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1
Reynolds, Julie Christine. „Neighborhood and family social capital and oral health status of children in Iowa“. Thesis, University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5048.
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Oral health disparities in children is an important public health issue in the United States. A growing body of evidence exists supporting the social determinants of oral health, moving beyond individual predictors of disease to family- and community-level influences.
The goal of this study is to examine one such social determinant, social capital, at the family and neighborhood levels and their relationships with oral health in Iowa children. A statewide representative data source, the 2010 Iowa Child and Family Household Health Survey, was analyzed cross-sectionally for child oral health status as the outcome, a four-item index of neighborhood social capital and four separate indicators for family social capital as the main predictors, and seven covariates. Soda consumption was checked as a potential mediator between the social capital variables and oral health status. A significant association was found between oral health status and the neighborhood social capital index (p=0.005) and family frequency of eating meals together (p=0.02) after adjusting for covariates. Neighborhood social capital and family function, a component of family social capital, may independently influence child oral health outcomes.
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Burns, William B. „Creating healthy communities an examination of the relationship between land use mix, neighborhood public realm engagement and neighborhood social capital“. Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4559.
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This research provides a confirmatory based analysis which begins with the planning concept of land use mix and explores its explanatory affect upon resident perceptions of their built environment in terms of proximity of recreation and retail destinations within their neighborhood public realm. This research further explores the resident's potential inclination to access these destinations by non motorized active travel modes of walking or bicycling. This research examines the relationship between the propensity for active travel within the neighborhood public realm and levels of resident active engagement (walking and bicycling) and passive engagement (sitting on the front porch) in the neighborhood public realm. This research then examines the relationship between public realm engagement and levels of neighborhood social capital. There are two overarching types of community design patterns, the traditional design pattern, which generally provides higher levels of land use mix and the conventional suburban design pattern, which generally provides lower levels of land use mix (primarily single use). Since the end of World War II, virtually all of the Florida landscape has been developed with the conventional suburban design pattern. In the past ten years, several planning based initiatives have been undertaken by regional planning advocacy and academic organizations which examine differing outcomes associated with the implementation of traditional versus suburban design patterns. Specifically, these studies sought to understand how these different design patterns would translate into the development of existing undisturbed uplands and wetlands.; This research seeks to add evidence based research to the public policy discussion pertaining to the type of future land development patterns that will be advocated by citizens and public policy makers by providing a fuller evaluative resource that includes a discussion of "healthy communities" in terms of outdoor physical activity and social interaction.; Two major studies, the Penn Design Study (2004) sponsored by the University of Central Florida Metropolitan Center for Regional Studies and the "How Shall We Grow" (2006) study sponsored by MyRegion.org in association with the Orlando Chamber of Commerce, provided scenarios associated with future growth outcomes over the next fifty years within the seven county Central Florida region. These study initiatives concluded that the conventional suburban pattern should no longer be implemented in order to reduce future adverse impacts to Florida's environment. These studies supported the implementation of a more traditional pattern of growth, with its higher levels of compactness, mixed land uses and connectivity, as the preferred form of future land development. They demonstrated that traditional design forms would reduce the amount of impacted undeveloped land and also reduce the amount of public service costs associated with lower levels of compactness and land use mix. Although the aforementioned studies provide a very informative evaluation from an environmental perspective, they do not extend their differing potential growth scenarios to a "healthy communities" perspective. This research endeavors to begin to fill that gap through evidence based research using a confirmatory model approach that addresses relationships between phenomena that may be indicative of healthy communities. This study identifies the phenomena of outdoor neighborhood public realm engagement, primarily in the form of physical activity (walking and bicycling) and socializing in the public realm, and neighborhood level social capital, and their potential relationship with higher and lower levels of land use mix. This research posits a pathway mechanism, using structural equation modeling, to better grasp their possible relationships.ID: 029049717; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 177-192).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Health and Public Affairs
Public Affairs
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Williams, Seth Alan. „Perceptions of the Police and Fear of Crime: The Role of Neighborhood Social Capital“. Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1440351447.
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Yun, Jinhee. „NEIGHBORHOOD EFFECTS OF SOCIAL CAPTIAL ON CHILDREN AND ITS MEANING FOR ADULTHOOD OUTCOMES“. Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1624538609014818.
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Wood, Lisa Jane. „Social capital, neighbourhood environments and health : development of measurement tools and exploration of links through qualitative and quantitative research“. University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0111.
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[Truncated abstract] BACKGROUND This thesis explored the relationship between social capital, sense of community and mental health and wellbeing; and factors that may influence these within the environments in which people live. Area variations in health are well documented and are mirrored in emerging evidence of geographic and neighbourhood variations in social capital. Little is known, however, about the specific facets of the impact of local physical environment on social capital; or about the mechanisms by which these are linked with each other, and with health determinants and outcomes. Despite the recent proliferation of social capital literature and growing research interest within the public health realm, its relationship to mental health and protective factors for mental health have also been relatively unexplored. AIMS The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the potential associations between social capital, health and mental health, and neighbourhood environments. In particular, the thesis considered whether the physical attributes and street network design of neighbourhoods are associated with social capital or particular dimensions of the social capital construct. It also examined the relationship between social capital and demographic and residency factors and pet ownership ... CONCLUSION The combined use of qualitative and quantitative research is a distinguishing feature of this study, and the triangulation of these data has a unique contribution to make to the social capital literature. Studies concerned with the measurement of social capital to date have tended to focus on dimensions pertaining to people’s involvement, perceptions and relationship with others and their community. While these constructs provide insight into what comprises social capital, it is clear that each is in turn influenced by a range of other factors. Elucidating what fosters trust and neighbourly interactions in one community and not in another, and by what mechanisms, is one of many research questions unanswered in the published literature to date. The consideration of measures of social capital that relate to the physical environment is therefore of relevance to the growing research and public policy interest in identifying what might build or restore social capital in communities.
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Moore, Lorinda. „Adolescent sexual behaviors and neighborhood context : what are the roles of intergenerational closure and social capital?“ Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45357.
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Neighborhood social capital—resources inherent in social networks—has been shown to be associated with the heath behaviors of neighborhood residents. This association, however, has been found to be both positive and negative, indicating that the ways in which neighborhood networks influence individual health behaviors vary. In this thesis, I formulate and test hypotheses concerning how neighborhood intergenerational closure—the extent to which local parents know each other and their children—and different forms of social capital (social support, social leverage, informal social control, and neighborhood organization participation) may be both positively and negatively associated with adolescent sexual behaviors (engagement in sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, and condom use). Analyses of multi-level data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (n=662 adolescents residing in 65 census tracts), indicate that greater intergenerational closure is associated with decreased odds of ever having sex and having inconsistent condom use. By contrast, greater informal social control is associated with increased odds of ever having sex and having inconsistent condom use. Neither intergenerational closure nor any of the four forms of social capital were found to be predictive of number of sexual partners. The findings highlight the complex ways in which the communities in which they reside may influence adolescents’ sexual behaviors.
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Harrison, Peggie Arnzellique. „Neighborhood and Community Influence on Adolescent Obesity“. ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4370.
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In the United States, over two-thirds of adults are overweight or obese, and the number of children and adolescents who are overweight is increasing. Obesity is a significant issue as obesity-related chronic diseases can result in diminished quality or life, high morbidity and mortality, and substantial healthcare costs. The purpose of this study was to examine neighborhood social capital and how it relates to adolescent obesity. The socio-ecological model was used as the theoretical framework of this study to examine how the environment and social contexts influence health behaviors. Utilizing a quantitative cross-sectional research design, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted on 43864 10 to 17 year-olds using secondary data from the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children's Health. Controlling for age, gender, race, and overall health status, logistic regression analysis indicated that supportive environments predict the odds of adolescent overweight and obesity, while safer communities did not significantly predict the odds of adolescent overweight or obesity. The results of this study showed that there was a significant association between living in a supportive neighborhood and a decreased likelihood of an adolescent being overweight or obese (OR = 0.797). Associations were also found in demographic variables such as race, gender, and age. Positive social change implications from this study may include use of the findings by public health practitioners to better understand the factors that influence adolescent obesity in general, and the role of the social neighborhood environment in particular. In turn, public health workers can use this improved understanding to improve the quality of interventions, programs, and policies, resulting in positive social change among adolescents.
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Smith, Ronald S. „Discerning differences in social capital the significance of interpersonal network and neighborhood association structure on citizen participation /“. [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3206874.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Political Science, 2006.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: A, page: 0325. Adviser: Robert Huckfeldt. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed Feb. 8, 2007)."
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Qian, Chengyuan. „The change of social capital during planning intervention in neighborhood reconstruction : A case study in small-sized Chinese city“. Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-35508.
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The economic capital, cultural capital especially social capital have significant effect on forming the small-sized Chinese city. This article argues for understandings of the spatial form of capital based on the special context in China and mainly focuses on social network in the scale of neighborhood. Reviews of documentation in the city discussed are exemplified as firsthand data for case study. Furthermore, the qualitative narration concerning five elements of social capital- “social network, trust, security, sense of belonging and participation”-is adopted as useful lens for evaluating the existing situation and better involvement of social capital in space is prompted as an effective solution. An overall assessment of the performance of social capital in the case is concluded and recommendations are presented for future improvement of enhancing social capital onsite.
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Sweetman, Heidi. „Categorical latent variable modeling approaches to the study of neighborhood poverty, social capital, and their relationship to academic achievement“. Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.83 Mb., 179 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3221132.
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Scott, Floy Odetta. „The influence of neighborhood, family, school, and student dimensions of social capital on academic achievement an integrated theoretical framework /“. CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-04302007-142743/.
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Mitchell-Brown, Joanna L. „The Role of Social Capital and Community Development within First-Suburbs: The Case of Greater Cincinnati Region“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337287847.
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Chafetz, Ross Simeon. „RISK OF OBESITY IN YOUTHS WITH FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS AND THE POTENTIALLY MEDIATING EFFECT OF YOUTH LIFESTYLE, PARENTING EXPERIENCE, NEIGHBORHOOD SOCIAL CAPITAL AND SOCIAL PARTICIPATION“. Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/160449.
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Public HealthPh.D.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was twofold, to determine (1) if obesity is more prevalent among youths with functional limitations than among youths without special needs; and (2) to determine if variables related to the domains of youth lifestyle, parenting experience, perceived social capital, and youth social participation mediate the relationship between youths with functional limitations and obesity. Design: This study is a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the nationally representative dataset, the National Survey of Children’s Health. Exposure: Youths between the ages of 10 and 17 with functional limitations or no special healthcare needs. Outcome: Sex-specific body mass index ≥ 95th for age percentile values using 2000 Center of Disease Control growth charts. Variables of interest: Potential mediators were examined in four domains: (1) youth lifestyle, defined as participation in after-school sports, physical activities, hours spent watching television, having a television set in the youth’s bedroom, eating family meals together, and getting enough sleep; (2) parenting experience, defined as parental aggravation, coping, and emotional support; (3) perceived neighborhood social capital; and (4) youth social participation, defined as participation in after-school club activities. Results: Gender was an effect modifier, with 27.7% of females with functional limitations being obese, as compared to 12.9% of females with no special needs. There was no statistically significant difference between the prevalence of obesity in male youths with functional limitations and in those with no special needs. The association between female youths with functional limitations and obesity was partly mediated by participation in after-school sports and participation in physical activities. Conclusion/Implications: The findings from this study suggest that lack of female participation in after-school sports and physical activities is partly responsible for the increased prevalence of obesity in those with functional limitations compared to those with no special needs. Future interventions that reduce barriers to and increase facilitators of after-school sports and physical activities could reduce the difference in obesity prevalences between females with functional limitations and those with no special needs.
Temple University--Theses
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Santos, Carla Graciane dos. „Capital social, características do local de residência e autopercepção do estado de Saúde“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-05062017-170859/.
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Introdução. Capital social é definido como as características das associações e cooperações humanas que podem ter efeito na saúde. Estudos realizados na última década apontam para uma associação positiva entre maior capital social e melhores indicadores de saúde. Entretanto, algumas características da vizinhança de residência podem atuar como mediadores dessa associação, um tema ainda pouco analisado na literatura científica. Estudos nessa área podem ajudar a melhor entender o efeito do capital social em uma sociedade com altos índices de desigualdade e violência, como é o caso da brasileira. Objetivo. Analisar se as características da vizinhança atuam como mediadores da associação entre o capital social e a autopercepção de saúde. Metodologia. Foram usados os dados da linha de base (2008-2010) do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). O ELSA-Brasil é uma coorte multicêntrica, composta por 15.105 funcionários públicos, ativos e aposentados, de ambos os sexos e com idades entre 35-74 anos vinculados a seis diferentes instituições de ensino e pesquisa brasileiras. As variáveis independentes de interesse foram os domínios de apoio social e de prestígio e educação e de coesão social de vizinhança individual, todos analisados no nível individual. Para a análise dos efeitos da vizinhança foram considerados apenas os indivíduos residentes no mesmo endereço há pelo menos cinco anos. As características de vizinhança estudadas foram: ambiente para atividade física, disponibilidade de alimentos saudáveis, segurança, violência percebida e vitimização. Modelos regressão logísticos foram sequencialmente ajustados para cada uma das características de vizinhança de interesse. Resultados. Os modelos apontam para uma associação consistente entre indicadores mais elevados de apoio e coesão social de vizinhança e melhor autopercepção de saúde, mesmo após o ajuste pelas características do local de residência. Por outro lado, a dimensão referente a prestigio e educação não apresentou uma associação significativa com a situação de saúde em nenhum dos modelos. O apoio social apresentou, na maioria dos modelos, um odds ratio (OR) de 0,81 (95 por cento , IC: 0,69-0,95) em indivíduos com apoio social moderado e OR de 0,62 (95 por cento , IC: 0,52-0,74) em indivíduos com apoio social elevado, mesmo após o controle pelas características da vizinhança. A coesão social da vizinhança também não apresentou modificação em seus efeitos e manteve para a maioria dos modelos um OR de 0,76 (95 por cento , IC: 0,67 0,85) para os indivíduos com coesão social moderada e OR de 0,82 (95 por cento , IC: 0,72 0,93) para os indivíduos com coesão social elevada. Apesar de todas as características de vizinhança terem apresentado associação significativa com a autopercepção de saúde, nenhuma causou modificação significante na associação entre os domínios de capital social e autopercepção de saúde. Conclusão. As características de vizinhança não alteraram significativamente a associação entre capital social e autopercepção de saúde, o que aponta para um efeito do capital social na saúde independentemente das características do local de residência. Entretanto, novos estudos são necessários para que os detalhes dos mecanismos envolvidos, principalmente em relação à possibilidade de causalidade reversa e ao tempo de exposição à vizinhança, sejam plenamente elucidadosIntroduction. Social capital can be defined as the characteristics of human associations and cooperation that may have an effect on people\'s health. Studies conducted in the last decade point to a positive association between higher social capital and better health indicators. However, some characteristics of the neighborhood in which people live can act as mediators of this association, an area not yet analyzed in the scientific literature. Studies that analyze this association can help to improve the understanding of the effect of social capital in a society with high levels of inequality and violence, as is the Brazilian society. Objective. The aim of this thesis is to analyze whether neighborhood characteristics act as mediators of the association between social capital and self-perception of health. Methodology. Baseline data (2008-2010) from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study for Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) was analyzed. ELSA-Brasil is a multi-center cohort of 15,105 active and retired civil servants of both sexes aged between 35-74 years linked to six different Brazilian teaching and research institutions. The multiple variables were the domains of social support, prestige and education and social cohesion of individual neighborhood, all analyzed at the individual level. For the analysis of neighborhood effects, only individuals residing at the same postal address for at least five years were included. The neighborhood characteristics studied were: physical activity environment, availability of healthy foods, safety, perceived violence and victimization. Logistic regression models were sequentially adjusted for each of the neighborhood characteristics of interest. Results. The models point to a consistent association between both higher support indicators and social neighborhood cohesion with better health status, even after adjusting for neighborhood characteristics. On the other hand, the dimension of prestige and education did not present a significant association with health situation in any of the models. Social support presented an odds ratio (OR) of 0.81 (95 per cent , CI: 0.69-0.95) for individuals with moderate social support and an OR of 0.62 (95 per cent CI, CI: 0.52-0.74) for individuals with high social support, even after controlling for neighborhood characteristics. Neighborhood social cohesion also did not presented modifications in its effects and remained stable in most OR models: 0.76 (95 per cent CI 0.67-0.85) for individuals with moderate social cohesion and 0,82 (95 per cent , CI: 0.72-0.93) for individuals with high social cohesion. Although all neighborhood characteristics presented a significant association with self-perception of health, none caused a change in the association between social capital domains and self- perception of health. Conclusions. The results indicate that neighborhood characteristics did not significantly alter the association between social capital and self-perception of health, which points to an effect of social capital on health regardless of neighborhood characteristics. However, new studies are needed in order to fully elucidate the details of the mechanisms involved, especially in relation to reverse causation and exposure time within a neighborhood
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Kim, Jung Wook. „The Civic Roles of Neighborhood Associations in Seoul, Korea: Implications for Urban Governance“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984134/.
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This dissertation answers three research questions: "What differences and similarities exist among neighborhood associations in the United States, Japan, and Seoul, South Korea?," "What are the civic roles of neighborhood associations in apartment complexes in Seoul, South Korea?," and "What factors promote neighborhood associations to play civic roles in urban governance?" To answer the first question, this research analyzes the purposes, governance structures, roles, and legal substance of neighborhood associations by reviewing previous studies, public and legal documents, court cases in the U.S., and by conducting interviews. To answer the second and the third questions, a 2016 survey, "Understanding the Roles of Neighborhood Associations in Urban Governance" was conducted with 154 representatives of neighborhood associations in Seoul. Social capital theory, government failure theory, and third party government theory were used to create hypotheses that test proposed relationships about neighborhood interactions, community characteristics, and the civic roles played by neighborhood associations. The findings show that neighborhood associations have adopted several roles including service provider, partner in public service delivery for local government, and advocate for residents in urban governance. The findings also show that social capital created by neighborhood interactions and community characteristics facilitates neighborhood associations to play civic roles in urban governance.
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Anil, Bulent. „The Persistence of Spatial Mismatch: The Determinants of Moving Decision Among Low-Income Households“. Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/43.
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This dissertation aims to investigate alternative explanations for the adjustment of low-income inner-city minorities to residential locations. Particularly, this study searches for an answer to find the reason why low-income inner-city minorities do not move to residential locations with more job opportunities (suburbs). Much of the basis for the analysis in this dissertation derives from the irreversible investment theory under the assumption that moving can be considered as an irreversible investment. First, this study formulates a search model in which individuals simultaneously search for jobs and residential locations in two places: suburb and inner-city. Second, by employing The Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and Geocode files, this study attempts to address how social capital plays a role in households’ moving decisions under the irreversibility assumption. This study presents evidence that the social capital has a negative causal effect on moving decision, that is, the high levels of social capital reduce the probability of moving.
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Peng, Longrui. „Community oasis : how does the Dudley Greenhouse build social capital to revitalize the Dudley neighborhood and what lessons may be offered for other communities interested in embarking on greenhouse efforts?“ Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99092.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 97-99).
This thesis proposes that social capital, as the vehicle for community-building at a community-based scale, can address the strains placed on a neighborhood from revitalization. This strategy can play a vital role in the urban design process of the local neighborhood. My thesis presents a case study of the Dudley Greenhouse in Dudley Square, Boston, Massachusetts, which plays a role in revitalizing the local neighborhood by building social capital in the space. Residents are suffering from unsustainable development, poverty, unemployment, crimes, and investment isolation. After many years of grass-roots efforts, the Dudley neighborhood revitalization is gathering momentum. The Dudley Greenhouse is a result of very deliberate organization and community-building strategies. It builds social capital to support the people in this low-income neighborhood. The structure and relationships in the Dudley neighborhood are rebuilt to reconnect the isolated community with resources of the city and region. Other than simply offering financial benefits and/or services to the low-income people, the Dudley Greenhouse builds up the networks of local residents through a process that supports their common values and contributions in the improvement of the local community. The reputation of the Dudley Greenhouse is overwhelmingly positive. The users of the greenhouse are excited to describe the progress they have made toward the goals in different stories, and expressing the desire of the continuous participation. Participants are gaining increased food produces and access to them, building community through networking with others in the communal gathering space with multiple links to the outside areas. All the evidence point to the significance of the combination of physical construction as an incubator and storage, social capital creation as a community revitalization engine, and the mechanism of such non-economic, less costly forms of solutions which can be an important source and addition of power and influence in the urban design process.
by Longrui Peng.
M.C.P.
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Embry, Margaret. „Designing Community: The Application of New Urban Principles to Create Authentic Communities“. [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003254.
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Swofford, Jacqueline Victoria. „Social and Human Capital: Contributing Effects of Incarceration on Neighborhoods“. PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/261.
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Interest in human and social capital's contribution to the desistence of crime is increasingly popular amongst criminologists, economists and policy makers. However, little attention has been drawn to the influence human and social capital indicators contribute towards the relationship between the re-entry process and juvenile crime at the neighborhood level. The current study hypothesizes the existence of a mediating relationship between human and social capital indicators (2000) and the rates of receiving formerly incarcerated persons (1997-2002) and juvenile arrest (2006-08) in 92 Portland, Oregon neighborhoods. Portland, Oregon receives more formerly incarcerated persons from Oregon's state correctional facilities than any other city or county in Oregon. Using neighborhood rates of residents with house-hold income above 50K, high school graduation, and annual income type: retired or government assistance, as proxies for human capital measures and neighborhood rates of residents employed by non-profit organizations, number of churches, and self-employment as proxies for social capital measures, OLS regression and bivariate correlations tested for a mediating effect between human and social capital on rates of re-entry and juvenile arrest rates. Findings indicate neighborhoods with increased rates of returnees have higher rates of juvenile delinquency. In addition, mediating human and social capital indicators affect the direct relationship between re-entry and juvenile crime: neighborhoods with more residents receiving retirement income, higher percent of self-employed residents, non-profit employees, or higher rates of residents earning income above 50K had lower rates of returnees in their communities. Greater rates of Portland neighborhoods which house residents with high proportions of house-hold incomes above 50K per year see increases in the rate of juvenile crime. Rates of neighborhood churches showed a positive correlation with on both rates of returnees and juvenile crime; obtaining a high school diploma was also associated with increased returnee rates and juvenile crime. Neighborhoods with more residents who are self-employed or employed by non-profit organizations had reduced rates of returnees and juvenile crime. Future research and recommendations are discussed to examine the impact of these findings on neighborhoods with formerly incarcerated persons, levels of human and social capital and juvenile crime in Portland, Oregon.
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Smith, Thomas A. „A Tale of Two Communities: Exploring Social Capital in Cincinnati's Madisonville and Oakley Neighborhoods“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1258491282.
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Taylor, Debra K. Olson Philip G. „Cass County history's sociological effect on present day community attachment /“. Diss., UMK access, 2005.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Dept. of Sociology. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2005."A thesis in sociology." Typescript. Advisor: Philip G. Olson. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed June 27, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-92). Online version of the print edition.
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Kang, Bin. „Effects of open spaces on the interpersonal level of resident social capital: a comparative case study of urban neighborhoods in Guangzhou, China“. Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3838.
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China has experienced the rapid socioeconomic change that leads to the
evolution of social and physical environment in urban neighborhoods. In recently built
neighborhoods, residents lack mutual trust and a sense of community; the neighborhood
open spaces have been improved but still do not function well for developing resident
social capital.
Social capital is a comprehensive concept for evaluating community
development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate residents social capital in
ChinaÂs urban context and to examine the relationships between social capital and
neighborhood open spaces. The review of literature identified five interpersonal factors
of social capital: social network, trust, security and safety, belongingness, and
engagement, which were related to neighborhood physical environment.
In the city of Guangzhou, two neighborhoods were selected as study fields and two hundred and fifty subjects were randomly selected in each neighborhood to
participate in a questionnaire survey. More than 75% subjects returned questionnaires.
Ten residents of them then participated in semi-structured interviews. Observation
recorded residents activities in open spaces. Data were analyzed by statistical methods
and domain analysis strategy.
The results of statistical examinations demonstrated that residents living with a
large number of neighborhood open spaces had higher degrees of social capital than
residents lacking open spaces; residents using open spaces frequently developed higher
degrees of social capital than residents using open spaces less; residents who were
satisfied with their open spaces held higher degrees of social capital than those who were
not satisfied with open spaces.
Semi-structured interviews explained that well-designed open spaces attracted
inhabitants to participate in outdoor activities, which encouraged social interaction
among residents, enhanced their mutual trust, expanded social network, and strengthened
belongingness to neighborhood. However, open spaces were found not to obviously
improve resident engagement. Observations unveiled that a highly versatile and flexible
outdoor space was the favorite place for residents of all ages.
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Poley, Lisa D. „Community and the Habits of Democratic Citizenship: An Investigation into Civic Engagement, Social Capital and Democratic Capacity-Building in U.S. Cohousing Neighborhoods“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29434.
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Widespread concern over recent changes in American civic life has spawned arguments in a range of disciplines about the importance of social capital, citizen civic capacity and deliberative democratic engagement in supporting the development of engaged citizens, as well as supporting a democracy that is effective, publicly-minded and accountable.
This study contributes to this literature by empirically investigating the potential for a specific type of place-based community development called â cohousingâ to enhance the quantity and quality of resident civic engagement. Cohousing neighborhoods marry elements of social contact design with democratic self-governance and intentional social practices designed to build trust and cohesion among neighbors. In addition to investigating civic engagement in cohousing, this study investigates the degree to which U.S. cohousing neighborhoods build social capital, develop residentsâ democratic capacities and provide a platform for deliberative democratic practice.
The results of the study indicate extraordinarily high levels of civic engagement by U.S. cohousing residents as compared to both the general population and to individuals with similar educational, income and racial characteristics. A multiple-case analysis of three neighborhoods, selected for positive deviance in civic engagement levels, were found to possess high levels of trust, social cohesion and norms of reciprocity. Case community residents were also found to be developing a range of democratic capacities, individually and collectively, particularly through engagement in community self-governance via structures of distributed leadership and the use of consensus-based, community decision-making processes.
This study suggests that self-governing, communities of place, such as cohousing neighborhoods may represent a promising new avenue for enhanced citizen-engagement at the grassroots-community level. These neighborhoods also represent an excellent arena for future investigation into conditions, necessary and sufficient, to catalyze increased democratic capacity and civic engagement on the part of citizens.Ph. D.
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Spielhaupter, Alex. „Active Citizenship and Ethnic Associational Networks in the Multi-ethnic Neighborhoods of Holma and Kroksbäck: Policy Strategies and Barriers to Foster Social Capital“. Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22741.
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Social sustainability and sustainable communities are strongly linked to the concepts of social cohesion and social capital. Social capital arises through social networks, active citizenship, community volunteerism and taking part in social networks, which may be family, friends or associations. Through a high level of social capital, social cohesion can be fostered in communities. This is the aim of current urban policies, as cities nowadays struggle with high degrees of social segregation, fragmentation and polarisation. In an urban context these problems become visible through deprived neighborhoods, which are physically and socially isolated from the urban core. This phenomenon often goes hand in hand with ethnic segregation. These problems also emerge in Scandinavian cities, like the city of Malmö in southern Sweden. This paper will thus show what kind of policies are undertaken by the municipality to face social exclusion and to support active citizenship in the neighborhoods. This will be demonstrated with the aid of the case of the neighborhoods of Holma and Kroksbäck in the southern fringe of Malmö. In these neighborhoods, dominated by immigrants from the Middle East, former Yugoslavia and Albania, the level of trust is low and social capital is eroded. Ethnic associations thereby play an important role as the voice of local residents in collaboration with the municipality. Some examples of successfully facilitated actions by citizens’ participation in urban development by local residents- and barriers which occur will be analyzed.
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Harper, Maya Marie. „The Tampa Heights Greenprinting Initiative an attempt at community building through park revitalization /“. [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000587.
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Ojah, Maharaj Shrimatee. „Increasing the Supply of the Missing Middle Housing Types in Walkable Urban Core Neighborhoods: Risk, Risk Reduction and Capital“. Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7877.
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There is a low supply of the missing middle housing types (MMH) in walkable urban core neighborhoods. That is, a variety of compact low- to mid-rise housing in walkable areas that are accessible to entertainment, recreational and other amenities. The largest demographic, the millennials, followed by the baby boomers, prefer the MMH types. The MMH types is a new name for a variety of compact housing types that existed in traditional neighborhoods in urban areas pre-World War II. However, due to changes in housing preferences after World War II, the requisite land use and zoning changes facilitated larger single-family homes phasing out the MMH types. Efforts to reintroduce the MMH types is these areas are met with opposition.
This research investigates increasing the supply of the MMH types in walkable urban core neighborhoods. The literature review reveals, prior to this one, no academic study at this level was done to understand how to increase the supply of MMH types in these areas.
This research explores the views of stakeholders in urban planning and various professions related to housing and the MMH types in the Tampa Bay Area, to better understand the issues involved in the low supply of the MMH types in urban core areas.
The data for this qualitative research was guided by a grounded theory methodology (Corbin & Strauss, 2014) and was derived from thirty-nine semi-structured interviews with stakeholders to find out what factors inhibit and ways to improve the supply of the MMH types in the Tampa Bay area.
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Marwell, Nicole Paige. „Social networks and social capital as resources for neighborhood revitalization /“. 2000. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:9978046.
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Mesquita, Ana Medina da Costa Mota. „Social capital : Social capital and psychological sense of community in the neighborhood - Predicting and preventing“. Master's thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/4621.
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Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto UniversitárioThis paper focuses on the predictive and preventive aspects of Social Capital in the context of neighborhoods and how that prevention can be done. At the same time, crosses social capital with the concept of Sense of Community, showing their intrinsic relation. The conclusion was that Sense of Community strongly builds up Social Capital and that by enhancing Social Capital it can have a preventive role in many different social and individual situations such as, for example, child development, school drop-out, health, general well-being. Therefore, by preventing problems we can conclude that Social Capital improves life in the neighborhoods.
O artigo apresentado centra-se nos aspectos preditivos e preventivos do Capital Social no contexto da vida em comunidade, e em como essa prevenção pode ser feita. Em simultâneo, cruza o capital social com o conceito de Sentimento Psicológico de Comunidade, demonstrando a sua relação intrínseca. Conclui-se que o Sentimento Psicológico de Comunidade fortalece e ajuda a construir Capital Social, e que ao estimular o Capital Social este pode ter um papel preventivo em diversas situações individuais, como por exemplo, o desenvolvimento de uma criança, abandono escolar, saúde, e bem-estar generalizado. Como tal, podemos concluir que, ao prevenir problemas, o Capital Social promove uma melhor qualidade de vida na comunidade.
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Jang, Myungjun. „Social capital and philanthropic contributions to community development organizations a case of Florida's neighborhood assistance program /“. 2008. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05082008-131819.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2008.Advisor: Charles E. Connerly, Florida State University, College of Social Science, Dept. of Urban and Regional Planning. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 15, 2008). Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 161 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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Kim, Hyung Jin. „School-Community Relations, Social Capital and Children's Walking to School Behaviors“. Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10402.
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In spite of increasing interests in the relationship between neighborhood environments and children's walking-to-school behaviors, few studies have examined the dynamic nature of school-community relationships from physical and social perspectives. Questions such as how centrally the school is located within the larger community, and how connected or accessible the school is to the surrounding communities, will have significant implications for children?s walking to school and physical activity behaviors and also for the community's social capital.
The primary aims of this study are: (a) to assess the association between school-community relations and social capital among parents of school children; (b) to assess the relationship between school-community relations and walking-to-school behaviors among school children; and (c) to examine the mediating effects of social capital on the relationship of (b).
This cross-sectional study focuses on children and parents from 19 elementary schools in the Austin Independent School District (AISD) in Austin, Texas, utilizing the parental Safe Routes to School (SRTS) survey and conducting a follow-up Parental Social Capital survey to gather additional in-depth data on social capital. Also objective measurements are performed to assess school-community relations and physical environments using the spatial centrality index and Geographical Information System (GIS) network analysis at/around schools and surrounding communities. Data analyses are conducted based at the school/community-level and the individual-level (large full data and small sub-group data) separately by using ANOVAs, bivariate statistical analysis and multivariate statistical models.
Overall findings of this study show that: (a) neighborhood schools have more students walking to school and a higher centrality of the school than non-neighborhood schools; (b) differences in social capital between neighborhood schools and non-neighborhood schools are not significant or are only marginally significantly; (c) two social capital variables, "volunteerism" and "social cohesion" are correlated with children's walking-to-school behaviors but no significant mediating effect is found for social capital in the association between school-community relations and children's walking-to-school behaviors; and (d) "volunteerism" is shown to be positively correlated with "perceived centrality" but negatively associated with all objective centrality measures. The other social capital variable of "social cohesion" has a positive correlation with one of the objective centrality measures, "closeness centrality."
Findings of this study may contribute to research exploring the dynamics of school-community relations with socio-spatial perspectives, and also bring attention to the policy makers for school siting in the large community context and evidence-based knowledge promoting healthy community design.
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Hsu, Hsin-Yu, und 徐幸瑜. „Burglary Prevention and Social Capital-The comparative case studies of two neighborhoods in Taipei“. Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11172816200517058323.
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