Dissertationen: „NDDs“

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Carlström, Moa, und Vilija Kuusela. „Skolsköterskans hälsofrämjande arbete för elever med neuropsykiatriska funktionsnedsättningar : En kvalitativ intervjustudie“. Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20052.

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Bakgrund: Elever med neuropsykiatriska funktionsnedsättningar (NPF) är i behov av stöd då de är extra känsliga för krav och press i skolan. Skolsköterskans primära uppgift är att stärka elevens välbefinnande genom att vara närvarande, lyssna och att vara delaktig i samtal. Skolsköterskan har, tillsammans med elevhälsan, till uppgift att arbeta hälsofrämjande för att bidra till att eleven lyckas i skolan. Skolsköterskorna som träffar eleverna under hälsobesök och korta spontana besök utför ett betydelsefullt arbete för att skapa tillit och förtroende hos eleven. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva skolsköterskans erfarenhet av hälsofrämjande insatser bland elever med NPF. Metod: Kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats användes i studien. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med 10 skolsköterskor. Intervjuerna analyserades i enlighet med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Vid analysen identifierades två kategorier: Stödjande insatser och Samarbete. Stödjande insatser inkluderar att skapa en relation via samtal och möten samt skolmiljöanpassningar. Samarbete inbegriper samverkan med andra professioner samt delaktighet med vårdnadshavare och elev. Slutsats: Ett hälsofrämjande arbete uppnås genom samverkan inom elevhälsoteamet, skolsköterskans samarbete med vårdnadshavare samt genom att göra barnen med NPF delaktiga. Dessutom bidrar skolsköterskans lyhördhet till att stärka elevernas självkänsla.
Background: Students with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) need support since they are extra vulnerable for pressure and demands from school. The school nurse's primary task is to strengthen the student’s well-being by being present, listening and being involved in conversations. The school nurse, together with the student health, has the task to work with health promotion to contribute to the student’s success in school. School nurses who meet students during health visits and short spontaneous visits performs an important work to create a trustful and confident relationships. Aim: The aim was to describe the school nurse's experience of health promotion efforts among students with NDDs. Method: The study is based on a qualitative method with an inductive approach. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews of ten school-nurses. The analysis was performed with a qualitative content analysis. Results: In the analyze, two categories emerged: Supporting initiatives and Collaboration. Supporting initiatives includes create relationship through interactions and dialogue as well as adapting the school environment. Collaboration involves cross functional cooperation as well as involvement of parents and students. Conclusion: Health promotion is achieved through cooperation within the student health team, involving parents and by making the student with NDDs a part of the process. Moreover, does the school nurse recognition contribute to strengthen the students’ self-esteem.

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Silva, Paulo Marcelo de Avellar. „Estudo da aplicação de naftaleno-diimidas para o desenvolvimento de sensores e dispositivos: eletroquimica de eletrodos modificados de carbono vítreo e compósitos com nanotubos de carbono“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46132/tde-24082007-081716/.

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Foram sintetizadas quatro naftaleno-diimidas (NDIs) funcionalizadas com grupos N-alquil-amino e N-alquil-hidroxi. Essas espécies foram caracterizadas pelos métodos espectrométricos convencionais. As propriedades eletroquímicas destas NDIs foram estudadas por voltametria cíclica em acetonitrila e N-metil-pirrolidona. Os voltamogramas obtidos mostram dois processos redox reversíveis com E1/2 ao redor de -970 mV e de -1400 mV (vs fc/Fc+). Estes resultados são consistentes com trabalhos previamente reportados. Algumas das NDIs exibiram grande afinidade por superfícies de carbono vítreo anodizado, adsorvendo irreversivelmente. Esta propriedade foi explorada na obtenção de eletrodos modificados. As propriedades eletroquímicas de eletrodos de carbono vítreo modificados por adsorção das NDIs foram investigadas por voltametria cíclica (VC) e cronoamperometria de degrau de potencial (CADP). Os voltamogramas são caracterizados pela presença de um único processo redox reversível, com E1/2 na faixa de -360 mV a -385 mV (vs Ag/AgCl). Os transientes de CADP forneceram estimativas para as constantes de velocidade k para as reações de transferência de elétrons na superfície dos eletrodos. Foram observados desvios em relação à cinética de primeira ordem, atribuídos ao caráter micro-heterogêneo da superfície. O modelo de Albery, que considera a dispersão dos valores de k, foi aplicado e comparado com dados obtidos por ajuste de funções exponenciais. Foram também preparados compósitos à base de NDIs e nanotubos de carbono de parede simples (NTCPS) sobre eletrodos de ouro. A resposta voltamétrica dos compósitos NDI/NTCPS é caracterizada pela presença de um processo redox reversível na faixa de -336 mV a -349 mV (vs Ag/AgCl). A cinética de transferência de elétrons nestes eletrodos modificados foi estudada por metodologia análoga à descrita anteriormente. Os resultados sugerem que os eletrodos estudados podem encontrar aplicação no desenvolvimento de sensores químicos, dispositivos eletroquímicos e em eletrocatálise.
Four naphthalene-diimides (NDIs) were synthesized functionalyzed with N- alkyl-amino and N-alkyl-hydroxi groups. These NDIs were characterized by conventional spectrometric methods. The electrochemical properties of NDIs were studied through cyclic voltametry in acetonitrile and N-metyl-pyrrolidone. Typical voltammograms present two reversible redox processes with E1/2 around -970 mV and -1400 mV (vs Fc/Fc+ ). These results are consistent with previous reported works. Some NDIs showed a strong affinity to anodized glassy carbon surfaces, with irreversible adsorption. This property was used to obtain new modified glassy carbon electrodes. The electrochemical properties of glassy carbon electrodes modified by adsorption of the NDIs were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and potential step chronoamperometry (PSCA). The voltammograms are characterized by the presence of a single reversible redox process, with E1/2 around -360 mV to -385 mV (vs Ag/AgCl). The PSCA transients offered estimates for the k rate constants for the electron transfer reactions on the electrode surfaces. Deviations with respect to the first order kinetics were observed and considered due to the micro-heterogeneity of the surface. Albery´s model, wich takes into account the dispersion in k values, was applied and results compared with those obtained by exponential functions fitting. Composites based on NDIs and single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) were also prepared on gold electrodes. The voltammetric response from NDI/SWNT composites is characterized by the presence of reversible redox process in the range from -336 mV to -349 mV (vs Ag/AgCl). The kinetics of the electron transfers on those modified electrodes was studied using a methodology similar to the one previously described. The results suggest that these modified electrodes may find application in the development of chemical sensors, electrochemical devices and in electrocatalysis.

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Scholten, Mirjam. „Semiempirische Verfahren mit Orthogonalisierungskorrekturen: die OM3-Methode“. [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967348765.

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Bouet, Jean-Yves. „Caractérisation du gène ndd du bactériophage T4. Etude de l'effet de la protéine NDD sur le nucléoi͏̈de bactérien“. Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30139.

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Chez la bacterie escherichia coli, l'adn genomique est constitue d'une molecule circulaire de 4,6 10#6 paires de bases. Cette molecule d'adn doit etre organise pour permettre a la fois sa condensation dans la cellule et les activites transcriptionnelles et replicatives continuelles caracteristiques des procaryotes. Cependant l'organisation generale des chromosomes bacteriens est encore largement enigmatique. Les travaux presentes dans ce memoire s'inscrivent dans le cadre de l'analyse a grande echelle du nucleoide bacterien. Nous nous sommes interesse a l'etude d'un phenomene physiologique induit par le bacteriophage t4, la disruption nucleaire. En effet, en quelques minutes, le produit du gene phagique ndd est capable de detruire completement l'organisation du nucleoide. La proteine ndd pourrait donc etre un moyen d'investigation de la structure et de l'organisation du chromosome bacterien. L'introduction generale presente les donnees acquises concernant la structure et l'organisation du chromosome bacterien. Les principaux resultats obtenus au cours de ce travail sont publies. Le premier article (gene, 1994) concerne l'identification du gene ndd et sa conservation importante parmi l'ensemble de la famille des bacteriophages t-pairs. Le second article (mol. Microbiol. , 1996) presente les effets physiologiques de l'expression du gene ndd clone. Les resultats obtenus ont permis de montrer que la proteine ndd est, a elle seule, capable de provoquer le phenomene de disruption nucleaire. Cette desorganisation complete du nucleoide, accompagnee d'une importante letalite des cellules, est realise sans la moindre destruction de l'adn chromosomique. L'ensemble des resultats est consistant avec une alteration specifique d'elements structuraux du nucleoide provoquee par la proteine ndd. D'autre part, l'etude de la proteine ndd thermosensible a permis de montrer qu'elle possede, in vitro, une activite de liaison a l'adn double brin. Les donnees presentees dans ce memoire sont discutees dans le dernier chapitre. Elles confirment amplement notre hypothese d'utiliser ndd comme moyen d'investigation de la structure du chromosome bacterien

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Diksha, Khadka Pramote Prasartkul. „Abortion complications among women of reproductive age in Nepal : evidence from NDHS 2006 /“. Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd419/5037965.pdf.

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Faklaris, Orestis. „Photoluminescent diamond nanoparticles as labels in cells : study of their optical properties and investigation of their cellular uptake mechanism“. Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439561/fr/.

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Ce travail de thèse porte sur l'utilisation des NanoDiamants Photoluminescents (NDPs) pour des applications en bio-imagerie. Les nanodiamants (NDs) sont photoluminescents grâce à la présence de centres colorés azote-lacune (NV) dans leur maille cristalline. Le manuscrit est divisé en deux parties. La première concerne l'étude des propriétés optiques des centres colorés NV dans des NDs. Après l'optimisation de la concentration des centres NV, nous comparons la photoluminescence des NDPs à celle des nanoparticules semi-conductrices commerciales; nous concluons qu'elle peut être équivalente, même supérieure dans le cas des NDPs. Pour augmenter le contraste d'imagerie intracellulaire des NDPs, nous avons étudié l'excitation à 2-photons des centres NV. Lors de cette étude avec un laser impulsionnel, nous avons découvert que le signal de photoluminescence des NDPs excité à un photon chute très fortement lorsque l'impulsion infrarouge est simultanée de l'excitation visible. Nous avons étudié la façon d'utiliser cet effet pour l'imagerie de super-resolution. La deuxième partie porte sur l'étude des applications des NDPs comme sondes pour la bio-imagerie. Dans le but d'utiliser des NDPs comme véhicules de biomolécules, nous avons étudié leurs mécanismes d'internalisation et avons élucidé leur localisation intracellulaire, en inhibant des voies différentes d'internalisation et par des expériences d'immunofluorescence. De plus, nous avons montré que les NDPs ne sont pas toxiques pour des cellules en culture. Un premier essai de vectorisation a été mené avec de NDPs couverts d'ADN plasmidique
This thesis work studies the use of Photoluminescent NanoDiamonds (PNDs) for bio-imaging applications. Nanodiamonds are photoluminescent thanks to embedded nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers. The thesis is divided in two parts. The first part concerns the study of the optical properties of NV color centers in nanodiamonds. After optimization of the NV center concentration, we compared the photoluminescence of PNDs to commercial Quantum Dots (QDs) and conclude that it can be similar or even higher in the case of PNDs. To enhance the imaging contrast of internalized by cells PNDs, we studied the 2-photon excitation properties of NV centers. While implementing a pulsed excitation laser, we discovered that simultaneous one- and two-photon excitation (IR+VIS pulses) quenches the photoluminescence signal of PNDs. We examined how this effect can serve for super-resolution imaging of NV color centers in nanodiamonds. The second part of the work is devoted to the applications of PNDs as bio-imaging probes. In the prospect of applications of PNDs as drug delivery vehicles, we studied the uptake mechanisms of PNDs and elucidated their intracellular localization by blocking different entry mechanisms and by immunofluorescence experiments. Moreover, we ensured that PNDs are not toxic for cells in culture. As a first try of vectorization we covered PNDs with plasmid DNA and examined the transfection efficiency

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Baravalle, Michele. „Nationally Determined Parameters of Eurocode 2 : A Comparison among Seven European Countries“. Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-41017.

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Since the main ambition of the European community is to create a Single Market among the European countries, a unified set of structural design codes recently became mandatory to use. These standards, the Eurocodes, contain Nationally Determined Parameters (NDPs) that have to be fixed by the National Standard Bodies in the various countries. The investigation of the adopted values for Eurocode 2 in seven European States has been carried out i this thesis for quantifying the differences that arise from the selected values of these parameters. The aim of this investigation was to find out which countries are advantaged or disadvantaged by the choice of the value of these parameters. The analysis has been limited to the Part 1-1 of Eurocode 2 that concerns “General Rules for Buildings” and the most important parts of Eurocode 0 and 1. The investigated countries were Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Even if these countries represent only seven out of 27 EU States, this comparison gives a good view of the European situations since they cover nearly half of the continental concrete consumption. The analysis includes a theoretical comparison of the national choices of all the 170 national parameters as well as their influence on the more important formulas contained in the Code. Five practical case studies concerning the design and the verification of some structural elements have been carried out in order to study the differences in real and common design situations. Through all the work, the different choices have been compared to the recommended values proposed by the Eurocode that have been used as a mean of comparison. Due to the large number of parameters and the complexity of the problem it has not been possible to estimate and quantify general trends of differences for the countries although Finland, France, Italy and the United Kingdom have been found to have, in general, more disadvantageous choices than the other States. Moreover, Denmark and Germany show variable trends (both above and below the recommended values) while Sweden is always close to the recommended values. The results that have been found show that still a lot of work and research has to be done in order to achieve an even set of structural standards for the design of concrete structures. A list of more important national parameters has been presented as well as a proposal to convert some national parameters to fixed ones. The analysis and the results that have been obtained give details and indications about the future works that need to be done for decreasing the differences among the European countries.

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Wang-Heaton, Hui. „A novel role of human DNA damage checkpoint protein ATR in suppressing Ca2+ overload-induced PARP1-mediated necrosis“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3171.

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Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) is well known for its regulatory role in DNA damage responses (DDR) as a checkpoint kinase that phosphorylates hundreds of protein substrates. However, its role in cellular non-DNA damage stress responses (NDDR) is unknown. Necrosis is one form of cell death and traditionally has been regarded as a passive and uncontrolled cell death. Recently, evidence has emerged to support the concept that necrosis also may occur in a programmed manner and that PARP1 can be a mediator. Active poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) hydrolyzes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to produce poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymers on target proteins or itself. As a result, hyper-activity of PARP1 may lead to necrosis by excessively depleting ATP pool which results in mitochondrial energetic collapse. On the other hand, it is known that Ca2+ overload induces necrosis, but much still remains unknown about how Ca2+ overload-induced necrosis is regulated in cells. In this study, we show that ATR, besides its hallmark regulatory role in DDR, also plays a role in NDDR by suppressing ionomycin-induced necrosis. Ionomycin as a Ca2+ ionophore can dramatically raise the intracellular level of Ca2+, leading to necrosis. We found that this Ca2+ overload-induced necrosis occurs without inducing DDR in cells. Instead, the hyper-poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) activity of activated PARP1 could be a reason leading to necrosis, as NAD+ supplied to media can rescue ionomycin-induced necrosis. In vitro PARylation assay also demonstrates that PARP1 hyper-activation is Ca2+ dependent. In cells, ATR-PARP1 interaction happened after ionomycin treatment. Furthermore, ionomycin treatment induces more full-length PAR polymers formed in ATR-deficient cells than in ATR-proficient cells. The interaction of kinase-dead ATR and PARP1 dramatically decreased as compared to wild-type ATR. Therefore, ATR plays a novel role in NDDR wherein it is able to suppress Ca2+ overload-induced PARP1-mediated necrosis. Ca2+ overload-induced cell death is a major cause of many human medical conditions and diseases, such as brain injury, stroke and ischemia et al. Our ongoing studies will help to define the molecular mechanisms of the anti-necrosis activities of ATR, which may support ATR as a new clinical target for therapeutic treatment of those diseases.

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Hervé, Nicolas. „Fluage d'aciers renforcés par dispersion nanométrique : caractérisation, modélisation et optimisation de la microstructure“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI008/document.

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Dans le cadre du programme de recherche sur les matériaux de gainage pour les réacteurs à neutrons rapides au sodium, les aciers renforcés par dispersion d’oxydes (ODS) sont envisagés pour leur excellente résistance à l’irradiation et leur tenue mécanique à haute température. Néanmoins, des difficultés sont rencontrées quant à la maitrise de leur élaboration et de leur mise en forme, ainsi que sur la prédiction de leur comportement en fluage. Les travaux présentés visent à améliorer la compréhension des mécanismes de fluage d’aciers ferritiques renforcés par dispersion et à étudier les voies d’amélioration possible.Dans un premier temps, le fluage d’aciers ferritiques renforcés par dispersion obtenus par cobroyage et extrusion à été étudié grâce à deux aciers ODS à 14pd.% Cr et 18pd.%Cr, ainsi qu’un acier 18pd.%Cr renforcé par dispersion de nitrures (NDS). Une caractérisation mécanique et microstructurale (SEM – EBSD – EDX et STEM) d’éprouvettes sollicitées en fluage à respectivement 650°C et 800°C est réalisée les aciers ODS Fe18Cr et Fe14Cr. La faible déformation et la rupture brutale classiquement observée sur ce type d’acier est mise en évidence. La diminution continue de leur vitesse de déformation et l’absence d’évolutions microstructurales indiquent que le fluage se produit essentiellement dans le stade primaire. L’acier ferritique NDS a ensuite été étudié. Un phénomène de déformation superplastique (plus de 110%) a été mis en évidence à 650°C en traction entre 10-3 s-1 et 10-2 s-1, ainsi qu’une recristallisation dynamique continue au dessus de 10-2 s-1. En fluage à 650°C, l’acier NDS présente une faible déformation (moins de 1%) et une rupture brutale : il s’agit donc d’un comportement générique des aciers ferritiques renforcés par dispersion, indépendamment du type de précipité. La déformation se produisant lors du stade primaire du fluage, le comportement de ces aciers ODS et NDS a été modélisé en se basant sur l’approche de Kocks et Mecking, fondée sur l’activation thermique du glissement après franchissement des précipités par montée ou glissement dévié. Ce modèle fournit une origine physique à la contrainte seuil observée lors du fluage des aciers ODS. La déformation en fluage des deux ODS et de l’acier NDS a été simulée à partir de coefficients déterminés expérimentalement et de paramètres optimisés. Les lois de Norton, les densités de dislocation et les limites élastiques simulées sont cohérentes avec les valeurs obtenues par les essais de fluage, de traction et des mesures (STEM – EFTEM) de la densité de dislocations. Une investigation des causes de rupture brutale en fluage a ensuite été menée sur l’ODS 14pd.%Cr : grâce à un essai de fluage interrompu à 800°C alterné avec des recuits à 1050°C, la rupture brutale a été retardée et une déformation de 1.5% a été atteinte. Un suivi de l’endommagement par tomographie X et un essai de fluage après vieillissement semblent éliminer l’endommagement macroscopique et la phase σ comme cause de la rupture brutale. Un scénario basé sur une déformation critique a été proposé. Pour finir, les difficultés liées à la mise en forme des ODS ferritiques ont conduit à concevoir une nouvelle nuance ODS martensitique à 11pd.% Cr et à évaluer un nouveau procédé d’atomisation de poudres (GARS). Il apparait que la compaction directe après atomisation par la voie alternative n’améliore pas les performances de ces aciers. En revanche, après broyage, la nouvelle composition présente un potentiel intéressant en traction et en fluage à 650°C
Within the French research program for Sodium Fast Reactor (SFR) core material, oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels are considered for their resistance to irradiation swelling and their good creep properties at high temperature. Their elaboration, their processing and their creep mechanism still represent challenges for material science. The aim of this work is to improve the understanding of the creep mechanisms and to investigate new fabrication route to improve these materials.First, the creep of dispersion strengthened ferritic steels produced by mechanical alloying and extrusion is studied, based on two ODS steels with 14wt.%Cr and 18wt.%Cr, and a nitride dispersion strengthened (NDS) steel with 18wt.%Cr. A microstructural (SEM-EBSD-STEM) characterization has been carried out on the two ferritic ODS steels loaded at 650°C and 800°C: a low creep strain (<0.5%) and a brutal fracture are observed. The continuous decrease of the creep rate without any microstructural change indicates a late primary stage. Then the tensile and creep behaviors of the NDS ferritic steel have been studied: a superplastic deformation, up to 110%, has been evidenced at 650°C between 10-3 s-1 and 10-2 s-1, as well as a continuous dynamic recrystallization at strain rate higher than 10-2 s-1. However, during creep tests at 650°C, the NDS steel presents the same characteristics as the ODS steels: low creep strain and brutal fracture. This behavior seems to be generic for dispersion strengthened ferritic steels obtained by mechanical alloying, regardless the type of precipitate. As the deformation occurs during the primary stage, a Kocks and Mecking model has been developed based on the thermal activation of the dislocation glide after crossing the precipitate by climb or cross-slip. This model provides a physical explanation for the threshold stress observed during the creep of ODS steels. The creep strain of the two ODS steels and the NDS steel has been simulated with experimentally determined coefficients and fitted parameters. The simulated Norton laws, dislocation density and yield stress are consistent with experimental data obtained respectively by the creep tests, by dislocation density determination (STEM-EFTEM) and tensile tests. An investigation of the creep fracture mechanisms has been performed. The creep fracture was delayed using high temperature heat treatments at 1050°C between interrupted creep tests at 800°C on the Fe14Cr ODS steel and a total elongation of 1.5% has been reached by this means. By analyzing X-ray tomography and creep test after ageing treatment, it appears that the macroscopic elongated cavities and sigma phase are not likely to explain the brutal fracture, therefore a scenario based on a critical deformation is proposed. Finally, the processing difficulties of the ferritic ODS steel lead to the design of a new martensitic 11wt. % Cr ODS steel and the evaluation of a new atomization process (GARS). This new atomization process did not improve the mechanical properties of these steels. However, after milling, encouraging results are observed since the first mechanical and microstructural characterizations displayed good tensile and creep properties

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Silva, Marina Victoretti. „Remoção de nitrogênio via Nitrificação e Desnitrificação Simultânea (NDS) em Biorreatores com Membranas Submersas (BRMS)“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2016.

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Orientadora: Prof.ª Dra Luisa Helena dos Santos Oliveira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, 2016.
Biorreatores com Membranas Submersas (BRMS) são, atualmente, reconhecidos como opção viável para o tratamento de esgotos sanitários e o reúso de águas. Apesar disso, a tecnologia é geralmente vista como de alto investimento quando comparado a sistemas convencionais de tratamento de esgoto, sobretudo pelo maior gasto energético com aeração do sistema. Porém, BRMS quando operados sob condições específicas para nitrificação e desnitrificação simultâneas (NDS), é possível obter um efluente de elevada qualidade com menor custo, devido a menor necessidade de aeração. Nesse sentido, a operação do sistema de BRMS com o processo de NDS pode aumentar a utilização desta tecnologia no tratamento de esgoto sanitário. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve por objetivo principal avaliar a remoção de nitrogênio via NDS em diferentes concentrações de oxigênio dissolvido (OD) em uma unidade piloto de um Biorreator de Membranas Submersas tratando esgoto sanitário. Para isso, o experimento foi dividido em três Fases de acordo com a concentração de oxigênio dissolvido no licor misto: Fase I (2,3 mgO2/L), Fase II (0,8 mgO2/L e Fase III (0,3 mgO2/L). Foram alcançadas elevadas eficiências de remoção de material orgânico, independente das variações na concentração de OD, DBO5 com valores médios de 98%, 97% e 98% e DQO de 95%, 96% e 95% para as Fases I, II e III, respectivamente. A remoção média de nitrogênio total obtida foi 33% na Fase I, 60% na Fase II e 50% na Fase III. Onde a remoção via NDS foi responsável por 60%, 78% e 74% do total removido para as Fases I, II e III, respectivamente. A remoção de nitrogênio amoniacal não foi limitada devido as baixas concentrações de OD e houve acúmulo de NO2-. O sistema operou sob baixos valores de pressão transmembrana durante todo o período, porém foi encontrada diferença significativa nos valores da Fase III em relação às Fases I e II. Houve uma redução significativa na permeabilidade da membrana quando a concentração de OD no licor misto foi reduzida para 0,3 mg/L, porém sem efeito significativo quando a concentração de OD foi de 0,8 mg/L. Foram observados maiores valores de SPE ligado na Fase III em relação às demais, principalmente na fração de carboidratos que pode estar diretamente ligada a taxa de fouling. Foi possível alcançar remoção de NT em OD de 0,8 mg/L (Fase II) sem causar um impacto negativo no desempenho das membranas, sendo esta fase a mais adequada para a ocorrência do processo de NDS em BRMS.
Submerged Membrane Bioreactors (SMBR) are actually, recognized as viable option for wastewater treatment and reuse. Nevertheless, this technology is generally viewed as a high investment compared to conventional sewage treatment systems, especially for greater energy requirement for aeration system. However, SMBR when operated under specific conditions for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) it is possible to obtain a high quality effluent with lower compared to the conventional configuration because of less need for aeration. Therefore, the operation of the system SMBR with the NDS process can increase the utilization of this technology in the wastewater treatment. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the removal of nitrogen via SND under different dissolved oxygen concentrations (DO) in a pilot of a SMBR treating wastewater. For this, the experiment was divided into three phases according to the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the mixed liquor: Phase I (2,3 mgO2/L), Phase II (0,8 mgO2/L and Phase III (0,3 mgO2/L). Were achieved high organic matter removal efficiencies regardless of fluctuations in DO concentration in terms of BOD5 average values of 98%, 97% and 98% and COD average values of 95%, 96% and 95% for Phases I, II and III respectively. The average total nitrogen removal was 33% in Phase I, 60% in Phase II and Phase III 50%. Where the removal means SND is responsible for 60%, 78% and 74% of the total removed for Phases I, II and III respectively. The removal of ammoniacal nitrogen is not limited by the low DO concentrations and there was accumulation of NO2- in Phase III. The system operated under low transmembrane pressure values throughout the period, but significant difference was found in the values of Phase III in relation to phases I and II. There was a significant reduction in membrane permeability when the DO concentration in the mixed liquor was reduced to 0.3 mg/L, but without significant effect when the DO concentration was 0.8 mg/L. It was observed highest bound EPS values in Phase III in relation to the others, mainly in the fraction of carbohydrates that can be directly linked to fouling rate. Satisfactory NT removal was achieved when concentration DO was 0.8 mg/L (Phase II) without causing a negative impact on the performance of membranes, being this phase the most suitable for the occurrence of the SND process in SMBR.

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Kalokhtina, Olena. „Etude par Sonde Atomique Tomographique de la formation de nano-particules dans les aciers ODS et NDS“. Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00751814.

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Les aciers ferritiques-martensitiques (FeCr) renforcés par une dispersion fine et dense d'oxydes (acier ODS - Oxide Dispersion Strengthened) possèdent une bonne résistance à l'irradiation et des propriétés mécaniques élevées à haute température. Les aciers ODS sont ainsi de bons candidats comme matériaux des structures de cœur des réacteurs de Génération IV. Il est envisageable de renforcer ces aciers par des nitrures nanométriques plutôt que par des oxydes (aciers NDS - Nitride Dispersion Strengthened). Dans cette thèse, des aciers ODS et NDS élaborés au CEA Saclay par 2 procédés distincts (mécanosynthèse et nitruration) sont étudiés par sonde atomique tomographique et d'autres techniques complémentaires, à différentes étapes du procédé d'élaboration (brut de broyage/nitruration, après recuit, après consolidation). Dans les aciers ODS, il apparait que deux mécanismes se produisent pendant la mécanosynthèse : la dissolution de la poudre d'oxyde d'yttrium initiale et la formation d'amas riches en Y et O. Il n'a pas été possible de déterminer si ces amas résultent d'un phénomène de précipitation ou d'une dissolution incomplète de l'oxyde initial. Pendant les recuits et la consolidation, ces amas servent de germes à la formation de particules riches en Y, Ti et O. En ce qui concerne les aciers NDS, que la mécanosynthèse est un procédé efficace pour obtenir une fine et dense dispersion de nitrures. Ces nitrures germent pendant l'étape de broyage mécanique. La taille et la densité numérique de ces nano-renforts dans le matériau consolidé sont similaires à ce qui est généralement observé dans les aciers ODS. Concernant le procédé de nitruration, différents nitrures sont observés (CrN, TiN). Il apparait que la microstructure obtenue est très hétérogène et que le procédé doit être optimisé.

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Walpole, Caron. „The role of selected football projects in implementing sports programmes for young people living in deprived areas“. Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/23344.

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Social exclusion was a defining issue for the New Labour Government when it came to power in 1997. The collaboration between sport and welfare policymakers created a favourable environment for the development of new sports projects. This thesis provides an analysis of the role of selected football projects in delivering this type of sports-based programme for young people living in deprived areas. The three objectives of this research are firstly, to provide an analysis of the national policy context between 1997 to 2014, secondly, to review the literature on policy-making and policy implementation and to identify suitable frameworks and concepts to facilitate analysis and thirdly, to provide a longitudinal analysis of three selected football projects located in areas of deprivation. This study uses a mixed method approach comprising semi-structured interviews and documentary evidence. From this, three case studies were developed using a thematic approach and analysed using a combination of multiple streams and implementation theory. The study identifies the many similarities shared by all three projects at their inception, reflecting the political priorities for tackling social exclusion through sport which was reinforced by adopting a top-down approach to project implementation. However, national political priorities changed as the New Labour Government approached the end of its term in office, and two of the three projects struggled to adapt to these changes. Nevertheless, the third project, supported by its host agency, did adapt to the changes in the political stream and maintained its original commitment to using football to address social exclusion. The study concludes that the success of the third project to adapt can be attributed to the nature of the project s host agency with its own continued commitment to social exclusion, its focus on football, its ability to retain the original project staff, its strength in fostering partnerships and in securing project funding. These factors ensured that this third football project was able to deliver sports programmes to its young people living in an area of high deprivation whilst also fulfilling its social objectives.

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Klaes, Stefanie. „Selbsteintritt und kommunale Selbstverwaltung : [section] 102 Nds. SOG im länderübergreifenden Rechtsvergleich unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Haftungs- und Kostenfolgen /“. Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=017057116&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Jin, Shanlun. „Implementation and Analyses of the Mobile-IP Protocol : Under Windows“. Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-91690.

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This report is the result of a masters degree project conducted at the Department of Teleinformatics at the Royal Institute of Technology starting from the autumn 1996. The area investigated is the Mobile Internet Protocol, especially its implementation under Windows NT environment. Network driver writing under Windows NT was practised. Recent development in improving Mobile IP protocol to support micro-mobility have also been investigated.

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Wallace, Holly. „Near-death experiences, religion, and life after death“. [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000331.

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Joudieh, Nabil. „Théorie SCF-GIAO-NDDO du diamagnétisme moléculaire et modélisation des susceptibilités diamagnétiques moyennes et des déplacements chimiques de RMN dans le cadre de MOPAC“. Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES065.

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Les calculs SCF-GIAO de type Hartree-Fock couplés (CHF), permettent de porter le logiciel MOPAC, dans le domaine des susceptibilités (k) et des constantes d'écran nucléaire (s), à un niveau d'utilité comparable à celui qui est le sien pour les propriétés de l'état fondamental. Pour cela l'approximation NDDO ne doit pas être appliquée aux intégrales des tenseurs k et s et celles-ci doivent être modélisées en fonction des sites moléculaires, sans modifier les hamiltoniens de MOPAC. Après une partie introductive, les chapitres 4, 5 et 6 contiennent une contribution à la théorie SCF-GIAO des tenseurs k et s. Nous développons, en toute rigueur, une technique pour des perturbations SCF couplées simultanées pouvant modifier la base LCAO. Nous présentons une analyse complète des propriétés d'invariance du formalisme SCF-GIAO par rapport au choix du trièdre moléculaire ; puis nous détaillons les techniques de calcul de toutes les intégrales des tenseurs k et s, sur une base d'OA de type Slater. Dans le 7ème chapitre nous comparons les résultats bruts de MINDO/3, MNDO, AM1 et PM3. Pour H-1, C-13, N-15 et O-17, malgré des écarts élevés, il existe de bonnes corrélations entre constantes d'écran calculées et mesurées. Ce sont PM3 et MNDO qui possèdent les meilleures performances. Après deux premières tentatives de modélisation (MNDO/l et PM3/MI) le dixième chapitre présente la technique PM3/NL qui consiste à adapter, au moyen de la méthode de minimisation de Powell, la base 1s, 2s, 2p à la détermination des k et s. Nos calculs concernent 97 susceptibilités, 34 anisotropies et 883 constantes d'écran. Les écarts moyens absolus pour 160 H-1, 526 C-13, 104 N-15 et 93 O-17 sont respectivement égaux à 0,4 ; 1,9 ; 3,3 et 4,6 ppm. PM3/NL est donc directement utile pour les déplacements chimiques de RMN.

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Tuulse, Johanna. „Finding Corners : How can architecture help children concentrate better?“ Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-222026.

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Swedish legislation states that a school is required to make the necessary adjustments to include all children, regardless of circumstances or disabilities. However there are no clear guidelines as to how these adjustments should be carried out in the physical environment when it comes to cognitive disabilities such as ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder or Language Disorders. This thesis projects aims to design a school that takes the needs of these children into account, with the belief that this will, in the end, benefit all children, and help them succeed in school.
Svensk lagstiftning säger att skolan förväntas göra de anpassningar som är nödvändiga för att undervisningen skall inkludera alla barn, oavsett svårigheter eller funktionshinder. Det finns dock inga klara riktlinjer för hur dessa anpassningar skall göras i den fysiska miljön när det gäller kognitiva funktionshinder som ADHD, Autismspektrum eller språkstörningar mm. Detta exjobb syftar till att formge en skola som anpassar sig till dessa barn, med utgångspunkten att detta i slutändan kan gagna alla barn, och hjälpa dem lyckas i skolan.

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Santos, Carla Eloísa Diniz dos. „Remoção de nitrogênio de efluente de reator anaeróbio via processo NDS utilizando sulfeto como doador de elétrons na desnitrificação autotrófica“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-18032019-112917/.

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O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi a avaliação da viabilidade do pós-tratamento de efluente rico em sulfato pré-tratado em sistema anaeróbio, explorando o processo de nitrificação e desnitrificação simultâneas (NDS), em reator de leito estruturado submetido a aeração intermitente (LEAI), utilizando sulfeto como doador de elétrons na redução do nitrogênio oxidado remanescente. O trabalho foi dividido em duas etapas, sendo o sulfeto (HS-) fornecido como doador de elétrons preferencial para desnitrificação. Na Etapa 1, HS- produzido pelas bactérias redutoras de sulfato (BRS) no reator anaeróbio (RAn) esteve continuamente presente no efluente encaminhado ao reator LEAI, uma vez que os dois sistemas foram operados em série. Como resultado, observou-se efeitos tóxicos sobre a comunidade nitrificante, limitando a remoção de N-total. A eficiência máxima de oxidação de N-NH4+ atingida foi de 60 ± 12%. Na Etapa 2, HS- passou a ser adicionado por bombeamento de solução concentrada de sulfeto de sódio. Duas estratégias de adição do sulfeto foram testadas, iniciadas após os 30 min iniciais de cada etapa não-aerada: solução de sulfeto adicionada em pulsos únicos, com tempo de bombeamento de 15 min (Estratégia I) e adição de maneira contínua ao longo dos 90 min restantes de cada fase não-aerada (Estratégia II). A forma de administração de sulfeto reduziu seu efeito inibitório à comunidade nitrificante na Etapa 2, alcançando eficiência de oxidação de N-NH4+ de 65 ± 7,8%. Entretanto, a remoção de N-total no reator LEAI foi limitada pela etapa de desnitrificação, uma vez que aporte de doador de elétrons inorgânico manteve-se abaixo da demanda estequiométrica nas duas estratégias de adição de sulfeto testadas. Observou-se que a adição de sulfeto mais diluída ao longo do tempo (Estratégia II) teve efeitos menos negativos à biota nitrificante na fase subsequente, refletindo em maior estabilidade e aumento da eficiência média de nitrificação de 59 para 65%, em comparação com a Estratégia I. Testes de perfis temporais de concentrações foram realizados ao final de cada etapa para elucidar a dinâmica e os efeitos do sulfeto sobre os processos combinados de nitrificação e desnitrificação. Observou-se que o sulfeto dissolvido foi efetivamente utilizado como doador de elétrons em ambas as Etapas Experimentais, resultando em cargas máximas de N-total removido de 0,095 e 0,065 kgN m-3d-1 nas Etapas 1 e 2, respectivamente. Ao final do período operacional, análises de sequenciamento do rRNA 16s detectaram sequências relacionadas a microrganismos nitrificantes do gênero Luteimonas, desnitrificantes heterotróficos (Thauera e Azoarcus) e autotróficos (Thiobacillus). Esses resultados demonstram que os processos de nitrificação e desnitrificação (autotrófica e heterotrófica) foram os envolvidos na remoção de nitrogênio no reator LEAI.
The present study evaluated the feasibility of the post-treatment of the effluent from an anaerobic system treating sulfate-rich wastewater. The post-treatment was based on simultaneous nitrification and sulfide-driven autotrophic denitrification of the remaining oxidized nitrogen using a structured-bed reactor subjected to recirculation and intermittent aeration (SBRRIA). This investigation was divided into two main sections (Stages 1 and 2), with the sulfide (HS-) supplied as the preferred electron donor for denitrification. In Stage 1, the HS- biologically produced by the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the anaerobic reactor (ARn) was continuously provided in the SBRRIA feeding, as the two systems were operated in series. As a result, sulfide partially inhibited the nitrifying activity, limiting the overall nitrogen removal performance. The maximum NH4+-N oxidation efficiency reached was 60 ± 12%. In Stage 2, HS- was added in the SBBRIA by pumping a concentrated solution of sodium sulfide. Two strategies of sulfide addition were tested, both of them initiated after 30 min of each non-aerated period of the intermittent aeration cycle. In Strategy I, the sulfide solution was added by single pulses of 15 min in each non-aerated period. In Strategy II, a continuous sulfide addition during 90 min of each non-aerated period was tested. The sulfide-controlled addition reduced its inhibitory effect on the nitrifying community in Stage 2, resulting in an NH4+-N oxidation efficiency of 65 ± 7.8%. However, the Total-N removal was still limited by the denitrification, as the sulfide supply remained below the stoichiometric demand in both two strategies tested. Strategy II was less harmful for the nitrifying activity in the subsequent aerated period, reflecting in higher stability and increase of the NH4+-N oxidation efficiency from 59 to 65%, compared to Strategy I. At the end of each stage, temporal profiles were performed to elucidate the dynamics of sulfide and its impacts on combined processes. Dissolved sulfide was effectively used as an electron donor for autotrophic denitrification in both stages, resulting in maximum Total-N removed loads of 0.095 and 0.065 kgN m-3d-1 in Stages1 and 2, respectively. At the end of the operational period, rRNA 16S sequencing analysis detected sequences related to nitrifiers belonging to Luteimonas, heterotrophic (Thauera and Azoarcus) and autotrophic (Thiobacillus) denitrifiers. These results demonstrated that nitrification and denitrification (autotrophic and heterotrophic pathways) were likely in the processes involved in nitrogen removal in SBBRIA reactor.

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Westberg, Vilma. „What kind of issue is climate change really? : A qualitative study on how Argentina, Brazil and Mexico describe the climate change issue in their NDCs“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444442.

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At this time, we know that climate change is a threat to all countries on earth and that governments are expected to take on a lot of responsibility in solving the issue. We know that framing is a tool that is frequently used by actors who want to communicate a message. What we do not know enough about is how governments make use of framing in their communication on climate change, to for example foster public engagement. This paper has answered this question by looking deeper into how three different governments describe the climate change issue with an analysis of framings based on their Nationally Determined Contributions. Through a qualitative content analysis of the documents, it was found that all three cases describe the climate change issue in terms of responsibility and economic consequences. Additional aspects of climate change that the countries focus on differ between the cases. This knowledge is important because it can help understand the challenges that governments see in fighting climate change, which can stand in the way for the global effort that is needed to fight climate change.

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Alshatti, Danah Ahmed. „Examining Driver Risk Factors in Road Departure Conflicts Using SHRP2 Data“. University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton152534759506242.

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Nemanja, Popović. „Napredni distributivni menadžment sistem zasnovan na Cloud infrastrukturi“. Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2018. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=107176&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji ispitana je mogućnost prebacivanja Naprednog Distributivnog Menadžment Sistema (NDMS) zasnovanog na zajedničkoj operaciono tehnološkoj platformi na virtualno Cloud infrastrukturno okruženje. Prvo je odabrano tradicionalno NDMS rešenje zasnovano na fizičkoj računarskoj arhitekturi i identifikovani su funkcionalni blokovi. Zatim su profilirane njihove performanse prema četiri ključna resursa: procesor, operativna memorija, računarska mreža i stalna memorija. Dalje predloženo je virtualno rešenje zasnovano na Cloud infrastrukturi koje je verifikovano na dve zamišljene elektrodistributivne mreže realnih veličina (maloj i velikoj) i u dva testna scenarija (stabilnog stanja i visoke aktivnosti). Na kraju predstavljeni su rezultati testiranja koji pokazaju da se NDMS može prebaciti u virtualno Cloud okruženje bez negativnog uticaja na funkcionalne i nefunkcionalne zahteve NDMS rešenja.
This dissertation inspects the possibility of transferring the Advanced Distribution Management System (ADMS) based on a common operating technology platform to the virtual Cloud Infrastructure Environment. First, a traditional ADMS solution based on physical computing architecture was chosen and functional blocks were identified. Furthermore, their performances were profiled to four key resources: processor, operating memory, computer network, and storage. Then, virtual cloud-based solution was proposed based on Cloud infrastructure which is verified on two imaginary power distribution networks of real size (small and large) and in two test scenarios (steady state and high activity). Finally, the test results show that ADMS can be transferred to a virtual Cloud environment without adversely affecting the functional and non-functional requirements of the ADMS solution.

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Dos, Santos Noëmie. „Contrôle de la sélectivité des réactions d'hydrodésulfuration et d'hydrogénation en hydrotraitement : étude cinétique sur des essences craquées modèles“. Lyon 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/36/01/95/PDF/these-NDS-vf.pdf.

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Dans le contexte pétrolier d'une future mise sur le marché d'essences "zéro soufre", ce travail se propose de revisiter la problématique de l'hydrodésulfuration sélective des essences de FCC sur catalyseur CoMo/Al2O3, procédé ayant pour but de désulfurer au maximum cette coupe pétro-lière tout en minimisant l'hydrogénation des oléfines. Pour mieux comprendre les mécanismes réactionnels mis en jeu ainsi que de tenter de préciser le nombre de type de sites actifs présents sur le catalyseur, une approche expérimentale à l'aide de molécules modèles a été choisie afin d'étudier la cinétique des réactions d'HDS, d'HYD, d'isomérisation et de recombinaison des oléfines avec l'H2S. Ce travail a permis de confirmer l'existence d'un équilibre thermodynami-que entre les oléfines et les mercaptans ainsi qu'une adsorption compétitive des oléfines et des composés soufrés sur les mêmes sites actifs du catalyseur. Nous avons pu montrer que l'hydro-gène sulfuré gouverne à lui seul la sélectivité HDS/HYD, et ce quel que soit l'ajout de compo-sés annexes (composés azotés, xylènes, hydrogène. . . ) dans le milieu réactionnel. Un modèle cinétique basé sur l'existence d'un seul type de sites actifs a permis d'expliquer une grande par-tie des résultats obtenus au cours de ce travail
In the oil context of a future market of gasoline without sulphur, this work deals with the selec-tive hydrodesulphurization of FCC gasoline on a CoMo/Al2O3 catalyst, the aim of this process beeing to remove the maximum of sulphur compounds while minimizing the olefins hydro-genation. For a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in this process and to try to clarify the number of different active sites on the catalyst, an experimental approach with model compounds has been chosen to study the kinetics of the HDS, HYD, isomerisation and recombination reactions. This work allowed us to evidence the existence of a thermodynamic equilibrium between olefins and thiols, and adsorption of olefins and sulphur compounds has been demonstrated to occur on the same active sites. Moreover, our results indicate that the hydrogen sulphide governs the selectivity HDS/HYD, whatever was the addition of secondary compounds (nitrogen compounds, xylenes, hydrogen…). A kinetic model based on the exis-tence of a single type of active sites allowed to explain most of the results obtained during this work

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Hovmöller, Nils Hannes. „Vulnerability and polycentricity when climate ambitions are contrasting : A comparative case-study of the NDCs of the Philippines and Russia on the content and roles of vulnerability and multilevel governance“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444116.

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Flückiger, Vera. „n/a not/available nachfrage und angebot von Standortinformation in der Immobilienbranche : NDK/NDS Nachdiplomarbeit im Rahmen des Nachdiplomstudiums in Raumplanung an der ETH Zürich /“. Zürich : ETH Zürich, [Institut für Orts-, Regional- und Landesplanung], 2001. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=dipl&nr=70.

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Pell, David Andrew. „Statistical models for estimating the intake of nutrients and foods from complex survey data“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/286334.

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Background: The consequences of poor nutrition are well known and of wide concern. Governments and public health agencies utilise food and diet surveillance data to make decisions that lead to improvements in nutrition. These surveys often utilise complex sample designs for efficient data collection. There are several challenges in the statistical analysis of dietary intake data collected using complex survey designs, which have not been fully addressed by current methods. Firstly, the shape of the distribution of intake can be highly skewed due to the presence of outlier observations and a large proportion of zero observations arising from the inability of the food diary to capture consumption within the period of observation. Secondly, dietary data is subject to variability arising from day-to-day individual variation in food consumption and measurement error, to be accounted for in the estimation procedure for correct inferences. Thirdly, the complex sample design needs to be incorporated into the estimation procedure to allow extrapolation of results into the target population. This thesis aims to develop novel statistical methods to address these challenges, applied to the analysis of iron intake data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme (NDNS RP) and UK national prescription data of iron deficiency medication. Methods: 1) To assess the nutritional status of particular population groups a two-part model with a generalised gamma (GG) distribution was developed for intakes that show high frequencies of zero observations. The two-part model accommodated the sources of data variation of dietary intake with a random intercept in each component, which could be correlated to allow a correlation between the probability of consuming and the amount consumed. 2) To identify population groups at risk of low nutrient intakes, a linear quantile mixed-effects model was developed to model quantiles of the distribution of intake as a function of explanatory variables. The proposed approach was illustrated by comparing the quantiles of iron intake with Lower Reference Nutrient Intakes (LRNI) recommendations using NDNS RP. This thesis extended the estimation procedures of both the two-part model with GG distribution and the linear quantile mixed-effects model to incorporate the complex sample design in three steps: the likelihood function was multiplied by the sample weightings; bootstrap methods for the estimation of the variance and finally, the variance estimation of the model parameters was stratified by the survey strata. 3) To evaluate the allocation of resources to alleviate nutritional deficiencies, a quantile linear mixed-effects model was used to analyse the distribution of expenditure on iron deficiency medication across health boards in the UK. Expenditure is likely to depend on the iron status of the region; therefore, for a fair comparison among health boards, iron status was estimated using the method developed in objective 2) and used in the specification of the median amount spent. Each health board is formed by a set of general practices (GPs), therefore, a random intercept was used to induce correlation between expenditure from two GPs from the same health board. Finally, the approaches in objectives 1) and 2) were compared with the traditional approach based on weighted linear regression modelling used in the NDNS RP reports. All analyses were implemented using SAS and R. Results: The two-part model with GG distribution fitted to amount of iron consumed from selected episodically food, showed that females tended to have greater odds of consuming iron from foods but consumed smaller amounts. As age groups increased, consumption tended to increase relative to the reference group though odds of consumption varied. Iron consumption also appeared to be dependent on National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification (NSSEC) group with lower social groups consuming less, in general. The quantiles of iron intake estimated using the linear quantile mixed-effects model showed that more than 25% of females aged 11-50y are below the LRNI, and that 11-18y girls are the group at highest of deficiency in the UK. Predictions of spending on iron medication in the UK based on the linear quantile mixed-effects model showed areas of higher iron intake resulted in lower spending on treating iron deficiency. In a geographical display of expenditure, Northern Ireland featured the lowest amount spent. Comparing the results from the methods proposed here showed that using the traditional approach based on weighted regression analysis could result in spurious associations. Discussion: This thesis developed novel approaches to the analysis of dietary complex survey data to address three important objectives of diet surveillance, namely the mean estimation of food intake by population groups, identification of groups at high risk of nutrient deficiency and allocation of resources to alleviate nutrient deficiencies. The methods provided models of good fit to dietary data, accounted for the sources of data variability and extended the estimation procedures to incorporate the complex sample survey design. The use of a GG distribution for modelling intake is an important improvement over existing methods, as it includes many distributions with different shapes and its domain takes non-negative values. The two-part model accommodated the sources of data variation of dietary intake with a random intercept in each component, which could be correlated to allow a correlation between the probability of consuming and the amount consumed. This also improves existing approaches that assume a zero correlation. The linear quantile mixed-effects model utilises the asymmetric Laplace distribution which can also accommodate many different distributional shapes, and likelihood-based estimation is robust to model misspecification. This method is an important improvement over existing methods used in nutritional research as it explicitly models the quantiles in terms of explanatory variables using a novel quantile regression model with random effects. The application of these models to UK national data confirmed the association of poorer diets and lower social class, identified the group of 11-50y females as a group at high risk of iron deficiency, and highlighted Northern Ireland as the region with the lowest expenditure on iron prescriptions.

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Zapletal, Petr. „Klasifikační metody analýzy vrstvy nervových vláken na sítnici“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218575.

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This thesis is deal with classification for retinal nerve fibre layer. Texture features from six texture analysis methods are used for classification. All methods calculate feature vector from inputs images. This feature vector is characterized for every cluster (class). Classification is realized by three supervised learning algorithms and one unsupervised learning algorithm. The first testing algorithm is called Ho-Kashyap. The next is Bayess classifier NDDF (Normal Density Discriminant Function). The third is the Nearest Neighbor algorithm k-NN and the last tested classifier is algorithm K-means, which belongs to clustering. For better compactness of this thesis, three methods for selection of training patterns in supervised learning algorithms are implemented. The methods are based on Repeated Random Subsampling Cross Validation, K-Fold Cross Validation and Leave One Out Cross Validation algorithms. All algorithms are quantitatively compared in the sense of classication error evaluation.

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Salcedo, Alvaro Javier Moyano. „Remoção de nitrogênio e material orgânico via nitrificação e desnitrificação simultânea (NDS) em biorreator de membranas submersas com biofilme (BRMS-BF) para o tratamento de águas urbanas servidas“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2018.

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Orientador: Prof. Dr. Eduardo Lucas Subtil
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Santo André, 2018.
O lançamento de águas urbanas servidas (AUS) sem tratamento causa problemas associados à saúde pública e à deterioração dos recursos hídricos. Neste contexto, os Biorreatores com Membranas Submersas (BRMS) e Biofilme (BRMS-BF), operados sob condições específicas para nitrificação e desnitrificação simultâneas (NDS), são uma opção viável para o tratamento de água AUS e seu potencial reúso. Este projeto de pesquisa teve como objetivos avaliar a remoção de nitrogênio via NDS, caracterizar o processo de fouling das membranas e identificar os principais microrganismos associados ao ciclo do nitrogênio em um sistema piloto BRMS-BF operado em diferentes concentrações de oxigênio dissolvido (OD) para o tratamento de AUS. O volume útil do reator foi de 156 L com módulo de 17 membranas (sintetizadas em fluoreto de vinilideno, PVDF) tipo placa plana de ultrafiltração de 0,1 ?m. O material suporte foi de poliuretano (gel termoplástico). O efluente utilizado foi da residência estudantil e o restaurante universitário da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram propostas duas fases de operação com concentrações de OD acima de 2, e 0,8 mgO2/L. Os valores de temperatura (T), Potencial de Redox (ORP), e pressão transmebranar (PTM) foram monitorados e os de pH, vazão (Q) e OD controlados, por meio de sensores. A aeração foi realizada controlando o fluxo através de rotação por meio de dois difusores de ar de 10 e 15 L/min. Os resultados para a fase I e II apresentaram os valores médios a seguir, respetivamente: T (24 e 23 ?), ORP (186 e -11 mV), PTM (0,02 e 0,04 bar), pH (6,9 e 6,7), Q (22 e 16 L/h), OD (2,2 e 0,9 mgO2/L) e SST (5,7 e 5,6 g/L). A remoção de matéria orgânica (DQO e DBO5 mg/L) e de turbidez foi maior de 96% e de 99%, respetivamente nas duas fases. A remoção de nitrogênio total foi de 33% para a Fase I e 74% na Fase II, apresentando melhoras na remoção a baixa concentração de OD. No entanto, a Fase II apresentou acúmulo de nitirto, que pode estar relacionado com a desnitrificação parcial, devido a ausência de carbono suficiente em presença de baixas concentrações de OD. As comindades de microrganismos observadas perteneceram principalmente ao filo Petrobacteria (abundância relativa > 70% na biomassa suspensa e o biofilme para a Fase I e II). O gênero Nitrospira foi o principal gênero identificado que influenciou o processo de oxidação de nitirito. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os microrganismos presentes segundo o tipo de biomassa e a concentração de OD. Não houve uma redução significativa na permeabilidade das membranas, associada ao fouling, quando a concentração de OD foi reduzida para 0,9 mg/L.
Urban waters served (UWS) without any kind of treatment causes problems which are related to public health and hydric resources deterioration. In this context, the Submerged Membranes Bioreactor (MBRS) and Biofilm (MBRS-BF), operated under specific conditions for simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND), are a viable option for UWS treatment and their potential reuse. The aim of this project is to evaluate nitrogen removal via SND, characterize the process of fouling of the membranes and identify the main microorganisms related to nitrogen cycle in a MBRS-BF pilot-system which was operated on different concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) for UWS treatment. Reactor useful volume was 156 L with 17-membranes module - (synthesized in a Polyvinylidene Fluoride - PDVF) - 0,1 ?m ultrafiltration flat-plate type. Support material was composed of polyurethane (thermoplastic gel). The used effluent has come as from student residence as USP's food court. Two operation-phases were proposed in which concentration was over 2, and 0,8 mgO2/L. Temperatures values (T), Redox potential (ORP) and trasmembrane pressure(TMP) was monitored as well as pH, leakage (L) and DO was controlled by sensors. Aeration was carried out by controlling flow in rotation through two air diffusers with 10 e 15 L/min capacity. The results for phases I and II performed the following average values, respectively: T (24 and 23), ORP (186 and -11 mV), PTM (0,02 and 0,04 bar), pH (6,9 and 6,7), Q (22 and 16 L/h), OD (2,2 and 0,9 mgO2/L) and SST (5,7 and 5,6 g/L). Organic matters removal (DQO and DBO5 mg/L) and turbidity was bigger, by ranging from 96% to 99%, respectively, in both phases of this operation. Total nitrogen removal was 33% for Phase I and 74% of Phase II, by perfoming best efficiency in concentration of low OD (0,9mgO2/L).However, phase II showed nitrite storage, which can be attributed to partial denitrification, due to absence of carbon enough in OD low concentrations. Observed microorganisms communities belonged to mainly Petrobacteria phylum (relative abundance > 70% in suspended biomass and biofilm for phases I and II). Nitrospira was the main genus found which influenced nitrite oxidation process. It was not found significant difference among these present microorganisms according to their biomass type and DO concentration. There were not any significant reduction on membranes permeability, related to fouling, when DO concentration was reduced to 0,9 mg/L.

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Sinha, Piyush M. „Nanoengineered implantable devices for controlled drug delivery“. The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1115138930.

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Pereira, Christine Lourenço Amorim. „Impacto do uso do solo no crescimento, limitação nutricional, taxonomia e variação estequiométrica do perifíton em rios tropicais“. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8065.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Os rios em todo o mundo estão ameaçados através da alteração do uso e cobertura do solo. Nesse contexto, o perifíton é sugerido como indicador biológico devido ao seu ciclo de vida curto, à comunidade autótrofa e à riqueza de espécies. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar mudanças em parâmetros estruturais e funcionais da assembleia perifitica em relação aos diferentes tipos de cobertura do solo (pristino, perturbação intermediária e perturbado); em especial na limitação nutricional, crescimento e acúmulo, composição taxonômica e estequiometria da comunidade. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em três rios (Santa Maria, Itaperiti, Anil) da bacia Guapi-Macacu, RJ, Brasil. A limitação nutricional foi acessada através de Substratos Difusores de Nutrientes alocados in situ; estes substratos consistem em potes com agar-agar, enriquecidos com nutrientes (N, P, N+P), ou não (controle), que difundem até o filtro, servindo de substrato para o crescimento perifítico. Ainda, o crescimento foi acessado através da colonização de azulejos, amostrados em datas diferentes; na última data, a amostragem também foi feita para a verificação da composição taxonômica e estequiométrica da assembleia. Os resultados mostraram que a comunidade perifítica é limitada primariamente por luz nos pontos pristinos; já nos pontos perturbados, há limitação por nitrogênio ou fósforo, dependendo do uso do solo predominante agricultura com maior aporte de nitrogênio, causando limitação por fósforo, e pecuária com maior aporte de fósforo, causando limitação por nitrogênio. Os trechos perturbados apresentaram maior biomassa perifítica em termos de clorofila a; além disso, também mostraram as maiores taxas de crescimento da comunidade. Também, houve mudanças na composição taxonômica da comunidade no gradiente de perturbação, com o aumento de gêneros tolerantes à poluição e diminuição de gêneros não tolerantes e da diversidade e a equitabilidade. A intensidade luminosa foi determinante na presença dos táxons, e a concentração de fosfato, nas suas abundâncias. Por fim, as razões estequiométricas - C:N, C:P and N:P - diminuíram em função da concentração de nutrientes na água, indicando o potencial de remoção de nutrientes em córregos poluídos. O presente trabalho foi inovador na área limnológica devido à abordagem estequiométrica em conjunto com o grande número de outras variáveis biológicas. Em tempo, a dificuldade de separação dos efeitos das variáveis ambientais neste estudo in situ faz com que seja sugerido o uso de experimentos controlados em mesocosmos posteriormente
The rivers around the world are threatened by changes in land use. In this context, the periphyton is a great biological indicator due to its short life cycle, the autotrophic community and species richness. The aim of this study was to identify changes in structural and functional attributes of the periphytic assemblages in relation to the different land uses (pristine, mixed, and impacted); especially related to nutritional limitation, growth and accumulation, taxonomic composition and stoichiometry of the community. The study was conducted in three rivers (Santa Maria, Itaperiti, Anil) of Guapi-Macacu basin, RJ, Brazil. Nutritional limitation was accessed through Nutrient Diffusing Substrata allocated in situ; these substrata consist of agar solution enriched with nutrients (N, P, N+P) or not (control), which diffuse through the filter, which acts as a substrate for the periphyton growth. Growth was also assessed through colonization of tiles, sampled at 4 different dates; on the last date, samples were used to assess the taxonomic and stoichiometric composition of the periphyton. The results showed that periphyton community was limited primarily by light at pristine sites; the disturbed reaches were limited by nitrogen or phosphorus, depending on the prevailing land use agriculture with higher nitrogen supply, causing limitation by phosphorus, and livestock with higher phosphorus supply, causing nitrogen limitation. The disturbed site also showed higher periphyton biomass in terms of chlorophyll a. In addition, the highest community growth rates were found at the disturbed reaches. There were changes in the periphyton taxonomic composition along the impact gradient, with increasing pollution-tolerant genera and disappearence of non-tolerant genera. The diversity and evenness of algae taxa were higher in pristine sites. Canopy openess was an important fator determining presence/absence of taxa, while PO4 concentration was crucial for their abundances. Finally, the periphyton stoichiometric ratios measured as C:N, C:P and N:P - decreased according to the nutrient concentration in the water, indicating the potential for nutrient removal in polluted streams. This work was innovative in limnological area due to the stoichiometric approach and the large number of other biological variables. The difficulty of separating the environmental variables effects in this study in situ suggests the use of controlled experiments in mesocosms in latter studies

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Scott, Joseph E. „Column Buckling Analysis of Wood Stud Members due to Reduced Stiffness over Partial Member Length“. The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1543325743355501.

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Nikola, Dalčeković. „Platforma za transformaciju softverskih rešenja pametnih elektroenergetskih mreža na cloud bazirani višeorganizacijski SaaS“. Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=110701&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Sve češćom upotrebom cloud okruženja dolazi do potrebe da se postojeća softverska rešenja migriraju. Metodologija za migraciju na cloud postoji više, gde se u finalnim fazama planiraju modifikacije nad arhitekturom softvera tako da se iskoriste prednosti cloud sistema. Za ekonomsku efikasnost usled uštede resursa je neophodna višeorganizacijska osobina. Svrha ovog istraživanja je da pojasni višeorganizacijsko svojstvo i da predloži rešenje za migraciju postojećih softvera na višeorganizacijski SaaS ali sa što manje neophodnih modifikacija ciljnog softvera. S toga je predloženo rešenje platforma koja omogućuje lakšu migraciju. Nakon faze istraživanja i sagledavanja domena pametnih elektroenergetskih mreža, kreiran je prototip predloženog rešenja kao i niz eksperimenata u skladu sa definisanim naučnim pitanjima. Eksperimenti su izvršeni u privatnom cloud okruženju. Hipoteze su adresirane kroz viziju primene rešenja na NDMS (Napredni distributivni menadžment sistem) u slučaju šest organizacija, a doneti su sledeći zaključci: višeorganizacijskim modelom se ostvaruju uštede u resursima od 32%, za tri reda veličine veća visoka dostupnost, ali uz usporenja do 20 milisekundi po svakom servisnom zahtevu. Takođe, aplikativni model učesnika modernih PaaS usluga nije primeren gde je sinhronizam zahtevan, niti u slučajevima gde se očekuju odgovori nad skupom učesnika u realnom vremenu. Istraživanje ukazuje na mogućnost primene višeorganizacijskog modela čak i u slučaju kompleksnih rešenja kakva se sreću u domenu pametnih elektroenergetskih mreža, a akademskom validacijom potvrđuju način implementacije važnog finalnog koraka u procesu migracije softvera na cloud bazirani SaaS.
Progressive cloud adoption requires migration of existing software solutions. Today, many cloud adoption methodologies exist. Usually, the final phase in cloud adoption include software architecture modifications to make the most of the benefits of cloud computing, like multi-tenancy which enables economic efficiency. The aim of this research is to explain the multi-tenancy and to provide a solution for migration of existing software to multi-tenant SaaS while modifying the target software as little as possible. Therefore, the research proposes a platform that enables easier cloud adoption. After the research phase focused on a smart grid domain, the prototype was created with experiments targeting formulated research questions. The experiments were conducted in a private cloud environment. Research hypotheses were analyzed using hypothetical multi-tenant ADMS (Advanced Distribution Management System) in case of six tenants, with the following conclusions: multi-tenancy saves 32% of resources, it provides three orders of magnitude higher availability, but affects performances by introducing a delay of up to 20 milliseconds per service request. Also, reliable actors programing model used in modern PaaS services is not suitable in use cases with needs for synchronous behavior, nor in in use cases where querying a set of actors is needed in real time. The research demonstrates feasibility of applying multi-tenancy even in cases of complex software solutions like the ones in the smart grid domain. The proposed solution is academically validated and it can be used as a final important step in migration of existing software to cloud based multi-tenant SaaS.

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Murata, Kiemi de Brito. „Remoção de matérias orgânica e nitrogenada de esgoto sanitário em reator de leito estruturado, em escala piloto“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-10052016-143939/.

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O processo de nitrificação e desnitrificação simultâneas (NDS) permite alcançar a remoção combinada de matérias carbonácea e nitrogenada em uma única unidade. O reator de leito estruturado, com biomassa imobilizada e recirculação interna, apresenta características positivas para que estes processos envolvidos ocorram, tais como propiciar a formação de biofilme e evitar a colmatação do leito. Esta configuração tem sido estudada com êxito em reatores em escala de bancada para tratamento de esgoto. Nesta pesquisa foi utilizado um reator de leito estruturado em escala piloto com a finalidade de avaliar sua implantação, eficiência e estabilidade tratando esgoto doméstico em condições reais para futura aplicação em pequenas comunidades, condomínios residenciais entre outros como sistema descentralizado. O reator foi construído em fibra de vidro, de formato cilíndrico, com diâmetro interno de aproximadamente 0,80 m e 2,0 m de altura. O volume total foi de aproximadamente 0,905 m3 e o volume útil de 0,642 m3. A operação foi realizada sob condições de aeração contínua e intermitente e os tempos de detenção hidráulica (TDH) testados foram de 48, 36 e 24 horas. A remoção de DQO manteve-se acima de 90% com TDH de 48 e 36 horas. A melhor eficiência de remoção de nitrogênio total foi de 72,4 ± 6,4%, sob TDH de 48 horas e a aeração intermitente, com 2 horas de aeração e 1 hora não aerada. A concentração de oxigênio dissolvido (OD) média de 2,8 ± 0,5 mg.L-1 na fase aerada e temperatura média de 24,7 ± 1,0 °C. Nesse mesmo período, a eficiência média de remoção de DQO foi de 94 ± 4 %. Apesar das dificuldades apresentadas no controle da aeração, as eficiências das remoções obtidas indicaram que o reator de leito estruturado e aeração intermitente (LEAI) se apresenta como uma alternativa promissora em escala plena, requerendo ajustes para construção e incremento da estabilidade da NDS.
The simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) process allow achieving a combined nitrogen and carbon removal in a single unit. The structured-bed reactor, with immobilized biomass and internal recirculation, presents positive characteristics for occurrence of these involved processes, such as providing biofilm formation and prevent clogging. This configuration have been study successfully in a bench scale for sewage treatment. In this research was used a structured-bed reactor in a pilot scale in order to evaluate its implantation, efficiency and stability treating sewage in real conditions to future application in small communities, residential condominium among others, as decentralized treatment. The reactor was constructed with cylindrical glass fiber modules, with internal diameter of 0.8 m and 2.0 m height. The total volume was about 0.905 m3 and 0.642 m3 working volume. It was worked under continuous and intermittent aeration conditions and the tested hydraulic retention times (HRT) were 48, 36 e 24 hours. The maximum total nitrogen removal was 72.4 ± 6.4% ; the HRT was 48 hours with intermittent aeration, in which 2 hours in aeration and 1-hour nonaeration. An average dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of 2.8 ± 0.5 mg.L-1 in the aerated time and an average temperature of 24.7 ± 1.0°C. In the same period, the average COD removal was 94 ± 4%. Despite of the difficulties presented in aeration control, the obtained removals indicated the structured-bed reactor subjected to recirculation and intermittent aeration (SBRRIA) can be a promising alternative in full scale, demanding adjustments to improve the reactor construction and the SND stability.

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Grall, Romain. „Nouvelles stratégies pour le traitement des tumeurs chimio et radio-résistantes : Nanodiamants hydrogénés et Solides hybrides poreux. Etude in vitro dans des systèmes 2D et 3D“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T034/document.

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Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit dans un contexte d’explosion des nanoparticules et de leur très grand potentiel pour des applications en cancérologie. Ainsi, deux classes de nanoparticules ont été étudiées afin de valider et de caractériser biologiquement ce potentiel. Premièrement les Nanodiamants hydrogénés (H-NDs) dont l’interaction avec les photons de l’irradiation comme générateur de stress oxidatif était au cœur du postulat physico-chimique. Nous avons non seulement validé cette hypothèse dans plusieurs lignées cellulaires de cancer du rein et du sein notamment, insensibles aux doses d’irradiation étudiées ; mais également identifié la sénescence comme étant la voie activée par le double traitement H-NDs et irradiation. Les Solides hybrides poreux sont également des matériaux prometteurs grâce à leur haut pouvoir d’encapsulation de molécules actives. Nous avons ainsi démontré l’absence de toxicité de ces composés seuls dans quatre lignées de cancer du poumon et du foie, élément essentiel avant d’envisager leur utilisation, chargés avec des principes actifs. Enfin, à l’heure où la réglementation internationale encourage le développement et l’utilisation de modèles alternatifs à l’expérimentation animale, nous avons mis au point un modèle de culture tridimensionnelle d’adénocarcinome mucosécrétant de poumon. Il est utilisé pour l’étude de la progression tumorale ainsi que pour la découverte de nouvelles molécules de chimiothérapie
The present work focuses on nanoparticles and their great skills for oncology therapies. Two kinds of nanoparticles have been studied in order to biologically validate and characterize their features. The use of hydrogenated Nanodiamonds (H-NDs) as radio sensitizer is based on a physic-chemical postulate where they act as oxidative stress generator through interaction with irradiation. Thus we validated this hypothesis in radio resistant kidney and breast cancer cell lines and identify senescence as the main pathway after co-treatment with H-NDs and irradiation. Metal organic frameworks are also of particular interest for drug delivery because of their very important loading capacities. Here we demonstrate the biocompatibility of the empty compounds in four lung and hepatic cancer cell lines, a main point before their involvement in drug delivery strategies. Finally, following international guidelines encouraging to make animal testing more ethic, we developed a new 3D cell culture mimicking mucinous lung adenocarcinoma. This well characterized model will be used for the study of cancer development and drug screening

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Khorshid, Ahmad Tina Jr. „Transcriptional regulation of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2): implication in re-myelination and/or myelin repair in an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS)“. Springer, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31053.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease characterized by the destruction of central nervous system (CNS) myelin. Although the neurotrophin, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has a beneficial role in re-myelination and/or myelin repair, these effects are hampered by the over-expression of a transcriptional repressor isoform of methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) called MeCP2E1. We hypothesize that following experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) -induced myelin damage, the immune system induction of the pathogenic MeCP2E1 isoform hampers the re-myelination and/or myelin repair process by repressing BDNF expression. Our research identified the temporal gene and protein expression changes of MeCP2E1, MeCP2E2 and BDNF in an EAE mouse model of MS, and correlated them with the changes in the neurological disability scores (NDS). Our results indicated MeCP2E1 mRNA levels are elevated in EAE animals which is responsible for the repressed BDNF production in the spinal cord that prevents re-myelination and/or myelin repair.
February 2016

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Moes, Lotte Sophie. „The relationship between mental health in adolescents having self-reported neurodevelopmental disorders and sources of parental knowledge: A cross-sectional study“. Thesis, Jönköping University, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53894.

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The present study aimed to compare adolescents (14-15 years old) having self-reported neurodevelopmental disorders classified as flourishing with those adolescents classified as non- flourishing concerning rated mental health problems and adolescent perceptions of adolescent disclosure and parental control. The present study used a cross-sectional design based on a secondary analysis of data collected in the LoRDIA research program. Adolescents having self-reported NDDs in wave 3 were included (n=198). Adolescents rated their mental health using the Mental Health Continuum – Short Form, after which researchers classified them as flourishing, moderate, or languishing. Behavior and emotional symptoms were rated using the conduct problems subscale and emotional symptoms subscale of the self-reported version of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Adolescents rated adolescent disclosure and parental control using the adolescent disclosure scale and parental control scale. Independent Samples t-Tests, Mann-Whitney U test, and multiple regressions were performed to analyze data. Findings illustrated that adolescents having self-reported NDDs classified as flourishing report less conduct problems, lower adolescent disclosure, and same levels of parental control compared to those adolescents classified as non-flourishing. Emotional problems seem to be positively related to adolescent disclosure within family interaction patterns, while conduct problems appear to be negatively related to parental control. However, parenting style may be crucial in having few or many conduct- and emotional problems. Thus, adolescent disclosure plays a prominent role in relation to adolescents’ mental health, mental health problems, and parent-adolescent interactions, while parental control plays a prominent role in relation to adolescents’ mental health problems and parent-adolescent interactions.

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Newborg, Christel. „Elever med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning och NPF : En litteraturstudie med fokus på pedagogiska utmaningar och könsskillnader“. Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84668.

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This essay consists of a review of 34 scientific articles. The aim is to describe and compile current research about students with intellectual disability (ID) and neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD). The research questions focus on what challenges for learning and teaching the diagnoses imply, if there are any differences between girls and boys, and how the learning environment may be adapted for these students. The theoretical framework in this study consists of gender theory and social constructions. The results show that many students with ID also have diagnoses within NDD and that it affects the students’ executive, adaptive and social abilities. Girls show other symptoms than boys, but there tends to be fewer differences when the students have a severe ID. Girls are often quieter than boys and seem to have better social skills, while boys more frequently have challenging behaviour. The differences contribute to boys receiving more support in school and that they are referred to neuropsychiatric assessment at an earlier age. Girls however are more difficult to discover, which causes that girls often receive a diagnosis later than boys. Considerably more boys than girls get a diagnosis within NDD; research has for many years focused on boys’ symptoms, which has affected the formation of the diagnostic tools. The result shows that there is a huge need of adapting the education to each student’s ability and level of knowledge with help from a clear structure in a calm setting with few disturbances. The students need support in developing their executive, adaptive and social skills. Early interventions have shown to be of great importance. Regardless of cognitive level, pedagogues need to have high expectations on the students, encourage them and give them the support they need. The students may for example need longer time, rehearsal or that the exercises are divided into smaller parts. The result indicates that students with disabilities have the best opportunity for development when they are together with students in general education.
Den här forskningsöversikten består av en granskning av 34 vetenskapliga artiklar. Syftet är att beskriva och sammanställa aktuell forskning om elever som har IF och NPF. Frågeställningarna fokuserar på vilka utmaningar för lärande och undervisning diagnoserna innebär, om det förekommer några skillnader mellan flickor och pojkar samt hur lärmiljön kan anpassas för dessa elever. Det teoretiska ramverket i studien utgörs av genusteori och sociala konstruktioner. Resultatet visar att många elever med IF har diagnoser inom NPF och att det påverkar elevernas exekutiva, adaptiva och sociala förmågor. Flickor uppvisar ofta andra symtom än pojkar, men skillnaderna tenderar att vara mindre vid svår eller grav IF. Flickor är i regel tystare än pojkar och verkar ofta ha en högre social kompetens, medan pojkar i högre utsträckning är utåtagerande. Skillnaderna bidrar till att pojkar ofta får mer stöd i skolan och att de utreds i ett tidigare skede. Flickor är däremot svårare att upptäcka, vilket bidrar till att flickor ofta får diagnos senare än pojkar. Betydligt fler pojkar än flickor får diagnos inom NPF; forskning har i många år utgått från pojkars symtom, vilket har påverkat utformandet av utredningsverktygen. Resultatet visar att det finns ett stort behov av att individanpassa undervisningen utifrån elevernas förmågor och kunskapsnivå med hjälp av tydlig struktur i en lugn miljö med få störande moment. Eleverna behöver stöd för att utveckla sina exekutiva, adaptiva och sociala förmågor. Tidiga insatser har visat sig vara av stor betydelse. Oavsett kognitiv nivå krävs att pedagoger möter eleverna med höga förväntningar och uppmuntran samt ger dem det stöd de behöver. Exempelvis kan det handla om att få längre tid på sig, repetition eller att uppgifterna delas upp i mindre delar. Resultatet indikerar att elever med funktionsnedsättningar har störst möjlighet att utvecklas tillsammans med elever inom reguljär skola.

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Ešner, Oldřich. „Implementace OpenVPN na platformě Windows CE“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-235969.

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The motivation for inception of this MSc. thesis which follows on from a term project of the same name was the transfer of the application for building private virtual OpenVPN networks from Windows XP operating system to Windows CE Embedded 6.0 platform. The project deals with virtual private networks in general and looks more closely at its implementation - OpenVPN. It also introduces the basic features of the Windows CE operating system. The project goes on to describe device drivers in NT-based Windows operating systems, the Windows Driver Model used, the NDIS network interface model and also the model of Windows CE drivers - the Stream Interface Model. The project continues with a~description of communication in OpenVPN application and primarily the role of TUN/TAP virtual network interfaces. This is followed by a proposal for transfer of TUN/TAP adapter drivers together with a description of limitations and necessary modifications between both platforms. As a result a TAP network device driver is implemented whose function is verified by test application that emulates the behaviour of a TUN adapter. The project concludes with an evaluation of the achieved results, the possibilities for further work on this theme and with the overall contribution of this project.

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Bueno, Rodrigo de Freitas. „Nitrificação e desnitrificação simultânea em reator com biomassa em suspensão e fluxo contínuo de esgoto“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-09092011-153620/.

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Recentemente foi desenvolvido na Europa o processo conhecido por Nitrificação e Desnitrificação Simultânea (NDS), em que o lodo ativado opera com tempo de retenção de sólidos suficientemente altos para que a nitrificação ocorra mesmo com baixa concentração de oxigênio dissolvido nos tanques de aeração, situação em que é possível a manutenção de condições anóxicas no interior dos flocos e a ocorrência da desnitrificação. Em países de clima tropical, muitas estações de tratamento de esgoto foram construídas ou estão sendo projetadas para operarem sob as condições da variante do processo de lodo ativado conhecida por aeração prolongada, reconhecidamente eficiente na remoção de matéria orgânica e na nitrificação do esgoto. Tais estações podem ser adaptadas para estas novas condições, de forma a se obter o benefício técnico da desnitrificação e o ganho econômico relativo à redução no consumo de energia elétrica para aeração. Este estudo avaliou as condições de remoção de nitrogênio via NDS em um sistema de lodo ativado com aeração prolongada alimentada em fluxo contínuo com diferentes idades do lodo 40, 30 e 20 dias, tratando esgoto sanitário. O processo de tratamento permaneceu estável durante todo o período de observação. Os resultados experimentais demonstram que é possível manter baixas concentrações de OD no tanque de aeração em uma faixa relativamente estreita (0,3-0,8 mg.L-1), e, consequentemente desenvolver os processos de nitrificação e desnitrificação sob as mesmas condições (NDS) com alta eficiência e estabilidade. A remoção de DQO e DBO foi acima de 90 por cento . Os valores de crescimento específico máximo (m20) das bactérias autotróficas nitritantes e nitratantes, resultaram muito próximos aos descritos na literatura, sendo para a idade do lodo de 20 dias os valores de 0,68 d-1 para as bactérias nitritantes e de 0,62 d-1 para as bactérias nitratantes. Os valores das taxas de utilização máxima de amônia foram maiores do que as obtidas com o nitrito e, pode-se observar que o acúmulo de nitrato devido à diminuição da amônia foi mais rápido do que o com nitrito. Desse modo, conclui-se que a nitrificação foi governada pelas bactérias autotróficas nitritantes. A taxa de utilização de nitrato foi maior tendo como substrato material rapidamente biodegradável. Confirmando que a disponibilidade de carbono tem papel fundamental nas taxas de desnitrificação no processo de NDS
It was developed in Europe the process known as Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification (SND) in activated sludge that operates with a SRT, high enough for nitrification to occur, even with low concentration of dissolved oxygen in the aeration tanks. Such situation in the tanks is possible to maintain anoxic conditions inside the flocs and to have the occurrence of denitrification. In countries with tropical climate, many sewage treatment plants have been built or are being designed to operate under the conditions of the variant of the activated sludge process known as extended aeration, admittedly effective in removing organic matter and nitrification of the sewage. Such plants may be adapted to these new conditions in order to obtain the technical benefit of denitrification and economic gain on the reduction in energy consumption for aeration. This study aimed at assessing the conditions of nitrogen removal by SND in a system of extended aeration activated sludge in a continuous flow, with different SRT of 40, 30 and 20 days, treating sewage. The process of treatment remained stable throughout the observation period. The experimental results show that it is possible to maintain low DO concentrations in the aeration tank in a relatively narrow range (0.3 to 0.8 mg.L-1), and hence develop the processes of nitrification and denitrification under the same conditions (NDS) with high efficiency and stability. The BOD and COD removal was above 90 per cent . The values of maximum specific growth (m20) of bacteria autotrophic nitrites and nitrates, are the result very similar to those described in the literature, for the sludge age of 20 days the values of 0.68 d-1 for nitrites bacterium and 0,62 d-1 for nitrates bacterium. The values of the maximum utilization rates of ammonia were higher than those obtained with the nitrite and can be observed that the accumulation of nitrate of ammonia due to the decrease was faster than with nitrite. This way, it was concluded that nitrification was ruled by autotrophic nitrites. The utilization rate of nitrate was higher as substrate material readily biodegradable. Confirming that the availability of carbon performs a fundamental role in the denitrification rates in the process of SND

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Hoffman, Julia. „Alla är olika och olika är bra : Idrott och hälsa lärares erfarenheter av anpassningar och bemötande av elever med diagnos inom autismspektrum“. Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-82751.

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Several studies show that physical activity has positive effects for children with autism. Therefore, I chose to investigate the form of adaptions student in autism spectrum in the subject of sports and health and what conditions the physical education teachers have to create a favorable environment for student with autism. Through a qualitative research method with teachers in physical education and health, the material has been collected with semi structured interviews. The results show how teachers adapt teaching to student with autism spectrumdisorders. Physical education and health teachers work in different ways. The adaption can consist of preparation, the student’s special interests, structure, participation/involvement, andclarity in the teaching. Based on the discussion, all students are different and the teachers need to adapt the student’s needs.
Flertal studier visar att fysisk aktivitet har positiva effekter för barn med autism. Därför valde jag att undersöka vilken form av anpassningar elever inom autismspektrumet i ämnet idrott och hälsa och vilka förutsättningar idrottslärarna har för att skapa en gynnsam miljö för elever med autism. Genom en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med lärare inom idrott och hälsa har materialet samlats in via semistrukturerade intervjuer. I resultatet framkommer det hur lärarna anpassar undervisningen till elever med autismspektra. Idrott och hälsa lärarna arbetar på olika sätt för att anpassa undervisningen. Anpassningen kan bestå av förberedelser, elevensspecialintressen, struktur, delaktighet/involvering samt tydlighet i undervisningen. Utifrån diskussionen är alla elever olika och lärarna behöver anpassa elevens behov.

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Santos, Carla Eloísa Diniz dos. „Influência da relação carbono/nitrogênio e da fonte de carbono no processo de nitrificação desnitrificação simultânea em reator de leito estruturado“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-01092014-092147/.

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Este trabalho buscou avaliar a influência da relação C/N e da fonte de carbono no processo de nitrificação e desnitrificação simultâneas em reator de fluxo contínuo e leito fixo estruturado. Foi utilizado um reator vertical de acrílico, com volume total de 11,0 L e volume útil de 5,5 L, com hastes cilíndricas verticais de espuma de poliuretano como suporte para a biomassa. O sistema foi operado com TDH de 11,2±0,6 horas, aeração intermitente (2 horas com aeração e 1 hora sem aeração) e razão de recirculação de efluente igual a 5. A carga carbonácea afluente foi mantida constante (1,07 kg DQO.m-3.dia-1), ao longo de todo o período experimental, sendo as relações C/N testadas (9,7±1; 7,6±1; 2,9±1 e 2,9±0,4) obtidas a partir da variação na carga nitrogenada aplicada. Duas fontes orgânicas foram avaliadas: sacarose e peptona de carne. A eficiência média de remoção de DQO manteve-se acima de 90%. A eficiência máxima de remoção de N-total (84,6±10,1%) foi obtida para relação C/N de 2,9±1, com concentrações efluentes médias de NTK e N-NH4 de 5,9 e 4,3 mg.L-1, respectivamente. A análise estatística da eficiência de remoção de N-total confirmou que a fonte de carbono não exerceu influência sobre os processos de remoção. A obtenção de eficiências de desnitrificação superiores às calculadas estequiometricamente, em função da fonte de carbono, indicou a ocorrência de possíveis vias complementares para remoção de nitrogênio, como o processo anammox. As velocidades de nitrificação e desnitrificação obtidas nos ensaios cinéticos foram similares para as duas fontes de carbono e para as relações C/N estudadas e da mesma ordem de grandeza das apresentadas na literatura, reforçando a ideia de que a configuração de reator utilizada, aliada às adequadas condições operacionais, permitiu a remoção concomitante de matéria carbonácea e nitrogenada.
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of COD/N ratio and organic source on the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) in an up-flow structured-bed reactor. The reactor was made of acrylic with a total volume of 11 L and a working volume of 5.5 L and filled with cylinders of polyurethane foam as support for biomass growth. The system was continuously operated with an HRT of 11.2±0.6 h, intermittent aeration (2h with aeration and 1h without aerationd) and a liquid recycle ratio equal to 5. The organic load rate was constant (1.07 kg COD.m-3d-1) during the entire experiment. The COD/N ratios (9.7±1; 7.6±1; 2.9±1 and 2.9±0,4) were obtained from the variation of nitrogen load rate. Two organic sources were evaluated: sucrose and meat peptone. The average COD removal efficiency was above 90%. The maximum total nitrogen removal efficiency was 84.6±10.1%, with average TKN and NH4+-N effluent concentrations of 5.9 and 4.3 mg.L-1, respectively. Statistical analysis of total nitrogen removal efficiency confirmed that the carbon source did not influence over the removal processes. The denitrification efficiencies higher than the stoichiometrically calculated in function of the carbon source, indicated the occurrence of possible paths for nitrogen removal of nitrogen as anammox process. The nitrification and denitrification rates obtained in kinetic experiments were similar for the two sources of carbon and all C/N ratio studied at the same order of magnitude in relation to those reported in the literature, enhancing that the reactor configuration tested combined with the proper operational conditions allowed the organic matter and nitrogen removal simultaneously.

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TSAI, PO-CHENG, und 蔡博丞. „The study of Non-Detriment Findings (NDFs) for silky shark in the Indian Ocean“. Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yvq8d7.

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碩士
國立高雄科技大學
漁業生產與管理系
107
Silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) was listed in Appendix II of CITES at the 17th Conference of the Parties in 2016. This shark is commonly caught as bycatch by tuna longline fishery, and has been seriously concerned by Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) for its fishery resource management due to its population decline. Non-Detriment Findings (NDFs) is the key concept established in CITES’s Resolution Conference 16.7 (Rev. CoP16) in 2013, which claimed that, “export permits for specimens of species included in Appendices I and II shall be granted only when a Scientific Authority of the State of export has advised that such export will not be detrimental to the survival of the species”. NDFs becomes the essential scientific document for export states. Based on the experience from other countries, the electronic spreadsheet (e-NDF) developed by TRAFFIC and the German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) was implemented in this study for NDFs-assessment of silky sharks in the Indian Ocean. The results of analysis showed that the silky shark NDF is positive with conditions. To ensure the trade is sustainable, this study suggest to establish CCC code, specific species measures, or total allowable catch as recommendations for improvement.

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„Mechanistic study of anti-carcinogenic effects of fermentation metabolites produced by synbiotic system composed of mushroom NDCs and bifidobacteria on colon cancer cells“. Thesis, 2009. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6074950.

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A 24-hour fermentation of the optimized synbiotic composed of B. longum and EPR was performed to give a cell-free fermentation broth (S24). S24 was co-cultured with two colon cancer cell lines (Caco-2 and SW620) and normal colon cells (FHC). S24 significantly inhibited cell proliferation for both colon cancer cells but promoted FHC cell growth by 10-25% as shown by MTT and BrdU arrays. Primary DNA damage analysis by alkaline comet assay showed S24 caused DNA damage to a comparable extent as the positive control of 10 mM H2O2 (treated for 1 hour) for both cancer cells. Dynamic analysis on DNA damage-associated DNA repair showed the two colon cancer cells had different response pattern to S24. Flow cytometric analysis showed that both Caco-2 and SW620 when treated with S24 (IC 50=3.66 mM of acetate) were arrested initially at G2/M and subsequently at S phase accompanied with large sub-G1 peaks. Dual staining with PI/AnnexinV further proved the appearance of apoptosis. Live cell imaging analysis on Caco-2 cells treated with S24 showed the following events: mitochondria were rapidly destroyed within the first two-hour treatment, the cells bubbled and the nucleus condensed after the mitochondrial had shrunken, followed by apoptosis.
Despite active research on synbiotic on anti-carcinogenesis of colon cancer by synbiotics, the underlying mechanism still remains unclear. This study investigated a novel synbiotic composed of non-digestible carbohydrates (NDCs) extracted from mushroom sclerotia as prebiotics and Bifidobacteria as probiotics. Preliminary results on incubation of two probiotics ( Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus brevis) and one pathogenic bacterium (Clostridium celatum) separately with 3 NDCs extracted from mushroom sclerotia [Poria cocos (PC), Polyporus rhinocerus (PR) and Pleurotus tuber-regium (PT)] indicated that the growth of B. longum and L. brevis was stimulated more preferentially than C. celatum after 72-hour fermentation. The short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile was dominated by acetate (> 98% of total SCFAs) with very little butyrate (< 2.0% of total SCFAs) and the organic matter disappearance (OMD) during fermentation was consistent with the bacterial growth. Among the synbiotic combinations, NDC from PR and B. longum gave the largest amount of acetate (2.47+/-0.232 mmol/g of organic matter disappearance).
Results obtained from human pathway finder RT2 Profiler(TM) PCR Array indicated that S24 could modulate the proliferation of colon cancer cells mainly by various pathways such as cell cycle and DNA damage repair, apoptosis and cell senescence, etc. In SW620 cells, PCR Array of Human Cell Cycle further revealed that the modulated genes mainly belonged to the gene cluster of S phase and DNA replication as well as G2 and G2/M transition. While for Caco-2 cells, the cell-cycle modulated genes mainly belonged to the cluster of G2 and G2/M transition. Immuno-blotting on the pivotal upstream regulators showed that phosphorylation of ATM at Serine 1981 was significantly increased in both cancer cells. Site-specific phosphorylation of pRB was decreased and phosphorylation of Chk1 was increased in both cancer cells while Chk2 were increased in SW620 cells. Cdc25A was phosphorylated at serine17 in both cancer cells. It can be proposed that the blockage of DNA synthesis or DNA damage was due to the down-regulation of some pivotal DNA replication related proteins such as RPA3, PCNA and MCMs, detected by ATM-Chk1/Chk2-Cdc25A pathway. This would cause the prolonged staying of cells at the G1/S checkpoint which further moved on to S phase arrest for SW620 cells. Moreover the sharply up-regulated p21, an important inhibitor of Cdk2 would further hinder the cells passing the G1/S checkpoint in SW620 cells.
The tumor suppressor p53 was detected phosphorylated at various sites in SW620 but not in Caco-2 cells. In SW620 cells, G2/M arrest was caused by the inhibition of CDK1/CDC2 due to increased expression of GADD45A and p21 and phosphorylation of Cdc25A, while for Caco-2, the G2/M arrest was caused by degradation of Cdc25A due to the absence of p53-activated GADD45A and p21 expression as shown in the pathway finder results. Some apoptosis-related proteins of Bax, Apaf-1 and PARP were modulated as shown by immuno-blotting in both colon cancer cells. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Gao, Shane.
Adviser: Peter Chi-Keung Cheung.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-11, Section: B, page: .
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-94).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.

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Tian, Kuen-Shiuan, und 田昆玄. „Characteristics and Hot Carrier Reliability of n-channel Lateral Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor (LDMOS) Transistors with Different NDD Dosage“. Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32304174744452957542.

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碩士
國立成功大學
微電子工程研究所碩博士班
94
In this thesis, the device characteristics and hot-carrier reliability of Lateral Diffused Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (LDMOS) transistors are investigated. My research will highlight the impact of various n-type drain drift (NDD) implant doses on DC characteristics and hot carrier reliability of 12V n-channel LDMOS transistors processed in a 0.35μm technology. Two important features of high-voltage (HV) devices are a low on-resistance (Ron) and a high breakdown voltage (VBV). As we all know, increasing NDD dose could lower on-resistance, but it also cause a rise of the maximum lateral electric field (Eymax), which may lead to a more serious hot-carrier effect. We will discuss the effect of NDD dose in the following five chapters. In Chapter 1, there will be some basic introductions of HV devices and its application, and we also introduce the background of hot-carrier effect. In Chapter 2, we will show all the parameters extracted from my experiments, measurement methodology, and stress methodology. Then, we will discuss the impact of different NDD dose on parameter degradation in Chapter 3. From my experiments, we discover that Ron degradation will dramatically decrease while Gmmax degradation will slightly increase with higher NDD dose. We suppose that it is related to the places in oxides where hot electrons and hot holes are trapped with different NDD doses. After discovering this phenomenon, we will discuss the effect of NDD dose in different device structures in Chapter 4. We find that when the length from gate edge to drain N+ edge (Ld) becomes longer, the effect of NDD dose will become smaller. On the contrary, when the gate length (Lg) becomes shorter, the effect of NDD dose will become greater. Then we focus on the highest NDD dose, and discover that Lg has a greater influence on Ron degradation than Ld. In Chapter 5, a conclusion and a future work are presented for further investigation.

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Lutz, Annette Katharina [Verfasser]. „The influence of a dietary supplement (NDS Baseline Probiotic) on the gastrointestinal quality and physical performance of endurance runners / vorgelegt von Annette Katharina Lutz“. 2005. http://d-nb.info/977848442/34.

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Papachrysanthou, Christos-Athanasios Michael. „Flowzytometrische und histologische Untersuchungen der akuten Abstossung nach voll allogener Dünndarmtransplantation im Rattenmodell unter immunsuppressiver Therapie mit dem Interleukin-2 Rezeptor Antikörper NDS-61®“. 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=017739283&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Fonnegra, Mora Diana Carolina. „Desarrollo de un sistema operativo para el cálculo de índices de sequía basados en información espacial“. Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/5991.

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Tesis (Magister en Aplicaciones Espaciales de Alerta y Respuesta Temprana a Emergencias)--Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, 2017.
Maestría conjunta con el Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales "Mario Gulich"-CONAE.
La presente tesis se basa en la construcción de un sistema operativo para el cálculo de índices de sequía basados en información espacial, que representan el estado actual de este fenómeno en Argentina y Colombia. Para ello, se integraron y automatizaron rutinas de código abierto que permiten obtener índices meteorológicos (precipitación) - biofísicos (condiciones de la vegetación) y ponen a disposición mapas de las condiciones de sequía. Para evaluar las condiciones de la vegetación se usaron indicadores de fácil aplicación como: el Normalized Difference Drought Index (NDDI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) (permiten evaluar la salud, humedad y verdor en la vegetación para extensas áreas) aplicados a productos MODIS. En el caso de la precipitación, se empleó el Indice de Precipitación Estandarizada (SPI) (reconocido Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM) como punto de partida para la vigilancia y diagnostico a la existencia de sequía meteorológica (Svoboda et al., 2016)) y fue aplicado a productos de los sensores: Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) y Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM). La información se procesó haciendo uso de recursos Open-Source (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) GIS, Python) y la publicación de los resultados se realizó en un web-GIS, creado a partir del software OpenGeo Suite, al cual se le adaptaron complementos visuales e interactivos (perfiles y animación), con el fin de mejorar la experiencia y comprensión de los usuarios en la interpretación de los resultados. Por otra parte, para los indicadores biofísicos, se elaboraron un total de 72 productos (36 por país) de tipo histórico (desde 2004 hasta 2015) usando MOD13Q1. Asimismo, se generaron productos de tipo diario para el NDDI empleando MOD13Q4N. Finalmente, se obtuvieron productos de SPI (calculado para una serie de datos 3B42RT e IMERG-Late, desde 2004) que se actualizan cada mes, para cuatro escalas temporales (mes, trimestre, semestre, año) que expresan las condiciones de sequía a corto, mediano y largo plazo.
This thesis is based on the construction of an operating system for the calculation of drought indices based on spatial information, which represent the current state of this phenomenon in Argentina and Colombia. To do this, open source routines were integrated and automated to obtain weather indexes (precipitation) - biophysical (vegetation conditions) and put maps of drought conditions available. In order to evaluate the conditions of the vegetation, easy-to-use indicators were used, such as: NDDI, NDWI, NDVI (they allow to evaluate the health, humidity and greenness of vegetation for large areas) applied to MODIS products. In the case of precipitation, SPI was used (recognized by OMM as a starting point for monitoring and diagnosing the existence of meteorological drought (Svoboda et al., 2016)), applied to sensor products: TRMM & GPM. The information was processed making use of Open-Source resources (GRASS GIS, Python) and the publication of the results was done in a web-GIS, created from the OpenGeo Suite software, to which visual and interactive complements (profiles and animation), in order to improve the experience and understanding of the users in the interpretation of the results. On the other hand, for the biophysical indicators, a total of 72 products were produced (36 per country) of historical type (from 2004 to 2015) using MOD13Q1. Likewise, daily type products were generated for the NDDI using MOD13Q4N. Finally, SPI products were obtained (calculated for a series of data 3B42RT and IMERG-Late, since 2004) that are updated each month, for four time scales (month, quarter, semester, year) that express short, medium and long-term drought conditions.

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47

Schuster, Thomas. „Writ - Claim form - Klage“. Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B351-7.

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48

Moreira, Durmezila Ivone Abreu. „As Necessidades Educativas Especiais do aluno com dificuldades intelectuais e desenvolvimentais na transição para a vida ativa“. Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/27329.

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O presente trabalho incide na nossa prática profissional, designadamente nos últimos anos, dado que temos vindo a trabalhar com alunos com Necessidades Educativas Especiais (NEE), a qual assenta num conjunto de ações e desafios que contribuem para a reflexão e análise das dificuldades, bem como dos êxitos alcançados. A escola inclusiva desempenha um papel primordial na integração de alunos com NEE, como centro do processo educativo tem a função de adequar respostas educativas às necessidades reais de cada criança e jovem com NEE. A inclusão da criança ou jovem na escola de hoje, na sociedade e no mundo laboral, é um desafio complexo. A Transição para a Vida Ativa (TVA) exige a implementação de medidas e práticas que contribuam para o desenvolvimento de competências sociais e pessoais fundamentais para uma melhor de qualidade de vida de crianças e jovens. Tendo por base a revisão da literatura, bem como o enquadramento legal em vigor, pretendeu-se apresentar o programa de atividades na comunidade do caso de uma aluna com Dificuldades Intelectuais e Desenvolvimentais (DID) no decorrer do processo de TVA. A aluna está inserida numa turma do décimo ano e beneficia do Decreto-Lei 3/2008, artigo 21.º - Currículo Especifico Individual (CEI). Neste âmbito, será dado a conhecer a intervenção pedagógica de acordo com o perfil de funcionalidade e Programa Individual de Transição (PIT) e respetivas competências, que quando proporcionadas, criam expectativas positivas em relação ao futuro das crianças e jovens, quer no campo pessoal, como profissional. Para que tal aconteça também o professor deve estar atento, aprofundar conhecimentos, desenvolver estratégias, que lhe permita dar as melhores respostas, através de um trabalho colaborativo e dinâmico
The present study focuses on our professional practice, especially in recent years, since we have bn working with students with special educational nds (SEN), which is based on a set of actions and challenges that contribute to the reflection and analysis of difficulties and achievements. Inclusive school plays a key role in the integration of students with SEN as the center of the educational process has the task of adapting educational responses to the real nds of each child and young person with SEN. The inclusion of children or young people in today's school, in society and in the workplace, is a complex challenge. The transition to active life (TVA) requires the implementation of measures and practices that contribute to the development of social and personal competences fundamental to a better quality of life for children and young people. Based on the literature review, as well as the legal framework in force, it was intended to present the program of activities in the community of the case of a student with Intellectual and Developmental Difficulties (DID) in the course of the TVA process. The student is enrolled in a tenth grade class and benefits from Decr-Law 3/2008, Article 21 - Individual Specific Curriculum (CEI). In this context, the pedagogical intervention will be made known according to the profile of functionality and Individual Transition Program (PIT) and respective competencies, which when provided, create positive expectations regarding the future of children and young people, whether in the personal field, as a professional. For this to happen, the teacher must also be attentive, dpen knowledge, develop strategies, which allows him to give the best answers, through a collaborative and dynamic work

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