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Umarova, Zarrina. „Characteristics of development of Tajik jewelry art at the turn of the 21st century“. SHS Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185001226.
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The paper identifies and analyzes the characteristic features of the development of Tajikjewelry art in the late 20th - early 21st centuries. The author believes that at this time, after a long period of oblivion, there is a marked way to restoration of many lost and nearly forgotten folk traditions in Tajik jewelry art. This period of time can be distinguished as a transitional period in the history of Tajik jewelry art development. This issue carries a significant value in the history of Tajikistan because the jewelry art in the period from the 80ies ofthe 20th century to the early 20th century was previously not subjected to a dedicated study, which results in certain gaps in the research of modern Tajik jewelry art. Studying the characteristics of the development of jewelry art at the turn of the 21st century and of the problems faced by master jewelers (zargars) at that time will aid in the future to identify the most efficient ways of developing this industry and facilitate its becoming one of the export-oriented areas, taking into account that the Republic of Tajikistan possesses all the necessary natural resources.
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Susanti, Santi, Sukaesih Sukaesih und Iwan Koswara. „Promotional Messages on Social Media Marketing for Natural Seeds Jewelry“. MIMBAR : Jurnal Sosial dan Pembangunan 36, Nr. 1 (18.06.2020): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v36i1.5800.
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This study aims to examine the promotional messages in social media marketing for natural Seeds jewelry. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods and data is collected through interviews, observation, documents, and literature review. The object of this study is Bumi Putih Spiritual Jewelry, a brand of handmade jewelry products from natural seeds created by Anthony Imanuel Alexander Sutrisno. Data analysis in this research uses Miles and Huberman’s interactive method. The results show that Bumi Putih uses Instagram, Facebook and Twitter integrated for marketing the natural seeds jewelry. Promotional messages conveyed on the three platforms of social media are a combination of verbal and nonverbal messages in the form of text and symbols to influence the audiences’ cognitive, affective, and conative. By using social media, Bumi Putih not only marketing the products but also persuade netizens to respect nature and maintain its sustainability to create a harmonious relationship between human and the environment
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Belko, Tatyana V., Tatyana V. Kozlova und Svetlana Yu Osipova. „Role of jewelry and accessories in traditional women`s Russian costume of the 16th–17th centuries“. Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 59 (2021): 294–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2021-59-294-306.
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The paper conducts analysis of decor, accessories and jewelry in the context of traditional Russian costume of the 16th–17th centuries; it consists of an introduction and two parts. In the introduction, the authors note the importance of preserving and structuring information about ancient Russian accessories and costume jewelry for modern creative activity. The paper identifies socio-cultural significance of the ensemble of jewelry and costume in traditional Russian society. It examines the clothing of the South Russian and North Russian women's clothing complex, reflecting the specifics of the regions of Russia-from the Volga region to Siberia. The second part addresses the examples of the use of accessories and jewelry in the structure of traditional folk women's costume, depending on the regions of Russia including the clothes of the Orel, Kursk, Voronezh, Ryazan, Tambov, Tula, and Kaluga provinces belonging to the South Russian complex. The North Russian complexes of women's Russian clothing reflect the specifics of the regions. Headdresses, which are traditionally an integral part of women's folk costume, are represented by kokoshniks, kichki, and crowns. Earrings, rings, and chains are introduced by various schools of master jewelers. The characterization of signs by purpose, materials and method of making jewelry, allowed to clarify the order of classification construction of the scheme of using jewelry in the costume system. The main sections of the paper are illustrated with photos depicting costumes and complementary accessories from various regions of Russia. The authors also display costume ornaments that have long been out of use, but are valuable for research. The paper is of interest to ones studying costume design, accessories, and jewelry. It allowed for concluding about the importance of studying the elements of the costume as artifacts made of natural materials that serve as a precious source of information about the unique Russian decorative and applied art and costume.
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Volodymyr, INDUTNYI, MEREZHKO Nina und PIRKOVICH Kateryna. „COMMODITY EXPERTISE OF JEWELRY“. INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL JOURNAL "COMMODITIES AND MARKETS" 39, Nr. 3 (20.09.2021): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/tr.knute.2021(39)04.
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Background. Jewelry is one of the components of material, ritual, cultural and historical heritage of mankind.Modern jewelry has acquired significant differences from those created in the past. Changes in the field of production and trade in jewelry explain the relevance of the analysis of cost indicators in the modern jewelry market and the feasibility of improving commodity expertise. The aim of the workis to analyze the cost indicators on the jewelry market in Ukraine, to conduct their commodity expertiseand to develop an algorithm for cost forecastingof jewelry in accordance with their quality characteristics. Materials and methods. A database of initial data on jewelry present on the market was created in the following range: weddingrings, rings, pendants and earrings. All named products weigh up to 10 grams and are made of 925 silver and 585 gold. Most of them are decorated with precious and semi-precious stones or inserts that imitate them. To develop an algorithm for cost forecastingof jewelry, a mathematical model was built and the quality of the approximation was calculated according to K. Pearson. Results. The results of the analysis of cost indicators in the modern jewelry market are described, and also recommendations for performance of tasks of their commodity expertise are given. Three commodity groups of jewelry have been identified and an algorithm for predicting their value has been developed.A protocol for assessing the quality of jewelry and standards for visual comparison operations are presented. An approach to determining the estimated value of exclusive jewelry is proposed. Conclusion. The general regulations of work of commodity expertise of jewelry are established. Creating a mathematical model for cost forecastingof jewelry requires the compilation of a database of initial data of representative samples presented on the market. For each cost interval it is necessary to build a regression mathematical model that will ensure maximum consideration of pricing factors and the authenticity and reproducibility of the results of commodity research. Commodity expertiseof the cheapest jewelry can be carried out only on the basis of the value of the used precious metals. Medium-value jewelry requires market analysis and mathematical forecasting. Jewelry with precious stones of natural origin also requires analysis of databases on precious stones. More expensive jewelry (more than UAH 300,000 per sample) can be valued only at the value of the gemstone. Keywords: commodity expertise, jewelry, cost forecasting, protocol, evaluation criterion.
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Бравина, Розалия Иннокентьевна, und Зинаида Ивановна Иванова-Унарова. „The Glow of Silver: The Traditional Ornaments of the Yakuts. From the Origins to the Present“. ТРАДИЦИОННАЯ КУЛЬТУРА, Nr. 2 (25.06.2020): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26158/tk.2020.21.2.005.
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Ювелирное искусство народа саха исследуется в статье в междисциплинарном аспекте: изучаются истоки его возникновения, этнокультурные связи народов Евразии по материалам археологических памятников Позднего Средневековья, искусствоведческая характеристика украшений (традиции и новаторские черты в современном искусстве якутских ювелиров). В основу работы положен анализ находок из археологических раскопок якутских погребений XIV-XVIII вв., предметов из фондов музеев Республики Саха (Якутия) и Американского музея естественной истории в Нью-Йорке, а также авторских ювелирных изделий современных мастеров. Подробное изучение ансамбля якутских украшений и отдельных его частей содержится в трудах этнографов Ф. М. Зыкова, В. П. Дьяконовой и др. Классификация украшений, описание техники и способов обработки металла, к которым обращались эти авторы, не входят в задачи данной статьи. Металлические украшения древних якутов, найденные в археологических памятниках, рассматриваются нами в сравнительно-историческом аспекте и соотносятся с изделиями древних кочевников Центральной и Передней Азии, Китая и Южной Сибири. Якутское ювелирное искусство приобрело устойчивые формы, орнаментальный декор и национальное своеобразие в XVII-XIX вв. На современном этапе сохраняется многовековая традиция изготовления ансамбля украшений, но параллельно развивается творчество дизайнеров-ювелиров по созданию оригинальных художественных произведений, вырабатывающих неповторимый стиль этномодерна. The article examines the jewelry of the Sakha people from an interdisciplinary perspective. It examines its origins and sources; considers the ethno-cultural relations of the peoples of Eurasia, based on the materials of archaeological monuments from the late Middle Ages; and considers art history (traditions and innovative features in the modern art of Yakut jewelers). The work is based on archaeological excavations of Yakut burials of the 16th through 18th centuries, items from the collections of the museums of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), and the American Museum of Natural History in New York, as well as the author’s jewelry created by modern masters. A detailed study of Yakut jewelry and its individual parts is contained in the works of the ethnographers F. M. Zykov, V. P. Diakonova, and others, and the classification of jewelry and descriptions of the techniques and methods of metal processing that these scholars provided are not considered in this article. On the other hand, metal ornaments of ancient Yakuts found in archaeological sites are analyzed in a comparative historical context and correlated with the products of ancient nomads from Central and Western Asia, China and Southern Siberia. Yakut jewelry art acquired stable forms, ornamental design and national distinctiveness in the 17th - 19th centuries. The traditional Yakut way of making an ensemble of jewelry has been preserved, but at the same time, jewelry designers have also been creating original works of art that develop a unique “ethnomodern” style.
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Duangkhachon, Kriangkrai, und Onlamee Kamon In. „The Development of Dan-Kwian Ceramic Jewelry for Contemporary Aesthetics in Nakhon Ratchasima Province“. Key Engineering Materials 766 (April 2018): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.766.44.
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This research aims to development of Dan-Kwian ceramic jewelry from past to present. In terms of design, the raw materials and decorative techniques used in designed and developed Dan-Kwian ceramic jewelry for unique contemporary beauty. As a result, developed from the original by adopting simple shapes of geometry to be used for modern purposes, the emphasis is on creating different sizes in jewelry, which are large, medium and small. And highlight the color of clay body to light, medium and dark. The raw materials used to create Dan-Kwian ceramic jewelry prototype is Dan-Kwian clay mixed with kaolin and compound clay. At difference mixing ratio to determine the shade, then design and create masterpieces. Test fired with electric furnace at 800 and 1200°C, emphasize the natural brown and orange color of clay body. Decorated with smoked technique with rice husk in clay pot using charcoal stove owing to create a black color in the finished workpiece. Then, put it to sort the appropriate of each set. After that, design a piece of 5 different styles, in which the set consists of necklaces, bracelets and earrings. The most popular set of Dan-Kwian ceramic jewelry from the producer group is the first set inspired by the sphere, which can be prepared easily. Outstanding, the attraction is that the sphere in the center can be rotated. And the dark color in the center contrasted with the light outer circle. Overall, the five set are well received by the producer group. Make a way to see how to produce for sale, by selling it with existing products.
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Belov, S. V. „About the monograph “Collection and jewelry cassiterite”“. Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration, Nr. 3 (28.02.2021): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2020-63-3-92-96.
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Specialists of the Sergo Ordzhonikidze Russian State University for Geological Prospecting (MGRI), which had been training gemologists for many years, conducted an interesting and substantial study devoted to a non-traditional use of cassiterite, a mineral known to man for millennia. The monograph2 under review discusses various aspects of the use of cassiterite, as well as its accompanying minerals, for producing jewelry, collection and ornamental materials. Given the increasing popularity of natural minerals in recent decades, there is a growth of interest among collectors and manufacturers in non-traditional semi-precious stone raw materials and their use in the jewelry industry. The world trade in this area is significant and continues to demonstrate an increasing trend. In this regard, the work of D.A. Petrochenkov devoted to jewelry and ornamental cassiterites seems to be highly relevant. For the first time in world practice, the monograph comprehensively covers questions concerning cassiterite and its application, thus contributing to popularization of cassiterite jewelry and craftsmanship and laying the foundation for a new direction in the semi-precious stone industry. The author of the monograph critically reviewed the results of previous studies on the mineral and chemical composition of cassiterite and added an extensive set of his own analytical methods. The gemological and technological characteristics of cassiterite minerals were given, along with recommendations on their rational search, use and quality improvement. In term of ecological parameters, it was shown that the content of carcinogenic and radioactive elements in jewelry cassiterites does not exceed the background values. The market conditions were described, and recommendations on the organization of mining and geological work in this sphere were presented.
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Angelina, Donna. „The Jewelry Design from Natural Environment Based On Tropical Nature Of Indonesia“. Idealogy Journal 5, Nr. 1 (09.04.2020): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/idealogy.v5i1.179.
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Zhou, Danyi, Taijin Lu, Huiru Dai, Jieran Lv, Shouming Chen, Zhonghua Song und Jian Zhang. „Study on the Microstructure and Spectra of Regrown Quartz Crystals from Chinese Jewelry Market“. Crystals 11, Nr. 9 (19.09.2021): 1145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11091145.
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Regrown quartz crystals consist of the natural section and the synthetic section grown by hydrothermal technique, which has become popular on the Chinese jewelry market in recent years. Similar gemological properties to those of natural quartz have brought challenges to gem identification and also new questions to scientific research. In this study, microstructure and spectral characteristics of the two sections of regrown quartz crystals were investigated by three dimensional computed tomography system and infrared spectroscopy. Results showed that the natural section has a higher porosity and there are also many micron- to millimeter-sized pores on the interface of the two sections. Different infrared absorption peaks of the two sections at the 3300–3600 cm−1 range were mainly attributed to the different existence state of OH groups. The distinction of microstructure and spectral characteristics between the natural and synthetic sections indicate their different growth condition. Compared with natural quartz, a relatively stable growth environment during the synthetic process leads to a lower porosity and the alkali growth solution could result in the change of the existence state of OH groups in the regrown quartz crystals.
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Polishchuk, Mikhail, Mikhail Tkach, Igor Parkhomey, Juliy Boiko, Yevhenii Batrak und Oleksander Eromenko. „Intelligent machine for sorting semi-precious minerals“. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, Nr. 3 (01.06.2021): 1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i3.pp1354-1364.
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This paper proposes is devoted to solving the problem of sorting workpieces from minerals and semi-precious stones that are used in jewelry production. Intensive development of production leads to a reduction of natural resources, including semi-precious minerals. Therefore, the task of saving the use of minerals is relevant. The solution is based on the idea a new method for sorting semi-precious minerals is proposed, as well as the design of an intelligent installation for implementing this method. An increase in the accuracy of sorting semiprecious minerals has been achieved through the use of charge-coupled device (CCD) matrices, which automatically determine the volume of each mineral in 3D space. From the simulation work, it was found in comparison with manual sorting, the proposed method has reduced the amount of waste in the manufacture of jewelry by 15% ... 20%. Experimental studies were carried out using the example of such a semiprecious mineral as amber. The cost of raw amber in the amount of one kilogram on the modern market is in the range of 1200…2200 US dollars. The result confirms that the method is superior to the alternative method, with the achieved average waste saving of 20%, the proposed sorting technology makes it possible to obtain a profit of 240...440 US dollars per kilogram of amber. Ultimately, these solutions can improve the efficiency of jewelry production.
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Bootkul, D., T. Tengchaisri, U. Tippawan und S. Intarasiri. „Analysis and modification of natural red spinel by ion beam techniques for jewelry applications“. Surface and Coatings Technology 306 (November 2016): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.05.084.
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Leonhard, Karin. „Painted Gems. The Color Worlds of Portrait Miniature Painting in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Britain“. Early Science and Medicine 20, Nr. 4-6 (07.12.2015): 428–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733823-02046p06.
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It has been argued persuasively that we should see the art of the portrait miniaturist as being closely related to the art of the goldsmith – with the painted ‘jewel’ of the portrait set into a richly ornamented piece of jewelry. Indeed, there is a close affinity between Nicholas Hilliard’s art of portrait miniature painting and goldsmithery. His Treatise’s famous section devoted to precious stones reflects this idea, as it is concerned with the relationship of those stones to the colors used in the miniatures, colors that can be seen as surrogates for the stones themselves. Color, light and shadow – these three aspects of how to render the natural world into paint are closely related: it is the complexity of the relationship that demanded a painting technique that took care not to create chiaroscuro-effects and specifically not let color be ‘corrupted’ by shadows or ‘mixed’ with other colors.
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Wang, Meili, Guanghai Shi, Joe C. C. Yuan, Wen Han und Qing Bai. „Spectroscopic Characteristics of Treated-Color Natural Diamonds“. Journal of Spectroscopy 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8153941.
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With the increasing availability of treated-color diamonds on the market, their characterization is becoming more and more critical to the jewelry testers and customers. In this investigation, ten color diamonds treated by irradiation (4 pieces), HPHT (3 pieces), and multiprocess (3 pieces) were examined by spectroscopic methods. These diamonds are classified to be type Ia according to their FTIR characteristics. Using microscope and DiamondView, the internal features (such as distinctive color zoning and graphitized inclusions) and complex natural growth structures were observed, which show that the samples are more likely artificially colored natural diamonds. Through photoluminescence spectroscopy, a combination of optical centers was detected, including N-V0 at 575 nm, N-V− at 637 nm, H3 at 503 nm, H2 at 986 nm, and GR1 at 741 and 744 nm. Combining with the previous studies, treatment conditions for the studied diamonds were estimated depending on the presence and/or absence of the optical centers. In addition, the coloration mechanism of the samples (blue, green, and red) during the treatment process was also discussed. It is suggested that a number of techniques should be combined in order to make a reliable identification for such diamonds.
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Le, Nang Ngoc, Oanh Thi Kim Pham und Man Nguyen Tri Ho. „Research gemology and mineralogy characteristics of Tektite in North region of Da Lat City“. Science and Technology Development Journal 20, K4 (31.07.2017): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v20ik4.1122.
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Tektite in northern of Da Lat city is a kind of natural glass, formed from meteorite collisions with Earth, have basic elements Si, Al, Fe, Mg. Typical shapes inclued debris, drops, oval, dumbbell, flat sphere, flat mace, short prism with external shape characterized by holes covering the surface. Typical color is black, sometimes brownish green at thin edges. The average density is about 1.45 g/cm3, a refractive index of about 1.50, with prolonged gas and the inclusion of carbonate, lechatelierite characteristic of natural glass. Tektite in Northern Dalat is proven to have a planetary origin that fits the hypothesis that they are formed by meteorite impacts. Tektite in the area can be used in jewelry.
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Shigurova, Tat'yana Alekseevna. „Permanent metal jewelry in Mordovian female costumes: ethno-culturological aspect“. Культура и искусство, Nr. 7 (Juli 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0625.2021.7.36111.
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This article trace the origins of using permanent metal jewelry in traditional clothing of the Mordovian people, as well as characterizes the role of metal products in culture. From the perspective of the currently popular brocade, sparkling fabrics, it seems relevant to refer to the domestic tradition of costume embroidery with metal pendants, beads, pearls that shine in the sun, and to the analysis of peculiarities of of Erzya and Moksha embroidery of the XIX – early XX centuries, known for simple but very effective methods of decorating female costume. The novelty of this work is defined by the absence of special research dedicated to permanent metal décor of the Mordovian costume; the need to determine the ratio between natural and synthetic materials used in embroidery; their interrelation with the traditional norms and aesthetic preferences of the Mordovian people. The object of this research is the traditional Mordovian costume, while the subject is the specificity of including small metal items (pendants, beads, pearls) into embroidery of the elements of festive and ritual clothes of the XIX – early XX centuries. The goal consists in analysis of the tradition of using metal items in embroidery, as well as in cognition of the meanings of this material in folk culture. Analysis is conducted on the new archaeological and ethnographic sources, archival materials on the history of culture and art of the Mordovian region. The author highlights and characterizes various techniques of using sequins in the Moksha and Erzya embroidery of the XIX – early XX centuries, which testify to the complexity of ethnogenesis of the Mordovian people.
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Wang, Fang Biao, Yong Li, Ning Chen, Xiao Peng Jia und Hong An Ma. „Synthesis and characterization of NaAlSi2O6 jadeite under high pressure and high temperature“. Modern Physics Letters B 28, Nr. 22 (30.08.2014): 1450175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984914501759.
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With Al 2( SiO 3)3 and Na 2 SiO 3 ⋅ 9 H 2 O as raw materials, the NaAlSi 2 O 6 jadeite was synthesized in the temperature range of 1000–1600°C under 5.0 GPa conditions. Amorphous glass materials are entirely converted to crystalline NaAlSi 2 O 6 jadeite at 5.0 GPa and 1450°C. All the experimental results reveal that the properties of synthetic NaAlSi 2 O 6 resemble the natural jadeite very much. The research indicates that we provide a new approach to synthesize NaAlSi 2 O 6 and offer an essential guideline for jewelry, which will be helpful for deep understanding on the origin of natural jadeite and the metamorphism of magma within the Earth.
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Samashev, Zainolla, Aidos Erbulatovich Chotbaev, Nikolai Sergeevich Kurganov, Dmitrii Vasil'evich Pankin, Anastasiya Valer'evna Povolotskaya, Aleksei Viktorovich Kurochkin, Egor Petrovich Kitov und Aleksandra Olegovna Kitova. „Natural scientific methods in exploration of reference monuments belonging to Saka culture in the Kazakh Altai“. SENTENTIA. European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nr. 4 (April 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/1339-3057.2020.4.33922.
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This article examines the ancient gold jewelry with inlay, which were discovered in the process of archeological excavations of grave sites located on the Eleke Sazy Plateau, Tarbagatay Ridge in the East of Kazakhstan in the burial of a notable young man, conducted in summer of 2018. It is attributed to Saka culture, and dates back to approximately VIII – VII centuries BC. Among the objects, were found garments embroidered with gold, quiver with arrows, and bronze dagger in gold scabbard. This work examines the golden scabbard for the dagger. The scabbard consists of several parts attached to the wooden base and decorated with gold seeds and inlay. The inlay did not survive in many of the discovered items, but the traces of it remain. In the process of degradation, some jewels have changed their color, and currently look grey. Micro-samples for the research were selected from the crumbling fragments of inlay, acquired during restoration of the artifact. Modern natural scientific methods give broader opportunities for studying the material component of the objects of cultural heritage. Determination of composition of the object with most damage substantiates the reconstruction. In some cases, despite severe damage, the identification procedure can be conducted on the basis of the remaining particles, the size of which does not exceed tens of microns. Within the framework this work, the author examined the possibility for selection of such micro-samples with subsequent identification. The use of the Raman spectroscopic technique allows further examination of the selected micro-samples. Complementary methods of research include the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for studying the organic substances the inlay was attached to.
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Grimaldi, David, und Rob Desalle. „The Scientific Romance with Amber“. Paleontological Society Special Publications 7 (1994): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200009606.
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For at least 10 millenia, a special mystique has surrounded amber. This is probably due to the warmth of its color and touch, its lightness, and the small organisms that are sometimes found in it. Some of the oldest Mesolithic artifacts are amber carvings from Europe, and a rich folklore about origins of amber existed among the ancient Greeks, Assyrians, and Romans. The true origins of amber, as a fossilized resin that bled from trees, was first recognized by the Roman natural historian, Pliny the Elder. By the Renaissance Period, amber was used for elaborate figurines, carved bowls, jewelry, pipes, even caskets. The color of amber, especially in Mediterranean cultures, represented luxury.
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Moroshkina, N. V., I. I. Ivanchei, R. V. Tikhonov, A. D. Karpov und I. V. Ovchinnikova. „Development and Approbation of The Russian Database of Neutral and Smiling Female Faces (RuNeS Faces)“. Experimental Psychology (Russia) 11, Nr. 2 (2018): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2018110203.
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The article presents a database of women’s faces for research in the field of social perception. Each of 55 models was photographed full-face under four conditions: with a neutral or smiling face with hair up or down. The database includes the results of facial morphometry (relative positions of homologous points), expert ratings of appearance style, scores of perceived intelligence and attractiveness. The peculiarity of the database is that, unlike the others, we preserved the natural style featured on the models: clothes, jewelry, and makeup. The database was approbated in the study of physiognomic and appearance style predictors of perceived intelligence and attractiveness. It expands the variety of stimulus images available for researchers and can be used in different studies of social perception.
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Levin, Beth, Lelia Glass und Dan Jurafsky. „Systematicity in the semantics of noun compounds: The role of artifacts vs. natural kinds“. Linguistics 57, Nr. 3 (27.05.2019): 429–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2019-0013.
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Abstract The nature of the relationship between the head and modifier in English noun compounds has long posed a challenge to semantic theories. We argue that the type of head-modifier relation in an English endocentric noun-headed compound depends on how its referent is categorized: specifically, on whether the referent is conceptualized as an artifact, made by humans for a purpose; or as a natural kind, existing independently of humans. We propose the Events vs. Essences Hypothesis: the modifier in an artifact-headed compound typically refers to an event of use or creation associated with that artifact, while the modifier in a natural kind-headed compound typically makes reference to inherent properties reflective of an abstract essence associated with the kind, such as its perceptual properties or native habitat. We present three studies substantiating this hypothesis. First, in a corpus of almost 1,700 attested compounds in two conceptual domains (food/cooking and precious minerals/jewelry), we find that as predicted, compound names referring to artifacts tend to evoke events, whereas compound names referring to natural kinds tend to evoke essential properties. Next, in a production experiment involving compound creation and a comprehension experiment involving compound interpretation, we find that the same tendencies also extend to novel compounds.
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Samashev, Zainolla, Aidos Erbulatovich Chotbaev, Nikolai Sergeevich Kurganov, Dmitrii Vasil'evich Pankin, Anastasiya Valer'evna Povolotskaya, Aleksei Viktorovich Kurochkin, Egor Petrovich Kitov und Aleksandra Olegovna Kitova. „Natural scientific methods in exploration of reference monuments of the Saka Culture in Kazakh Altai“. Genesis: исторические исследования, Nr. 9 (September 2020): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2020.9.33885.
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This article explores the ancient gold jewelry with inlay, which were discovered in the process of archeological studies conducted in Summer 2018 of grave complexes located on the Eleke Sazy Plateau, Tarbagatay Ridge in East Kazakhstan Region in the burial of a young man belonging to aristocratic ancestry. It refers to the Saka culture, and dates back to approximately VIII-VII centuries BC. Among the discovered objects were garments embroidered with gold, quiver with arrows, and a bronze dagger in gold scabbard. This work studied the golden scabbard for dagger. The scabbard consists of several parts attached to a wooden base and decorated with granulation and inlay. In many cases, only traces of inlay remain. Some gems changed in color in the process of degradation, and currently look grey. Micro-samples for the research were selected from the crumbling fragments of inlay obtained in the process of restoration of the item. Modern natural scientific methods allow studying the material component of the objects of cultural heritage. The identification procedure is now available even based on the remaining particles with characteristic sizes that do not exceed tens of microns. Within the framework this research, the author examined the possibility of selecting such micro-samples with subsequent identification. Application of the Raman spectroscopic technique allowed examining the selected micro-samples on the next stage. The complementary methods imply Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for studying organic substances the inlay was attached to.
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García, Élodie Dupey. „Creating the Wind“. Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture 2, Nr. 4 (2020): 14–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/lavc.2020.2.4.14.
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This article explores how the Nahua of late Postclassic Mesoamerica (1200–1521 CE) created living and material embodiments of their wind god constructed on the basis of sensory experiences that shaped their conception of this divinized meteorological phenomenon. In this process, they employed chromatic and design devices, based on a wide range of natural elements, to add several layers of meaning to the human, painted, and sculpted supports dressed in the god’s insignia. Through a comparative examination of pre-Columbian visual production—especially codices and sculptures—historical sources mainly written in Nahuatl during the viceregal period, and ethnographic data on indigenous communities in modern Mexico, my analysis targets the body paint and shell jewelry of the anthropomorphic “images” of the wind god, along with the Feathered Serpent and the monkey-inspired embodiments of the deity. This study identifies the centrality of other human senses beyond sight in the conception of the wind god and the making of its earthly manifestations. Constructing these deity “images” was tantamount to creating the wind because they were intended to be visual replicas of the wind’s natural behavior. At the same time, they referred to the identity and agency of the wind god in myths and rituals.
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Hartanto, Susi. „PEWARNAAN ALAMI DAN SINTETIS LIMBAH SISIK IKAN SEBAGAI POTENSI PERHIASAN/ AKSESORIS MODE“. Jurnal Da Moda 2, Nr. 2 (02.05.2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35886/damoda.v2i2.173.
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Result from interview with Manado fish scale handicraft industry stakeholder states that wantex is commonly used as colorant for fish scales, resulting in rather vivid and plastic-like colors. Through a series of experiment using natural and synthetic colorants, turmeric (yellow), red yeast rice (red), and synthetic food colorant (Brilliant Blue FCF) are most applicable colorants, producing good results on fish scales. Combinations of these three colorants produce many good secondary colors with new and mild gradations and translucency, very potential to be developed for fashion jewelry explorations which use snapper fish scale as the main material.
Key words : colorant, natural, synthetic, fish, scale, snapper
Dari hasil wawancara industri kerajinan sisik ikan Manado, wantex tekstil digunakan sebagai zat pewarna sisik ikan sehingga hasil warna yang didapat cenderung pekat dan seperti plastik. Melalui berbagai uji pewarna alami dan sintetis, kunyit (kuning), angkak (merah) dan pewarna makanan sintetis biru (Biru Brilliant FCF) merupakan pewarna yang paling mudah untuk diaplikasikan dan juga menghasilkan warna yang baik pada sisik ikan. Pencampuran ketiga warna tersebut menghasilkan banyak warna sekunder dengan gradasi dan translusensi sisik ikan yang baru dan berwarna lembut sehingga potensial digunakan untuk eksplorasi perhiasan mode berbahan dasar sisik ikan kakap.
Kata Kunci: pewarna, alami, sintetis, sisik, ikan, kakap
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Heuer, Keely. „Tenacious Tendrils: Replicating Nature in South Italian Vase Painting“. Arts 8, Nr. 2 (06.06.2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts8020071.
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Elaborate floral tendrils are one of the most distinctive iconographic features of South Italian vase painting, the red-figure wares produced by Greek settlers in Magna Graecia and Sicily between ca. 440–300 B.C. They were a particular specialty of Apulian artisans and were later adopted by painters living in Paestum and Etruria. This lush vegetation is a stark contrast to the relatively meager interest of Archaic and Classical Athenian vase painters in mimetically depicting elements of the natural world. First appearing in the work of the Iliupersis Painter around 370 B.C., similar flowering vines appear in other contemporary media ranging from gold jewelry to pebble mosaics, perhaps influenced by the career of Pausias of Sicyon, who is credited in ancient sources with developing the art of flower painting. Through analysis of the types of flora depicted and the figures that inhabit these lush vegetal designs, this paper explores the blossoming tendrils on South Italian vases as an evocation of nature’s regenerative powers in the eschatological beliefs of peoples, Greek and Italic alike, occupying southern Italy.
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Gonçalves, Carlos Alexandre. „Prosody and morphology“. Journal of Speech Sciences 5, Nr. 2 (06.02.2021): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/joss.v5i2.15070.
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This text describes the lower units of the prosodic hierarchy (syllables, moraes and feet) to illustrate how these constituents are used by a branch of Morphology called Prosodic Morphology (McCarthy & Prince, 1986 et seq.). It seeks to present the theoretical principles of this type of approach, as well as the advantages of incorporating aspects of the prosodic structure into the morphological description. This paper focuses mainly on a variety of ways in which morphological systems can use this type of phonological structure and it shows the relevance of syllables, moraes and feet in the description of inflexion and word formation processes in natural languages. Finally, it shows that some Portuguese phenomena, such as clipping ('biju' for „bijuteria‟, “imitation jewelry”; „refri‟ for „refrigerante, “soft drink”) and reduplication ('chororô', “excessive crying”) can be satisfactorily described by this model. The idea of the paper is to show that the prosodymorphology "partnership" worked well, managing to solve a series of problems that had hitherto been unanswered or badly solved in morphological literature.
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Bootkul, Duangkhae, und Sawet Intarasiri. „Development of Glass-Ceramics from Soda Lime Silica Glass Waste by Direct Sintering Method for Opal Imitation“. Key Engineering Materials 751 (August 2017): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.751.397.
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Natural opal, an amorphous, hydrous form of silica (SiO2-n-H2O), has been one of the favored precious gemstones for many centuries. Though beautiful, opal is very fragile and is damaged quite easily. Thus, opals of all varieties have been synthesized experimentally and commercially. The objective of this project was to synthesize and to compare crystalline opals. In this work, the development of powder sintered glass ceramics process based on soda lime silica glass waste with metal oxide powder enable jewelry applications. The substantial viscous flow of the glass led to dense products for rapid treatments at relatively low temperatures (900–1,000°C), whereas glass/metal powder interactions resulted in the formation of color agent crystals, provide enhancing optical properties. Several techniques were applied for characterization of the ingots. The chemical analysis was performed by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF). The mineralogical compositions of the samples were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Raman spectroscopy was applied for optical characterization. The results were compared with a natural common opal. The present investigation demonstrated that the common opal with both color and colorless appearance can be synthesized by the technique, as the crystalline phase of opal structure was identified by XRD measurement. There is a great potential for such materials with novel functionalities for artificial gemstone application, i.e. opal forming.
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Mandala, Ajeng Ayu Nabila, Suhatmini Hardyastuti und Slamet Hartono. „POVERTY AND FOOD SECURITY OF THE FARMER HOUSEHOLDS IN KEDUANG SUBWATERSHED WONOGIRI DISTRICT“. Agro Ekonomi 24, Nr. 2 (30.11.2013): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agroekonomi.17202.
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This study aims to know human assets, natural, physical financial, and social to identify level of poverty and food security in critical and non critical land areas, to analyze factors affecting level of food security, to identify lingkages between poverty and food security. The research was conducted in Keduang Subwatershed Wonogiri District determined purposively covering upstream, widstream, and downstream which describes the land area of critical and non critical. The respondents are 120 farmers, randomly selected woth 20 farmers in each location. The result show that human assets ( age, education, farming experience, numbe r of household), natural ( land area, area assets). Physical (vehicles), financial (savings, jewelry, cuttle), social (solidarity, trust, and cooperation, conflict resolution) in the critical land areas are similar to the non critical, while agricultural equipment in critical land areas lower than then non critical. Poverty in the critical higher than the non critical areas based on criteria Sajogyo, World Bank, Asian Development Bank(ADB), and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), whereas according to the criteria of BPS Wonogiri District in areas of critical and non critical landa not classified as poor. Food security in critical is lower than the non critical areas. Factors affecting food security are education, land area, number of households, food expenditure, non food expenditure. . Poverty and food security are intertwined, percentage of vulnerablewithin non poor households ara found enough high where sometime the vulnerable household be able to change into insecure category if the food supply is not sufficient.
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Bedikian, Sonia A. „The Death of Mourning: From Victorian Crepe to the Little Black Dress“. OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 57, Nr. 1 (August 2008): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.57.1.c.
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Mourning is a natural response to loss. In the late eighteenth century and throughout the nineteenth century, in England and France, the bereaved was expected to follow a complex set of rules, particularly among the upper classes, with women more bound to adhere to these customs than men. Such customs involved wearing heavy, concealing, black costume and the use of black crepe veils. Special black caps and bonnets were worn with these ensembles. Widows were expected to wear these clothes up to four years after their loss to show their grief. Jewelry often made of dark black jet or the hair of the deceased was used. To remove the costume earlier was thought disrespectful to the deceased. Formal mourning culminated during the reign of Queen Victoria. Her prolonged grief over the death of her husband, Prince Albert, had much to do with the practice. During the succeeding Edwardian rule, the fashions began to be more functional and less restrictive, but the dress protocol for men and women, including that for the period of mourning, was still rigidly adhered to. When World War I began, many women joined the workforce. Most widows attempted to maintain the traditional conventions of mourning, but with an increase in the number of casualties, it became impractical for them to interrupt their work in order to observe the seclusion called for by formal mourning etiquette. Never had the code of mourning been less strictly applied than during this period. The mourning outfits of the time were modest and made of practical materials. Little jewelry and few other accessories were used. Certain aspects of traditional mourning were still followed, such as the use of jet beading, crepe trim, and widows' caps. However, the hemlines fell above the ankle, the veil was used to frame the face instead of cover it, and the v-neckline left the chest and neck bare. During the following decades, gradually the rules were relaxed further and it became acceptable for both sexes to dress in dark colors for up to a year after a death in the family.
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Lyubimov, Nikolay Ivanovich. „Mythopoetic image of silver in the philosophical lyrics of Zoya Dudina“. Филология: научные исследования, Nr. 7 (Juli 2021): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2021.7.36066.
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Within the framework of studying the poetics of modern Mari philosophical poetry, this article analyzes the mythopoetic image of silver in the lyrics of Zoya Dudina. Based on the compilation of poems “Kuanyshym, Kuem Ondal...” (joyful to hug a birch tree… (2012), the author determines the semantics and article functions of this image, which represents the philosophical view and perception of the world of the poetess that in a certain way characterizes the lyrical heroine. From such perspective, the lyrics of Zoya Dudina is examines for the first time. The research methodology employs structural-semantic analysis of the literary works, which allowed describing the structural-semantic aspects the image of silver, revealing the authorial concept of the world and man, as well as the character of the lyrical heroine. It is proven that the Mari poetess Zoya Dudina consistently refers to the image of silver in her lyrics. For the poetess, silver is not a precious metal, which attracts people as jewelry, it is a mythopoetic image, the semantics of which is interrelated with the traditional (pagan) culture of the Mari people. Most of the time, this image is depicted within the structure of the natural picture, and reflects the view and perception of the lyrical heroine; it impersonates natural purity, nobility, faithful love, strong friendship, good intentions, unity the of man, nature, and the traditions. It is also underlined that in the mythological context for the lyrical heroine, silver can even resemble the mood.
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Hanafy, Sain. „JILBAB DALAM AL-QUR’AN DAN RELEVANSINYA DENGAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM“. Al-Riwayah: Jurnal Kependidikan 10, Nr. 1 (09.11.2018): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32489/al-riwayah.151.
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This article shows that: the concept of Quran about the veil not only instructs women to wear the hijab, but also to the believing men and women of Muslims to adorn themselves with piety jewelry. The concept of the veil was ordered not to say in a voice seductive, stimulating and provoke lust, stay indoors, not out except in a situation that really needs, not tabarruj, not open-aperture, establish prayers, pay zakat, submit and obey all which Allah recommended to His Apostle to what came to him. The relevance of the concept of Qur'an about the veil with the goal of Islamic education is its compatibility in the formation of human morality that leads to the personality of Islam by always strengthening the faith and piety, so as to be useful human beings for the state, religion and achieve happiness of the world and the hereafter. Vocabulary education is philosophically oriented towards Islamic values based on three dimensions, (a) inculcating a balanced and harmonious relationship with God, (b) establishing a harmonious, harmonious and balanced relationship with the community, (c) developing the ability to explore, managing, and utilizing the natural wealth for the benefit of the welfare of his life with a harmonious attitude.
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Hanafy, Sain. „Jilbab dalam al-Qur’an dan Relevansinya dengan Pendidikan Islam“. Al-Riwayah : Jurnal Kependidikan 10, Nr. 1 (02.04.2018): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47945/al-riwayah.v10i1.142.
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This article shows that: the concept of Quran about the veil not only instructs women to wear the hijab, but also to the believing men and women of Muslims to adorn themselves with piety jewelry. The concept of the veil was ordered not to say in a voice seductive, stimulating and provoke lust, stay indoors, not out except in a situation that really needs, not tabarruj, not open-aperture, establish prayers, pay zakat, submit and obey all which Allah recommended to His Apostle to what came to him. The relevance of the concept of Qur'an about the veil with the goal of Islamic education is its compatibility in the formation of human morality that leads to the personality of Islam by always strengthening the faith and piety, so as to be useful human beings for the state, religion and achieve happiness of the world and the hereafter. Vocabulary education is philosophically oriented towards Islamic values based on three dimensions, (a) inculcating a balanced and harmonious relationship with God, (b) establishing a harmonious, harmonious and balanced relationship with the community, (c) developing the ability to explore, managing, and utilizing the natural wealth for the benefit of the welfare of his life with a harmonious attitude.
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Wongpreedee, Kageeporn, Adiruj Peerawat, Bongkot Phichaikamjornwut und Duangkhae Bootkul. „Lost Wax Casting Conditions with Tourmaline In Situ“. Key Engineering Materials 737 (Juni 2017): 595–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.737.595.
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The technique of stone-in-place casting has been established in jewelry production for three decades. However, the process is not widely used since it is limited to precious stones with high hardness and high stability at high temperature. This experiment tested tourmaline, which is a semi-precious gemstone having less hardness and less stability compared with precious stones. The objective was to achieve the conditions of a lost-wax casting process with tourmaline placed in waxes in the casting process. The experiment was divided into two parts. The first part was to understand the tolerance of tourmaline under the heating conditions. Natural tourmaline stones were investigated and compared inclusions tested at a temperature of 700°C. Tourmaline with ion-implantation was also heated to 700°C for comparison. The second part was to test tourmaline in-place casting with tree conditions of flask casting at 550°C, 625°C, and 700°C. The results showed that stones were able to tolerate as much as at 700°C. The inclusion growth of ion-implantation under heating to 700°C also observed the growth of inclusion in the same way as untreated tourmaline. The casting condition at 550°C showed better results. The highest probability of stones breaking after casting occurred in bezel settings.
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WILDAN, WILDAN, und SUKARDI SUKARDI. „Effectiveness of Ecotourism Sector-Based Economic Strengthening Models for Local Community Entrepreneurial Competencies“. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 11, Nr. 2 (01.05.2020): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v11.2(42).09.
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The economic injustice and the imbalance of natural resources resulting from tourism exploitation requires other alternatives in its management, such as ecotourism. However, this demand can only be realized if from the beginning, the community has been prepared to be a major player in the ecotourism management. The present study aimed at discussing a model of economic empowerment based on leading ecotourism sectors towards the competency of local community entrepreneurs. This study uses a pre-trial procedure by designing a group pretest-posttest. Samples were drawn from the jewelry, cultivation, culinary and souvenir ecotourism product business groups chosen purposively. The data were collected with project-based assessment and the analyzed comparatively. The new model consists of 5 (five) main components, namely: objectives, targets, materials, procedures, and evaluations. The products consist of: community economic improvement guidelines, ecotourism product development modules (crafts, culinary, aquaculture, and souvenirs), business development and marketing modules, and project production guides. The experiment shows that the ecotourism sector-based economic development model has proven to be effective in the formation of local community entrepreneurship competencies in producing ecotourism products. The implication is that it needs support from the policies makers and the importance of the extension of sustainable economy theory in tourism sector in the Indonesian context.
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MIKHAYLOVA, ANNA, und ANDREY MIKHAYLOV. „Innovative technologies in using Baltic amber for wellness“. Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity 12, Special Issue 1 (30.11.2020): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.12.spec.iss1.18.
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Background: The aim is to identify novel methods and demand in using amber and its products in the field of medicine, health preservation and medical tourism. Material and methods: Quantitative and qualitative analysis is done on patents and patent applications indicating the use of natural amber and its derivatives as reflected in the title and/or abstract sections. Data is analyzed by 4 dimensions: temporal, sectoral, territorial, institutional. The study period covers 1975-2020. Data source is the Dimensions patents database. Results: The development of technologies for using or processing amber and its derivatives is characterized by low and unstable patent activity. The majority of patents are generated at the regions with amber deposits. Wellness specialization is found to be an important technology driver, although outperformed by jewelry production and processing technologies. The WIPO plays a significant role in protecting the amber related innovations in wellness. Conclusions: The patenting activity for amber processing technologies is low, including in the field of medicine, health preservation and medical tourism. Cross-border networking between Russia (primarily the Kaliningrad region), Poland, Lithuania, and Germany can positively affect the development of Baltic amber cluster, boosting the demand for high-tech processing of amber and expanding its application in wellness.
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Bukhari, Bukhari, Aulia Rahman und Mufti Riyani. „Variety of Coastal Ornaments in Aceh: Aesthetic Phenomena in the Continuation of History and Culture“. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences 3, Nr. 1 (15.02.2020): 614–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i1.822.
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Focusing on the study of historical artifacts of art found in the Aceh Coastal region, this study seeks to analyze ornamental diversity as an aesthetic phenomenon that has a meaningful relationship with 1. Continuation of history, 2. Links in the search for cultural identity, and 3 Balancing cultural values in Acehnese society . Throughout history, the art of embroidering gold threads, woven silk fabrics, stabbing weapons, jewelry art, and wood carvings have been the hallmark of Aceh beach crafts that in their development consistently used their identity motifs. The intended identity motif is a motif that shows the cosmopolitanism of Aceh regarding pre-Islamic cultural influences and influences originating from friendly countries. The diplomatic relations which brought the influence of Persia and the Moghul dynasty from India occurred at the golden peak of Aceh's art history, especially during the times of Iskandar Muda and Iskandar Thani, although in the end, the clearest artistic trend emerged, namely all Islam. Aceh's design patterns in a stylish form become geometric shapes. The characteristic of decoration in the coastal communities of Aceh is influenced by Arabic concepts, is the development of a sense of beauty that is free from natural myths and is done by developing abstract patterns taken from floral motifs, foliage shaped and polygon shapes as a process of balancing cultural values.
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Cidón, Esther Uña, Christian Perea und Francisco López-Lara. „Life after Breast Cancer: Dealing with Lymphoedema“. Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology 5 (Januar 2011): CMO.S6389. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmo.s6389.
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Background In recent years, breast cancer (BC) mortality rates have declined, reflecting advances in early detection. Prevention and management of treatment sequelae that could impair function or quality of life have increased in relevance. Lymphoedema after BC treatment is one of these sequelae. It is caused by an acquired interruption or damage to the axillary lymphatic system and it is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fluids and other substances in the tissue. Purpose We observed a group of patients with incidents of BC aiming to estimate the lymphoedema incidence, degree, time course, symptoms and treatment they received. Methods and Results We evaluated 127 women. Median age was 58 years. 66% were postmenopausal. The median number of axillary nodes was 9. Over the first five years of follow-up we were informed about hand/arm swelling, thickness or tiredness by 37% of this group. The median of axillary nodes affected by metastatic cells in our patients with lymphoedema was 6. The symptoms they referred to us as the most relevant were heaviness (33%), tiredness (27%), jewelry or clothing too tight (25%), swelling and indentations (9%) and difficulty writing (6%). Several of them had psychological problems. Conclusion We know of the relevance of lymphoedema in BC patients but its natural history and most effective therapies are poorly understood. Self-reported symptoms are relevant to promptly start therapy.
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Muchti, Andina, und Delvi Selvia. „Variasi Leksikal Bahasa Musi di Sungsang“. Diksa : Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 5, Nr. 2 (31.12.2019): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/diksa.v5i2.9974.
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This study aims to describe the lexical variations of the Musi language in Sungsang. This lexical variation can be demonstrated by looking for similarities and differences in Musi language variations in Sungsang. The method used is a qualitative description. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, recording, and recording techniques. Data analysis techniques data checking with data reduction, data transcription, data classification, data interpretation, and conclusions. The results showed that: 1) Swades basic vocabulary there are 20 different words and 20 similarity words, 2) body parts there are 5 differences and 6 similarities, 3) greeting pronouns there are 4 different words and 2 similarity words 4) kinship system there are 3 words differences and 2 words of equality, 5) village and community life there are 7 words of difference and 4 words of equality, 6) house and parts there are 7 words of difference and 5 words of equality, 7) equipment and supplies there are 10 words of difference and 6 words of similarity, 8) food and drinks there are 5 words of difference and 2 words of equality, 9) seasons, natural conditions, natural objects, and directions there are 14 words of difference and 9 words of equality, 10) mannerism and adjectives there are 20 words of difference and 5 words of similarity, 11) clothing and jewelry there are 6 words of difference and 8 words of equality, 12) motion and work there are 20 words of difference and 10 words of equality, and 12) animals there are 6 words of difference and 1 similarity of language Musi, ko sakata that do not experience differences in plant, yard and tree vocabulary. Musi language variations are mostly found in Sungsang I Village with 60 vocabularies, while Musi language equation is more in Sungsang III village with 162 vocabularies.
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Santos, Mónica, Armando Almeida, Catarina Lopes und Tiago Oliveira. „Risco Biológico e/ou Químico eventualmente associado ao uso de adereços pelo Trabalhador (como anéis, alianças, relógios, pulseiras)“. Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional 9 (30.06.2020): S40—S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31252/rpso.04.04.2020.
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Introduction/ background/ objectives There are some manuals of Good Practices, in some professional sectors, that highlight the need to stop use jewelry at work (such as finger rings, watches, bracelets and/ or equivalent), relating to the potentialization of contact with biological agents and/ or chemical. The studies dedicated to this theme are very scarce and all related to health professionals; although, in many other sectors, it is a relevant topic, like in food production, tattooing, preparation of equipment that needs to be sterile and any sector that deals with chemical agents, for example. Methodology It is an Scoping Review, initiated through a research conducted in December 2019 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Effects Review Abstracts, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Record, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina, Scopus and RCAAP ”. Content The use of finger rings decreases efficacy of hand washing, since some bacteria can remain in microscopic irregularities under the ring. In addition, they can tear the protective gloves; even so, the use of this individual protective equipment attenuates the microbial load of the rings. However, some investigators argue that there is no statistical evidence that the use of rings will alter postoperative infraction rates. Those with smooth surfaces, like classic wedding rings, do not appear to be so problematic. As for watches and bracelets, it appears that they do not contribute to a significant increase in the rate of infringement; yet some researchers recommend that they be removed, before hand washing. The use of nail varnish decreases efficacy of hand washing, since some bacteria can remain in the microscopic irregularities of the varnish; however, there is no robust statistical evidence that the use of varnishes alters the rate of postoperative infection. Long nails have a higher microbial load, especially if recovered by irregular varnish (with a few days). In addition, big nails can also increase the likelihood of tearing the glove, whether natural or artificial. So it makes sense that some professionals use them short. Since scientific evidence that correlates hospital infection to the use of artificial jewelry or nails among healthcare professionals is not very robust, the norms at some institutions are in the format of recommendations only. Conclusions Studies are scarce and do not appear to be concordant or robust on several occasions, so it would be useful that Occupational Health teams, from companies with biological and/ or chemical risk, design and carry out studies and, subsequently, publish it to specialty magazines. In doubt, until clear evidence appears, objects such as finger rings, rings, watches and bracelets should be removed before work and hand washing and the size of long/ artificial nails or varnish must be carefully pondered.
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Komliev, A. „THE AMBER BRANCH OF UKRAINE: THE ISSUE OF DEVELOPING THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM“. Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Military-Special Sciences, Nr. 1 (43) (2020): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2217.2020.43.50-56.
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In recent years, one of the brands of Ukraine has been amber. This is important for our country, because in the world thefashion for amber jewelry is preserved for centuries. Amber is constantly studied, all its new natural properties, consumerqualities are opened. Amber and products of its processing are now widely used in medicine, pharmaceuticals, perfumery,machine building, chemical, furniture, food improvement, food industry and agriculture. Worldwide the demand for amber raw materials is rising and so are the prices. Today, the industry is rapidly developing in Ukraine ("amber"), which includes theexploration, extraction and processing of amber. The development of the "amber" industry in Ukraine has caused a wholecomplex of interconnected problems. They (as well as the industry as a whole) are now the object of national security of thecountry. The only integrated national development program is one of them.The legislative basis for the development of the amber sphere is generally present in Ukraine, yet the matter of normativelegalhas not been finalized yet. The main issue in the development of the amber sphere in Ukraine is the limitation of the basis ofraw materials. In spite of the great demand and potentially great stock, Ukraine is not ready to access the world marketsascertain significant income in foreign currency. The broadening of the raw material base in the amber sphere is currentlyongoing in Ukraine by extraction in the already known sources and the opening of new ones. The second way is the strategic onewhich will determine the development of the amber sphere for the years to come. Its basis should be formed by the forecastsearching system of amber, the systematic methodology and comprehensive methods of research.
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Isaienko, Oleksandr. „Creation of content of Kyiv Regional Multimedia Resource «Kyiv: known and unknown» on Wiki platform“. Integrated communications 25242644 (2019): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2524-2644.2019.7.12.
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Students of Borys Grinchenko University of Kyiv in the specialty «Information, Library and Archival Affairs» at the Institute of Journalism had been working in the Information and Analytical Center during 2018-2019 academic year. They launched a creation of content of the regional ethnographic multimedia resource «Kyiv: famous and unknown» on the Wiki platform. It will contain information on the documents, as well as maps, plans and schemes of administrative territories and historic areas at different periods, drawings and photographs that include Kyiv streets, buildings, estates, household items, clothing, jewelry, tools, churches, cultural monuments, works of art etc. The sociocultural tasks of the project include the creation of deep respect for eternal folk, observance and multiplication of unique local traditions of Kyiv; the implication of the attraction to the ancient artistic traditions of Kyiv, the creative and skillful use of the invaluable historical and cultural heritage of Kyiv land in the development of an independent, communal and prosperous Ukraine; detection, protection and popularization of the local natural heritage, material and spiritual culture of Kyiv; delivery of priceless and local lore knowledge about the political, economic, cultural and religious development of Kyiv which is the determining element of Ukrainian nationality and statehood to the future generations. Methodical recommendations for the creation of the content of the Local ethnographic multimedia resource «Kyiv: famous and Unknown» are provided on the Wiki platform. The structure and technical platform of the Project were developed by the Research Laboratory of Informatization of Education in association with the Department of Library Science and Informology of the Institute of Journalism at the Grinchenko University.
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Zhubanova, Zh. „Kazakh ornament: from traditions to the new combinations of shapes in contemporary art“. Pedagogy and Psychology 46, Nr. 1 (31.03.2021): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2021-1.2077-6861.26.
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In the training of specialists in the art education field, it is essential to know the continuity in the evolution of national art. In Kazakh folk art, the semantic content and structuring of ornamental forms and compositions are the result of a long historical development and spiritual experience of the nomadic people. In the decorative and applied art of the people, the mental processes of society are represented. The artist-nomad is a spokesman of the Kazakh nomadic mentality, which is characterized by the originality of spiritual experience and traditions and is formed as a result of the long development of historical eras and periods under the influence of geographical, social, cultural conditions of life. In the Kazakh arts and crafts, a system of expressive means and images has been formed, which reveal the specifics of the nomadic way of life. The ornaments are a historical source that sheds the light on the peculiarities of the beliefs, the way of life of the nomads. The artistic vision of the Kazakh people is manifested both in the forms and in the decorative decoration of the dwelling household items, military equipment, jewelry. In the products of decorative and applied creativity, the artistic picture of the world of their creators is reflected ideas about heavenly bodies, natural phenomena, animal and plant life. Ornament plays a role of a kind of tool for symbolic and sign thinking. A stable system of specific signs and combinations of units is recorded in the Kazakh ornamental language. Craftsmen and contemporary artists, using the language of ornaments as an important visual communication tool, have filled their artworks with non-verbal messages and mental information.
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Triwurjani, Triwurjani. „TRADE DURING PRE-SRIWIJAYA (4th–5th Centuries AD)“. Berkala Arkeologi 31, Nr. 1 (28.05.2011): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30883/jba.v31i1.418.
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Since early century AD until 5th century AD South Sumatra had been inhabited by communities that were composed in solid social integrations in form of local chiefdoms. Researches concluded that in 4th century AD there were settlements of communities in the East coast of Sumatera. It was believed that these communities had made cantacts with India and Chinese traders, as well as with traders from other countries, Karang Agung Site is one of the sites that had been inhabited by humans during the above period. It is located in South Sumatra in the east coast of Sumatra. There are a number of variables that show the importance of this site, they are: its location which was near water (Musi tributary, moats); the existence of boat stake and various artifacts that were assumed to be trade commodities (stone and glass beads, fine-paste pottery, gold jewelry in forms of earrings and rings) and remains of a boat; its location in international trade route. According to Van Leur, one of the two main trade routes in Asia is the “silk road” that covers China, India and up to Europe. It passed through Central Asia, Turkistan, and the Mediterranean Sea, which had contacts with Indian travelers/traders. This paper is made in an attempt to re-emphasize the existence of the site of Karang Agung, which is based on its natural landscape that was a tidal swamp with very limited sources of fresh water. Despite all that, its inhabitants were very advanced in the field of trade. There must have been some factors that forced this area to become the buffer zone in an international trade route between the open seas and the interior areas.
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Herdiyanti, Herdiyanti, Panggio Restu Wilujeng und Putra Pratama Saputra. „The identity of Jerieng community in negotiating culture“. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik 33, Nr. 2 (24.06.2020): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v33i22020.184-191.
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Malay identity is the most dominant cultural identity in Bangka Belitung that still holds their strength of local wisdom even though modernization, afforded by tin mining and palm oil exploration, is emerging around them. One of the original Malay people in Bangka Belitung is the Jerieng community. This study is aimed to identify negotiations on the boundaries of the cultural identity of the Jerieng community in West Bangka Regency. This study used the theory of identity building from Manuel Castells and subculture theory. This study also employs a descriptive qualitative approach intended to describe the common symptoms associated with the distribution of Malay culture in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province, especially the Jerieng community. In this study, ten informants were interviewed, consisting of the six elders and four from the younger generation. The locations of this research were Ibul Village, Pelangas Village, and Kundi Village, West Bangka Regency, which was the Jerieng community area. The study results showed that the Jerieng community had a way of maintaining the cultural identity by maintaining the values and norms of their ancestral heritage and harmony between people, the environment, and the natural environment. Meeting with culture outside made the Jerieng community negotiate their identity to form the construction of surviving, changing, identity, and negotiating cultural identity. The Jerieng community’s identity was still maintained, including a pilgrimage to sacred tombs, mountain alms, circumcision, and language dialects, while the Jerieng community identity has changed, including village charity, traditional clothing, prayer during the Prophet’s birthday, and rituals of spells. Furthermore, the identity of the Jerieng community, including custom clothing and jewelry, language dialects, and the marriage system, is applied through the negotiation process by continuing to carry out some traditions or cultures considered still relevant to people’s lives at this time.
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Ackerley, Bethan. „A natural jewel“. New Scientist 245, Nr. 3270 (Februar 2020): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(20)30405-x.
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Zavalii, Oleksandr Ivanovich. „"Temple complexes" in the religious life of the trypillia community“. Ukrainian Religious Studies, Nr. 92 (03.01.2021): 64–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2020.92.2168.
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In the period 4800-3600 BC. in the eastern part of the Trypillia area arose "giant settlements" or "megasites" / "mega-settlements" (working term of modern archaeologists) with thousands of buildings. In the central parts of these living conglomerates, scientists found special buildings that were recognized as sanctuaries, sacred complexes or temples. In the late period of the Trypillia culture they disappeared. These religious buildings were built with a focus visible processes of celestial bodies and the laws of cyclic rotation of the Earth in space, and included in their internal filling usually cruciform altars, ritual utensils, troughs with graters for the preparation of ritual bread and numerous other ceremonial and religious artifacts. There were also unique finds, such as gold jewelry (an element of prestige) and a perforated clay disk with tockins to it from the space of the Nebelivka Temple. The interior and exterior walls of the Trypillia sacral centers were painted with natural colors with a predominance of red. The wood carving for decoration of elements of a skeleton of a construction was investigated also. The first Temples on the European continent show that even at that time there was a cult of architecture. In general, it is clear that such Trypillia objects of religious worship carried encoded astronomical information in symbolic form. The building itself was oriented with regard to worldsides and designed relative to visible celestial bodies. This indicates that the people of Trypillia had a fairly clear worldview, which allowed them to reach the level of understanding the structure and mechanisms of many natural cyclical processes on Earth. Trypillia cosmology united the celestial and terrestrial spheres, and the Temple was the point of contact of the earth with the visible Universe.
In his work, the author traces the existing analogies in the structure of construction of Trypillia and sacred complexes of the ancient Middle East and biblical ideas about the Tabernacle and the House of the Lord in the ancient Jews, given the fact, that the Trypillia temple building is known from 4,000 years BC. and several thousand years older than the Middle Eastern counterparts. There are also significant parallels in the construction of temples in the context of Indo-European religious heritage.
It is noted that the Temple was not only a metaphysical reflection of the annual cycle with a focus on the points of the equinoxes and solstices, but also had a higher religious function, which consisted in the combination of the terrestrial sphere with the celestial, the connection of man with the mystery of the cosmos.
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Finegold, Andrew. „Vitality Materialized“. Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture 1, Nr. 4 (01.10.2019): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/lavc.2019.140005.
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In ancient Mesoamerica, the human body was regularly adorned with finely crafted ornaments. These were often made of highly valued and symbolically charged materials that manifested a cluster of interrelated ideas connected to creative energies and natural fecundity. Much recent scholarly attention has been given to materials from which Mesoamerican jewelry was made, including their particular qualities, attributes, and place within the Indigenous worldview. This essay takes a complementary approach to such studies by considering the material and ontological implications of the way some ornaments were articulated with the human body: the piercing of the flesh. In addition to creating spaces to accommodate jewels, the perforation of the body was an activity that carried social significance, most notably in the form of auto-sacrificial bloodletting, but also in rituals that accompanied coming-of-age ceremonies and accession rites. It is argued that all such interventions into the human body should be viewed as a continuum of related behaviors and that holes made within the flesh served as a conduit for the flow of life and vitality. Placed within them, ornaments did more than merely indicate the wearer's status. They drew attention toward, alluded to, and made tangible and permanent the vital potency of the somatic voids they occupied and, by extension, the charisma of the bodies that hosted them. RESUMEN En la antigua Mesoamérica, el cuerpo humano estaba adornado regularmente con adornos finamente elaborados. Estos a menudo estaban hechos de materiales altamente valorados y cargados simbólicamente que manifestaban un conjunto de ideas interrelacionadas conectadas a las energías creativas y la fecundidad natural. En recientes trabajos académicos, se ha prestado mucha atención a los materiales a partir de los cuales se diseñaba la joyería mesoamericana, con un enfoque particular en sus cualidades, atributos y función dentro de la cosmovisión indígena. El acercamiento del presente trabajo pretende complementar estos estudios al considerar las implicaciones materiales y ontológicas de la forma en que algunos ornamentos se articularon con el cuerpo humano: la perforación del cuerpo. Además de crear orificios en los que se podían acomodar joyas, la perforación del cuerpo era una actividad que tenía importancia social, especialmente cuando constituía un acto de auto-sacrificio en forma de sangrado, pero también en rituales que acompañaban las ceremonias de la mayoría de edad y los ritos iniciáticos. Se sostiene que todas estas intervenciones en el cuerpo humano deben verse como un continuo de conductas relacionadas y que los agujeros hechos en la carne sirvieron como conductos para el flujo de la vida y la vitalidad. Los adornos que se colocados en los agujeros no solo indicaban el estatus de una persona. Llamaron la atención, aludieron e hicieron tangible y permanente la potencia vital de los vacíos somáticos que ocupaban y, por extensión, el carisma de los cuerpos que los albergaban. RESUMO Na antiga Mesoamérica, o corpo humano era regularmente adornado com ornamentos finamente trabalhados. Estes eram frequentemente feitos de materiais altamente valorizados e simbolicamente carregados que manifestavam um conjunto de idéias interrelacionadas ligadas a energias criativas e fecundidade natural. Uma atenção acadêmica muito recente tem sido dada aos materiais dos quais as jóias mesoamericanas foram feitas, incluindo suas qualidades, atributos e lugares dentro da visão de mundo indígena. Este trabalho faz uma abordagem complementar a esses estudos considerando as implicações materiais e ontológicas da maneira como alguns ornamentos foram articulados com o corpo humano: a perfuração da carne. Além de criar espaços para acomodar jóias, a perfuração do corpo era uma atividade que carregava significado social, mais notavelmente na forma de sangria auto-sacrificial, mas também em rituais que acompanhavam cerimônias de iniciação e ritos de acessão. Argumenta-se que todas essas intervenções no corpo humano devem ser vistas como um continuum de comportamentos relacionados e que buracos feitos dentro da carne serviam como um canal para o fluxo de vida e vitalidade. Colocados dentro deles, os ornamentos faziam mais do que apenas indicar o status do usuário. Eles chamavam a atenção para, aludiam a, e tornavam tangível e permanente a potência vital dos vazios somáticos que ocupavam e, por extensão, o carisma dos corpos que os abrigavam.
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Tri Fitriani P. „Potensi Pasar Rakyat Batuah Kabupaten Banjar Dalam Mendukung Pengembangan Pariwisata Di Kabupaten Banjar, Kalimantan Selatan Tahun 2019“. Jurnal Kebijakan Pembangunan 15, Nr. 1 (15.06.2020): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47441/jkp.v15i1.29.
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the existence of the people's market is currently being eroded by the swift flow of global trade which is realized by the rise of modern retail that is also available around the market, making people switch from buying necessities in the market and replacing them with shopping in the modern market with various facilities. This condition makes people's markets increasingly abandoned so that people's markets inevitably have to change by the times. This paper aims to explore the tourism potential of the Pasar Batuah which is managed by the Regional Company of Bauntung Batuah (PD Pasar Bauntung Batuah). This paper also aims to provide information and recommendations to the Banjar Regency government on several local regulations related to tourism and local market regulations which must be revised. By using an explorative qualitative analysis method in which the writer explores as much information as possible from the source to explore the potential of the Pasar Batuah. Pasar Batuah is a well-known market both at home and abroad because of its commodities such as gold, natural stones, culinary and natural handicrafts. Besides that, the location of the market is integrated with other markets, including the Cahaya Bumi Selamat market (CBS), the Sekumpul Shopping Center (PPS), and also the Culinary Tourism Area (KWK). Pasar Batuah is also close to one of the most well-known religious tourism destinations in South Kalimantan, the Tomb of Guru Sekumpul making this market a potential to be developed and branding as one of the shopping tourism destinations in South Kalimantan. Suggestions for the Banjar district government and PD Pasar Bauntung Batuah are to strengthen the market traders organization by forming a market traders association, establishing a connecting location between the Pasar Bauntung and the CBS by creating a showroom of handicraft of natural stones and jewelry, and making connecting vehicles to get around the lack of land parking.
Keywords: Pasar Rakyat, Pasar Batuah, Tourism potential.
Abstrak
Eksistensi pasar rakyat saat ini mulai tergerus dengan derasnya arus perdagangan global yang diwujudkan dengan maraknya retail modern yang terdapat di sekeliling pasar rakyat sehingga membuat masyarakat beralih dari membeli kebutuhan pokok di pasar dan menggantinya dengan berbelanja di pasar modern dengan berbagai fasilitas. Kondisi ini membuat pasar rakyat semakin ditinggalkan, sehingga pasar rakyat mau tidak mau harus berubah sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman.. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi potensi pariwisata yang dimiliki oleh Pasar Batuah yang dikelola oleh Perusahaan Daerah (PD) Pasar Bauntung Batuah. Tulisan ini juga bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi dan rekomendasi kepada pemerintah Kabupaten Banjar terhadap beberapa Peraturan Daerah (Perda) terkait pariwisata dan pasar rakyat yang sudah harus direvisi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif eksploratif. Pasar Batuah merupakan pasar yang sudah dikenal luas baik di dalam maupun di luar negeri karena komoditas yang diperjualbelikan seperti emas, batu-batuan alam, kuliner dan hasil kerajinan alam. Di samping itu lokasi pasar terintegrasi dengan pasar lainnya termasuk Pasar Cahaya Bumi Selamat, Pusat Pertokoan Sekumpul (PPS) dan juga Kawasan Wisata Kuliner (KWK). Pasar Batuah juga berdekatan dengan salah satu destinasi wisata religi yang sudah cukup terkenal di Kalimantan Selatan yakni Makam Guru Sekumpul menjadikan pasar ini potensial untuk dikembangkan dan di-branding sebagai salah satu destinasi wisata belanja di Kalimantan Selatan. Rekomendasi bagi pemerintah kabupaten Banjar dan PD pasar bauntung batuah adalah memperkuat organisasi pedagang pasar dengan membentuk paguyuban pedagang pasar, membuat lokasi penghubung antara pasar bauntung batuah dengan pasar CBS dengan membuat showroom kerajinan batu-batu alam dan perhiasan, serta membuat kendaraan sambung untuk menyiasati minimnya lahan parkir.
Kata Kunci: Pasar Rakyat, Pasar Batuah, Potensi Pariwisata
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Vlaskin, Mikhail, und Aleksandr Symonenko. „Ritual Deposit of the Sarmatian Age from the Barrow on the Lower Don Basin“. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2020): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.4.10.
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Introduction. In 2007 the archaeological expedition of the State Autonomic Cultural Facility of Rostov Region “The Don Heritage” excavated burial ground Krasny IV in Aksay district of Rostov Region. In the mound of barrow No. 13 a bronze rod-shaped frontlet plate with a hook, a bronze lunula-shaped harness pendant, six bronze bridle roundels, a bone cheek-piece, and iron fragments of the, most likely, bits have been discovered. Methods and materials. In the study the standard methods of archaeological analysis are used: comparative-typological, the method of analogies, chronological, and cartographic ones. The materials are the discovered artifacts. Analysis. According to the conditions of location and composition, the assemblage from barrow No. 13 can be identified as a ritual deposit. Such assemblages are known in special literature as “hoards”, “strange assemblages” or “votive hoards”. They have been found in mounds of barrows or in natural hills without traces of human burials. Usually they consist of cauldrons or situlae (often the rest items are put into them), bridle sets with peculiar frontlet plate with a hook, silver and bronze phalerae, helmets of Western types, weapons (most often spear- and arrowheads), expensive and socially prestigious items (silver and glassware, jewelry). The presence of all these items in the ritual deposit is not necessary. These sites are concentrated in geographically opposite regions: the basins of the Southern Bug, Dniester and Prut and in the east of European Sarmatia – in the AzovDonbass, Don and Kuban basins, the Lower Volga basin and North Caucasus. Results. Close parallels to the frontlet plate, bronze lunula-shaped pendant, and bridle roundels were found in the South Bug basin (Marievka), the Dniester and Prut interfluve (Brãviceni), Romania (Zimnicea), the North Caucasus (Prochnookopskaya, Geymanovsky, Giaginskaya), the Don and Volga interfluve (Kachalinskaya). All of these sites are identified as ritual deposits of the late 2nd – 1st centuries BC. The assemblage from barrow No. 13 should be dated to the same time. The ritual deposits of Eastern Europe could be divided into two chronologically different groups. The sites of the early group (3rd – early 2nd century BC) have appeared in the North Caucasus and concentrated in the North-Western Pontic region. It is assumed that they belong to the Хsaiai, Saudaratai and Thissamatai mentioned in the Olbian decree in honor of Protogenes. The sites of the late group (the late 2nd – 1st centuries BC) in the Northern Pontic Region, the Don basin, the North Caucasus and adjacent territories belong, most likely, to the Sarmatians.
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Zhao, Tinghe, Xuewei Yan, Shuojing Cui und Wei Niu. „The physical and chemical properties of synthetic and natural jadeite for jewellery“. Journal of Materials Science 29, Nr. 6 (März 1994): 1514–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00368918.
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Pradhan, S. S., und A. Sarkar. „Pearl – A Nano-Composite & Natural Super Dielectric“. Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 11 (September 2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbte.11.1.
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Pearl is a bio-originated valuable natural gem and it is also cultivated or harvested for jewellery. In this paper, the material aspects of pearl have been investigated experimentally and it has been found that it has a very high static dielectric constant ~ 105. The functional nature of the material is also established in this work. The beautiful lustre of natural pearl is explained by nano-optics and the layered structure of the material. The origin of super-dielectric nature of pearl has been explained by lightning rod effect (LRE) that causes ultra-high polarization of the dielectric background. The LRE is due to the presence of very small sized nano-particles in the natural pearl. Its electrical conductivity is mostly ionic, only less than 10% of the total conductivity is electronic. The scope of tailoring of its electro-activity has been probed.