Zeitschriftenartikel: „Neighborhood Social Capital“

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Foster, Kirk A., Ronald Pitner, Darcy A. Freedman, Bethany A. Bell und Todd C. Shaw. „Spatial Dimensions of Social Capital“. City & Community 14, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2015): 392–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12133.

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The neighborhood context affects social capital, yet scholars do not adequately account for the dynamic nature of the social spaces people occupy in measuring social capital. Research has focused on neighborhood effects as though the neighborhood space is fixed across all inhabitants without regard for the ways individuals define their neighborhoods considering their own spatial location and social interactions. Using a neighborhood–level social capital measure, we examine the relationship between cognitive neighborhood boundaries and social capital in residents (N = 135) of two public housing communities in a Southern urban city. As collective efficacy (bonding social capital) increased so too did the predicted size of one's cognitive neighborhood. GIS maps demonstrated that participant boundaries included areas of commerce and services necessary to build and maintain social capital. Larger cognitive neighborhoods suggest one may interact with a wider array of people to achieve instrumental and expressive returns despite the high–poverty neighborhood context.

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Hanka, Matthew J., und Trent Aaron Engbers. „Social Capital and Economic Development: A Neighborhood Perspective“. Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs 3, Nr. 3 (01.12.2017): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.20899/jpna.3.3.272-291.

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Sean Safford’s 2009 book Why the Garden Club Couldn’t Save Youngstown introduces a revolutionary idea that much of a community’s economic resilience is tied to the social capital that exists within it. Recent research suggests that social capital not only benefits those who develop it, but it can serve as a source of economic development in the communities in which it arises. Past quantitative research on the economic benefit of social capital has only examined the city or higher levels of aggregation. This study measures social capital in three diverse socioeconomic neighborhoods to better understand how social capital can serve as a tool for economic development. An ordered probit regression model was developed to examine how individual and neighborhood levels of social capital benefit households within these communities. Moreover, this study addresses how differences in social capital across neighborhoods are explained by both individual and neighborhood characteristics.

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Rosso, Andrea L., Loni P. Tabb, Tony H. Grubesic, Jennifer A. Taylor und Yvonne L. Michael. „Neighborhood Social Capital and Achieved Mobility of Older Adults“. Journal of Aging and Health 26, Nr. 8 (Dezember 2014): 1301–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264314523447.

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Objective: Evaluate associations of neighborhood social capital and mobility of older adults. Method: A community-based survey (Philadelphia, 2010) assessed mobility (Life-Space Assessment [LSA]; range = 0-104) of older adults ( n = 675, census tracts = 256). Social capital was assessed for all adults interviewed from 2002-2010 ( n = 13,822, census tracts = 374). Generalized estimating equations adjusted for individual- and neighborhood-level characteristics estimated mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in mobility by social capital tertiles. Interactions by self-rated health, living arrangement, and race were tested. Results: Social capital was not associated with mobility after adjustment for other neighborhood characteristics (mean difference for highest versus lowest tertile social capital = 0.79, 95% CI = [−3.3, 4.8]). We observed no significant interactions. In models stratified by race, Black participants had higher mobility in high social capital neighborhoods (mean difference = 7.4, CI = [1.0, 13.7]). Discussion: Social capital may not contribute as much as other neighborhood characteristics to mobility. Interactions between neighborhood and individual-level characteristics should be considered in research on mobility.

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Ebrahimi, Ghorbanali, Hadi Razeghimaleh, Ali Babazadeh und Sabah Motevalian. „Study of Social Capital in the North and South Neighborhoods (The Case of Sari City, Iran)“. International Journal of Social Science Research 5, Nr. 1 (01.12.2016): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijssr.v5i1.10386.

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The main objective of this study was to find answer to this question as whether there is a difference in the social capital between the North and South urban neighborhoods. The data of the current study were collected through a questionnaire. The statistical population of this study included subjects aged 18 and above, and sample size consisted of 450 people.The findings of this study indicated that there was a significant difference between North and South neighborhoods of Sari, Iran, with regard to the neighborhood social capital. This means that the mean social capital in the South of city (3.58 out of 5) was higher than that of North of city (1.78 out of 5). The difference was also true for all aspects of neighborhood social capital in North and South urban neighborhoods of Sari. Furthermore, in all aspects of neighborhood social capital, the South neighborhoods had a higher mean value than North urban neighborhoods.

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Hardyns, Wim, Thom Snaphaan, Lieven J. R. Pauwels, Veerle Vyncke und Sara Willems. „A Multilevel Analysis of Collective Efficacy, Neighborhood Disorder, and Individual Social Capital on Avoidance Behavior“. Crime & Delinquency 65, Nr. 7 (16.07.2018): 994–1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128718788042.

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The principal aim of this multilevel study was to assess the impact of collective efficacy and disorder, as neighborhood characteristics, and individual social capital on an individual’s avoidance behavior, independent of the neighborhood composition. The theoretical backdrop to the present study integrates insights from social capital theory, collective efficacy theory, and broken windows theory. The multilevel model is based on an individual-level questionnaire of inhabitants ( N = 2,730) and a neighborhood-level questionnaire of key informants in neighborhoods in Ghent, Belgium ( N = 142). The results suggest small but significant neighborhood effects on an individual’s avoidance behavior. Individuals with lower levels of individual social capital and who live in neighborhoods with higher levels of disorder report more avoidance behavior.

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McCabe, Brian J. „Homeownership and Social Trust in Neighbors“. City & Community 11, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2012): 389–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2012.01416.x.

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This paper investigates the role of homeownership in generating social trust among neighbors. Drawing on data from the 2006 Social Capital Community Survey, it tests whether homeownership contributes to the formation of social capital by strengthening the bonds of trust in local neighborhoods. Through a falsification strategy that compares trust in neighbors to trust in other social groups, the results confirm that homeowners are more trusting of their neighbors than renters, but are no more likely to trust strangers, shopkeepers, coworkers, or the police. While initial models reveal spillover effects into neighborhoods with high homeownership rates, further analyses suggest that median neighborhood income is the more salient predictor of neighborhood–level social trust. The findings contribute to a rich sociological tradition of neighborhood research by focusing on the role of homeownership in strengthening local communities.

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Ramírez Plazas, Elías, Derly Cibelly Lara Figueroa und Humberto Rueda Ramírez. „The social capital of the neighborhood manicurists“. Revista científica Pensamiento y Gestión, Nr. 42 (15.01.2017): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/pege.42.10473.

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KOYAMA, Hiromi. „Neighborhood Associations as Social Capital:“. Annals of Japan Association for Urban Sociology 2011, Nr. 29 (2011): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5637/jpasurban.2011.127.

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Ruef, Martin, und Seok-Woo Kwon. „Neighborhood Associations and Social Capital“. Social Forces 95, Nr. 1 (11.07.2016): 159–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/sow053.

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Osterling, Kathy Lemon. „Social Capital and Neighborhood Poverty“. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 16, Nr. 1-2 (Dezember 2007): 123–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j137v16n01_09.

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Lagaert, Susan, Thom Snaphaan, Veerle Vyncke, Wim Hardyns, Lieven J. R. Pauwels und Sara Willems. „A Multilevel Perspective on the Health Effect of Social Capital: Evidence for the Relative Importance of Individual Social Capital over Neighborhood Social Capital“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 4 (05.02.2021): 1526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041526.

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Employing a multilevel perspective on the health effects of social capital, this study analyzes how individual and neighborhood differences in self-rated health in Ghent (Belgium), relate to individual and collective social mechanisms, when taking demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of individuals into account. This study estimates the health effects of social trust, informal social control and disorder at the neighborhood level and social support and network size at the individual level, using indicators indebted to both the normative and resource-based approaches to social capital. Instead of the mere aggregation of individual indicators of social capital, this study uses the key informant technique as a methodologically superior measurement of neighborhood social capital, which combined with a multilevel analysis strategy, allows to disentangle the health effects of individual and neighborhood social capital. The analysis highlights the health benefits of individual social capital, i.e., individual social support and network size. The study indicates that controlling for individual demographic and socioeconomic characteristics reduces the effect of the neighborhood-level counterparts and the neighborhood characteristics social trust and neighborhood disorder have significant, but small health effects. In its effects on self-rated health, social capital operates on the individual level, rather than the neighborhood level.

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Kwok, Alan H., Julia Becker, Douglas Paton, Emma Hudson-Doyle und David Johnston. „Stakeholders’ Perspectives of Social Capital in Informing the Development of Neighborhood-Based Disaster Resilience Measurements“. Journal of Applied Social Science 13, Nr. 1 (15.02.2019): 26–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1936724419827987.

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The cultivation of neighborhood-based social capital has gained significant attention in the disaster management sector in recent years as a means to increase community disaster resilience. However, within the sector, the concept of social capital remains unclear and its measurement is limited at the neighborhood level due to a focus on predominately top-down and quantitative approaches. By using a qualitative, inductive-driven approach, this paper proposes an integrated social capital measurement framework that combines qualitative and quantitative measures for evaluating levels of social capital in neighborhoods. Nine focus groups consisting of 58 participants across a range of socioeconomically and ethnically diverse urban neighborhoods in New Zealand and the United States were conducted. Three key themes were identified that relate to the formation, activation, and benefits of social capital resources: community demography, cultural influences on social support, and neighborhood governance. By synthesizing the study’s results and existing literature, this paper proposes a measurement framework that incorporates both quantitative indicators and contextual questions across six structural and four cognitive social capital domains. The framework can serve as a starting point for neighborhood stakeholders, emergency management practitioners, policymakers, and researchers to assess the resilience of neighborhoods and identify areas for improvement.

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Medina, Justin C. „Neighborhood Firearm Victimization Rates and Social Capital Over Time“. Violence and Victims 30, Nr. 1 (2015): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00092.

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Distribution of firearm victimization is not equal within cities. Victimization can persistently concentrate in a small number of neighborhoods, while others experience very little violence. Theorists have pointed to one possible explanation as the ability of groups to control violence using social capital. Researchers have shown this association at the U.S. county, state, and national levels. Few studies, however, have examined the relationship between neighborhood social capital and violence over time. This study uses longitudinal data to ask whether neighborhood social capital both predicts and is influenced by firearm victimization over 3 years in Philadelphia. The results of several regression analyses suggest that trusting others and firearm victimization are inversely related over time. Implications for neighborhood policy planning and social capital as a theoretical framework are discussed.

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Webster, Noah J., Kristine J. Ajrouch und Toni C. Antonucci. „LINKS BETWEEN NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT AND ACCESS TO SOCIAL CAPITAL IN LATER LIFE“. Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S63—S64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.245.

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Abstract Social capital is essential for healthy living in later life, and evidence indicates the importance of neighborhood context in facilitating access to this resource. However, additional research is needed to compare how objective and subjective indicators of context shape this association. We examine links between objective (census tract-level population density and composition) and subjective (perceived safety and quiet) indicators of neighborhoods and social capital (contact frequency, network size, trust others in neighborhood). Data include participants age 65+ (N=259) from Wave 3 (2015) of the longitudinal Social Relations Study based in Detroit, Michigan. Multivariate analyses indicate respondents living in more densely populated neighborhoods reported more frequent contact with network members. Those perceiving their neighborhood as safe reported larger networks, more trust in and greater support exchanged among neighbors. Findings suggest both objective and subjective indicators of neighborhood context shape access to social capital, but perceptions play a larger role.

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Jones, Charles, und Jing Shen. „Neighborhood Social Capital, Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Change of Neighborhood as Predictors of School Readiness“. Urban Studies Research 2014 (26.02.2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/204583.

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Neighborhood income and social capital are considered important for child development, but social capital has rarely been measured directly at an aggregate level. We used Canadian data to derive measures of social capital from aggregated parental judgments of neighborhood collective efficacy and neighborhood safety. Measures of neighborhood income came from Census data. Direct measures of preschoolers’ school readiness were predicted from neighborhood-level variables, with regional indicators and household/parental characteristics taken into account. Our findings show that (1) residing in Quebec, being Black, and having a parent who was born outside Canada are positively associated with children’s living in disadvantaged or low collective efficacy neighborhoods as well as with their living in low-income households. (2) Children’s odds of residential mobility were reduced when the origin neighborhood had higher collective efficacy but increased when the family rented rather than owned. (3) Both neighborhood collective efficacy and children’s ever having lived in a poor neighborhood were correlated with receptive vocabulary scores, but results were mixed for other cognitive dimensions. Children of younger mothers scored worse on receptive vocabulary. There were similar patterns for demographic predictors related to visible minority status, sibship size, and birth order. Neighborhood average income had no effect on cognitive outcomes when the region was controlled.

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Sampson, Robert J., und Corina Graif. „Neighborhood Social Capital as Differential Social Organization“. American Behavioral Scientist 52, Nr. 11 (22.05.2009): 1579–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764209331527.

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York Cornwell, Erin, und Rachel L. Behler. „Urbanism, Neighborhood Context, and Social Networks“. City & Community 14, Nr. 3 (September 2015): 311–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12124.

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Theories of urbanism suggest that the urban context erodes individuals’ strong social ties with friends and family. Recent research has narrowed focus to the neighborhood context, emphasizing how localized structural disadvantage affects community–level cohesion and social capital. In this paper, we argue that neighborhood context also shapes social ties with friends and family—particularly for community–dwelling seniors. We hypothesize that neighborhood disadvantage, residential instability, and disorder restrict residents’ abilities to cultivate close relationships with friends and family, regardless of whether they live in the same neighborhood. Using data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, we find that older adults who live in disadvantaged neighborhoods have smaller social networks. Neighborhood disadvantage is also associated with fewer close network ties and less frequent interaction—but only among men. Residents of disordered neighborhoods have both smaller networks and weaker ties. We urge scholars to pay greater attention to how neighborhood context contributes to disparities in network–based access to resources.

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Gorbunova, Lidia A., Jens Ambrasat und Christian von Scheve. „Neighborhood Stereotypes and Interpersonal Trust in Social Exchange: An Experimental Study“. City & Community 14, Nr. 2 (Juni 2015): 206–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12112.

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Recent research indicates that segregation is, in addition to many other undesirable consequences, negatively associated with social capital, in particular, generalized trust within a community. This study investigates whether an individual's residential neighborhood and the stereotypes associated with this neighborhood affect others’ trusting behavior as a specific form of social exchange. Using an anonymous trust game experiment in the context of five districts of the German capital, Berlin, we show that trusting is contingent on others’ residential neighborhood rather than on deliberate assessments of trustworthiness. Participants show significantly greater trust toward individuals from positively stereotyped neighborhoods with favorable sociodemographic characteristics than to persons from negatively stereotyped neighborhoods with unfavorable sociodemographics. Importantly, when stereotypes and sociodemographic factors point in opposite directions, participants’ trust decisions reflect stereotype content.

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Petrovic, Mina. „Researching social aspects of urban neighborhood: Reflections of professionals in New Belgrade“. Sociologija 50, Nr. 1 (2008): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc0801055p.

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Firstly, the paper aims to present basic analytical concepts in researching social aspects of urban neighborhoods: community, social cohesion, social capital, as well as relationship between physical and social structures within the neighborhood. Secondly, the paper presents empirical research that explores if there is a process of differentiation in the perception of neighborhood among professionals living in the neighborhoods exposed to significant changes in social and urban structures. By employing a qualitative methodology, based on interviews with 40 professionals in two types of neighborhoods (one exposed to social filtration and the other to the process of gentrification), the study reveals that neighborhood as a community prevails in all localities, that the neighborhood as a commodity develops more distinctively in better quality neighborhoods while the perception of neighborhood as a negative context (social and physical) emerges in lower quality neighborhoods. The importance of network support and reciprocity appeared equally developed in both residential areas enhancing the sense of belonging to the neighborhood. The greatest difference was documented in respondents' safety perception primarily due to differences in neighborhoods' social context (crime, drug abuse and people from the margins in the lower quality area). Spatial characteristics influenced the perceived level of safety too (better equipment and security of buildings in the higher quality area). Social capital understood as potential resource that can be mobilized through intermediate institutions is generally low, without differences between the observed areas. It is visible in the tendency among all respondents to employ primarily the private sector in solving neighborhood problems instead of demanding institutional support, as well as in preferring the payment of services to participation in neighborhood activities.

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Vafaei, Afshin, William Pickett, Maria Victoria Zunzunegui und Beatriz E. Alvarado. „Relationships Between Neighborhood Social Capital and The Occurrence of Outdoor Falls in Canadian Older Adults: A Multilevel Analysis“. Journal of Aging and Health 30, Nr. 7 (04.05.2017): 1108–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264317706236.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether neighborhood-level social capital is a risk factor for falls outside of the home in older adults. Methods: Health questionnaires were completed by community-dwelling Canadians aged +65 years living in Kingston (Ontario) and St-Hyacinthe (Quebec), supplemented by neighborhood-level census data. Multilevel logistic regression models with random intercepts were fit. Variations in the occurrence of falls across neighborhoods were quantified by median odds ratio and 80% interval odds ratio. Results: Between-neighborhood differences explained 7% of the variance in the occurrence of falls; this variance decreased to 2% after adjustment for neighborhood-level variables. In the fully adjusted models, higher levels of social capital increased the odds of falls by almost 2 times: (odds ratio [OR] = 2.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.19, 3.71]). Discussion: Living in neighborhoods with higher levels of social capital was associated with higher risk of falling in older adults, possibly through more involvement in social activities.

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Mohnen, Sigrid M., Peter P. Groenewegen, Beate Völker und Henk Flap. „Neighborhood social capital and individual health“. Social Science & Medicine 72, Nr. 5 (März 2011): 660–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.12.004.

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Payne, Pedro R., und Kirk R. Williams. „Building Social Capital Through Neighborhood Mobilization“. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 34, Nr. 3 (März 2008): S42—S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2007.12.010.

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Zhu, Yushu, und Qiang Fu. „Deciphering the Civic Virtue of Communal Space“. Environment and Behavior 49, Nr. 2 (27.07.2016): 161–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916515627308.

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Drawing on a citywide survey of 39 urban neighborhoods and a qualitative case study of a neighborhood in Guangzhou, China, this research addresses how communal space, social capital, and neighborhood attachment (NA) jointly shape neighborhood participation (NP). Communal space is strongly and significantly associated with NP. Furthermore, we find that communal space is related to NP in two ways: promoting place-based social relations (the social-capital mechanism) and nurturing place attachment (the intrapsychic mechanism). These findings point to the significance of communal space as a civic focal point in community building and place making.

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Lane, Anna P., Chek Hooi Wong, Špela Močnik, Siqi Song und Belinda Yuen. „Association of Neighborhood Social Capital With Quality of Life Among Older People in Singapore“. Journal of Aging and Health 32, Nr. 7-8 (19.06.2019): 841–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264319857990.

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Objective: To examine how neighborhood-based cognitive and structural social capital are associated with individual quality of life among a sample of community-dwelling older adults in Singapore. Method: Using survey data from 981 older adults (aged 55 years and above) in nine residential neighborhoods, multilevel models simultaneously estimated the effects of independent variables at the individual and neighborhood levels on quality of life (CASP-12). Results: Social cohesion (β = 1.39, p < .01) and associational membership (β = 19.16, p < .01) were associated with higher quality of life in models adjusted for neighborhood facilities and individual sociodemographics, social networks, functional limitations, global cognitive status, and medical conditions. Discussion: The results suggest that place-based or neighborhood social capital may be important for older person’s well-being. It identifies the contribution of structural (associational membership) and cognitive (social cohesion) social capital to the well-being of community-dwelling older adults in Singapore.

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Alhusban, Safa A., Ahmad A. Alhusban und Yamen N. AlBetawi. „Suggesting theoretical urban neighborhood design concept by adopting the changing discourse of social capital“. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 13, Nr. 3 (08.07.2019): 391–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-09-2018-0064.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review, analyze and synthesize different pieces from literature to explore, define and describe the concept of social capital and its relationships with urban neighborhood design concepts. Additionally, to define the indicators and principles that can enhance social capital within urban design context. Moreover, to suggest theoretical urban neighborhood design concept that can adopt the changing discourse of social capital. Design/methodology/approach This research used the theoretical, analytical and descriptive approach-driven case study method. In all, 29 papers were analyzed to conclude the indicators that can measure social capital within the urban neighborhood design context and to conclude the required neighborhood design features and principles that influence social capital. Additionally, two new urban neighborhoods design concepts, cohousing and hybrid concepts that adopt new forms of social interaction, were studied, analyzed and then synthesized to suggest new neighborhood design concept, which is a heterotopia concept. Findings Heterotopia neighborhood concept aims to create real, different and heterogeneous functional spaces with different layers of meanings for people from different cultures in one place. Different visible enclosures are merged into spaces of otherness while the diversity gives a sense of entering another alternative place. The heterotopias neighborhood design principles aim to create a wide variety of forms, shapes and elements [different new spaces for different ritual activities to reflect the otherness self-reflection (homogeneous and scattered spaces)] and create linkage, hierarchy, contrast and mingling between spaces and places; well-defined functional effective spaces; different fantasy and leisure spaces; high standard quality of life and otherness space; flux in social realm and fluidity of spaces; mixed use and joint experience; and innovated technologies spaces to offer strange new temporalities. Research limitations/implications This research recommended that different community stakeholders should participate in planning process, neighborhood urban design and decision-making process about public spaces to strengthen the community ties and achieve a heterotopia concept. Architect, urban designers and planners should adopt bottom-up design approach when designing neighborhood. Additionally, to avoid poor social capital research studies, the new researchers, practitioners and journal reviewers approaching social capital for the first time must read widely to gain an understanding of the concept from different perspectives and narrow their scope to their particular area of interest. Practical implications This research highlights the needs for empirical studies to examine the relationships/interrelationships between all neighborhood design principles and social capital. This might increase the knowledge on how we can design and increase the quality of neighborhood to foster social capital, which might offer interesting insights into how neighborhood urban design principles are combined to foster social capital within neighborhood context. Originality/value Neighborhood-based research encourages new suggesting concepts in designing every single place in the residential neighborhood in a way that can adapt the new forms of social interaction. This research scanned the current concepts of neighborhood design that concerned successfully with the changing forms of social relationships to conclude some design features and principles for neighborhood design to ensure and promote social public health and well-being. This research offers a unique perspective for better understanding the relationships between the neighborhood urban design as a spatial dimension and social capital. This research aims to enrich the socio-spatial knowledge and build a resilient urban community by suggesting theoretical urban neighborhood design concept, which is the heterotopia concept, and providing the urban designers and architects with a valuable thinking tool to design spaces.

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Child, Stephanie T., Andrew T. Kaczynski, Katrina M. Walsemann, Nancy Fleischer, Alexander McLain und Spencer Moore. „Socioeconomic Differences in Access to Neighborhood and Network Social Capital and Associations With Body Mass Index Among Black Americans“. American Journal of Health Promotion 34, Nr. 2 (30.10.2019): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117119883583.

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Purpose: To examine associations between socioeconomic status and two forms of social capital, namely, neighborhood and network measures, and how these distinct forms of capital are associated with body mass index (BMI) among Black residents of low-income communities. Design: Respondent-driven sampling was used to engage residents in a household survey to collect data on the respondents’ personal network, perceptions about their neighborhood environment, and health. Setting: Eight special emphasis neighborhoods in Greenville, South Carolina. Participants: N = 337 black/African American older adults, nearly half of whom have a household income of less than $15 000 and a high school education, were included. Measures: Neighborhood capital was assessed via three scales on social cohesion, collective efficacy, and social support from neighbors. Network capital was calculated via a position generator, common in egocentric network surveys. Body mass index was calculated with self-reported height and weight. Analysis: Multilevel linear regression models were used to examine the association between neighborhood and network capital and obesity among respondents within sampling chains. Results: Higher household income was associated with greater neighborhood capital, whereas higher educational attainment was associated with greater network capital. Social cohesion was negatively associated with BMI ( b = −1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.39 to −0.11); network diversity was positively associated with BMI ( b = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.55). Conclusion: The findings shed light on how social capital may be patterned by socioeconomic status and, further, how distinct forms of capital may be differentially associated with health among black Americans.

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Alaimo, Katherine, Thomas M. Reischl und Julie Ober Allen. „Community gardening, neighborhood meetings, and social capital“. Journal of Community Psychology 38, Nr. 4 (Mai 2010): 497–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20378.

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van Houwelingen, Pepijn. „Neighborhood Associations and Social Capital in Japan“. Urban Affairs Review 48, Nr. 4 (18.04.2012): 467–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087411434906.

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Clay, PhD, MPH, Lauren, Mia Papas, PhD, David Abramson, PhD, MPH und James Kendra, PhD. „Social capital, neighborhood disorder, and disaster recovery“. Journal of Emergency Management 15, Nr. 4 (01.07.2017): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2017.0332.

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Objective: This study examined social institutions as a contextual factor that may influence perceptions of neighborhood physical and social disorder during disaster recovery.Design: The study used descriptive statistics and fit logistic regression models.Setting and Participants: Participants in this study (n = 772) were recruited from temporary housing in Louisiana and Mississippi as part of the Gulf Coast Child and Family Health Study, a longitudinal study of households heavily impacted by Hurricane Katrina. Community data were obtained from the Dun and Bradstreet Million Dollar Database and the American Community Survey.Outcome measure(s): Social disorder was assessed by asking respondents how concerned they are about issues such as being robbed or walking alone at night. Physical disorder was assessed by asking about problems experienced in the last month such as broken or missing windows and presence of mice or rats. Results: Greater income (β = −0.17, SE = 0.07), housing stability (β = −0.16, SE = 0.07), social support (β = −0.09, SE = 0.04), and home ownership (β = −0.10, SE = 0.05) were associated with lower social disorder and a larger male population at the community level was associated with greater social disorder (β = 0.00, SE = 0.00). Greater social support (β = −0.11, SE = 0.04), housing stability (β = −0.15, SE = 0.06), and higher income (β = −0.10, SE = 0.07) were associated with lower physical disorder.Conclusions: Longitudinal research is needed to understand the direction of influence between neighborhood factors and to household ability to provide for basic needs postdisaster. The findings also highlight the need for further research on postdisaster male behavior.

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Theall, Katherine P., Richard Scribner, Deborah Cohen, Ricky N. Bluthenthal, Matthias Schonlau und Thomas A. Farley. „Social capital and the neighborhood alcohol environment“. Health & Place 15, Nr. 1 (März 2009): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2008.06.001.

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Gulzar, Saima, Muhammad Asim und Rumana Khan Shirwani. „MEASURING SOCIAL CAPITAL IN PLANNED AND UNPLANNED NEIGHBORHOODS OF LAHORE: A CASE STUDY OF JOHAR TOWN AND SINGHPURA“. Journal of Research in Architecture and Planning 19, Nr. 2 (25.12.2015): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53700/jrap1922015_4.

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Social capital is an asset and is defined as the social networks and interactions that inspire trust and reciprocity among citizens necessary for the community development. The fundamental premise is that some neighborhood designs enable or encourage social ties or community connections, whereas others do not. Two case studies were selected, namely Singhpura (traditional settlement) and Johar Town (modern settlement) to measure the social capital in Lahore. Questionnaire was designed to conduct surveys at household level to measure social capital. Surveys were conducted among 154 respondents belonging to both areas. Statistical analysis of the data collected was done using the SPSS software. It was concluded that over the past few years, social capital in the neighborhoods of Lahore and different areas of Pakistan has decreased to a great extent. The design of neighborhoods promotes dependency on the private vehicles. Walkability decreases in planned areas but it is still available in unplanned old developed areas because of mixed land uses. Due to high level of walkability in these areas, social interaction is high as compared to planned areas and high income societies, where people have no value of social interaction and are busy in their personal work. In developed countries due to high social capital people participate in community level development projects, but in the case of Pakistan due to low level of social capital there is no concept of participatory development. It has been recommended here that new developments should follow the traditional urban forms where traditional neighborhood developments should be based on new urbanism principles, which encourage the use of undulating and straight streets that maximize pedestrian connectivity. These new developments should be a mix of compatible land uses and should work to incorporate elements such as architectural details and street furniture, encouraging human interaction on an urban scale. Keywords: Social Capital, Neighborhood, Traditional, Lahore.

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King, Jaron, Cassidy A. Hine, Tessa Washburn, Hunter Montgomery und Robert A. Chaney. „Intra-urban patterns of neighborhood-level social capital: a pilot study“. Health Promotion Perspectives 9, Nr. 2 (25.05.2019): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/hpp.2019.21.

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Background: Social capital is a construct of interaction and social trust in one’s fellow community members. These interactions can provide a safety net for individuals in terms of information, social support, and adherence to social norms. While a number of studies have previously examined the relationship between social capital and health outcomes, few have examined the theparallel relationship of social capital and geographic "place" with respect to health outcomes. Methods: Considering social capital as facilitated by specific structures, we evaluate the relationship between neighborhood-level social capital and disability rates in a major Southern US city. Disability rates were collected through neighborhood-level data via the AmericanCommunity Survey (ACS) and compared to a geocoded map of neighborhood-level social capital measures during spring, 2016. Results: Higher social capital within a neighborhood coincided with lower disability rates in that neighborhood (r=-0.14, P=0.016) when compared to random assortment models. Conclusion: Findings from this research add evidence to the value of the built environment, not only providing resources and shaping choices, but for facilitating important social relationships.

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Arat, Gizem, Arzu Icagasıoglu-Coban und Gonca Polat. „Social Capital Formation among Turkish Women“. Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 5, Nr. 1 (27.03.2013): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v5i1.2635.

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The purpose of the current study was to identify Turkish women’s social capital formation. This study consisted of 170 women with low SES residing closer to shantytowns. The authors performed the Logistic regression analysis to examine the social capital formation (civic engagement, trust, social participation, and social networks) of women in terms of six variables (age, educational level, employment and marital status, homeownership, community centers, and the length of stay in the same neighborhood) in four different community centers in Ankara, Turkey. Logistic regression results suggest that the length of stay in the same neighborhood was associated both with staying in touch with neighbors (social networks) and trust in municipal service provision (trust), and women’s educational level was associated with voting (civic engagement) and the utilization of municipal services (social participation). Further research should be conducted by comparing men’s and women’s social capital creation by adding other variables.

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Gonzalez, Mariaelena, Ashley Sanders-Jackson und Lisa Henriksen. „Social Capital and Tobacco Retail Outlet Density: An Empirical Test of the Relationship“. American Journal of Health Promotion 33, Nr. 7 (13.06.2019): 1020–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117119853716.

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Purpose: To examine the relationship between tobacco outlet density and social capital. Participants: Parents of at least one teen (N = 2734) in a representative sample of US households with teens (ages 13-16). Design: Population-based, cross-sectional survey of a web panel of adolescent–parent pairs matched with spatial data for address to characterize household neighborhoods. Setting: US households identified by latitude and longitude with a 50-ft random shift. Measures: Perceived social capital (trust and informal social control as reported by parents), tobacco outlet density (retailers per land area in 1/2-mile buffer around each household), neighborhood demographics (derived from American Community Survey), and parent demographics. Analysis: Multivariable regression examined the relationship between tobacco outlet density and social capital controlling for household buffer and individual-level covariates, including correlates of social capital. Results: Tobacco outlet density was inversely correlated with perceived trust in neighbors ( B = −1.12, P = .0004), but not social control ( B = 0.11, P = .731). Conclusion: This study is the first we are aware of to find that social capital is related to tobacco outlet density. The results imply that individuals with low social capital may benefit from policies regulating tobacco outlet density and may benefit from policies that address neighborhood inequality by increasing social capital and reducing poverty.

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Lochner, Kimberly A., Ichiro Kawachi, Robert T. Brennan und Stephen L. Buka. „Social capital and neighborhood mortality rates in Chicago“. Social Science & Medicine 56, Nr. 8 (April 2003): 1797–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00177-6.

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Nieuwenhuis, Jaap. „Neighborhood social capital and adolescents’ individual health development“. Social Science & Medicine 265 (November 2020): 113417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113417.

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Haines, Valerie A., John J. Beggs und Jeanne S. Hurlbert. „Neighborhood Disadvantage, Network Social Capital, and Depressive Symptoms“. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 52, Nr. 1 (28.02.2011): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146510394951.

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Curley, Alexandra M. „Relocating the Poor: Social Capital and Neighborhood Resources“. Journal of Urban Affairs 32, Nr. 1 (Februar 2010): 79–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.2009.00475.x.

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Temkin, Kenneth, und William M. Rohe. „Social capital and neighborhood stability: An empirical investigation“. Housing Policy Debate 9, Nr. 1 (Januar 1998): 61–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511482.1998.9521286.

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Boyce, William F., Diane Davies, Owen Gallupe und Danielle Shelley. „Adolescent Risk Taking, Neighborhood Social Capital, and Health“. Journal of Adolescent Health 43, Nr. 3 (September 2008): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.01.014.

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Kumar, Manish, und Laura Richman. „Challenges and Supports to Aging in Place in a Gentrifying Context“. Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (01.12.2020): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3227.

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Abstract Neighborhoods play a central role in healthy aging, with changes to neighborhoods having a profound impact on older adults’ ability to age in place. Using gentrification as an indicator of neighborhood change and applying the theoretical framework of the Environmental Press model (Lawton and Nahemow, 1973), this study examined the relationship between changing environments, affordable housing, and environmental attributes that support and hinder the health and well-being of older adults. A qualitative, case-study approach was used to interview low-income, majority Black older adults in a gentrifying area of Washington DC. 32 individuals (16 in non-profit and 16 in for-profit affordable housing) aged 55 and older participated in semi-structured interviews on perceptions of gentrification, neighborhood change, and challenges and supports to aging in place. Transcripts were then analyzed using the framework method of analysis. Although participants generally reported that gentrification improved their neighborhood’s built environment, many attributed it to a decline in social capital. Affordable housing provided an ability to age in place, though participants expressed uncertainty over their long-term ability to age in the context of continuing change. These findings suggest that while the physical changes accompanying gentrification may support older adults’ ability to age in place, its detrimental impact on social capital further increases their risk for social isolation. While affordable housing may enable older adults to age in place, fostering a greater sense of permanence and well-being will require additional policies that both increase accessibility to the physical amenities provided by gentrification and preserve older adults’ social capital.

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Dwyer, Laura A., Minal Patel, Linda C. Nebeling und April Y. Oh. „Independent Associations and Interactions of Perceived Neighborhood and Psychosocial Constructs on Adults’ Physical Activity“. Journal of Physical Activity and Health 15, Nr. 5 (01.05.2018): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2017-0202.

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Background: Neighborhood and psychosocial variables are related to physical activity (PA), yet interactions between these factors in predicting PA are infrequently studied. Methods: This analysis examines the independent associations and interactions between self-reported neighborhood and psychosocial variables in relation to moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) among adults from a US panel sample. Results: In adjusted models, neighborhood social capital was positively associated with meeting MVPA guidelines. Fewer barriers, greater self-efficacy, and greater autonomous motivation also corresponded with greater odds of meeting MVPA guidelines. An interaction between social capital and autonomous motivation showed that social capital was only associated with MVPA when autonomous motivation was high. Participants who reported both high autonomous motivation and high social capital were most likely to meet MVPA guidelines. Conclusions: Neighborhood social capital, barriers, self-efficacy, and autonomous motivation may be important correlates in promoting adults’ PA. Future directions include using objective neighborhood and PA data in similar analyses and investigating associations of neighborhood and psychosocial variables with multiple PA activities. Intervention research to promote PA should also examine whether effects of interventions targeting psychosocial constructs are moderated by features of an individual’s neighborhood or whether perceived social capital can be addressed in interventions in conjunction with psychosocial variables.

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Punia, I. Nengah, Ni Luh Nyoman Kebayantini und Wahyu Budi Nugroho. „Nyepi di Kampung Muslim Al-Amin: Leksikon Dinamika Sosial Toleransi Beragama di Denpasar, Bali“. Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies) 8, Nr. 1 (29.04.2018): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jkb.2018.v08.i01.p09.

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This research examines the habitus creation in the neighborhood of Al-Amin which is located at Banjar Sanglah, Denpasar City. This neighborhood evidently is able to actualize the inter-religious harmony since 1970 until now. In the related study, the concept of habitus from Pierre Bourdieu with formulation (Habitus x Capital) + Field = Practice was applied, while adopted the ethnography method. Through the conducted study, Bourdieu’s concept of habitus was able to explain the cognitive structure of various actors who play an essential role in the creation of the Al-Amin neighborhood, starting from the system of symbolic capital disposition, social capital, economic capital and cultural capital. Furthermore, the continuous harmony in the neighborhood of Al-Amin is due to its strong social and cultural capital. However, the harmony is inseparable from the framework between majority with minority, thus the character of social capital and especially the cultural capital in the neighborhood of Al-Amin tend to coopt other forms of capital.

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Lukasiewicz, Karolina, Ozge Sensoy Bahar, Samira Ali, Priya Gopalan, Gary Parker, Robert Hawkins, Mary McKay und Robert Walker. „Getting by in New York City: Bonding, Bridging and Linking Capital in Poverty–Impacted Neighborhoods“. City & Community 18, Nr. 1 (März 2019): 280–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12373.

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A lack or low level of social capital is associated with negative outcomes for communities impacted by poverty. However, less is known about how different types of social capital operate on the ground in poverty–impacted urban neighborhoods. This article explores the ways in which bonding, bridging, and linking capital manifest among residents of two poverty–impacted neighborhoods in New York City. Findings of the study reveal that urban neighborhood characteristics, more than individual–level factors, compromise the ability to develop and utilize the leveraging role of bridging and linking capital. Lack of safety resulted in limited trust, and involvement in community life limit bonding capital. Opportunities for bridging are restricted by the socioeconomically homogenous and spatially segregated nature of the communities. Linking capital is undermined by the lack of resources in the neighborhoods. These structural barriers prevent communities from breaking the cycle of poverty and should be explicitly targeted when developing interventions focused on building social capital.

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Yazdanpanah Shahabadi, Mohammad Reza, und Hasan Sajadzadeh. „Social aspect of quality of urban life: how does social capital affect desire of residents to continue living in historical neighborhoods? Evidence from Tehran, Iran“. Journal of Place Management and Development 13, Nr. 4 (19.06.2020): 493–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-10-2018-0072.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is on the social aspects of regeneration of historical neighborhoods in Iranian cities. For this purpose, the authors investigated the effect of the social capital of the residents of historical neighborhoods in Tehran on their subjective quality of life and on their willingness to continue living in these historical districts. This study was motivated by the fact that the primary issue in regeneration of Tehran’s historical districts is to stimulate the residents’ desire to continue living in their neighborhoods, thereby preventing the population from decreasing. Design/methodology/approach A review of the theoretical literature revealed that the subjective quality of urban life could act as an intermediary construct that explains the link between social capital and willingness to continue living in a district. With this assumption, the authors administered a questionnaire to 389 residents of different historical neighborhoods who had been randomly selected by cluster sampling. The analysis of the data and the relationships among the constructs was conducted using structural equation modeling. Findings The results suggest that increase in the participants’ social capital, including neighborhood bonds, civic participation, social networks and trust, could increase both their life satisfaction (i.e. subjective quality of urban life) and their willingness to live in the historical district. As indicated by the structural model of this study, the social capital both directly influences willingness to continue living and has an indirect effect on it through the intermediary construct of subjective quality of urban life. Practical implications The findings of this study can help the policymakers of historical districts in Tehran to determine high-priority strategies for regenerating these districts. Some of the most practical policies that can be applied to the context of Tehran include provision of facilities for enhancement of social networks and bonds, formation of non-governmental organizations and using neighborhood bonds to improve the environmental conditions of neighborhood units. Originality/value This study has several advantages. First, the measures used that were taken from the literature have been adjusted to the context of the study with the help of a group of experts. In other words, although the constructs have their roots in theory, their measures are of a local and context-based nature. Second, the obtained results would direct the current approaches to regeneration of historical districts in Iran, which primarily have a physical, economic and elitist basis, towards additional social and participatory approaches.

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Roberts, Patrick. „Social Capital and Disaster Resilience in the Ninth Ward“. Oñati Socio-legal Series 9, Nr. 9(3) (01.08.2019): 400–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1065.

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The conventional wisdom in disaster management is that communities exhibiting social capital are more likely to bounce back after disaster. This paper examines the link between social capital and resilience to disasters and climate change through an examination of New Orleans’ Lower Ninth Ward neighborhood before and after Hurricane Katrina. Using archives and interviews to examine the neighborhood’s recovery, the paper finds evidence for the existence of social capital and the properties of community resilience in the Lower Ninth Ward before the storm. Social capital and resilience proved to be fragile because the neighborhood was particularly vulnerable and lacked political power. Attempts to use social capital and community resilience alone as part of a strategy to combat climate change should take into account older notions of vulnerability and political power as important ingredients in community well-being. Este artículo analiza la relación entre capital social y resiliencia ante los desastres y ante el cambio climático a través de una observación del barrio de Lower Ninth Ward de Nueva Orleans antes y después del huracán Katrina. Utilizando archivos y entrevistas para examinar la recuperación de esa área, el artículo encuentra pruebas de que ya antes del huracán había capital social y las cualidades propias de la resiliencia comunitaria en el Lower Ninth Ward. El capital social y la resiliencia resultaron ser frágiles porque el barrio era especialmente vulnerable y carecía de poder político. Los intentos de utilizar el capital social y la resiliencia comunitaria como parte de la estrategia para combatir el cambio climático deberían fijarse en nociones más antiguas de vulnerabilidad y de poder político como ingredientes importantes para el bienestar comunitario.

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King, Diane. „Neighborhood and Individual Factors in Activity in Older Adults: Results From the Neighborhood and Senior Health Study“. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 16, Nr. 2 (April 2008): 144–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.16.2.144.

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This study examined whether features of the built environment and residents’ perceptions of neighborhood walkability, safety, and social cohesion were associated with self-reported physical activity (PA) and community-based activity among a sample of 190 older adults (mean age 74) residing in 8 Denver neighborhoods. Neighborhood walking audits were conducted to assess walkability and social capital. In multilevel analyses, a few walkability variables including curb cuts, crosswalks, and density of retail predicted greater frequency of walking for errands (p < .05), but mean frequency of walking for errands for this sample was low (<1/wk). Contrary to expectations, total PA and community-based activity were highest in neighborhoods with fewer walkability variables but higher respondent perceptions of safety and social cohesion (p < .01). For seniors, the importance of characteristics of the built environment in promoting PA and general activity engagement might be secondary to attributes of the social environment that promote safety and social cohesion.

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김승남, Jae Hong Kim und Kun-Hyuck Ahn. „The Effect of Residential Site Development on Residents’ Social Capital : A Comparison between Neighborhood Social Capital and General Social Capital“. Korea Spatial Planning Review 71, Nr. ll (Dezember 2011): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15793/kspr.2011.71..003.

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Honold, Jasmin, Pia-Maria Wippert und Elke van der Meer. „Urban Health Resources: Physical and Social Constitutes of Neighborhood Social Capital“. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 131 (Mai 2014): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.154.

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Lee, Jae Young, und David R. Bell. „Neighborhood Social Capital and Social Learning for Experience Attributes of Products“. Marketing Science 32, Nr. 6 (November 2013): 960–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2013.0796.

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