Thematische Bibliographien / Negative emissions technologies (NETs)

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Negative emissions technologies (NETs)“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 25. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Negative emissions technologies (NETs)"

Yan, Jinyue, Michael Obersteiner, Kenneth Möllersten und Jose Roberto Moreira. „Negative Emission Technologies – NETs“. Applied Energy 255 (Dezember 2019): 113749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113749.

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Smith, Pete, R. Stuart Haszeldine und Stephen M. Smith. „Preliminary assessment of the potential for, and limitations to, terrestrial negative emission technologies in the UK“. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 18, Nr. 11 (2016): 1400–1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6em00386a.

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Fajardy, Mathilde, und Niall Mac Dowell. „Can BECCS deliver sustainable and resource efficient negative emissions?“ Energy & Environmental Science 10, Nr. 6 (2017): 1389–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ee00465f.

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Negative emissions technologies (NETs) in general and bioenergy with CO₂ capture and storage (BECCS) in particular are commonly regarded as vital yet controversial to meeting our climate goals. In this contribution we show how the sustainability and carbon efficiency, or otherwise, of BECCS depends entirely on the choices made throughout the BECCS supply chain.

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Hilaire, Jérôme, Jan C. Minx, Max W. Callaghan, Jae Edmonds, Gunnar Luderer, Gregory F. Nemet, Joeri Rogelj und Maria del Mar Zamora. „Negative emissions and international climate goals—learning from and about mitigation scenarios“. Climatic Change 157, Nr. 2 (17.10.2019): 189–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02516-4.

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Abstract For aiming to keep global warming well-below 2 °C and pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5 °C, as set out in the Paris Agreement, a full-fledged assessment of negative emission technologies (NETs) that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is crucial to inform science-based policy making. With the Paris Agreement in mind, we re-analyse available scenario evidence to understand the roles of NETs in 1.5 °C and 2 °C scenarios and, for the first time, link this to a systematic review of findings in the underlying literature. In line with previous research, we find that keeping warming below 1.5 °C requires a rapid large-scale deployment of NETs, while for 2 °C, we can still limit NET deployment substantially by ratcheting up near-term mitigation ambition. Most recent evidence stresses the importance of future socio-economic conditions in determining the flexibility of NET deployment and suggests opportunities for hedging technology risks by adopting portfolios of NETs. Importantly, our thematic review highlights that there is a much richer set of findings on NETs than commonly reflected upon both in scientific assessments and available reviews. In particular, beyond the common findings on NETs underpinned by dozens of studies around early scale-up, the changing shape of net emission pathways or greater flexibility in the timing of climate policies, there is a suite of “niche and emerging findings”, e.g. around innovation needs and rapid technological change, termination of NETs at the end of the twenty-first century or the impacts of climate change on the effectiveness of NETs that have not been widely appreciated. Future research needs to explore the role of climate damages on NET uptake, better understand the geophysical constraints of NET deployment (e.g. water, geological storage, climate feedbacks), and provide a more systematic assessment of NET portfolios in the context of sustainable development goals.

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Kato, Etsushi, und Atsushi Kurosawa. „Role of negative emissions technologies (NETs) and innovative technologies in transition of Japan’s energy systems toward net-zero CO2 emissions“. Sustainability Science 16, Nr. 2 (30.01.2021): 463–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-00908-z.

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Sarnoff, Joshua D. „Negative-Emission Technologies and Patent Rights after COVID-19“. Climate Law 10, Nr. 3-4 (18.11.2020): 225–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18786561-10030001.

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Abstract Governmental and particularly private funding has recently and dramatically expanded for both beccs and dac technologies. This funding and the associated research, development, and deployment efforts will generate intellectual property rights, particularly patent rights in nets. As with access to medicines, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted concerns that patent rights may incentivize RD&D at the cost of affordable access to the relevant technologies. Further, access may be restricted to particular countries based on sovereignty concerns to seek preferential supply agreements through up-front funding. As a result, nations will likely turn to controversial ex-post measures, such as compulsory licensing, to assure access and to control prices of the needed technologies. The same concerns with patent rights likely will affect RD&D of nets. Although international ex-ante measures exist (such as patent pools) which would help to minimize these concerns, such measures may not induce the requisite voluntary contributions, or may fail to materialize due to political disagreements. Focusing on both US law and international developments, this article proposes various ex-ante measures that can be adopted by national governments and private funders to minimize the likely forthcoming worldwide conflicts that will arise over balancing innovation incentives for, and affordable access to, patented nets.

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Fridahl, Mathias, Anders Hansson und Simon Haikola. „Towards Indicators for a Negative Emissions Climate Stabilisation Index: Problems and Prospects“. Climate 8, Nr. 6 (11.06.2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli8060075.

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The incongruence between the United Nations objective to hold global warming well below 2 °C and the rate of global emission reductions has intensified interest in negative emissions. Previous research has explored several pros and cons of individual negative emissions technologies. Systematised approaches to comparing and prioritising among them are, however, largely lacking. In response to this gap in the literature, this article reviews the scientific literature on indicators for designing negative emissions climate stabilisation value indexes. An index typically provides summary measures of several components, often denoted indicators. Utilizing a narrative review methodology, the article derives five categories of indicators underpinned by overlapping and often mutually reinforcing environmental and socio-economic values. A list of 21 indicators are proposed to capture both positive and negative values associated with effectiveness, efficiency, scale, risk, and synergies. While discussing indicators capable of providing guidance on negative emissions is timely, given the emerging shift away from pure emission reduction targets towards net-zero targets, numerous complexities are involved in determining their relative values. The results herein serve to inform policy making on the prioritisation and incentivisation of negative emissions technologies capable of delivering on the new objectives, and the results highlight the many risks and uncertainties involved in such exercises. The article concludes that systematic research on the comparison of NETs is incomplete. An iterative, interdisciplinary research programme exploring such questions has the potential to be extremely rewarding.

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Pimentel, Jean, Ákos Orosz, Kathleen B. Aviso, Raymond R. Tan und Ferenc Friedler. „Conceptual Design of a Negative Emissions Polygeneration Plant for Multiperiod Operations Using P-Graph“. Processes 9, Nr. 2 (27.01.2021): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020233.

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Reduction of CO2 emissions from industrial facilities is of utmost importance for sustainable development. Novel process systems with the capability to remove CO2 will be useful for carbon management in the future. It is well-known that major determinants of performance in process systems are established during the design stage. Thus, it is important to employ a systematic tool for process synthesis. This work approaches the design of polygeneration plants with negative emission technologies (NETs) by means of the graph-theoretic approach known as the P-graph framework. As a case study, a polygeneration plant is synthesized for multiperiod operations. Optimal and alternative near-optimal designs in terms of profit are identified, and the influence of network structure on CO2 emissions is assessed for five scenarios. The integration of NETs is considered during synthesis to further reduce carbon footprint. For the scenario without constraint on CO2 emissions, 200 structures with profit differences up to 1.5% compared to the optimal design were generated. The best structures and some alternative designs are evaluated and compared for each case. Alternative solutions prove to have additional practical features that can make them more desirable than the nominal optimum, thus demonstrating the benefits of the analysis of near-optimal solutions in process design.

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Creutzig, Felix, Christian Breyer, Jérôme Hilaire, Jan Minx, Glen P. Peters und Robert Socolow. „The mutual dependence of negative emission technologies and energy systems“. Energy & Environmental Science 12, Nr. 6 (2019): 1805–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ee03682a.

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While a rapid decommissioning of fossil fuel technologies deserves priority, most climate stabilization scenarios suggest that negative emission technologies (NETs) are required to keep global warming well below 2 °C.

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Meysman, Filip J. R., und Francesc Montserrat. „Negative CO 2 emissions via enhanced silicate weathering in coastal environments“. Biology Letters 13, Nr. 4 (April 2017): 20160905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0905.

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Negative emission technologies (NETs) target the removal of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from the atmosphere, and are being actively investigated as a strategy to limit global warming to within the 1.5–2°C targets of the 2015 UN climate agreement. Enhanced silicate weathering (ESW) proposes to exploit the natural process of mineral weathering for the removal of CO 2 from the atmosphere. Here, we discuss the potential of applying ESW in coastal environments as a climate change mitigation option. By deliberately introducing fast-weathering silicate minerals onto coastal sediments, alkalinity is released into the overlying waters, thus creating a coastal CO 2 sink. Compared with other NETs, coastal ESW has the advantage that it counteracts ocean acidification, does not interfere with terrestrial land use and can be directly integrated into existing coastal management programmes with existing (dredging) technology. Yet presently, the concept is still at an early stage, and so two major research challenges relate to the efficiency and environmental impact of ESW. Dedicated experiments are needed (i) to more precisely determine the weathering rate under in situ conditions within the seabed and (ii) to evaluate the ecosystem impacts—both positive and negative—from the released weathering products.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Negative emissions technologies (NETs)"

Gren, Sofia, und Linnea Sörman. „Interpretations of concepts and implementation of negative emissions technologies (NETs) in long-term climate targets : A cross country comparison“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176108.

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Countries' long-term climate targets are described by different concepts who, over time, have become increasingly dependent on negative emissions technologies (NETs) in order for the targets to be reached. This thesis is a cross country comparison, examining similarities and differences in the concepts used by seven countries to express their long-term climate targets, focusing on their plans for implementing NETs. The empirical material was collected from interviews with experts from each country. Concepts in long-term climate targets can have various interpretations and there are uncertainties about what emissions that are covered within the different concepts. NETs are crucial for achieving any type of net-zero target however they are in nascent stages, except for forest management, and there are several factors affecting the possibilities to implement NETs. It is important not to focus too much on NETs to comply with the long-term climate targets, NETs should function as a complement to emissions reduction and target the unavoidable emissions. We recommend that countries clarify what emissions are included within their concept, set out specific targets for NETs and lastly put a great effort into clarifying policy instruments related to NETs.
Ländernas långsiktiga klimatmål beskrivs av olika begrepp som är beroende av negativa utsläppstekniker för att målen ska nås. Denna avhandling är en jämförelse mellan sju länder där ländernas likheter och skillnader undersöks genom deras val av begrepp och även deras planer för att implementera tekniker för att nå negativa utsläpp. Det empiriska materialet samlades in från intervjuer med experter från varje land. Begrepp i de långsiktiga klimatmålen kan ha olika tolkningar och det råder osäkerhet om vilka utsläpp som täcks upp inom de olika begreppen. Negativa utsläppstekniker är avgörande för att uppnå alla typer av netto-nollmål men de befinner sig i väldigt tidiga faser av utveckling, förutom skog som redan finns på plats och det finns flera faktorer som påverkar möjligheterna att implementera negativa utsläppstekniker. Det är viktigt att inte fokusera för mycket på negativa utsläppstekniker för att uppfylla de långsiktiga klimatmålen, de bör fungera som ett komplement till utsläppsminskning och rikta in sig på de oundvikliga utsläppen. Vi rekommenderar att länder klargör vilka utsläpp som ingår i begreppen, fastställer specifika mål för negativa utsläppstekniker och slutligen satsar mycket på att klargöra policyinstrument relaterade till negativa utsläppstekniker.

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Sclarsic, Sarah Mary Haiken. „A bioengineering roadmap for negative emissions technologies“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130839.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, February, 2021
Cataloged from the official PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 49-59).
Negative emissions technologies that can remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere are a critical tool to limit global temperature rise and ocean acidification. Bioengineering capabilities have not been sufficiently assessed or utilized for the development of negative emissions technologies. Bioengineering holds the potential to improve the efficiency of some existing technologies and to create new methods of carbon removal. I review existing technologies to assess how bioengineering could improve them, focusing on technologies that could achieve at least 1 Gt of CO₂ removal per year. I also investigate and describe potential new methods of carbon removal that leverage bioengineering. Key questions for additional research are identified, as are key engineering targets for the development of improved negative emissions technologies. This evaluation of potential high-impact R&D work is intended to provide an initial roadmap for the development of bioengineered negative emissions technologies that are scalable, sustainable, and can remove gigatons of CO₂ from the atmosphere.
by Sarah Mary Haiken Sclarsic.
S.M.
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences

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„Reframing the Climate Change Problem: Evaluating the Political, Technological, and Ethical Management of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the United States“. Doctoral diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.57290.

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abstract: Research confirms that climate change is primarily due to the influx of greenhouse gases from the anthropogenic burning of fossil fuels for energy. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the dominant greenhouse gas contributing to climate change. Although research also confirms that negative emission technologies (NETs) are necessary to stay within 1.5-2°C of global warming, this dissertation proposes that the climate change problem has been ineffectively communicated to suggest that CO2 emissions reduction is the only solution to climate change. Chapter 1 explains that current United States (US) policies focus heavily on reducing CO2 emissions, but ignore the concentrations of previous CO2 emissions accumulating in the atmosphere. Through political, technological, and ethical lenses, this dissertation evaluates whether the management process of CO2 emissions and concentrations in the US today can effectively combat climate change. Chapter 2 discusses the historical management of US air pollution, why CO2 is regulated as an air pollutant, and how the current political framing of climate change as an air pollution problem promotes the use of market-based solutions to reduce emissions but ignores CO2 concentrations. Chapter 3 argues for the need to reframe climate change solutions to include reducing CO2 concentrations along with emissions. It presents the scientific reasoning and technological needs for reducing CO2 concentrations, why direct air capture (DAC) is the most effective NET to do so, and existing regulatory systems that can inform future CO2 removal policy. Chapter 4 explores whether Responsible Innovation (RI), a framework that includes society in the innovation process of emerging technologies, is effective for the ethical research and deployment of DAC; reveals the need for increased DAC governance strategies, and suggests how RI can be expanded to allow continued research of controversial emerging technologies in case of a climate change emergency. Overall, this dissertation argues that climate change must be reframed as a two-part problem: preventing new CO2 emissions and reducing concentrations, which demands increased investment in DAC research, development, and deployment. However, without a national or global governance strategy for DAC, it will remain difficult to include CO2 concentration reduction as an essential piece to the climate change solution.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2020

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Bücher zum Thema "Negative emissions technologies (NETs)"

Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/25259.

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Rackley, Stephen A. Negative Emissions Technologies for Climate Change Mitigation. Elsevier, 2021.

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda. National Academies Press, 2019.

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Kemmerer, Lisa. Eating Earth. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199391844.001.0001.

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Exploring the environmental effects of animal agriculture, fishing, and hunting, Eating Earth exposes critical common ground between earth and animal advocacy. The first chapter (animal agriculture) examines greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, manure and dead zones, freshwater depletion, deforestation, predator control, land and use--including the ranching industries public lands subsidies. Chapter two first examines whether or not the consumption of fish is healthy and outlines morally relevant aspects of fish physiology, then scrutinizes the fishing industry, documenting the "silent collapse" of ocean ecosystems and calling attention to the indiscriminate nature of hooks and nets, including the problem of bycatch and what this means for endangered species and fragile seascapes. Chapter three outlines the historic link between the U. S. Government, wildlife management, and hunters, then systematically unravels common beliefs about sport hunting, such as the belief that hunters are essential to wildlife conservation, that contemporary hunting qualifies as a tradition, and that hunting is merciful, economical, or rooted in "fair chase." At the end of each chapter, Kemmerer examines possible solutions to problems presented, such as sustainable meats, organic and local, grass fed, aquaculture, new fishing technologies, and enhanced regulations. Eating Earth offers a concise examination of the environmental effects of dietary choice, clearly presenting the many reasons why dietary choice ought to be front and center for environmentalists. Kemmerer's writing, supported by nearly 80 graphs and summary slides, is clear, straightforward, and punctuated with wry humor.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Negative emissions technologies (NETs)"

Daggash, H. A., M. Fajardy und N. Mac Dowell. „Chapter 14. Negative Emissions Technologies“. In Energy and Environment Series, 447–511. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788012744-00447.

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Radunsky, Klaus. „The Politics and Governance of Negative Emissions Technologies“. In Climate Change Management, 87–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72874-2_5.

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Lea-Langton, Amanda, und Gordon Andrews. „Pre-combustion Technologies“. In Biomass Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS): Unlocking Negative Emissions, 67–91. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119237716.ch4.

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Finney, Karen N., Hannah Chalmers, Mathieu Lucquiaud, Juan Riaza, János Szuhánszki und Bill Buschle. „Post-combustion and Oxy-combustion Technologies“. In Biomass Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS): Unlocking Negative Emissions, 47–66. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119237716.ch3.

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Bhave, Amit, Paul Fennell, Niall Mac Dowell, Nilay Shah und Richard H. S. Taylor. „Techno-economics of Biomass-based Power Generation with CCS Technologies for Deployment in 2050“. In Biomass Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS): Unlocking Negative Emissions, 93–113. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119237716.ch5.

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Winning, Matthew, Steve Pye, James Glynn, Daniel Scamman und Daniel Welsby. „How Low Can We Go? The Implications of Delayed Ratcheting and Negative Emissions Technologies on Achieving Well Below 2 °C“. In Lecture Notes in Energy, 51–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74424-7_4.

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Ayinde, Taiwo B., Benjamin Ahmed und Charles F. Nicholson. „Farm-Level Impacts of Greenhouse Gas Reductions for the Predominant Production Systems in Northern Nigeria“. In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 875–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_4.

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AbstractThis chapter summarizes the sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from different economic sectors in Nigeria and emphasizes those arising from agriculture and forestry. The impacts of climate change on agricultural systems in Nigeria are likely to be large, motivating the need for additional knowledge to assess current practices and formulate appropriate modifications for both mitigation and adaptation. Some current farming practices are believed to be adaptive, but further study would provide better assessments. We also analyzed the trade-offs between household income and GHG emissions at two contrasting sites in northern Nigeria. A farm optimization model maximizing the value of crop, livestock, and tree production activities in a single representative year assessed the potential impacts for GHG reductions of 10% and 25% and the maximum allowable reductions of 26% and 30% on farm activities and income. Emissions reductions of 10% reduced annual household incomes by less than 5% but required substantive changes, especially in livestock owned. Maximum possible GHG emissions reductions (while still meeting minimum household consumption needs) would require marked changes in production pattern and would lower household incomes by 22–44%. We did not assess effects over longer periods, where the role of livestock as a key asset may imply additional negative impacts. Productivity-enhancing technologies that would simultaneously reduce GHG emissions and increase incomes are needed for smallholder farms to play a larger role in climate change mitigation without the burden of reduced incomes and greater risk. This suggests the need for programmatic and policy actions both by national agricultural research systems and the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR).

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Tan, Raymond R., Elvin Michael R. Almario, Kathleen B. Aviso, Jose B. Cruz und Michael Angelo B. Promentilla. „Ranking Negative Emissions Technology Options under Uncertainty“. In Advances in Carbon Management Technologies, 273–85. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429243608-15.

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de Richter, Renaud, Sylvain Caillol und Tingzhen Ming. „Geoengineering: Sunlight reflection methods and negative emissions technologies for greenhouse gas removal“. In Managing Global Warming, 581–636. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-814104-5.00020-x.

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Gibberd, Jeremy. „Green Building Technologies“. In Cases on Green Energy and Sustainable Development, 482–510. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8559-6.ch017.

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Buildings are responsible for 40% of global energy use and produce over a third of global greenhouse gas emissions. These impacts are being acknowledged and addressed in specialist building design techniques and technologies that aim to reduce the environmental impacts of buildings. These techniques and technologies can be referred to collectively as green building technologies. This chapter describes green building technologies and shows why they are vital in addressing climate change and reducing the negative environmental impacts associated with built environments. A structured approach is presented which can be applied to identify and integrate green building technologies into new and existing buildings. By combining global implications with technical detail, the chapter provides a valuable guide to green building technologies and their role in supporting a transition to a more sustainable future.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Negative emissions technologies (NETs)"

Font-Palma, Carolina, George Lychnos, Homam Nikpey Somehsaraei, Paul Willson und Mohsen Assadi. „Comparison of Performance of Alternative Post Combustion Carbon Capture Processes for a Biogas Fueled Micro Gas Turbine“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15558.

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Abstract The urgent need to decrease greenhouse gases (GHG) has prompted countries such as the UK and Norway to commit to net zero emissions by 2050 and 2030, respectively. One of the sectors contributing to GHG emissions is agriculture, by approximately 10% in the EU in 2017. GHG reductions in the production side should involve avoidance at source, reduction of emissions and/or removal of those emissions, with the potential for negative emissions by carbon capture. This paper focuses on the utilisation of agricultural waste that can be converted into biogas, such as livestock and crops residues which represent around 37% of GHG emissions by agriculture in the EU. The biogas can be used to produce electricity and heat in a micro gas turbine (MGT). Then, the exhaust gases can be sent to a carbon capture plant. This offers the potential for integration of waste into energy for in-house use in farms and fosters a circular-bioeconomy, where the captured CO2 could be used in greenhouses to grow vegetables. This could even allow the integration of other renewable technologies, since the MGT offers flexible operation for rapid start-up and shut down or intermittency of other technologies such as solar or wind. Current carbon capture processes are very costly at the smaller scales typical of remote communities. The alternative A3C (advanced cryogenic carbon capture) process is much more economical at smaller scales. The A3C separates CO2 from process gas that flows counter-currently with a cold moving bed, where the CO2 desublimes on the surface of bed material as a thin layer of frost. This allows enhanced heat transfer and avoids heavy build-up of frost that reduces severely the heat transfer. The phase change separation process employed by A3C and the large thermal inertia of the separation medium gives good flexibility of capture for load changes and on-off despatch. This study integrates a combined heat and power MGT, Turbec T100, of 100 kWe output. This include developed models for the MGT using characteristics maps for the compressor and turbine and for the cryogenic carbon capture plant, using two software tools, IPSEpro and Aspen Plus, respectively.

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Petersen, Nils Hendrik, Thomas Bexten, Christian Goßrau und Manfred Wirsum. „Analysis of the Emission Reduction Potential and Combustion Stability Limits of a Hydrogen-Fired Gas Turbine With External Exhaust Gas Recirculation“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-58674.

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Abstract To mitigate its impact on global climate, the power generation sector must strive towards a transition to net-zero emissions of greenhouse gases. This can be achieved by a massive penetration of renewable power generation. However, a high share of renewable power generation requires dispatchable and flexible power generation technologies such as gas turbines to maintain the stability of power grids. To achieve net-zero green house gas emissions, gas turbines have to be operated exclusively with carbon-neutral fuels. Hydrogen is a promising carbon-neutral fuel, although it comes along with several challenges regarding stable combustion. A possible measure to stabilize hydrogen combustion is the partial external recirculation of exhaust gases (EGR). In a previous study, the authors presented a model-based thermodynamic analysis of an industrial gas turbine featuring EGR. The next step was to answer the question of whether the thermodynamically negative impact of EGR (i.e. lower thermal efficiency) is justified by positive effects, such as reduced NOx emissions or a more controllable combustion of hydrogen. By means of a simple 1-D flame approach, the present study provides further insight into the flame behaviour and stability limits during a fuel switch from natural gas to hydrogen. In a following step, the same approach is used to investigate the flame behaviour in an EGR environment at two recirculation temperatures. The results show that if a hydrogen-fired, diffusion-type combustor is combined with sufficiently high EGR ratios, NOx emissions are potentially in the order of a state-of-the-art diffusion-type combustor fired with natural gas. In addition, based on the calculated laminar flame speeds and extinction strain rates, the higher reactivity of hydrogen could potentially be controlled by employing EGR. However, relevant literature suggests that stronger dilution might be required to compensate for the additional impact of turbulence-chemistry interaction in real application which could lead to flame stabilization issues and higher NOx emissions. Moreover, considering the industry efforts to develop hydrogen-capable premixed-type combustors, the results show that EGR has no significantly positive influence on the reactivity of a premixed pure hydrogen flame. The question regarding the preferred EGR temperature is addressed but cannot be answered conclusively.

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Vesely, Ladislav, Vaclav Dostal, Jayanta Kapat, Subith Vasu und Scott Martin. „Techno-Economic Evaluation of the Effect of Impurities on the Performance of Supercritical CO2 Cycles“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90704.

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Abstract The development of new power generation technologies are necessary to meet growing energy demands and emission requirements. The supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) cycle is one such technology; it has relatively high efficiency, potential to enable 100% carbon capture, and compact components. The S-CO2 cycle is adaptable to almost all of the existing power producing methods including fossil, solar, and nuclear technologies. However, it is known that the best combination of the operating conditions, equipment, working fluid and cycle layout determine the maximum achievable efficiency of a cycle. Impurities in the cycle have some effect on the S-CO2 power cycle as presented in our previous work. The effect of impurities is positive or negative and affects all components. The effect of mixture compositions on the techno-economic evaluation is important information for the global understanding of the effect of mixtures on the S-CO2 power cycle. This paper focuses on the techno-economic evaluation of a hypothetical power plant with the S-CO2 power cycle. Two cases are considered for techno-economic evaluation. The difference between these cases is in the heat source and the associated heat exchanger (PCHE and shell and tube heat exchanger). Cost estimation was performed for three indicators (the levelized cost of electricity, the internal rate of return, and the net present value), which are important for economic viability and the rate of return of the project.

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Ugrekhelidze, A. T. „THE GREENING OF BUILDINGS“. In INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itno.2020.363-365.

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This article discusses the problem of irrational use of energy, the release of a large amount of harmful emissions. There are also examples of possible solutions to this problem through the use of environmentally sound technologies and other examples of possible ways out of the situation with the extremely negative impact of the construction of buildings and structures on the ecology of the whole world.

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Khursheed, Aaiysha, George Simons, Brad Souza und Jennifer Barnes. „Quantification of Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions From California Self-Generation Incentive Program Projects“. In ASME 2007 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2007-22109.

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Over the past few decades, interest in the effects of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on global climate change has peaked. Increasing temperatures worldwide have been blamed for numerous negative impacts on agriculture, weather, forestry, marine ecosystems, and human health. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reports that the primary GHG emitted in the U.S. is carbon dioxide (CO2), most of which stems from fossil fuel combustion [1]. In fact, CO2 represents approximately 85% of all GHG emissions nationwide. The other primary GHGs include nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), ozone (O3), and fluorinated gases. Since the energy sector is responsible for a majority of the GHGs released into the atmosphere, policies that address their mitigation through the production of electricity using renewable fuels and distributed generation are of significant interest. Use of renewable fuels and clean technologies to meet energy demand instead of relying on traditional electrical grid systems is expected to result in fewer CO2 and CH4 emissions, hence reducing global climate change impacts. Technologies considered cleaner include photovoltaics, wind turbines, and combined heat and power (CHP) devices using microturbines or internal combustion engines. The Self-Generation Incentive Program (SGIP) in California [2] provides incentives for the installation of these technologies under certain circumstances. This paper assesses the GHG emission impacts from California’s SGIP during the 2005 program year by estimating the reductions in CO2 and CH4 released when SGIP projects are in operation. Our analysis focuses on these emissions since these are the two GHGs characteristic of SGIP projects. Results of this analysis show that emissions of GHGs are reduced due to the SGIP. This is because projects operating under this program reduce reliance on electricity generated by conventional power plants and encourage the use of renewable fuels, such as captured waste heat and methane.

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Korytnyi, Efim, Boris Chudnovsky, Miron Perelman, Roman Saveliev, Alexander Talanker und Ezra Bar-Ziv. „Sub-Bituminous Coals Fired in Boiler Designed for Bituminous Coals“. In ASME 2008 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2008-60041.

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In the last two decades there has been little capacity added to coal-based power plants. However, much of the existing plants had to comply with the Clean Air Act amendments. Using sub-bituminous coals has become an important solution for emissions compliance due to their unique constituents and combustion characteristics; these coals are often referred to as enviro coals. The considerable advantages of these coals, like Melawan, Adaro or PRB coals, is their low sulfur compared to typical bituminous coals, which makes its burning more economic as scrubbers or other SO2 reduction technologies are not required. Low nitrogen and ash content as well as their high volatile matter are other advantages of these coals. Hence, firing sub-bituminous coals alone or as blends with bituminous coals is deemed economically attractive. Power generation plants were originally designed to operate on a particular bituminous coal. In order to fire sub-bituminous coals or their blends some modifications are required in the firing modes. These modifications may affect boiler reliability and as result to reduction of the power plant availability and hence increasing operation and maintenance cost. In order to prevent such undesirable effects we initiated a study to understand the influence of using sub-bituminous coals on the capacity, limitations of furnace size, heat transfer surfaces, firing systems, pulverizers, fans and airheaters. The present paper discusses issues connected with each of these issues on the combustion system. We also present recommendations for reliable burning of various sub-bituminous coals and their blends in a 575 MW tangentially-fired boiler. For example, we found that firing Indonesian sub-bituminous coals (Adaro and Melawan) considerably reduced NOx (30% reduction) and SOx (reduced to 200 mg/dNm3@6%O2) emissions without post combustion measures. We also tested various blends of sub-bituminous coals with bituminous coals and found positive and negative synergism in these blends with regard to NOx emissions. We used in the present study a series of experiments in a test facility and computational fluid dynamic codes.

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Ayre, Louise S., Derek R. Johnson, Nigel N. Clark, Jason A. England, Richard J. Atkinson, David L. McKain, Bradley A. Ralston, Thomas H. Balon und Paul J. Moynihan. „Novel NOx Emission Reduction Technology for Diesel Marine Engines“. In ASME 2011 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2011-60182.

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Emissions from diesel marine engines are significant contributors to the emissions inventories of commercial ports. Prior to 1998, these emissions were unregulated and current EPA regulations apply predominantly to new engines. Considering that the useful life of marine engines in work vessels, such as tugboats, may be 20 years or longer, retrofit emission reduction technologies are needed for these legacy engines. Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) have negative health and environmental impacts and are difficult to reduce substantially without aftertreatment. A scrubber system for NOx reduction was proposed; the presented research focuses on the verification of operating principles and the quantification of possible NOx reduction from this system. Major elements of the proposed scrubber system are exhaust heat exchangers, a catalyzed particulate filter (CPF), a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), and a packed bed wet scrubber. The system works on the principle of absorption of NOx species into water. The majority of engine-out NOx is in the form of nitric oxide (NO) which is relatively insoluble in water. A CPF and a DOC are utilized to convert up to 80% of the NO into nitrogen dioxide, NO2. NO2 and NO exist in equilibrium with N2O3 and N2O4, species of NOx that are highly soluble in water. The use of a CPF and DOC also reduces carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter, reducing possible scrubber contamination. The scrubber liquor operates on a closed loop with zero discharge, its final composition is weak nitric acid; a byproduct of capturing the NOx. Research to support this design was conducted on a Mack E7 298 kW, 12 liter engine operating over 8 steady state points. Modal NOx absorption ranged from 4–66%. Cycle average NOx absorption ranged from 15–58%. It was concluded that NOx absorption varies with gas residence time, absorption surface area, temperature, and NOx concentration. Separately, a system was constructed and operated to convert the stored concentrated NOx into diatomic nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water.

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Zholbaryssov, Madi, und Azeem Sarwar. „Stator Diagnosis in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM)“. In ASME 2019 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2019-6423.

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Abstract GM has a vision of future with zero crashes, zero emissions, and zero congestion. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors will be integral part of an all-electric future, due to their excellent power to mass ratio and smaller size, which promises to deliver the zero emission world. Making sure that these motors do not fail abruptly without warning, will also reduce congestion caused on the roads by such incidents. Stator winding health monitoring presented in this article allows to detect a fault at its early stage, which greatly increases the chances of the customer being able to repair electric drive system before it completely fails. We present approach for detecting shorted turn faults in stator winding of permanent magnet synchronous motor. The approach is based on monitoring negative sequence admittance for certain operating conditions. Timely fault detection also allows to take preventive action to limit damage propagation across the electric drive, thus, reducing repair and warranty costs. The research presented in this article also furthers GM’s strategic initiative to develop Vehicle Health Management (VHM) technologies that positively impact customer ownership experiences and drive their long-term loyalty to GM brands.

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Heshmat, Hooshang. „Innovation is the Key to Sustaining Sustainability“. In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37432.

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Economic survival and sustainability in the increasingly interconnected global community during the 21st century and beyond will require new and innovative technologies supported by subsequent continuous product improvements that minimize the negative impact to the earth’s environment, resources and inhabitants. In the past several years, worldwide consumption of energy, through consumer products, industrial processes and transportation systems, has increased rapidly and has even given a whiff or glimpse of things to come in the not too distant future. As scarce resources become reality and global climate change accelerates, technological innovation must occur at a pace never before seen if we are to extend a new and sustainable lifestyle to more of the world’s inhabitants while also protecting our environment. Sustaining sustainability (i.e., the cycle of continually improving and introducing environmentally conscientious products) will require that we radically alter our myriad of energy consuming and producing systems through technological innovation. While every branch of engineering has its own impact on and contribution to the environment, it is in the energy consuming and producing technologies that considerable effort is needed. This paper will present several innovative oil-free systems designed to minimize deleterious emissions to the environment through higher system efficiencies and elimination of hydrocarbon lubricants. The discussion will also identify possible directions to foster innovation.

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Storm, Stephen K., Danny Storm, Adam C. McClellan, R. F. Storm und Jim Mulligan. „Achieving Simultaneous NOx and Combustion Improvements on a 90MW T-Fired Unit by Applying the Fundamentals“. In ASME 2006 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2006-88157.

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Storm Technologies in cooperation with AES Westover Station implemented a total combustion optimization system approach, including a fan boosted over-fire air system on Unit 13 to reduce the emissions of NOx while also improving and/or maintaining acceptable Carbon in Ash content levels on a daily basis. Implementation of this total airflow & pulverizer performance utilized a fundamental and proven approach to performance optimization and the system has been installed now for over two years and continues to be successful. The results of this systems modifications was up to 60% NOx reduction and payback in months by reducing the need for NOx credits and simultaneously improving unit performance, reliability and fuels flexibility. All of the goals of this program were accomplished and the technical success of this project is once again the results of applying a systematic and comprehensive approach addressing fundamental opportunities for improvement. The benefit of this total combustion optimization project was not only NOx reductions, but also reliability and “fuels flexibility”. Furthermore, foresight in this system was the ability to improve boiler efficiency, heat rate and reduce rates of ammonia when and/or if SCR or SNCR is installed. Since the installation of the FBOFA System it should be noted that AES Westover has been able to consistently attain between .25–.30 lbs/mmBtu NOx and single digit carbon in ash levels with no negative effects of the system installed. The goals of this project were as follows: 1. NOx Reduction from >.54lb/mmBtu (full load) – to ≤ 0.32 lb/mmBtu; 2. Flyash Carbon Content less than 10%; 3. Minimal slagging; 4. Operations with a minimum of 2% Oxygen to maintain a “slag friendly” furnace without exceeding the NOx limits; 5. Maximum Load Capability; 6. Maximum Fuel Flexibility; 7. Total Combustion Optimization & Performance Preservation.

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