Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Nehru and Patel“

We characterize the emergence, beginning and end of the crisis in East Pakistan in 1950 and India’s reaction to the events on its North-Eastern borders. The central figure of the study is the Minister of Home Affairs and at the same time the Minister of States of India Vallabhbhai Patel – a politician of India, a disciple of Mahatma Gandhi and a friend of Jawaharlal Nehru, an indisputable authority in the ruling Indian National Congress, which for all that is very poorly studied in domestic science. Complex personality, the informal leader of India and Congress, he remained on the second place only at the behest of M. Gandhi. A devoted servant of the people, a native of a peasant family, who later became a brilliant lawyer and politician, V. Patel has repeatedly saved India at the crucial moments in history. The study is based on the Indian sources and continues our series of publications on the role and place of V. Patel in the history of independent India.

The political condition of Tamil Nadu, starting from 1946 to 1948, was unfavorable to the political hegemony of Rajaji, who confronted with multiple challenges and conflicts from the non-Brahmin leaders, particularly from the undisputed leader, Kamaraj and finally adjusted and co-operated with the congress party in all its endeavor. He had outwitted the prospects of Rajaji though he was a cunning, diplomatic, and elite of high order in the state. His power politics in the state ended in a fiasco. Being a Brahmin by descending, he was unable to command respect and gain solidarity from the general public. However, at the national level, he was respected, and his lofty ideals were heard and utilized by the national leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabai Patel, Gulab Nabi Azad, etc.

AbstractWhen India gained independence in August 1947 the world watched with excitement as well as trepidation as to what would happen following this unique and major event. The political destiny of the world's largest democracy would lie in the hands of an infinitesimal portion of the population – the political executive. India's new institutions had new operators to act in new conditions. There were few precedents. Within this Westminster system, refounded in India with its emphasis on executive flexibility and ambiguity, the leading political figures often had conflicting opinions and interpretations as to their powers. The relationship between Nehru as Prime Minister and other leading political figures, such as Patel as deputy Prime Minister, Prasad as President, and their definitions of their roles, would forge a new India. This paper revisits those debates and ideas in the first decade following independence, which allow greater understanding of the workings and conventions of today's Indian executive.

This is a collection of 13 essays by a group of experts on the societyand politics of Deccani Muslims after Indian independence in 1947. Thereadings brought nostalgic memories of men and events I knew or experienced."The Five Day War," by Mir Laiq Ali, is a sad commentary on the plightof Hyderabad forces resisting the Indian offensive that began September 13.1948.The Hyderabad case in the U. N. Security Council is described by ClydeEagleton, who records the sympathetic response Nizam's representativesreceived from most members of the U.N. Council. If Sardar Patel had notordered the military occupation of Hyderabad, it is possible that a settlementcould have been reached bet ween Nizam and Nehru. Prof. Zubaida Yazdanirecounts H)derabad's transformation from Niz.arn's Dominion into a state withinIndia and its breakup on linguitic principle in 1956. Just as innocent Hi ndussuffered at the hands of Rizakars during 1947-48 , so did innocent Muslimsat the hands of the Indian army after Hyderabad troops surrendered onSeptember 18, 1948.Prof. Wilfred C. Smith, a keen observer of the Indian religious scenefor the last five decades, has provided a succinct background upon whichother scholars have built detailed accounts. Dr. Theodore P. Wright, Jr. hasmade a fascinating study of minority group politics and concludes that separatistpolitics in Hyderabad is more likely to harm the Muslim minority thanpotentially benefit it .Ratna Naidu's research into the Muslims of Bidar, Karnataka, a part ofthe old Hyderabad state, provides rare insight into the condition of the Muslimcommunity in a semi-rural setting. The Joss of privileges is studied byRashiduddin Khan and flawlessly woven into a fascinating narrative by AkbarS. Ahmad, a sociologist, and Usama Khalidi, a journaljst. Zahir Ahmad,an administrator who worked for both the Hyderabad and Indian governments,rightly observes that Indian adminstrators have an imperfect understandingof problems faced by the toiling masses, as most administrators come fromelitist backgrounds.Finally, Omar Khaljdi has combed through various books and journals ...

The idea of nationalism is a modern idea which has its roots in modern European Renaissance. However, in a country like India, it emerged and developed during the anti-colonial struggle which marks a new beginning of social and political awakening. Generally, we identify Indian nationalism with the ideas of great freedom fighters like Gandhi, Nehru, Subhash, Patel and lokmanya tilak. These great leaders emphasized upon a particular brand of Indian nationalism that looks at Indian civilization as the greatest Civilization on earth. It ignores the operation and suppression of Dalits and other down roden sections of Indian society which has been going on in India for centuries. The dominant Indian nationalism is the based upon the ideas of Brahmanism, manuvad and Aryan racial superiority. It bypasses the nationalist perspectives of Dravidians, communist and the subalterns. It was doctor BR Ambedkar who gave a new definition of Indian nationalism. His nationalism stands for the salvation of Dalits and backward sections of Indian society. The present paper will analyse Ambedkar’s ideas on Indian nationalism and will differentiate it from other brands of nationalism prevailing in India for the last two centuries. Abstract in Hindi Language: राष्ट्रवाद का विचार एक आधुनिक विचार है जिसकी जड़ें आधुनिक यूरोपीय पुनर्जागरण में हैं। हालाँकि, भारत जैसे देश में, यह उपनिवेश विरोधी संघर्ष के दौरान उभरा और विकसित हुआ जो सामाजिक और राजनीतिक जागरण की एक नई शुरुआत का प्रतीक है। आम तौर पर, हम भारतीय राष्ट्रवाद की पहचान गांधी, नेहरू, सुभाष, पटेल और लोकमान्य तिलक जैसे महान स्वतंत्रता सेनानियों के विचारों से करते हैं। इन महान नेताओं ने भारतीय राष्ट्रवाद के एक विशेष प्रकार पर जोर दिया जो भारतीय सभ्यता को पृथ्वी पर सबसे बड़ी सभ्यता के रूप में देखता है। यह दलितों और भारतीय समाज के अन्य दबे कुचले वर्गों के संचालन और दमन की उपेक्षा करता है जो सदियों से भारत में चल रहा है। प्रमुख भारतीय राष्ट्रवाद ब्राह्मणवाद, मनुवाद और आर्य नस्लीय श्रेष्ठता के विचारों पर आधारित है। यह द्रविड़ों, कम्युनिस्टों और निम्नवर्गों के राष्ट्रवादी दृष्टिकोणों को पारित करता है। डॉक्टर बीआर अंबेडकर ही थे जिन्होंने भारतीय राष्ट्रवाद की नई परिभाषा दी। उनका राष्ट्रवाद भारतीय समाज के दलितों और पिछड़े वर्गों के उद्धार के लिए खड़ा है। वर्तमान पेपर भारतीय राष्ट्रवाद पर अम्बेडकर के विचारों का विश्लेषण करेगा और इसे पिछली दो शताब्दियों से भारत में प्रचलित राष्ट्रवाद के अन्य प्रकारों से अलग करेगा। Keywords: राष्ट्रवाद, अस्पृश्यता, जाति, दलित, ब्राह्मणवाद, मनुवाद, आर्य, द्रविड़, कम्युनिस्ट समर्थक

In October of 1960, shortly after the conclusion of India’s Second Five- Year Plan, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru convened a high-level expert panel to investigate whether the fruits of recent economic growth had been equitably distributed across the country, or whether benefits had accrued primarily to the nation’s elite. Triggered by sharp public and parliamentary criticisms of Nehru’s ambitious, top-down economic planning regime, the committee was the first expert body to examine changes in the distribution of economic opportunities and rewards in postcolonial India. P. C. Mahalanobis, who also served as the director of the Second Five- Year Plan and who was the chief architect of India’s experiments in largescale household sampling, headed the panel. The debates and controversies surrounding the work of the Mahalanobis Committee (as it came to be called) expose important tensions in postcolonial expertise. They also help recover earlier framings of inequality, which centered on midcentury concerns about “levels of living” and economic power, rather than the simple distribution of income.

The hierarchy of waste refers to the “3 Rs” i.e. Reduce, Reuse and Recycle, which implements the strategies of waste management according to their specifications in terms of waste minimisation. The power of solar was exposed to people when Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) was introduced in the country in the year 2010.From then on people started to install and set up the solar as they came to know that the end life of it is around to be 2035. But none of them thought about future, i.e. what would happen to the solar panels when they are not able to generate power. Now the main issue is how will India be able to discard nearly 90 GW worth solar panel in the next 20 years? Where an average solar panel sized 250 watts, 90GW will amount to almost 7.7 million tonnes of E- waste at the end of a lifetime of a solar plant [1]. This paper mainly focuses on how these E-wastes produced can be reused and recycled.

In Narmada valley small fanns depend upon large diameter openwells for irrigation. Openwells also meet the domestic water requirements of large rural population. There are sixty-five open wells in and around Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur. A diagnostic study was carried out to find out sick openwells, causes of their sickness and possibilities to increase yield. Diameter of openwells studied varied from 1,30 m to 6.22 m and their depth varied from 2.10 m to 15.50 m. It was found that more than 60 percent openwells are sick due to one or other reasons. Sickwells have been grouped into five categories based on the cause of sickness. Each cause has been discussed. Fourteen out of 40 sickwells are yielding low due to lowering of water table ,below the well bottom, whereas 11 wells are sick due to deposition of debris. In order to rejuvenate wells that are sick due to insufficient depth for interception of upper aquifer, necessary depth of digging has been worked out. Depth of aquifer has been determined with the help of three-dimensional panel diagram prepared using well-logs of existing tubewells. Some of the sickwells have been rejuvenated to verify the recommendation made. Changes in the yield of the rejuvenated openwells have been analyzed by recuperation test of the well.

BACKGROUND The importance of the students in the development of the medical curriculum has been very well known. The valuable perspective and insight of the medical students is very essential in the development of new student-centred teaching modules with student friendly methodology, tools and learning resource materials to increase students’ interest improving their understanding and competence in anatomy and eventually create better doctors and for better patient outcomes. In view of this, an interventional study was carried out to study the role of undergraduate medical students in designing teaching module in anatomy for effective learning. METHODS An interventional study was carried out from October 2019 to March 2020 in the Department of Anatomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha. 230 first MBBS students and 50 students i.e., 25 students from each 2nd MBBS and 3rd MBBS participated voluntarily. A routine didactic lecture was conducted for first year MBBS students. Perception was taken with the structured proforma (using Likert scale) from all the students and data analysis was done. A panel was formed with 50 volunteered students from 2nd MBBS and 3rd MBBS who were given responsibility to form module (instructions for the teacher). Then lecture was again conducted for the first year MBBS students incorporating the instructions from the module framed after considering input from data analysis of perception of first MBBS students and from panel of second MBBS and third MBBS students. The data was analysed statistically, using descriptive and inferential statistics using chisquare test. Software used in the analysis were Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 24.0 version and GraphPad Prism 7.0 version. RESULTS After data analysis, it was observed that after implementation of instructions from module there was improvement in all parameters of teaching learning methodology, tools used and learning resource material. The difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS It is evident from the present study that when the teaching learning methodology, teaching learning tools and learning resource materials are designed considering the inputs from the techno savvy students, it is accepted and beneficial for effective learning while still keeping a tinge of the traditional methodology. KEY WORDS Challenges, Criticism, Inputs, Teaching Learning Methodology

ABSTRACT Previous studies mostly measured sharia financial inclusion using an index consisting of three dimensions: accessibility, availability, and usage. This research develops it by adding a digitalization dimension so that there are 4 dimensions in measuring sharia financial inclusion in Indonesia using an index. The first objective of this study is to visually illustrate the results of calculating the sharia financial inclusion index (in map form) in 33 provinces in Indonesia, using GeoDa software. Second, analyze the impact of sharia financial inclusion variables (the 4 form dimensions) that are calculated, on economic fundamental variables (growth, unemployment, poverty, and inequality) through a quantitative approach based on panel data analysis methods (FEM and REM). The secondary data used comes from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), in the 2015-2020 period. The results of this study indicate that sharia financial inclusion in Indonesia needs to be increased more evenly, so that it is not stagnant and centered in Java or provinces with a communal Muslim base (viewed from the results of index calculations) because the values ​​are unequal between provinces. Meanwhile, the results of panel data analysis techniques show that variables reflecting the 4 dimensions of sharia financial inclusion have an impact on fundamental economic variables. Keywords: Sharia Financial Inclusion, Index, GeoDa, Panel data ABSTRAK Kajian sebelumnya banyak mengukur inklusi keuangan syariah dengan menggunakan indeks yang terdiri dari tiga dimensi: aksessibilitas, availabilitas, dan penggunaan. Penelitian ini mengembangkannya dengan menambah dimensi digitalisasi, sehingga terdapat 4 dimensi dalam mengukur inklusi keuangan syariah di Indonesia menggunakan indeks. Tujuan pertama penelitian ini menggambarkan visual hasil perhitungan indeks inklusi keuangan syariah (dalam bentuk peta) di 33 provinsi yang ada di Indonesia, dengan software GeoDa. Kedua, menganalisis pengaruh variabel inklusi keuangan syariah (4 dimensi pembentuknya) yang dihitung, terhadap variabel fundamental ekonomi (pertumbuhan, tingkat pengangguran, kemiskinan, dan ketimpangan) melalui pendekatan kuantitatif berbasis metode analisis data panel (FEM dan REM). Data yang digunakan bersumber dari Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dan Badan Pusat Statistika (BPS), dalam periode 2015-2020. Hasil penelitian ini, menunjukkan bahwa bahwa inklusi keuangan syariah di Indonesia perlu ditingkatkan lebih merata, agar tidak stagnan terpusat di Java atau provinsi dengan basis muslim komunal, jika dilihat dari hasil perhitungan indeks yang nilainya timpang antar porvinsi. 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BackgroundPain represents one of the main clinical symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) being used as an indicator of disease activity. However, many RA patients reports clinically significant levels of pain even in the periods of remission. Recent studies [1] revealed that biological treatments are inequal in terms of how they manage inflammation and pain. The concept of Post-Remission Syndrome was defined in the context presence of residual pain in RA patients that are in clinical remission but still present clinical symptoms that impairs their quality of life [2]; the syndrome might be a reason for decreased work productivity [3,4]. Apart of the nociceptive pain previous works identified neuropathic and nociplastic pain in the composition of residual pain. In order to better understand and manage this situation is paramount important to identify and explain the exact nature of pain present during and after the periods of activity in RA.ObjectivesThe present study intended to explore the quality of pain assessment and management in subjects with RA in a major tertiary clinic.MethodsIn a major tertiary clinic of rheumatology consecutive subjects with RA have been questioned about the history, evolution and management of their disease; separately the level of nociceptive, neuropathic and nociplastic (fibromyalgic) pain was evaluated by using validated instruments. For a better understanding of the differences, we included and compared subjects with osteoarthritis and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases.Results43 subjects have been evaluated in a 6 months interval with a 2:1 F:M ratio; 22 of them received biological therapy (8 different molecules have been identified). Although 32 subjects did not present any sign of inflammation 21 of them declared significant level of pain (VAS>4), 12 have identified with neuropathic pain and 11 with nociplastic pain. Both in case of neuropathic and nociplastic pain groups less than 50% have been previously actively evaluated for non-nociceptive pain. Non-nociceptive pain was poorly treated and prolonged anti-nociceptive pain treatment was used despite evident lack of effect. The variable ability of pain reduction of biological DMARDs has not been previously discussed with any subject; the subject of residual pain was also poorly covered during biological drug selection.ConclusionNon-nociceptive pain has the potential to be considered a major reason of residual pain in RA and non-RA subjects. Rheumatologists seems to be captured in the paradigm of nociplastic = inflammatory pain with little interest in other types of pain that results in suboptimal diagnostic and management of pain.References[1]Taylor PC, Lee YC, Fleischmann R, Takeuchi T, Perkins EL, Fautrel B, Zhu B, Quebe AK, Gaich CL, Zhang X, Dickson CL, Schlichting DE, Patel H, Durand F, Emery P. Achieving Pain Control in Rheumatoid Arthritis with Baricitinib or Adalimumab Plus Methotrexate: Results from the RA-BEAM Trial. J Clin Med. 2019 Jun 12;8(6):831. doi: 10.3390/jcm8060831.[2]Berghea F, Berghea CE, et. al. - Residual Pain in the Context of Selecting and Switching Biologic Therapy in Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021 Aug 17;8:712645. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.712645.[3]Putrik P, Ramiro S et.al. -Patients with rheumatoid arthritis facing sick leave or work disability meet varying regulations: a study among rheumatologists and patients from 44 European countries. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019 Nov;78(11):1472-1479. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215294.[4]Suzanne M.M. Verstappen, et. al Considerations for Evaluating and Recommending Worker Productivity Outcome Measures: An Update from the OMERACT Worker Productivity Group, The Journal of Rheumatology Oct 2019, 46 (10) 1401-1405; DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.181201Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsFlorian Berghea Speakers bureau: Angelini, Pfizer, Richter Gedeon, Egis, Novartis, Roxana Bratu: None declared, Nita Cristina: None declared, Ana-Maria Spoeala: None declared, Tiberiu Dogaru: None declared, Andreea Dinoiu: None declared, Andrei Mihailescu: None declared, Catalina Boromiz: None declared, Elena Juganaru: None declared, Alexandra Constantinescu: None declared, Violeta Zanfir: None declared, DENISE MARDALE: None declared, Aida Doran: None declared, Madalina Duna: None declared, Violeta Vlad: None declared, Mihai Abobului: None declared, Maria Magdalena Negru: None declared, Ioana Saulescu: None declared, Claudia Cobilinschi: None declared, Cosmin Constantinescu: None declared, Diana Mazilu: None declared, Andreea Borangiu: None declared, Sanziana Daia-Iliescu: None declared, Laura Groseanu: None declared, Daniela Opris-Belinski: None declared, Denisa Predeteanu: None declared, Violeta Bojinca: None declared, Dumitru Zaharia: None declared, Andreea Trandafir: None declared, Andra Balanescu: None declare.d.

Agriculture production is directly dependent on climate change and weather. Possible changes in temperature, precipitation and CO2 concentration are expected to significantly impact crop growth and ultimately we lose our crop productivity and indirectly affect the sustainable food availability issue. The overall impact of climate change on worldwide food production is considered to be low to moderate with successful adaptation and adequate irrigation. Climate change has a serious impact on the availability of various resources on the earth especially water, which sustains life on this planet. The global food security situation and outlook remains delicately imbalanced amid surplus food production and the prevalence of hunger, due to the complex interplay of social, economic, and ecological factors that mediate food security outcomes at various human and institutional scales. Weather aberration poses complex challenges in terms of increased variability and risk for food producers and the energy and water sectors. Changes in the biosphere, biodiversity and natural resources are adversely affecting human health and quality of life. Throughout the 21st century, India is projected to experience warming above global level. India will also begin to experience more seasonal variation in temperature with more warming in the winters than summers. Longevity of heat waves across India has extended in recent years with warmer night temperatures and hotter days, and this trend is expected to continue. Strategic research priorities are outlined for a range of sectors that underpin global food security, including: agriculture, ecosystem services from agriculture, climate change, international trade, water management solutions, the water-energy-food security nexus, service delivery to smallholders and women farmers, and better governance models and regional priority setting. There is a need to look beyond agriculture and invest in affordable and suitable farm technologies if the problem of food insecurity is to be addressed in a sustainable manner. Introduction Globally, agriculture is one of the most vulnerable sectors to climate change. This vulnerability is relatively higher in India in view of the large population depending on agriculture and poor coping capabilities of small and marginal farmers. Impacts of climate change pose a serious threat to food security. “Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life” (World Food Summit, 1996). This definition gives rise to four dimensions of food security: availability of food, accessibility (economically and physically), utilization (the way it is used and assimilated by the human body) and stability of these three dimensions. According to the United Nations, in 2015, there are still 836 million people in the world living in extreme poverty (less than USD1.25/day) (UN, 2015). And according to the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), at least 70 percent of the very poor live in rural areas, most of them depending partly (or completely) on agriculture for their livelihoods. It is estimated that 500 million smallholder farms in the developing world are supporting almost 2 billion people, and in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa these small farms produce about 80 percent of the food consumed. Climate change threatens to reverse the progress made so far in the fight against hunger and malnutrition. As highlighted by the assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change (IPCC), climate change augments and intensifies risks to food security for the most vulnerable countries and populations. Few of the major risks induced by climate change, as identified by IPCC have direct consequences for food security (IPCC, 2007). These are mainly to loss of rural livelihoods and income, loss of marine and coastal ecosystems, livelihoods loss of terrestrial and inland water ecosystems and food insecurity (breakdown of food systems). Rural farmers, whose livelihood depends on the use of natural resources, are likely to bear the brunt of adverse impacts. Most of the crop simulation model runs and experiments under elevated temperature and carbon dioxide indicate that by 2030, a 3-7% decline in the yield of principal cereal crops like rice and wheat is likely in India by adoption of current production technologies. Global warming impacts growth, reproduction and yields of food and horticulture crops, increases crop water requirement, causes more soil erosion, increases thermal stress on animals leading to decreased milk yields and change the distribution and breeding season of fisheries. Fast changing climatic conditions, shrinking land, water and other natural resources with rapid growing population around the globe has put many challenges before us (Mukherjee, 2014). Food is going to be second most challenging issue for mankind in time to come. India will also begin to experience more seasonal variation in temperature with more warming in the winters than summers (Christensen et al., 2007). Climate change is posing a great threat to agriculture and food security in India and it's subcontinent. Water is the most critical agricultural input in India, as 55% of the total cultivated areas do not have irrigation facilities. Currently we are able to secure food supplies under these varying conditions. Under the threat of climate variability, our food grain production system becomes quite comfortable and easily accessible for local people. India's food grain production is estimated to rise 2 per cent in 2020-21 crop years to an all-time high of 303.34 million tonnes on better output of rice, wheat, pulse and coarse cereals amid good monsoon rains last year. In the 2019-20 crop year, the country's food grain output (comprising wheat, rice, pulses and coarse cereals) stood at a record 297.5 million tonnes (MT). Releasing the second advance estimates for 2020-21 crop year, the agriculture ministry said foodgrain production is projected at a record 303.34 MT. As per the data, rice production is pegged at record 120.32 MT as against 118.87 MT in the previous year. Wheat production is estimated to rise to a record 109.24 MT in 2020-21 from 107.86 MT in the previous year, while output of coarse cereals is likely to increase to 49.36 MT from 47.75 MT. Pulses output is seen at 24.42 MT, up from 23.03 MT in 2019-20 crop year. In the non-foodgrain category, the production of oilseeds is estimated at 37.31 MT in 2020-21 as against 33.22 MT in the previous year. Sugarcane production is pegged at 397.66 MT from 370.50 MT in the previous year, while cotton output is expected to be higher at 36.54 million bales (170 kg each) from 36.07. This production figure seem to be sufficient for current population, but we need to improve more and more with vertical farming and advance agronomic and crop improvement tools for future burgeoning population figure under the milieu of climate change issue. Our rural mass and tribal people have very limited resources and they sometime complete depend on forest microhabitat. To order to ensure food and nutritional security for growing population, a new strategy needs to be initiated for growing of crops in changing climatic condition. The country has a large pool of underutilized or underexploited fruit or cereals crops which have enormous potential for contributing to food security, nutrition, health, ecosystem sustainability under the changing climatic conditions, since they require little input, as they have inherent capabilities to withstand biotic and abiotic stress. Apart from the impacts on agronomic conditions of crop productions, climate change also affects the economy, food systems and wellbeing of the consumers (Abbade, 2017). Crop nutritional quality become very challenging, as we noticed that, zinc and iron deficiency is a serious global health problem in humans depending on cereal-diet and is largely prevalent in low-income countries like Sub-Saharan Africa, and South and South-east Asia. We report inefficiency of modern-bred cultivars of rice and wheat to sequester those essential nutrients in grains as the reason for such deficiency and prevalence (Debnath et al., 2021). Keeping in mind the crop yield and nutritional quality become very daunting task to our food security issue and this can overcome with the proper and time bound research in cognizance with the environment. Threat and challenges In recent years, climate change has become a debatable issue worldwide. South Asia will be one of the most adversely affected regions in terms of impacts of climate change on agricultural yield, economic activity and trading policies. Addressing climate change is central for global future food security and poverty alleviation. The approach would need to implement strategies linked with developmental plans to enhance its adaptive capacity in terms of climate resilience and mitigation. Over time, there has been a visible shift in the global climate change initiative towards adaptation. Adaptation can complement mitigation as a cost-effective strategy to reduce climate change risks. The impact of climate change is projected to have different effects across societies and countries. Mitigation and adaptation actions can, if appropriately designed, advance sustainable development and equity both within and across countries and between generations. One approach to balancing the attention on adaptation and mitigation strategies is to compare the costs and benefits of both the strategies. The most imminent change is the increase in the atmospheric temperatures due to increase levels of GHGs (Green House Gases) i.e. carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) etc into the atmosphere. The global mean annual temperatures at the end of the 20th century were almost 0.7 degree centigrade above than those recorded at the end of the 19th century and likely to increase further by 1.8- 6.4ºC by 2100 AD. The quantity of rainfall and its distribution will be affected to a great extent resulting in more flooding. The changes in soil properties such as loss of organic matter, leaching of soil nutrients, salinization and erosion are a likely outcome of climate change in many cases. Water crisis can be a serious problem with the anticipated global warming and climate change. With increasing exploitation of natural resources and environmental pollution, the atmospheric temperature is expected to rise by 3-5 0C in next 75-100 years (www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/chapter-1). If it happens most of the rivers originating from the Himalayas may dry up and cause severe shortage of water for irrigation, suppressing agriculture production by 40-50%. There has been considerable concern in recent years about climatic changes caused by human activities and their effects on agriculture. Surface climate is always changing, but at the beginning of industrial revolution these changes have been more noticeable due to interference of human beings activity. Studies of climate change impacts on agriculture initially focused on increasing temperature. Many researchers, including reported that changes in temperature, radiation and precipitation need to be studied in order to evaluate the impact of climate change. Temperature changes can affect crop productivity. Higher temperatures may increase plant carboxilation and stimulate higher photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration rates. Meanwhile, flowering may also be partially triggered by higher temperatures, while low temperatures may reduce energy use and increased sugar storage. Changes in temperature can also affect air vapor pressure deficits, thus impacting the water use in agricultural landscapes. This coupling affects transpiration and can cause significant shifts in temperature and water loss (Mukherjee, 2017). In chickpea and other pulse crop this increase in temperature due to climate change affects to a greater extent flower numbers, pod production, pollen viability, and pistilfunction are reduced and flower and pod abortion increased under terminal heat stress which ultimately leads to hamper its productivity on large scale. There is probability of 10-40% loss in crop production in India with the expected temperature increase by 2080-2100. Rice yields in northern India during last three decades are showing a decreasing trend (Aggarwal et al., 2000). Further, the IPCC (2007) report also projected that cereal yields in seasonally dry and tropical regions like India are likely to decrease for even small local temperature increases. wheat production will be reduced by 4-5 million tonnes with the rise of every 10C temperature throughout the growing period that coincides in India with 2020-30. However, grain yield of rice declined by 10% for each 1ºC increase in growing season. A 1ºC increase in temperature may reduce rapeseed mustard yield by 3-7%. Thus a productivity of 2050-2562 kg/ha for rapeseed mustard would have to be achieved by 2030 under the changing scenario of climate, decreasing and degrading land and water resources, costly inputs, government priority of food crops and other policy imperatives from the present level of nearly 1200 kg/ha. Diseases and pest infestation In future, plant protection will assume even more significance given the daunting task before us to feed the growing population under the era of shifting climate pattern, as it directly influence pest life cycle in crop calendar (Mukherjee, 2019). Every year, about USD 8.5 billion worth of crops are lost in India because of disease and insects pests and another 2.5 billion worth of food grains in storages. In the scenario of climate change, experts believe that these losses could rise as high as four folds. Global warming and climate change would lead to emergence of more aggressive pests and diseases which can cause epidemics resulting in heavy losses (Mesterhazy et al., 2020). The range of many insects will change or expand and new combinations of diseases and pests may emerge. The well-known interaction between host × pathogen × environment for plant disease epidemic development and weather based disease management strategies have been routinely exploited by plant pathologists. However, the impact of inter annual climatic variation resulting in the abundance of pathogen populations and realistic assessment of climatic change impacts on host-pathogen interactions are still scarce and there are only handful of studies. Further emerging of new disease with climate alteration in grain crop such as wheat blast, become challenging for growers and hamper food chain availability (Mukherjee et al., 2019). Temperature increase associated with climatic changes could result in following changes in plant diseases: Extension of geographical range of pathogens Changes in population growth rates of pathogens Changes in relative abundance and effectiveness of bio control agents Changes in pathogen × host × environment interactions Loss of resistance in cultivars containing temperature-sensitive genes Emergence of new diseases/and pathogen forms Increased risk of invasion by migrant diseases Reduced efficacy of integrated disease management practices These changes will have major implications for food and nutritional security, particularly in the developing countries of the dry-tropics, where the need to increase and sustain food production is most urgent. The current knowledge on the main potential effects of climate change on plant patho systems has been recently summarized by Pautasso et al. (2012). Their overview suggests that maintaining plant health across diversified environments is a key requirement for climate change mitigation as well as the conservation of biodiversity and provisions of ecosystem services under global change. Changing in weed flora pattern under different cropping system become very challenging to the food growers, and threat to our food security issue. It has been estimated that the potential losses due to weeds in different field crops would be around 180 million tonnes valued Rs 1,05,000 crores annually. In addition to the direct effect on crop yield, weeds result in considerable reduction in the efficiency of inputs used and food quality. Increasing atmospheric CO2 and temperature have the potential to directly affect weed physiology and crop-weed interactions vis-à-vis their response to weed control methods. Many of the world’s major weeds are C4 plants and major crops are C3 plants (Mandal and Mukherjee, 2018). The differential effects of CO2 on C3 and C4 plants may have implications on crop-weed interactions. Weed species have a greater genetic diversity than most crops and therefore, under the changing scenario of resources (eg., light, moisture, nutrients, CO2), weeds will have the greater capacity for growth and reproductive response than most crops. Differential response to seed emergence with temperature could also influence species establishment and subsequent weed-crop competition. Increasing temperature might allow some sleeper weeds to become invasive (Mukherjeee, 2020; Science Daily, 2009). Studies suggest that proper weed management techniques if adopted can result in an additional production of 103 million tonnes of food grains, 15 million tonnes of pulses,10 million tonnes of oilseeds, and 52 million tonnes of commercial crops per annum, which in few cases are even equivalent to the existing annual production (Rao and Chauhan, 2015). There is tremendous scope to increase agricultural productivity by adopting improved weed management technologies that have been developed in the country. Conclusion The greatest challenge before us is to enhance the production of required amount of food items viz., cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetable, underutilized fruit etc to keep pace with population growth through employing suitable crop cultivars, biotechnological approaches, conserving natural resources and protecting crops from weeds, insects pests and diseases eco-friendly with climate change. Research is a continuous process that has to be pursued vigorously and incessantly in the critical areas viz., evolvement of new genotype, land development and reclamation, soil and moisture conservation, soil health care, seeds and planting material, enhancing fertilizer and water use efficiencies, conservation agriculture, eco-friendly plant protection measures etc. Due to complexity of crop environment interaction under different climate situation, a multidisciplinary approach to the problem is required in which plant breeders, agronomists, crop physiologists and agrometeorologists need to interact for finding long term solutions in sustaining crop production. References: Abbade, E. B. 2017. Availability, access and utilization: Identifying the main fragilities for promoting food security in developing countries. World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, 14(4): 322–335. doi:10.1108/WJSTSD-05-2016-0033 Aggrawal, P.K., Bandyopadhyay, S. and Pathak, S. 2020. Analysis of yield trends of the Rice-Wheat system in north-western India. Outlook on Agriculture, 29(4):259-268. Christensen, J.H., Hewitson, B., Busuioc, A., Chen, A. and Gao, X, 2007. Regional Climate Projections. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, United Kingdom. Debnath, S., Mandal, B., Saha, S., Sarkar, D., Batabyal, K., Murmu, S., Patra, B.C., Mukherjee, and Biswas, T. 2021. Are the modern-bred rice and wheat cultivars in India inefficient in zinc and iron sequestration?. Environmental and Experimental Botany,189:1-7. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2021.104535) 2007. Climate Change 2007- Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 976pp. Mandal, B and Mukherjee, D. 2018. Influenced of different weed management Practices for Higher Productivity of Jute (Corchorus olitorius) in West Bengal. International Journal of Bioresource Science, 5 (1): 21-26. Mesterhazy, A., Olah, J. and Popp, J. 2020. Losses in the grain supply chain: causes and solutions. Sustainability, 12, 2342; doi:10.3390/su12062342. Mukherjee D. 2019. Effect of various crop establishment methods and weed management practices on growth and yield of rice. Journal of Cereal Research, 11(3): 300-303. http://doi.org/10.25174/2249-4065/2019/95811. Mukherjee, D. 2014. Climate change and its impact on Indian agriculture. In : Plant Disease Management and Microbes (eds. Nehra, S.). Aavishkar Publishers, Jaipur, India. Pp 193-206. Mukherjee, D. 2017. Rising weed problems and their effects on production potential of various crops under changing climate situation of hill. Indian Horticulture Journal, 7(1): 85-89. Mukherjee, D., Mahapatra, S., Singh, D.P., Kumar, S., Kashyap , P.L. and Singh, G.P. 2019. Threat assessment of wheat blast like disease in the West Bengal". 4th International Group Meeting on Wheat production enhancement through climate smart practices. at CSK HPKV, Palampur, HP, India, February, 14-16, 2019. Organized by CSK HPKV, Palampur and Society of Advancement of Wheat and Barley Research (SAWBAR). Journal of Cereal Research, 11 (1): 78. Mukherjee, D. 2020. Herbicide combinations effect on weeds and yield of wheat in North-Eastern plain. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 52 (2): 116–122. Pautasso, M. 2012. Observed impacts of climate change on terrestrial birds in Europe: an overview. Italian Journal of Zoology, 38:56-74. .Doi:10.1080/11250003.2011.627381 Rao, A.N. and Chauhan, B.S. 2015. Weeds and weed management in India -A Review. 25 Asian Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, at Hyderabad, India, Volume: 1 (A.N. Rao and N.T. Yaduraju (eds.). pp 87-118.

It is a known fact that the socio-political and historical issues of any country can attract the attention of creative writers, and they reflect the same in their works of art. One such significantand heart-rending issue is the Partition of India. This research article portrays the political issues in particular and other related issues in general, making a comparative study of Chaman Nahal’s Azadi and Bapsi Sidhwa’s Ice Candy Man (Cracking India). The reader of these two selected novels can understand how the British rulers used the ‘divide and rule’ policy, two-nation theory, and Machiavellian trickery in dividing the Indian subcontinent into India and Pakistan. As this tragic event of Partition was politically motivated, it upset the religious and cultural harmony among the Indians. It will be explored how these two celebrated novelists have dealt with the politics of Partition, focusing on the role played the Congress, the Muslim League, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Patel, etc.It will be specifically explored how M.K. Gandhi exerted an impact on these two novelists while writing their respective novels on the theme of Partition.

This paper analyzes studies and critically examines the partition of India and Pakistan and its impact both nations. Firstly taking the political dimension of the partition along with the economic dimension which was very crucial to the formation offers separate countries based on the communal lines apart from that it also studies how did 2 major political parties during the partition the Congress and the Muslim league took steps in order to legally divide the nations and also the contribution off important political leaders like like Mahatma Gandhi Jawaharlal Nehru Muhammad Ali jinnah Sardar vallabhai Patel and their agreements and disagreements on this historical event. The only positive outcome of partition was the literature videos also known as the partition literature return in different languages ranging from Hindi English Urdu another regional language Any writings of important authors who portrayed the sufferings and pains of partition in a compelling and sensitive way. This paper also throws light one of the important pillars of democracy which is media and in it was the newspapers who covered the important political events and impacted the minds of educated Indians. One of the important case studies has to be of the state Punjab which went through a lot of massacre, violence and the problem of refugees and the step taken by the Government of India after effects an urban development planning in order to give shelters to the refugees and the last aspect has to be the after effects of partition which covers all the socio cultural religious economic and study of the most vulnerable groups of people which included women children hand old age people.

Like the freedom movement of the other countries of the world, the history of freedom movement in India is rich with equal participation of men and women. Like other countries of third world, our countrymen also had to struggle long and hard to get freedom. In the glorious story of the struggle against the British rule, the names of many brave sons as well as the names of brave ones are also printed in the golden letters in history. As such, during the freedom movement, the role of intellectuals, farmers, lawyers and social reformers has been very important at every level and at every stage of the movement. But keeping in mind the circumstances of that time, it is also very interesting and important to analyze the role of women in this regard. From the Vedic era to the modern era ,the role of women has been changing according to the time and circumstances in the various segments.Lopamundra,Ghosha and Apala in Vedic era, Gargi and Maître in post Vedic era, Sheela and Attarika in the Gupta age and in the Mogul era Razia gninfluence in politics was important and extra-ordinary. Similarly, the role of Begum Hazrat Mahal and Jhansi Queen Rani Laxmi Bai during the period of independence struggle especially during 1857 Revolution and later in the Gandhi era, Mrs. Annie Besant, Bhagini Nivedita, Madam Cama,Pandita Ramabai ,Sarojini Naidu,Kamla Nehru, Sucheta Kruplani,Prabhadevi,Vijaya Laxmi Pandit ,Mniben Patel and the roles of other such women cannot be ignored.Similarly,the British Education system, increased the means of transport and the social reform movement has increased the political consciousness of women and motivated them to contribute to the National Movement. In spite of all the adverse circumstances such as low educational level and various ban in public life, after tough struggles, women made their unique identity in the history of freedom movement. Gradually, women became involved in social issues, their understanding in this regard increased which changed their thinking. Due to this, women gradually moved forward in the struggle for independence, in the movement of reforms and in the Legislative Councils. Here also the fact cannot be denied that most of the women who led the national movement were highly educated and belonged to the upper middle class. KEY WORDS-National movement, Social reform, Political consciousness, Women’s Organization, Gandhi Era, Female suffrage.

Abstract The story of the Somnath temple, in the northwestern Saurashtra peninsula, has often been taken as an example of the contentious legacies of the penetration, settlement, and political establishment of Muslims in India. Its history testifies to the complex relationship between history, heritage, and the consolidation of collective memories of past events and processes. This article focuses on two key moments in the temple's recent history: the retrieval of the Somnath gates by Lord Ellenborough in 1842 and the reconstruction of the temple between 1947 and 1951. At these two moments—one during colonial times and the other at the creation of the independent state—Somnath became the battlefield for questioning how the state should be positioned with regard to religious places, histories, symbols, and practices. While the temple was apparently dealt with as a tangible place of heritage, both episodes show how the value endowed upon the temple had far more complex meanings. The analysis proposed in this article ends with the reconstruction of the temple. This shows the way in which architects of independent India addressed the country's history, directly or indirectly engaging with the construction of a heritage for the new state. Their efforts aimed to strengthen a shared memory of the past, which could in turn consolidate membership and a sense of belonging to the new nation. Advocates and promoters of the temple's reconstruction, among whom were Vallabhbhai Patel and K. M. Munshi, envisioned that the reconstruction would embody the long-awaited liberation of India from centuries of continuous domination by ‘foreign’ powers. In contrast, secular politicians, with Nehru at the helm, opposed the reconstruction, fearing that Somnath might become the symbol of a sectarian vision of the nation and, in the wake of partition, derail efforts to characterise independent India as an inclusive country. While the reconstruction did eventually take place, the entire episode invites us to question the relationship between the framing of Indian nationalism and the heritagisation of Indian history. Following a critical theoretical approach to Heritage studies, where heritage has less to do with the item that is preserved than with the value with which it is endowed, this article proposes to investigate the meanings that heritage preservation, conservation, and reconstruction acquired as part of the project of nation- and state-building.

Abstract We propose a coupled square-neck embedded Helmholtz resonator (S-NEHR) with a deep-subwavelength thickness. By precisely designing each cell peak, the average sound-absorption coefficient of the nine coupled S-NEHR structures is greater than 0.9 at 300-410 Hz, and the thickness is only 1/30 of the working wavelength. Adding a microperforated panel (MPP) in front of the coupled structure enables a smaller size and larger bandwidth (500-1000 Hz). The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the S-NEHR structure has great application prospects in engineering noise control due to its extraordinary sound-absorption properties and compact structure.

An Ethical Approval Statement or Statement of Informed Consent should have been included for the articles listed below. Their corresponding statements are presented following the article information: Kolge NE, Patni VJ, Potnis S. Semi-permanent Substitution of Maxillary Anterior Teeth: TADs Supported Approach. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2019;53(2):148-150. doi:10.1177/0301574219841176 Statement of Informed Consent: Informed consent was not sought for the present study because no identifiable images were used. Doshi UH. Precise Placement of Fixed Retainers Using Mini Molds. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2019;53(3):206-207. doi:10.1177/0301574219851625 Statement of Informed Consent: Informed consent was not sought for the present study because no identifiable images were used. Mohan S, Reddy CM, Jain S. A Simple Spring Mechanics for Molar Intrusion. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2019;53(3):208-210. doi:10.1177/0301574219853078 Statement of Informed Consent: Informed consent was not sought for the present study because no identifiable images were used. Ahluwalia R, Srivastava S, Garg H. A Simple Technique for Retrieval of Fractured Mini-implant. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2019;53(3):211-212. doi:10.1177/0301574219853723 Statement of Informed Consent: Informed consent was not sought for the present study because no identifiable images were used. Bhupali NR, Verma RK, Verma S, Singh SP. Welded Archwire Hooks. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2019;53(3):213-214. doi:10.1177/0301574219861203 Statement of Informed Consent: Informed consent was not sought for the present study because no identifiable images were used. Ratre R, Jain S, Chourse S. Guide Hook to Prevent Trauma to Soft Tissues by Retraction Element Used with TAD. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2019;53(3):215-216. doi:10.1177/0301574219861206 Statement of Informed Consent: Informed consent was not sought for the present study because no identifiable images were used. Ambekar VR, Mathur AK, Thushar BK. Keychain Attachment. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2019;53(4):287-288. doi:10.1177/0301574219865365 Statement of Informed Consent: Informed consent was not sought for the present study because no identifiable images were used. Dhar S. Camouflage of Skeletal Class III Malocclusion in an Adult Male Using Miniscrew Anchorage From the External Oblique Ridge in Conjunction With Face Mask Wear. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2019;53(4):289-294. doi:10.1177/0301574219865358 Statement of Informed Consent: Written informed consent was obtained from the subject for the use of photographs for publication. Nayak A. Indian board of Orthodontics Case Report: Orthodontic Management of a Palatally Impacted Maxillary Canine. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2019;53(4):295-305. doi:10.1177/0301574219884495 Statement of Informed Consent: Written informed consent was obtained from the subject for the use of photographs for publication. Johnson MP, Leone JM. Case Report: Correction of Class II Div 2 Malocclusion With Maxillary Arch Extraction and Lower IPR. Journal of Family Issues. 2020;54(1):322-349. doi:10.1177/0192513X04270345 Statement of Informed Consent: Written informed consent was obtained from the subject for the use of photographs for publication. Singh GP, Nehra K, Mitra R, Nakra O, Singla A. Orthosurgical Management of Class III Malocclusion Emphasizing the Pivotal Role of CBCT. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2020;54(1):69-76. doi:10.1177/0301574219888056 Statement of Informed Consent: Written informed consent was obtained from the subject for the use of photographs for publication. Chitra P. A New Approach to Prevent Crown Loosening and Caries in the AdvanSync2 Class II Corrector. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2020;54(1):77-79. doi:10.1177/0301574219886706 Statement of Informed Consent: Informed consent was not sought for the present study because no identifiable images were used. Takane V, Nagaraj K, Keshan D, Keluskar K. A Unique Treatment Approach for Orthodontic Correction of a Unilateral Maxillary Canine-Lateral Incisor Transposition with Contralateral Impacted Maxillary Second Premolar. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2020;54(2):142-146. doi:10.1177/0301574219889140 Statement of Informed Consent: Written informed consent was obtained from the subject for the use of photographs for publication. George AM, Vakil KK, Govindaraj A, Kumar MV, Gautam R, Nene S. Formulating a New Orthodontic Index: An Indian Board of Orthodontics Initiative. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2020;54(2):147-149. doi:10.1177/0301574220919216 Statement of Informed Consent: Informed consent was not sought for the present study because no identifiable images were used. Verma S. Case Report: Orthosurgical Management of Skeletal Class III Malocclusion. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2020;54(2):150-156. doi:10.1177/0301574220919219 Statement of Informed Consent: Written informed consent was obtained from the subject for the use of photographs for publication. Gupta K, Khare R, Agrawal N, Chaukse A, Gupta NN. Retainer Holding Clip. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2020;54(2):157-160. doi:10.1177/0301574219884549 Statement of Informed Consent: Informed consent was not sought for the present study because no identifiable images were used. Pattanaik S. Management of a Skeletal Class II Malocclusion Using 2-Phase Treatment: An Indian Board of Orthodontics Case Report. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2020;54(3):240-247. doi:10.1177/0301574220947551 Statement of Informed Consent: Written informed consent was obtained from the subject for the use of photographs for publication. Bhattacharya A, Trivedi R, Parekh H, Mehta F, Patel R, Tyagi V. A Combined Orthodontic and Surgical Treatment Approach to Treat Vertically Diverse Skeletal Class II Malocclusions: A Case Series. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2020;54(3):248-259. doi:10.1177/0301574220905171 Statement of Informed Consent: Written informed consent was obtained from the subject for the use of photographs for publication. Garabadu A, Chalasani S. “A”—Safe Way to Orthodontic Practice During COVID Times. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2020;54(3):260-261. doi:10.1177/0301574220947542 Statement of Informed Consent: Informed consent was not sought for the present study because no identifiable images were used. Thakkar D, Ghosh A, Keshwani T. Digital Workflow for CBCT-Guided Customized Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (3D Digital MARPE): A Clinical Innovation. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2020;54(3):262-266. doi:10.1177/0301574220926690 Statement of Informed Consent: Informed consent was not sought for the present study because no identifiable images were used. Sangamesh B. Multistage Treatment of a Class II Division 1 Malocclusion With Severe Crowding. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2020;54(4):366-373. doi:10.1177/0301574220965684 Statement of Informed Consent: Written informed consent was obtained from the subject for the use of photographs for publication. Banker AM, Muchhadia RP, Desai BB, Shah PA. Long-Term Results of a Modified Removable Expansion Plate to Increase Arch Length: A Series of 10 Cases. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2020;54(4):374-381. doi:10.1177/0301574220939493 Statement of Informed Consent: Written informed consent was obtained from the subject for the use of photographs for publication. Mahendra TVD, Mulakala V. An Innovative Lingual Retainer Wire Stabilizer. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2020;54(4):382-383. doi:10.1177/0301574220941492 Statement of Informed Consent: Informed consent was not sought for the present study because no identifiable images were used. Raju A, S M, Shetty B, Gopinath S. Correction of Relapsed Midline Diastema. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2020;54(4):384-385. doi:10.1177/0301574220924010 Statement of Informed Consent: Informed consent was not sought for the present study because no identifiable images were used. Chauhan D, Datana S, Govindraj V. Model Surgery Simplified with the Use of Old Radiographic Films. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2020;54(4):386-388. doi:10.1177/0301574220950084 Statement of Informed Consent: Informed consent was not sought for the present study because no identifiable images were used. Kohli SS, Singh Kohli V. Management of Bilaterally Impacted Labial and Palatal Maxillary Canines With One-Year Follow-Up: A Case Report. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2021;55(1):73-84. doi:10.1177/0301574220965307 Statement of Informed Consent: Written informed consent was obtained from the subject for the use of photographs for publication. Parveen S, Mascarenhas R. Management of Skeletal Class II in a Growing Patient Using a Headgear and a Fixed Functional Appliance, with a Three-Year Follow-up : An Indian Board of Orthodontics Case Report. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2021;55(1):85-91. doi:10.1177/0301574220986247 Statement of Informed Consent: Written informed consent was obtained from the subject for the use of photographs for publication. Ram RR, Ranganayakulu I, K AV. Mathieu Forceps: A Learners Aid for Positioning the Weldable Molar Tube. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2021;55(1):92-93. doi:10.1177/0301574220952963 Statement of Informed Consent: Informed consent was not sought for the present study because no identifiable images were used. Gopalakrishnan S, Chacko T, Jacob J. Management of Lip Biting Using Clear Aligner/Clear Retainer. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2021;55(1):94-95. doi:10.1177/0301574220964897 Statement of Informed Consent: Informed consent was not sought for the present study because no identifiable images were used.