Zeitschriftenartikel: „Negative emissions technologies (NETs)“

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Yan, Jinyue, Michael Obersteiner, Kenneth Möllersten und Jose Roberto Moreira. „Negative Emission Technologies – NETs“. Applied Energy 255 (Dezember 2019): 113749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113749.

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Smith, Pete, R. Stuart Haszeldine und Stephen M. Smith. „Preliminary assessment of the potential for, and limitations to, terrestrial negative emission technologies in the UK“. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 18, Nr. 11 (2016): 1400–1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6em00386a.

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Fajardy, Mathilde, und Niall Mac Dowell. „Can BECCS deliver sustainable and resource efficient negative emissions?“ Energy & Environmental Science 10, Nr. 6 (2017): 1389–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ee00465f.

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Negative emissions technologies (NETs) in general and bioenergy with CO₂ capture and storage (BECCS) in particular are commonly regarded as vital yet controversial to meeting our climate goals. In this contribution we show how the sustainability and carbon efficiency, or otherwise, of BECCS depends entirely on the choices made throughout the BECCS supply chain.

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Hilaire, Jérôme, Jan C. Minx, Max W. Callaghan, Jae Edmonds, Gunnar Luderer, Gregory F. Nemet, Joeri Rogelj und Maria del Mar Zamora. „Negative emissions and international climate goals—learning from and about mitigation scenarios“. Climatic Change 157, Nr. 2 (17.10.2019): 189–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02516-4.

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Abstract For aiming to keep global warming well-below 2 °C and pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5 °C, as set out in the Paris Agreement, a full-fledged assessment of negative emission technologies (NETs) that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is crucial to inform science-based policy making. With the Paris Agreement in mind, we re-analyse available scenario evidence to understand the roles of NETs in 1.5 °C and 2 °C scenarios and, for the first time, link this to a systematic review of findings in the underlying literature. In line with previous research, we find that keeping warming below 1.5 °C requires a rapid large-scale deployment of NETs, while for 2 °C, we can still limit NET deployment substantially by ratcheting up near-term mitigation ambition. Most recent evidence stresses the importance of future socio-economic conditions in determining the flexibility of NET deployment and suggests opportunities for hedging technology risks by adopting portfolios of NETs. Importantly, our thematic review highlights that there is a much richer set of findings on NETs than commonly reflected upon both in scientific assessments and available reviews. In particular, beyond the common findings on NETs underpinned by dozens of studies around early scale-up, the changing shape of net emission pathways or greater flexibility in the timing of climate policies, there is a suite of “niche and emerging findings”, e.g. around innovation needs and rapid technological change, termination of NETs at the end of the twenty-first century or the impacts of climate change on the effectiveness of NETs that have not been widely appreciated. Future research needs to explore the role of climate damages on NET uptake, better understand the geophysical constraints of NET deployment (e.g. water, geological storage, climate feedbacks), and provide a more systematic assessment of NET portfolios in the context of sustainable development goals.

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Kato, Etsushi, und Atsushi Kurosawa. „Role of negative emissions technologies (NETs) and innovative technologies in transition of Japan’s energy systems toward net-zero CO2 emissions“. Sustainability Science 16, Nr. 2 (30.01.2021): 463–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-00908-z.

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Sarnoff, Joshua D. „Negative-Emission Technologies and Patent Rights after COVID-19“. Climate Law 10, Nr. 3-4 (18.11.2020): 225–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18786561-10030001.

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Abstract Governmental and particularly private funding has recently and dramatically expanded for both beccs and dac technologies. This funding and the associated research, development, and deployment efforts will generate intellectual property rights, particularly patent rights in nets. As with access to medicines, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted concerns that patent rights may incentivize RD&D at the cost of affordable access to the relevant technologies. Further, access may be restricted to particular countries based on sovereignty concerns to seek preferential supply agreements through up-front funding. As a result, nations will likely turn to controversial ex-post measures, such as compulsory licensing, to assure access and to control prices of the needed technologies. The same concerns with patent rights likely will affect RD&D of nets. Although international ex-ante measures exist (such as patent pools) which would help to minimize these concerns, such measures may not induce the requisite voluntary contributions, or may fail to materialize due to political disagreements. Focusing on both US law and international developments, this article proposes various ex-ante measures that can be adopted by national governments and private funders to minimize the likely forthcoming worldwide conflicts that will arise over balancing innovation incentives for, and affordable access to, patented nets.

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Fridahl, Mathias, Anders Hansson und Simon Haikola. „Towards Indicators for a Negative Emissions Climate Stabilisation Index: Problems and Prospects“. Climate 8, Nr. 6 (11.06.2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli8060075.

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The incongruence between the United Nations objective to hold global warming well below 2 °C and the rate of global emission reductions has intensified interest in negative emissions. Previous research has explored several pros and cons of individual negative emissions technologies. Systematised approaches to comparing and prioritising among them are, however, largely lacking. In response to this gap in the literature, this article reviews the scientific literature on indicators for designing negative emissions climate stabilisation value indexes. An index typically provides summary measures of several components, often denoted indicators. Utilizing a narrative review methodology, the article derives five categories of indicators underpinned by overlapping and often mutually reinforcing environmental and socio-economic values. A list of 21 indicators are proposed to capture both positive and negative values associated with effectiveness, efficiency, scale, risk, and synergies. While discussing indicators capable of providing guidance on negative emissions is timely, given the emerging shift away from pure emission reduction targets towards net-zero targets, numerous complexities are involved in determining their relative values. The results herein serve to inform policy making on the prioritisation and incentivisation of negative emissions technologies capable of delivering on the new objectives, and the results highlight the many risks and uncertainties involved in such exercises. The article concludes that systematic research on the comparison of NETs is incomplete. An iterative, interdisciplinary research programme exploring such questions has the potential to be extremely rewarding.

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Pimentel, Jean, Ákos Orosz, Kathleen B. Aviso, Raymond R. Tan und Ferenc Friedler. „Conceptual Design of a Negative Emissions Polygeneration Plant for Multiperiod Operations Using P-Graph“. Processes 9, Nr. 2 (27.01.2021): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020233.

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Reduction of CO2 emissions from industrial facilities is of utmost importance for sustainable development. Novel process systems with the capability to remove CO2 will be useful for carbon management in the future. It is well-known that major determinants of performance in process systems are established during the design stage. Thus, it is important to employ a systematic tool for process synthesis. This work approaches the design of polygeneration plants with negative emission technologies (NETs) by means of the graph-theoretic approach known as the P-graph framework. As a case study, a polygeneration plant is synthesized for multiperiod operations. Optimal and alternative near-optimal designs in terms of profit are identified, and the influence of network structure on CO2 emissions is assessed for five scenarios. The integration of NETs is considered during synthesis to further reduce carbon footprint. For the scenario without constraint on CO2 emissions, 200 structures with profit differences up to 1.5% compared to the optimal design were generated. The best structures and some alternative designs are evaluated and compared for each case. Alternative solutions prove to have additional practical features that can make them more desirable than the nominal optimum, thus demonstrating the benefits of the analysis of near-optimal solutions in process design.

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Creutzig, Felix, Christian Breyer, Jérôme Hilaire, Jan Minx, Glen P. Peters und Robert Socolow. „The mutual dependence of negative emission technologies and energy systems“. Energy & Environmental Science 12, Nr. 6 (2019): 1805–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ee03682a.

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While a rapid decommissioning of fossil fuel technologies deserves priority, most climate stabilization scenarios suggest that negative emission technologies (NETs) are required to keep global warming well below 2 °C.

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Meysman, Filip J. R., und Francesc Montserrat. „Negative CO 2 emissions via enhanced silicate weathering in coastal environments“. Biology Letters 13, Nr. 4 (April 2017): 20160905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0905.

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Negative emission technologies (NETs) target the removal of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from the atmosphere, and are being actively investigated as a strategy to limit global warming to within the 1.5–2°C targets of the 2015 UN climate agreement. Enhanced silicate weathering (ESW) proposes to exploit the natural process of mineral weathering for the removal of CO 2 from the atmosphere. Here, we discuss the potential of applying ESW in coastal environments as a climate change mitigation option. By deliberately introducing fast-weathering silicate minerals onto coastal sediments, alkalinity is released into the overlying waters, thus creating a coastal CO 2 sink. Compared with other NETs, coastal ESW has the advantage that it counteracts ocean acidification, does not interfere with terrestrial land use and can be directly integrated into existing coastal management programmes with existing (dredging) technology. Yet presently, the concept is still at an early stage, and so two major research challenges relate to the efficiency and environmental impact of ESW. Dedicated experiments are needed (i) to more precisely determine the weathering rate under in situ conditions within the seabed and (ii) to evaluate the ecosystem impacts—both positive and negative—from the released weathering products.

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McCormack, Phillipa C., Jan McDonald und Kerryn A. Brent. „Governance of Land-based Negative-emission Technologies to Promote Biodiversity Conservation: Lessons from Australia“. Climate Law 10, Nr. 2 (26.06.2020): 123–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18786561-01002001.

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Climate change is a fundamental threat to biodiversity. Climate mitigation in general, and Negative-Emission Technologies (nets) in particular, have the potential to benefit biodiversity by reducing climate impacts. Domestic laws could help to ensure that nets have benefits for biodiversity adaptation to climate change (e.g. reducing land clearing and habitat loss and facilitating habitat restoration, corridors for species’ migration, and broader ecological resilience). Domestic laws will also need to govern trade-offs between nets and biodiversity adaptation (e.g. increased competition for land and landscape-scale fragmentation by new industrial developments and linear infrastructure). We argue that domestic laws should be used to maximize the benefits of nets while minimizing trade-offs for biodiversity. These laws should ensure that trade-offs are, at the very least, explicit and transparent, both in terms of their implications for current biodiversity and in the context of an acceleration of climate-driven biodiversity decline.

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Köberle, Alexandre C. „The Value of BECCS in IAMs: a Review“. Current Sustainable/Renewable Energy Reports 6, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2019): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40518-019-00142-3.

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Abstract Purpose of Review Integrated assessment model (IAM) scenarios consistent with Paris Agreement targets involve large negative emission technologies (NETs), mostly bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). Such reliance on BECCS implies IAMs assign it a high value. Past analyses on the value of BECCS in IAMs have not explicitly addressed the role of model structure and assumptions as value drivers. This paper examines the extent to which the value of BECCS in IAMs is enhanced by model structure constraints and assumptions. Recent Findings Predominant use of high discount rates (3.5–5%) means models opt for delayed-action strategies for emissions mitigation that lead to high levels of cumulative net-negative emissions, while lower discount rates lead to reduce reliance on NETs. Until recently in the literature, most models limited NET options to only BECCS and afforestation, but introduction of other CDR options can reduce BECCS deployment. Constraints on grid penetration of variable renewable energy (VRE) is a determining factor on the level of BECCS deployment across models, and more constrained grid penetration of VREs leads to more BECCS in electricity generation. Summary This paper concludes BECCS derives significant value not only from the existing structure of IAMs but also from what is not represented in models and by predominant use of high discount rates. Omissions include NETs other than BECCS and deforestation, low-carbon innovation in end-use technologies, grid resilience to intermittent sources, and energy use in agriculture production. As IAMs increasingly endogenize such constraints, the value of BECCS in resulting scenarios is likely to be dampened.

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de Oliveira Garcia, Wagner, Thorben Amann, Jens Hartmann, Kristine Karstens, Alexander Popp, Lena R. Boysen, Pete Smith und Daniel Goll. „Impacts of enhanced weathering on biomass production for negative emission technologies and soil hydrology“. Biogeosciences 17, Nr. 7 (17.04.2020): 2107–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2107-2020.

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Abstract. Limiting global mean temperature changes to well below 2 ∘C likely requires a rapid and large-scale deployment of negative emission technologies (NETs). Assessments so far have shown a high potential of biomass-based terrestrial NETs, but only a few assessments have included effects of the commonly found nutrient-deficient soils on biomass production. Here, we investigate the deployment of enhanced weathering (EW) to supply nutrients to areas of afforestation–reforestation and naturally growing forests (AR) and bioenergy grasses (BG) that are deficient in phosphorus (P), besides the impacts on soil hydrology. Using stoichiometric ratios and biomass estimates from two established vegetation models, we calculated the nutrient demand of AR and BG. Insufficient geogenic P supply limits C storage in biomass. For a mean P demand by AR and a low-geogenic-P-supply scenario, AR would sequester 119 Gt C in biomass; for a high-geogenic-P-supply and low-AR-P-demand scenario, 187 Gt C would be sequestered in biomass; and for a low geogenic P supply and high AR P demand, only 92 Gt C would be accumulated by biomass. An average amount of ∼150 Gt basalt powder applied for EW would be needed to close global P gaps and completely sequester projected amounts of 190 Gt C during the years 2006–2099 for the mean AR P demand scenario (2–362 Gt basalt powder for the low-AR-P-demand and for the high-AR-P-demand scenarios would be necessary, respectively). The average potential of carbon sequestration by EW until 2099 is ∼12 Gt C (∼0.2–∼27 Gt C) for the specified scenarios (excluding additional carbon sequestration via alkalinity production). For BG, 8 kg basalt m−2 a−1 might, on average, replenish the exported potassium (K) and P by harvest. Using pedotransfer functions, we show that the impacts of basalt powder application on soil hydraulic conductivity and plant-available water, to close predicted P gaps, would depend on basalt and soil texture, but in general the impacts are marginal. We show that EW could potentially close the projected P gaps of an AR scenario and nutrients exported by BG harvest, which would decrease or replace the use of industrial fertilizers. Besides that, EW ameliorates the soil's capacity to retain nutrients and soil pH and replenish soil nutrient pools. Lastly, EW application could improve plant-available-water capacity depending on deployed amounts of rock powder – adding a new dimension to the coupling of land-based biomass NETs with EW.

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Callies, Daniel Edward, und Darrel Moellendorf. „Assessing climate policies: Catastrophe avoidance and the right to sustainable development“. Politics, Philosophy & Economics 20, Nr. 2 (Mai 2021): 127–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470594x211003334.

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With the significant disconnect between the collective aim of limiting warming to well below 2°C and the current means proposed to achieve such an aim, the goal of this paper is to offer a moral assessment of prominent alternatives to current international climate policy. To do so, we’ll outline five different policy routes that could potentially bring the means and goal in line. Those five policy routes are: (1) exceed 2°C; (2) limit warming to less than 2°C by economic de-growth; (3) limit warming to less than 2°C by traditional mitigation only; (4) limit warming to less than 2°C by traditional mitigation and widespread deployment of Negative Emissions Technologies (NETs); and (5) limit warming to less than 2°C by traditional mitigation, NETs, and Solar Radiation Management as a fallback. In assessing these five policy routes, we rely primarily upon two moral considerations: the avoidance of catastrophic climate change and the right to sustainable development. We’ll conclude that we should continue to aim at the two-degree target, and that to get there we should use aggressive mitigation, pursue the deployment of NETs, and continue to research SRM.

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KUPARINEN, KATJA, SATU LIPIÄINEN und ESA VAKKILAINEN. „Can carbon capture be a new revenue opportunity for the pulp and paper sector?“ August 2021 20, Nr. 8 (01.09.2021): 527–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj20.8.527.

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Transition towards carbon neutrality will require application of negative carbon emission technologies (NETs). This creates a new opportunity for the industry in the near future. The pulp and paper industry already utilizes vast amounts of biomass and produces large amounts of biogenic carbon dioxide. The industry is well poised for the use of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), which is considered as one of the key NETs. If the captured carbon dioxide can be used to manufacture green fuels to replace fossil ones, then this will generate a huge additional market where pulp and paper mills are on the front line. The objective of this study is to evaluate future trends and policies affecting the pulp and paper industry and to describe how a carbon neutral or carbon negative pulp and paper production process can be viable. Such policies include, as examples, price of carbon dioxide allowances or support for green fuel production and BECCS implementation. It is known that profitability differs depending on mill type, performance, energy efficiency, or carbon dioxide intensity. The results give fresh understanding on the potential for investing in negative emission technologies. Carbon capture or green fuel production can be economical with an emission trade system, depending on electricity price, green fuel price, negative emission credit, and a mill’s emission profile. However, feasibility does not seem to evidently correlate with the performance, technical age, or the measured efficiency of the mill.

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Hansson, Anders, Mathias Fridahl, Simon Haikola, Pius Yanda, Noah Pauline und Edmund Mabhuye. „Preconditions for bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) in sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Tanzania“. Environment, Development and Sustainability 22, Nr. 7 (21.11.2019): 6851–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-019-00517-y.

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AbstractMost mitigation scenarios compatible with a likely change of holding global warming well below 2 °C rely on negative emissions technologies (NETs). According to the integrated assessment models (IAMs) used to produce mitigation scenarios for the IPCC reports, the NET with the greatest potential to achieve negative emissions is bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). Crucial questions arise about where the enormous quantities of biomass needed according to the IAM scenarios could feasibly be produced in a sustainable manner. Africa is attractive in the context of BECCS because of large areas that could contribute biomass energy and indications of substantial underground CO2 storage capacities. However, estimates of large biomass availability in Africa are usually based on highly aggregated datasets, and only a few studies explore future challenges or barriers for BECCS in any detail. Based on previous research and literature, this paper analyses the pre-conditions for BECCS in Tanzania by studying what we argue are the applications of BECCS, or the components of the BECCS chain, that are most feasible in the country, namely (1) as applied to domestic sugarcane-based energy production (bioethanol), and (2) with Tanzania in a producer and re-growth role in an international BECCS chain, supplying biomass or biofuels for export to developed countries. The review reveals that a prerequisite for both options is either the existence of a functional market for emissions trading and selling, making negative emissions a viable commercial investment, or sustained investment through aid programmes. Also, historically, an important barrier to the development of production capacity of liquid biofuels for export purposes has been given by ethical dilemmas following in the wake of demand for land to facilitate production of biomass, such as sugarcane and jatropha. In these cases, conflicts over access to land and mismanagement have been more of a rule than an exception. Increased production volumes of solid biomass for export to operations that demand bioenergy, be it with or without a CCS component, is likely to give rise to similar conflicts. While BECCS may well play an important role in reducing emissions in countries with high capacity to act combined with existing large point sources of biogenic CO2 emissions, it seems prudent to proceed with utmost caution when implicating BECCS deployment in least developed countries, like Tanzania.The paper argues that negative BECCS-related emissions from Tanzania should not be assumed in global climate mitigation scenarios.

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Abdallah, Yomna K., und Alberto T. Estevez. „BIOACTIVE DEVICES AS SELF-SUFFICIENT SYSTEMS FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION IN ARCHITECTURE“. Journal of Green Building 16, Nr. 2 (01.03.2021): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.16.2.3.

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ABSTRACT Using bioenergy systems in architecture provides energy by means of negative emissions technologies (NETs). It plays an important role in stabilizing CO2 emissions at low levels. This depends on options of low life cycle emissions (for instance, a sustainable use of biomass residues), and on outcomes that are site-specific and rely on efficient integrated systems that convert biomass into bioenergy. The objective of this study is to develop self-sufficient systems that generate bioelectricity and offer safety, electricity generation efficiency, cost-effectiveness, waste treatment, integration in domestic use, ease of use, reproducibility and availability. The study also intends to elaborate a general design method of embedding and utilizing microorganisms into architectural elements to achieve design ecology, introducing a multidisciplinary research application through a design theory aspect. The study is based on previous experimental work conducted by the authors. Microbial fuel cell technology was applied to exploit the natural potential of a fungal strain that was identified and optimized to be implemented in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to generate electricity. The outcomes were included in the self-sufficient cluster design that meets the aforementioned conditions. The novelty of this study is the direct use of a bioreactor of MFCs in a design application for bioelectricity production. It aims to reduce the currently high global CO2 emissions that come from the energy supply sector (47%) and from the building sector (3%), as well as to eliminate the need for large-scale infrastructure intervention. This self-sufficient bio-electricity cluster therefore outweighs other abiotic renewable energy resources such as solar energy or wind power.

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Rickels, Wilfried, Christine Merk, Johannes Honneth, Jörg Schwinger, Martin Quaas und Andreas Oschlies. „Welche Rolle spielen negative Emissionen für die zukünftige Klimapolitik?“ Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik 20, Nr. 2 (06.09.2019): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pwp-2018-0034.

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ZusammenfassungEine rasche Reduktion der Treibhausgasemissionen ist essentiell, wenn ambitionierter Klimaschutz erreicht werden soll. Bei der Abschätzung der dafür notwendigen Anstrengungen und der Bewertung des zukünftigen Beitrags von Technologien, die es erlauben, der Atmosphäre CO2 zu entziehen (negative Emissionstechnologien, NETs), gehen die Meinungen und die Interpretationen des aktuellen Sonderberichts des Weltklimarats stark auseinander. Interpretationen, die sich auf eher große verbleibende CO2-Budgets stützen und damit gleichzeitig die Rolle von NETs für die Erreichung des Temperaturziels herunterspielen, führen nicht zu verantwortungsvollen oder realistischen Einschätzungen der zukünftigen (Forschungs-)Herausforderung: Wir müssen bereits jetzt die Wirksamkeit verschiedener NETs, ihre Grenzen und ihre Wechselwirkungen verstehen, wenn die international angestrebten CO2-Konzentrationspfade realistisch sein sollen. Eine verfrühte Festlegung auf bestimmte NETs sollte vermieden werden. Sobald die Technologien, die sich als effizient erweisen, ausgereift sind, sollte der Umfang ihres Einsatzes durch die Einbeziehung in CO2-Emissionshandelssysteme oder CO2-Emissionssteuerregime bestimmt werden.

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Ng, W. Y., C. X. Low, Z. A. Putra, K. B. Aviso, M. A. B. Promentilla und R. R. Tan. „Ranking negative emissions technologies under uncertainty“. Heliyon 6, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2020): e05730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05730.

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Brander, Matthew, Francisco Ascui, Vivian Scott und Simon Tett. „Carbon accounting for negative emissions technologies“. Climate Policy 21, Nr. 5 (03.02.2021): 699–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2021.1878009.

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Rickels, Wilfried, Christine Merk, Fabian Reith, David P. Keller und Andreas Oschlies. „(Mis)conceptions about modeling of negative emissions technologies“. Environmental Research Letters 14, Nr. 10 (30.09.2019): 104004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab3ab4.

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Lenzi, Dominic, William F. Lamb, Jérôme Hilaire, Martin Kowarsch und Jan C. Minx. „Don’t deploy negative emissions technologies without ethical analysis“. Nature 561, Nr. 7723 (September 2018): 303–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-06695-5.

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Compagnon, D. „Governing a Mirage? False Promises of Negative Emissions Technologies“. Carbon & Climate Law Review 13, Nr. 2 (2019): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21552/cclr/2019/2/5.

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Kruger, Tim, und Richard Darton. „Negative emissions technologies could become the world’s largest industry“. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering 166, Nr. 2 (Mai 2013): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/cien.2013.166.2.51.

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McGlashan, Niall, Nilay Shah, Ben Caldecott und Mark Workman. „High-level techno-economic assessment of negative emissions technologies“. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 90, Nr. 6 (November 2012): 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2012.10.004.

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McLaren, Duncan. „A comparative global assessment of potential negative emissions technologies“. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 90, Nr. 6 (November 2012): 489–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2012.10.005.

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Cox, Emily, und Neil Robert Edwards. „Beyond carbon pricing: policy levers for negative emissions technologies“. Climate Policy 19, Nr. 9 (26.06.2019): 1144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2019.1634509.

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Eisaman, Matthew D. „Negative Emissions Technologies: The Tradeoffs of Air-Capture Economics“. Joule 4, Nr. 3 (März 2020): 516–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2020.02.007.

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Tapia, John Frederick D. „Evaluating negative emissions technologies using neutrosophic data envelopment analysis“. Journal of Cleaner Production 286 (März 2021): 125494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125494.

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Palmer, Chris. „Mitigating Climate Change Will Depend on Negative Emissions Technologies“. Engineering 5, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2019): 982–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2019.10.006.

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Pires, J. C. M. „Negative emissions technologies: A complementary solution for climate change mitigation“. Science of The Total Environment 672 (Juli 2019): 502–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.004.

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Honegger, Matthias, und David Reiner. „The political economy of negative emissions technologies: consequences for international policy design“. Climate Policy 18, Nr. 3 (12.12.2017): 306–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2017.1413322.

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Buck, Holly Jean. „Rapid scale-up of negative emissions technologies: social barriers and social implications“. Climatic Change 139, Nr. 2 (16.08.2016): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-016-1770-6.

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Northrup, Daniel L., Bruno Basso, Michael Q. Wang, Cristine L. S. Morgan und Philip N. Benfey. „Novel technologies for emission reduction complement conservation agriculture to achieve negative emissions from row-crop production“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, Nr. 28 (21.06.2021): e2022666118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022666118.

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Plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through photosynthesis. Because agriculture’s productivity is based on this process, a combination of technologies to reduce emissions and enhance soil carbon storage can allow this sector to achieve net negative emissions while maintaining high productivity. Unfortunately, current row-crop agricultural practice generates about 5% of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States and European Union. To reduce these emissions, significant effort has been focused on changing farm management practices to maximize soil carbon. In contrast, the potential to reduce emissions has largely been neglected. Through a combination of innovations in digital agriculture, crop and microbial genetics, and electrification, we estimate that a 71% (1,744 kg CO2e/ha) reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from row crop agriculture is possible within the next 15 y. Importantly, emission reduction can lower the barrier to broad adoption by proceeding through multiple stages with meaningful improvements that gradually facilitate the transition to net negative practices. Emerging voluntary and regulatory ecosystems services markets will incentivize progress along this transition pathway and guide public and private investments toward technology development. In the difficult quest for net negative emissions, all tools, including emission reduction and soil carbon storage, must be developed to allow agriculture to maintain its critical societal function of provisioning society while, at the same time, generating environmental benefits.

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May, Matthias M., und Kira Rehfeld. „ESD Ideas: Photoelectrochemical carbon removal as negative emission technology“. Earth System Dynamics 10, Nr. 1 (04.01.2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-1-2019.

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Abstract. The pace of the transition to a low-carbon economy – especially in the fuels sector – is not high enough to achieve the 2 ∘C target limit for global warming by only cutting emissions. Most political roadmaps to tackle global warming implicitly rely on the timely availability of mature negative emission technologies, which actively invest energy to remove CO2 from the atmosphere and store it permanently. The models used as a basis for decarbonization policies typically assume an implementation of such large-scale negative emission technologies starting around the year 2030, ramped up to cause net negative emissions in the second half of the century and balancing earlier CO2 release. On average, a contribution of −10 Gt CO2 yr−1 is expected by 2050 (Anderson and Peters, 2016). A viable approach for negative emissions should (i) rely on a scalable and sustainable source of energy (solar), (ii) result in a safely storable product, (iii) be highly efficient in terms of water and energy use, to reduce the required land area and competition with water and food demands of a growing world population, and (iv) feature large-scale feasibility and affordability.

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Nekuda Malik, Jennifer A. „US Academies call for research agenda on Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration“. MRS Bulletin 44, Nr. 1 (Januar 2019): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2019.6.

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Tan, Raymond R., Santanu Bandyopadhyay und Dominic C. Y. Foo. „The role of process integration in managing resource constraints on negative emissions technologies“. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 153 (Februar 2020): 104540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104540.

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Fuhrman, Jay, Haewon McJeon, Pralit Patel, Scott C. Doney, William M. Shobe und Andres F. Clarens. „Food–energy–water implications of negative emissions technologies in a +1.5 °C future“. Nature Climate Change 10, Nr. 10 (24.08.2020): 920–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0876-z.

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Haszeldine, R. Stuart, Stephanie Flude, Gareth Johnson und Vivian Scott. „Negative emissions technologies and carbon capture and storage to achieve the Paris Agreement commitments“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, Nr. 2119 (02.04.2018): 20160447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0447.

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How will the global atmosphere and climate be protected? Achieving net-zero CO 2 emissions will require carbon capture and storage (CCS) to reduce current GHG emission rates, and negative emissions technology (NET) to recapture previously emitted greenhouse gases. Delivering NET requires radical cost and regulatory innovation to impact on climate mitigation. Present NET exemplars are few, are at small-scale and not deployable within a decade, with the exception of rock weathering, or direct injection of CO 2 into selected ocean water masses. To keep warming less than 2°C, bioenergy with CCS (BECCS) has been modelled but does not yet exist at industrial scale. CCS already exists in many forms and at low cost. However, CCS has no political drivers to enforce its deployment. We make a new analysis of all global CCS projects and model the build rate out to 2050, deducing this is 100 times too slow. Our projection to 2050 captures just 700 Mt CO 2 yr −1 , not the minimum 6000 Mt CO 2 yr −1 required to meet the 2°C target. Hence new policies are needed to incentivize commercial CCS. A first urgent action for all countries is to commercially assess their CO 2 storage. A second simple action is to assign a Certificate of CO 2 Storage onto producers of fossil carbon, mandating a progressively increasing proportion of CO 2 to be stored. No CCS means no 2°C. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The Paris Agreement: understanding the physical and social challenges for a warming world of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels'.

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Daggash, H. A., C. F. Heuberger und N. Mac Dowell. „The role and value of negative emissions technologies in decarbonising the UK energy system“. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 81 (Februar 2019): 181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.12.019.

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Gray, Luke A., Andres G. Bisonó León, Folkers E. Rojas, Samuel S. Veroneau und Alexander H. Slocum. „Caribbean-Wide, Negative Emissions Solution to Sargassum spp. Low-Cost Collection Device and Sustainable Disposal Method“. Phycology 1, Nr. 1 (12.08.2021): 49–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/phycology1010004.

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Sargassum spp. blooms exacerbated by climate change and agricultural runoff are inundating Caribbean beaches, emitting toxic fumes and greenhouse gases through decomposition. This hurts tourism, artisanal fishing, shore-based industry, human health, standards-of-living, coastal ecology, and the global climate. Barriers, collection machinery, and Sargassum valorization have been unable to provide sufficient, sustainable, or widespread relief. This article presents a total Sargassum management system that is effective, low-impact, and economically scalable across the Caribbean. Littoral Collection Modules (LCMs), attached to artisanal fishing boats, collect Sargassum in nets which are brought to a barge. When full, the barge is towed to the deep ocean where Sargassum is pumped to ~150–200 m depth, whereafter it continues sinking (Sargassum Ocean Sequestration of Carbon; “SOS Carbon”). Costing and negative emissions calculations for this system show cleanup costs <$1/m3 and emissions reduction potential up to 1.356 → 3.029 tCO2e/dmt Sargassum. COVID-19 decimated Caribbean tourism, adding to the pressures of indebtedness and natural disasters facing the region. The “SOS Carbon strategy” could help the Caribbean “build back better” by establishing a negative emissions industry that builds resilience against Sargassum and flight shame (“flygskam”). Employing fishermen to operate LCMs achieves socioeconomic goals while increasing Sargassum cleanup and avoiding landfilling achieves sustainable development goals.

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Krčum, Maja, Anita Gudelj und Vinko Tomas. „Optimal Design of Ship’s Hybrid Power System for Efficient Energy“. Transactions on Maritime Science 7, Nr. 1 (20.04.2018): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7225/toms.v07.n01.002.

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The International Maritime Organization regulations on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) from ships require efficient dealing with this complex techno-economic and highly political problem through joint efforts of all major stakeholders from the shipbuilding industry and ship operations. The key problems of any research in the field of renewable energy, including power generation, storage, transformation and distribution, and the issues associated with limited power generation for specific loads, are the same issues that are experienced in the implementation of electric distribution technologies onboard ships. This paper analyses the effects of efficient shipping using the solar panel system and batteries to ensure continuous power supply, regardless of the weather conditions. The logistics chain of this control architecture is modelled by Colored Petri Nets. The economic analysis examines the annual costs of fuel consumption, the initial capital cost, total net cost and CO2 emissions.

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Tang, Haoyue, Ping Jiang, Jia He und Weichun Ma. „Synergies of Cutting Air Pollutants and CO2 Emissions by the End-of-Pipe Treatment Facilities in a Typical Chinese Integrated Steel Plant“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 12 (24.06.2020): 5157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125157.

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Reducing industrial emissions has become increasingly important, given China’s ongoing industrialization. In this study, the reduction in CO2 emissions and air pollutants due to end-of-pipe treatment in a typical integrated steel plant in China was assessed. The emissions were subdivided into sector levels, including main production and auxiliary departments. The synergies of reducing air pollutants and CO2 emissions using end-of-pipe treatment technologies were quantified, including direct and indirect effects. The results show that (1) using the carbon balance method is more suitable for the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the steel plants in China at the enterprise and sector levels. The carbon-related parameters adopted in the carbon balance method strongly impact the accuracy of the emission calculation. (2) Compared with the direct synergistic CO2 emissions caused by chemical reactions, the indirect emissions due to the power consumption of the end-of-pipe facilities is more significant. (3) To achieve the control of local air pollutants and CO2 emissions, the negative effects of CO2 emissions caused by the end-of-pipe treatment technologies should be considered.

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Pidgeon, Nick F., und Elspeth Spence. „Perceptions of enhanced weathering as a biological negative emissions option“. Biology Letters 13, Nr. 4 (April 2017): 20170024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0024.

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This paper addresses the social acceptability of enhanced weathering, a technology that would involve spreading silicate particles over terrestrial surfaces in order to boost the biological processes that currently sequester CO 2 as part of the earth's natural carbon cycle. We present the first exploration of British attitudes towards enhanced weathering, using an online survey ( n = 935) of a representative quota sample of the public. Baseline awareness of weathering was extremely low. Many respondents remained undecided or neutral about risks, although more people support than oppose weathering. Factors predicting support for weathering and its research included feelings about the technology and trust in scientists. Over half of the sample agrees that scientists should be able to conduct research into effectiveness and risks, but with conditions also placed upon how research is conducted, including the need for scientific independence, small-scale trials, strict monitoring, risk minimization and transparency of results. Public engagement is needed to explore in more detail why particular individuals feel either positive or negative about weathering, and why they believe particular conditions should be applied to research, as part of wider responsible research and innovation processes for biological and other types of negative emissions technologies.

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Radunsky, Klaus, und Tim Cadman. „Governing the Sun“. International Journal of Social Quality 9, Nr. 2 (01.12.2019): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ijsq.2019.090203.

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Governments have previously sought to reduce climate-change-inducing concentrations of carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere through mitigation and adaptation activities, with limited success. New approaches are being explored, such as negative emissions technologies, including carbon dioxide removal, as well as solar geoengineering, also known as solar radiation management, or modification. This article outlines these emerging technologies focusing on bioenergy, carbon capture and storage, and stratospheric aerosol injection, and explores some of the challenges they pose. Prevention of emissions and their reliable, safe, and environmentally benign removal remain the best options. Robust governance systems and a careful, unbiased, and knowledge-driven assessment of the risks of these emerging technologies are required before they are implemented any further.

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Konieczna, Anita, Kamil Roman, Kinga Borek und Emilia Grzegorzewska. „GHG and NH3 Emissions vs. Energy Efficiency of Maize Production Technology: Evidence from Polish Farms; a Further Study“. Energies 14, Nr. 17 (06.09.2021): 5574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175574.

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The paper determines the effect of selected cultivation technologies, including production chain energy inputs (growing, harvest, heap forming) on greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) to the atmosphere. The data for the study was collected from 13 actually operating family farms ranging in size from 2 to 13 ha, located in the Podlaskie voivodship (Poland). GHG and ammonia (NH3) emissions from natural and mineral fertilisation as well as GHGs from energy carriers in a form of fuels (ON) were estimated. The average GHG emissions from the sources analysed were 1848.030 kg·CO2eq·ha−1 and 29.492 kg·CO2eq·t−1 of the green forage yield. The average NH3 emissions per hectare were 15,261.808 kg NH3 and 248.871 kg NH3·t−1 of yield. The strongest impact on the environment, due to the GHG emissions to the atmosphere, thus contributing to the greenhouse effect, is due nitrogen fertilisation, both mineral and natural. On average, in the technologies under study, 61% of the total GHG emissions came from fertilisation. The GHG emissions were correlated with the energy efficiency, calculated at the previous research stage, of the production technologies applied. There is a negative correlation (r = −0.80) between the features studied, which means that the higher the energy efficiency of the silage maize plantations, the lower the air pollution emissions in a form of the GHGs from the sources under study. It is so important to prevent environmental degradation to continue, conduct in-depth, interdisciplinary research on reducing the energy consumption of crop production technologies and striving to increase energy efficiency.

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Gubacheva, L. A., D. Yu Chizhevskaya, I. V. Makarova und A. A. Andreev. „TECHNOLOGIES OF RATIONAL NATURE MANAGEMENT IN TRANSPORT“. Ecology. Economy. Informatics.System analysis and mathematical modeling of ecological and economic systems 1, Nr. 5 (2020): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.23885/2500-395x-2020-1-5-123-129.

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In modern conditions, the problem of waste pollution of the earth bowels, the atmosphere, natural and artificial water areas is especially acute. Domestic wastes are incinerated or taken to a landfill, as a result, there is an environmental damage – the area of alienated land resources increases and the atmosphere is polluted. The negative impact of municipal solid waste (MSW) on the environment, leading to climate change, an increase in the greenhouse effect and an increase in the number of natural hazards, makes it necessary to search for solutions to reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere, increase the energy efficiency of processes, in particular, in transport systems, due to fuel efficiency using. The most negative impact on the state of the air environment is exerted by emissions in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, including those using natural gas, nitrogen monoxides and dioxides as fuel. Reducing harmful emissions is possible, for example, by improving the technology for producing generator gas as an alternative fuel, which makes it possible to reduce the concentration of nitrogen oxides in any devices for burning up solid, liquid and gaseous fuels in internal combustion engines. The article discusses the issues of waste generation and their impact on the environment, the technologies for rational use of natural resources in transport and methods for improving waste processing technologies are presented. A new horizontal design of a combined automobile gas generator has been developed. It makes it possible to transfer the power supply from liquid motor fuel to generator gas produced from woodworking industry waste, agricultural waste, solid household and polyethylene-containing waste. This will reduce pollution of the world’s oceans by slowly decomposing polyethylene, which are now acquiring the character of a disaster on a planetary scale. An increase in the environmental level of gasoline engines and a decrease of the amount of waste during the operation of road transport will be achieved with the modernization of the waste processing plant to obtain energy carriers for transport. In its turn, it will make it possible to form a natural and technical system to ensure environmental safety and protect the natural environment.

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Chatti, Walid. „Information and communication technologies, road freight transport, and environmental sustainability“. Environmental Economics 11, Nr. 1 (19.10.2020): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.11(1).2020.11.

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Despite progress in reducing air pollutants in several countries, freight transport continues to have undesirable effects on environmental quality, human health, and the economy. Road freight transport, in particular, is associated with various negative externalities, including environmental and health damages, and the overexploitation of non-renewable natural resources. This paper investigates how ICTs interact with road freight transport to affect environmental quality regarding reducing CO2 emissions. The empirical strategy is focused on the yearly dataset from 2002 to 2014 in 43 countries. Using the two-step GMM techniques, the findings suggest that ICTs can decrease road freight transport’s negative impacts on environmental sustainability. Besides, the interactions of mobile phone and fixed telephone technologies with road freight transport are more efficient in reducing pollution than using internet networks. This paper underlines the importance of using ICTs to dampen road freight transport’s negative effects on environmental sustainability.

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Ivanova, Irina, Elena Golovina, Vyacheslav Manokhin und Elena Sushko. „Technical and economic efficiency of technologies for cleaning the air from harmful emissions“. E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 09002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124409002.

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Industrial dust is one of the most common harmful factors in the working environment. Because of it, equipment can fail. When inhaled, it has a negative effect on health and can lead to specific diseases. It reduces visibility in the production area. The aim of the study is to achieve the necessary environmental effect that ensures a decrease in the amount of harmful emissions in the working area, i.e. the ecological effect can be determined by the amount of pollutants, the spread of which is prevented as a result of the installation of highly efficient technological equipment specially designed for these purposes.

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Skorupka, Maria, und Artur Nosalewicz. „Ammonia Volatilization from Fertilizer Urea—A New Challenge for Agriculture and Industry in View of Growing Global Demand for Food and Energy Crops“. Agriculture 11, Nr. 9 (29.08.2021): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090822.

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The growing world population and the necessity to meet its nutritional needs despite the limited area of agricultural land pose a serious challenge for agriculture. Agriculture is responsible for 80–95% of total ammonia emissions to the atmosphere, but at the same time it has great potential to reduce them. Fertilisation with mineral nitrogen (in particular urea) is responsible for 19.0–20.3% of total ammonia emissions emitted from agriculture. Ammonia emissions have a negative impact on the environment and human health, therefore it is important to minimize the volatilization of ammonia and increase fertiliser efficiency. This is important due to the need to mitigate the negative impact of anthropopressure on the environment in terms of air pollution, negative effect on soils and waters. The application of urease inhibitors during fertilisation with nitrogen fertilisers is one method to reduce ammonia emissions from plant production. Another option to achieve this goal is to reverse the global trend toward maximizing the production of energy crops (intensive fertilisation inevitably increasing ammonia emissions to the environment) for the production of biofuels, which is growing rapidly, taking up arable land that could be used for food production. The aim of the review is to identify the impact of recently introduced technologies for reducing ammonia emissions from urea on agricultural productivity, environment, and crops. It is of importance to reconsider optimization of crop production in arable land, possible owing to the progress in the production, modification, and application of mineral fertilisers and changes in crop structure. A broad debate is necessary with policymakers and stakeholders to define new targets allowing introduction of technologies for conversion of energy crops into energy with a minimal impact on food production and environmental issue.

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