn des FACE, das Familienzentrum persön-lich wahrgenommen und hat der Kontakt mit FACE zu Veränderungen in ihrem Leben ge-führt? Die abschließende missiologische Interpretation der Forschungsarbeit erfolgt mit Hilfe des Entwurfs der „trialogischen Interaktion des missionalen Gesprächs“ zwischen Evangelium, Kirche und Kultur.
This research study evaluates the project status of the family centre for social and missionary work FACE in Berlin, Märkisches Viertel. The dissertation starts out with an outline of the theological and social-scientific framework which determines the research work. Within this framework, the concept of community diaconia as well as the correlation between diaconia and mission are dominant. The project is based on the idea of socially-relevant church devel-opment (Zyklus gesellschaftsrelevanter Gemeindearbeit; ZGG), which in a following step is documented in its application and then analysed using the empirical-theological practice cy-cle. It is the objective of this qualitative study to determine whether FACE has social rele-vance. How did neighbours perceive FACE? Did contact with FACE lead to changes in their lives? The concluding missiological interpretation of the research study is conducted follow-ing the structure of the „trialogical interaction of missional conversation“ between the gospel, church and culture.
Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology
M. Th. (Missiology)