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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Natural cooling“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 21. Februar 2023

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1

Sadov, V. V., und N. I. Kapustin. „AUTOMATED INSTALLATION FOR MILK COOLING USING A NATURAL COOLING AGENT“. Vestnik Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, Nr. 11 (2021): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53083/1996-4277-2021-205-11-116-122.

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In the chain from milk production to the sale of dairy products, the process of ensuring the required temperature is the main one. Moreover, to cool the milk, the tempera-ture of the cooling agent should be above milk freezing. Taking into account the fact that the process of cooling and storing milk in a chilled form imposes strict requirements for reliability and quality of management on farms, compressor refrigeration units have been used in recent years despite high energy consumption. Theanalysis of technical solu-tions in this direction by the example of farms of the Altai and Novosibirsk Regions showed that during the greatest boom of the livestock industry, film-tray, spray-cooling tow-er, and pipe and tank installations using natural cooling agents were widely used. Taking into account the climatic features of the area when choosing water cooling units as an intermediate coolant made it possible to significantly reduce energy consumption for milk cooling especially in winter. However, the complexity of controlling the process of preparing the intermediate coolant with unpredictable environmental parameters did not allow for high reliability and quality of manual control. A device for cooling the in-termediate coolant with the main -natural cold in winter with an automatic direct-acting regulator that provides the required operating mode of the cooling unit is proposed. The variants of automatic device operation both when the outdoor air temperature decreases and increases are con-sidered. An automated installation for cooling the interme-diate coolant with natural cold may be recommended both for cattle farms and processing enterprises

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2

Kemp, K. O. „Natural draught cooling towers“. Engineering Structures 19, Nr. 12 (Dezember 1997): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-0296(97)00040-0.

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3

Kozlovtsev, A. P., und G. S. Korovin. „Natural cold milk cooling system“. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 666 (07.12.2019): 012070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/666/1/012070.

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4

Gupta, Vinod. „Natural Cooling Systems of Jaisalmer“. Architectural Science Review 28, Nr. 3 (September 1985): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00038628.1985.9696577.

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5

Fisenko, S. P., A. I. Petruchik und A. D. Solodukhin. „Evaporative cooling of water in a natural draft cooling tower“. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 45, Nr. 23 (November 2002): 4683–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0017-9310(02)00158-8.

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6

Song, Guoqing, Xudong Zhi, Feng Fan, Wei Wang und Peng Wang. „Cooling performance of cylinder-frustum natural draft dry cooling tower“. Applied Thermal Engineering 180 (November 2020): 115797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115797.

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7

Dorokhov, Aleksey S., Dmitriy Yu Pavkin, Vladimir V. Ivanov und Aleksey B. Korshunov. „Energy Saving Milk Cooling Unit Using Natural Cold and Low Temperature Coolants“. Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK, Nr. 3 (20.09.2020): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2020-67-3-3-8.

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Improving the energy efficiency of equipment for dairy farms is one of the most important tasks in the agriculture. A promising direction for further improving the energy efficiency of existing systems is the use of environmentally friendly refrigerants with a low freezing point (low-temperature coolants) and the potential of natural cold directly. One of the technological factors for the introduction of such systems in farms is the cooling of milk without freezing an "ice water", which requires fundamentally new technical solutions. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in increasing the energy efficiency of milk cooling using natural cold and eco-salt for the developed module. (Materials and methods) The technical characteristics of the developed module were studied in order to identify the effectiveness of primary milk cooling due to the potential of outdoor air with the possibility of further implementation of this system in farms. (Results and discussion) The article presents the results of experimental studies of an energy-saving module developed in VIM for milk cooling using natural cold and low-temperature coolants. The module is a pre-cooling unit for milk, where a closed loop with a low-temperature coolant is used instead of ground water, which allows cooling milk through the potential of external air. The article presents the dependence of the efficiency of milk cooling on the configuration of equipment and the potential of natural cold. (Conclusions) The energy efficiency of the developed milk cooling system for the Central Russia allows reducing the electricity consumption for cooling of 1 ton of milk by 15-17 kilowatt-hours, which on average will reduce financial costs by 50 percent. The introduction of a developed energy-saving module to existing cooling systems in dairy farms is proposed.

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Ebrahim, Shikha A., und Emil Pradeep. „Rapid cooling performance of zirconium rods quenched in natural seawater“. Physics of Fluids 34, Nr. 3 (März 2022): 037112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086524.

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The viability of using natural seawater as an effective working coolant to ensure safe and efficient cooling mechanism is a significant study in the Arabian Gulf region. This study investigates transient pool boiling characteristics of natural seawater collected from different locations in the Arabian Gulf coast of Kuwait, compared to the baseline case of distilled water. Seawater samples are collected from prime locations (Shuwaikh, Al Zour, and Doha ports), which are highly capable of accommodating upcoming power plants and nuclear reactors. Extremely heated vertical zirconium rods are quenched in saturated pools at atmospheric pressure. A detailed study of the seawater samples is carried out through semi-quantitative calculation (SQX) results to evaluate the elemental composition, and water quality comparisons are made based on pH, total dissolved solids, and conductivity. The cooling performance is monitored by plotting the quenching and cooling rate curves, and evaluated based on the minimum film boiling temperature ( Tmin) and maximum cooling rate. The results demonstrate an excellent improvement in Tmin and maximum cooling rate by employing natural seawater collected from Al Zour, which is located in the southern part of Kuwait. A minimum of 10% increase in Tmin is depicted by Al Zour seawater. The enhancement is attributed to the salt deposition activity caused by sudden evaporation of seawater on the surface. The salt deposits destabilize the vapor film to promote early vapor film breakage and act as an additional nucleation site to initiate early nucleate boiling, leading to an efficient cooling performance. Seawater collected from Shuwaikh port demonstrates a negative influence on the effective change in Tmin. A detailed examination is carried out on the surface of zirconium samples with the help of wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis and SQX analysis, to identify and evaluate the prime elements responsible for the enhanced cooling performance. This study proves that even though the seawater is collected along the same coast, its characteristics differ when utilizing it in cooling systems.

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9

Knoblauch, Kurt, und A. E. Einert. „NATURAL COOLING OF TALL BEARDED IRIS“. HortScience 25, Nr. 8 (August 1990): 862d—862. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.8.862d.

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Iris rhizomes were dug and graded by size. One hundred rhizomes, avg. wt. 23.4 g., were singly potted in 6 inch plastic standard pots. The pots were plunged, to the pot rim, into fresh sawdust, in an open coldframe. After 4 weeks in the coldframe, and at subsequent two week intervals, pots were brought into a greenhouse for forcing. Half of each group was forced under long day conditions by night break, following a natural daylength. The other half received continuous lighting. Forcing studies were terminated when irises in the field bloomed. Bloom dates were similar under long days and continuous light treatments. The highest percentage of plants bloomed under long days. Stalk heights at anthesis averaged 12 to 18 in. Stalk height decreased as natural cooling time increased in plants under long days, but not under continuous light. Plants with shorter flower stalks also had shorter foliage.

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10

Shin, Jung-Chul. „HWR Shield Cooling Natural Circulation Study“. Journal of Energy Engineering 21, Nr. 3 (30.09.2012): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5855/energy.2012.21.3.221.

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11

Tanimizu, K., und K. Hooman. „Natural draft dry cooling tower modelling“. Heat and Mass Transfer 49, Nr. 2 (18.09.2012): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00231-012-1071-1.

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12

Abd. Aziz, Radhiyah, Nurul Farahin Zamrud und Nurrina Rosli. „Comparison on cooling efficiency of cooling pad materials for evaporative cooling system“. Journal of Modern Manufacturing Systems and Technology 1, Nr. 1 (13.09.2018): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmmst.v1i1.199.

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This research aims to examine on cooling efficiency of different type natural based material as a cooling pad for evaporative cooling system. Efficiency of direct evaporative cooling system mostly depends on the cooling pad and hence, the material used in the cooling pad plays a very vital role. Here, two types of natural based materials (activated carbon foam and luffa pad) were selected to be used as cooling pad. Those materials pad are then fabricated to fit into the evaporative cooling setup. Temperature, and humidity are the most important data in this experimental analysis. The readings of these terms are taken for each type of cooling pad using data logger and also, the further calculations are done based on these readings. The material of the cooling pad and the air flow rate are varied to observe the effect on their cooling efficiency. From the analysis, the ACF cooling pad shows better cooling efficiency compared to that of luffa pad.

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13

Ramiz, Nazila Iskenderova. „COOLING MILK BY NATURAL COOLING ON A FARM IN AZERBAIJANI CONDITIONS.“ Theoretical & Applied Science 93, Nr. 01 (30.01.2021): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/tas.2021.01.93.5.

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14

Ma, L. B., J. X. Ren, F. Q. Li, L. J. Zhang und M. Q. Li. „The discussion on cooling optimization of natural draft wet cooling tower“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 199 (19.12.2018): 032074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/199/3/032074.

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15

Wan, Dawei, Shasha Gao, Minghua Liu, Shuguo Li und Yuanbin Zhao. „Effect of cooling water salinity on the cooling performance of natural draft wet cooling tower“. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 161 (November 2020): 120257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120257.

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16

Bass, Mark, und Rolf R. de Swardt. „Laboratory Heat Transfer Experiments on a 155mm Compound Gun Tube With Full Length Integral Mid-Wall Cooling Channels“. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 128, Nr. 2 (17.01.2006): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2179434.

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A 155 mm compound gun barrel with full-length integral mid-wall cooling channels was manufactured and connected to a purpose built heat exchanger. Laboratory testing of this system was carried out using electrical heating jackets applied to the outer surface of the barrel and an internal electrical chamber heater to heat the barrel as uniformly as possible along its length. A series of tests were then carried out consisting of first heating the barrel to a uniform temperature of approximately 80°C followed by switching on the heat exchanger and monitoring the rate at which the barrel cooled. The purpose of these tests was to determine the optimum cooling characteristics of the system by studying the effect of different coolant flow rates combined with one or both radiators functioning and also the effect of using different cooling fluid solutions. Having derived the optimum flow rate and coolant solution combination a further cooling test was carried out with the heat exchanger configured to these optimum values and with the barrel heaters operating at maximum capacity. Finally a natural cooling test was undertaken where the barrel was uniformly heated to 160°C, the heating jackets removed and the barrel left to cool overnight. The results from these tests prove that natural cooling is dramatically slower than forced mid-wall cooling.

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17

Darbandi, Masoud, Hossein Salemkar, Ali Behrouzifar und Bagher Abrar. „CFD Simulation of Natural Draught Cooling Tower Wind-Covering“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 307 (Februar 2013): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.307.279.

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Past experiences have shown that a local wind can considerably affect the performances of powerplant cooling towers and factory chimneys. In thermal powerplants, the performance of Rankin cycles would reduce if the temperature of its condenser increases. This issue is very important to powerplants located in countries with strong local winds. To remedy the mal-performance of a natural cooling tower in windy conditions, it is required to understand the physics of flow around cooling towers more clearly. One adverse physics is known as the wind covering problem which can drastically affect the natural draught through a cooling tower in windy conditions. In this paper, we focus on wind-covering problem and its adverse impact on a real natural draught cooling tower. Contrary to the past studies, we show that wind can generally affect either positively or negatively in cooling tower performances. Surprisingly, the positive and negative roles can simultaneously occur in most times. In this paper, we use computational fluid dynamics tool to quantify the positive and negative impacts of wind on natural draught flow through dry cooling towers.

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18

Badriev, A. I., und V. N. Sharifullin. „Experimental study of water cooling irregularity in the natural draft cooling tower“. Vestnik IGEU, Nr. 6 (2016): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2016.6.015-020.

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19

Ping, Qi, Qi Diao, Dezhi Qi, Chen Wang und Chuanliang Zhang. „Influence of Two Cooling Methods on Dynamic Mechanical Properties of High Temperature Sandstone“. Shock and Vibration 2021 (17.07.2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2667182.

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To study the influence of different cooling methods on dynamic mechanical properties of high temperature rock, both natural cooling and water cooling were used to cool high temperature (100°C∼1000°C) coal mine sandstone to room temperature (20°C). Basic physical parameters of sandstone were measured, and impact compression tests were carried out by using the SHPB test device. Comparative analysis shows that the volume expansion rate, mass loss rate, density reduction rate, and P-wave velocity reduction rate of sandstone specimens are positively correlated with the temperature in a quadratic function. The deteriorate rate of physical parameters of water cooling sandstone specimens is slightly larger than that of natural cooling. The variation of dynamic stress-strain curves is basically consistent. Compaction stage of water cooling is slightly larger than that of natural cooling. With the increase in temperature, dynamic compressive strength of sandstone specimens first increases, then decreases, and reaches maximum at 300°C. Subsequently, dynamic compressive strength decreases in a quadratic function with the temperature, and dynamic compressive strength of water cooling sandstone specimens is significantly lower than that of natural cooling. The dynamic elastic modulus also first increases and then decreases with the temperature and reaches maximum at 300°C. The dynamic elastic modulus of water cooling sandstone specimens is lower than that of natural cooling, but they are roughly the same at 1000°C. Dynamic strain increases in a quadratic function with the temperature, and dynamic strain of water cooling sandstone specimens is greater than that of natural cooling. The impact failure of sandstone specimens is intensified with the temperature, and the failure degree of water cooling is greater than that of natural cooling.

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20

Zavrazhnov, A. I., A. N. Zazulya, S. M. Vedishchev, S. S. Tolstoshein und S. M. Koltsov. „Investigating natural cooling of piled sugar beet“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 845, Nr. 1 (01.11.2021): 012089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/845/1/012089.

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Abstract The paper examines the processes of natural cooling of a medium-storage pile containing 3,650 tons of sugar beets. Adiabatic cooling and related processes are established to have a predominant effect on reducing the temperature in the pile while in storage. Piled sugar beet is cooled due to some natural water evaporation from the surface of sugar beets, followed by moisture saturation of the outside air. Such cooling leads to an uncontrolled decrease in the quality of beets, which has negative implications during further processing. A formula is presented for calculating post-harvest yield loss in sugar beets piled with one slope being across the prevailing wind.

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Koyama, Taihei, und Akira Ito. „Motor frame structure using natural convection cooling“. Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference 2016 (2016): B112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeted.2016.b112.

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22

Erbacher, Franz-Josef, und Hans-Joachim Neitzel. „Passive Containment Cooling by Natural Air Convection“. Nuclear Technology 111, Nr. 3 (September 1995): 386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nt95-a15868.

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23

Bejan, Adrian. „Optimal Internal Structure of Volumes Cooled by Single-Phase Forced and Natural Convection“. Journal of Electronic Packaging 125, Nr. 2 (01.06.2003): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1566970.

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This article is a principle-based review of a growing body of fundamental research that documents the opportunity for optimizing geometrically the cooling of spaces (e.g., electronics packages) that generate heat volumetrically. The chief result of geometric optimization is the identification of an optimal internal structure—optimal spacings between components (e.g., plates and fins), optimal sizes and aspect ratios for cooling channels, and optimal frequencies for pulsating flows. The origin of these optimal geometric features—the construction of the system—lies in the global effort to use every infinitesimal volume to the maximum, i.e., to pack the volume not only with the most heat generating components, but also with the ‘most’ coolant, in such a way that every fluid packet is engaged effectively in cooling. The optimal aspect ratio for ducts with forced and natural convection corresponds to the special geometry and flow conditions where boundary layers meet just as the coolant exits the channel. This “constructal” design principle is illustrated by several classes of examples: laminar forced and natural convection, and various internal arrangements (parallel plates, staggered plates, cylinders in cross flow, square pins with impinging flow). General trends (scaling laws) of optimal geometric form are revealed by the optimal-structure results, this, in spite of the diversity of the optimized configurations.

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Harish Sagar, M., Mehar Babu, S. S. Umesh und D. S. Ananda. „Numerical Study on V Shaped Natural Draft Cooling Tower Supporting System“. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1255, Nr. 1 (01.09.2022): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1255/1/012007.

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Abstract Cooling towers generally used to extract waste heat to the atmosphere from cooling water stream to a lower temperature and hence it rejects heat from water. The size of the cooling tower is large, with thin wall and complex geometry. Wind load plays a dominant role in the design of cooling tower. These cooling towers are subjected to self-weight and dynamic loads such as wind and earthquake. This paper presents the study of cooling tower of height 200m above the ground level. The Analysis of a cooling tower is done for a wind load using a finite element analysis considering V frame shell base supporting system. The analysis is performed in Commercial software STAAD PRO and the results obtained are presented in this paper.

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Zhang, Minglei, Runde Qiu, Lei Yang und Yuting Su. „Experimental Research on Mechanical Properties of High-Temperature Sandstone with Different Cooling Methods“. Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (15.09.2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8879760.

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Various tests including the longitudinal wave velocity tests and uniaxial compression tests have been conducted to evaluate the impact of cooling methods (including natural cooling, water cooling, and cooling by liquid carbon dioxide) on mechanical properties of sandstone under the natural status and high temperature. The acoustic emission signals were also monitored during the tests. According to the tests conducted, the sandstone sample density attenuation rate and the longitudinal wave velocity attenuation rate are higher than those of the specimen under natural status while the uniaxial compressive strength and Young’s modulus are lower. Comparing with the sandstone under the natural status, the compression sections of the stress-strain curves of the high-temperature sandstone samples treated by three cooling methods are longer with lower strain peak values. The order of the acoustic emission is revealed as follows: the sample cooled by liquid carbon dioxide < the sample cooled by water < sample cooled naturally < the sample under natural status, which suggests that the rapid cooling (cooled by liquid carbon dioxide) produces the severest damage on the sample, followed by the water cooling and natural cooling methods. In addition, the relationship between the sample strength weakening coefficient and the cooling rate is defined based on the statistical data of the cooling time of the high-temperature specimen under the three cooling methods.

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Zheng, Shui Hua, Tai Jin und Jian Ren Fan. „Numerical Study of Natural Draft Wet Cooling Tower“. Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 3191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.3191.

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Natural draft wet cooling tower is one of key equipments in thermal power stations, and its thermal performance influences the efficiency of total thermal system. Based on the heat and mass transfer theory and characteristics of the FLUENT software, a three-dimensional numerical simulation platform had been developed to simulate the thermal performance in a natural draft wet cooling tower. This platform was used to study the heat exchange and flow situation of a typical hyperbolic natural draft wet cooling tower. Comparing and analyzing the results of simulation and design calculation, it indicate that there is good computational accuracy of the three-dimensional numerical simulation platform, and the platform can provide a good support for the design and research of natural draft wet cooling tower.

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Magnusková, Jana, Simona Matušková, Jana Bartoňová und Zdeněk Pavelek. „Problems of Cooling Sealed Fire Areas in Underground Coal Mines / Vybrané Technologie Ochlazování Prostorově Uzavřených Požářišt̆ V Hlubinných Uhelných Dolech“. GeoScience Engineering 57, Nr. 3 (01.09.2011): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gse-2014-0028.

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Abstract In current mining practice, the most often used methods of cooling spatially sealed fire areas are: natural cooling, cooling by nitrogen, cooling by water and inert foam and cooling by combustion product recirculation. The technology of cooling with nitrogen represents two variants - the use of liquid nitrogen or nitrogen gas in the area of closed mine workings. From a technical and safety points of view the application of liquid nitrogen is today considered unsatisfactory, while the use of nitrogen gas seams to be highly safe technology for cooling explosion-proof sealed fire areas. Another possibility for cooling fire areas in deep coal mines is so-called natural cooling, where economical costs are indeed zero, but comparing to cooling processes induced by the application of cooling technologies a longer time period necessary for the natural refrigeration of fire areas causes financial losses.

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Song, Hua, Shan Hu Tong, Juan Juan Jiang, Hao Jia, Si Yu Yuan, He Liu, Fa Bo Lian und Kui Xing Li. „Bending Deformation of U75V Heavy Rail through Natural Cooling Process“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 190-191 (Juli 2012): 1244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.190-191.1244.

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The cooling process of heavy rail is the important step to the output, that the preflexed rail is cooled on the stepping-type cold bed which has been carried by the chain transmission device. We employed the finite element method to analyze the bending deformation of the U75V rail through natural cooling process, the effected factors including the rail side-laying on the cold bed, the latent heat of phase change, and the thermal radiation are considered in the analysis. In the paper, we discussed the establishment of the heavy rail cooling model, the cooling parameters and the boundary condition, and emphatically analyzed the rail bending deformation changes and its principles through the cooling process. The study of the hundred-meter high speed heavy rail can provide the theoretical foundation and reference value to the formulation of cooling technical parameters and preflex technical schedule.

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Liu, Thomas Jin-Chee, Yu-Shen Chen, Hsi-Yang Ho und Jyun-Ting Liu. „Vibration and cooling performances of piezoelectric cooling fan: numerical and experimental investigations“. MATEC Web of Conferences 306 (2020): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030604002.

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In this paper, the vibration and cooling performances of the piezoelectric cooling fan are studied. The finite element and experimental methods are adopted for the analyses. The natural frequency, mode shape, flapping amplitude, and cooling performance are discussed for the primary design. The numerical results have good agreement with the experimental measurements. For the cooling purpose, the piezoelectric cooling fan has to work under the natural frequency. The aspect ratio 2:3 is the optimal geometry of the fan blade.

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Bielek, Boris. „Strategy for Cooling Green Buildings“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 820 (Januar 2016): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.820.105.

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Green building and its strategic areas for conservation or the rational use of material, energy and water resources. Fundamentals of cooling and basic strategies for cooling green building. Wide range of passive forms of building cooling based on the utilization of natural physical phenomena and renewable energy. Cooling by cross-ventilation. Cooling by stack ventilation. Earth tube cooling. Cooling by earth sheltering. Cooling by night ventilation with thermal mass. Cooling by sun shading system. Cooling through physical cavity of building. Cooling the building with energy from renewable sources – solar cooling systems, heat pumps using the energy of natural environment, well water direct cooling systems.

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LIVERMORE, S. R., und A. W. WOODS. „On the effect of distributed cooling in natural ventilation“. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 600 (26.03.2008): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112007009809.

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We examine the natural ventilation flows which develop when a low-level heat source interacts with a distributed zone of cooling at high level in an enclosed space. We develop some new analogue laboratory experiments in which we use a saline plume to model a localized heat source and a heated plate to model a distributed source of cooling. The experiments show that in a building with a low-level point source of heating, a two-layer steady stratification develops in which the depth of the lower layer decreases as the intensity of the cooling at the ceiling increases. We develop a theoretical model which accounts for the penetrative entrainment across the interface associated with the convection in the upper layer. We show that this becomes more dominant as the cooling increases and eventually the room becomes well-mixed. We discuss the role of such distributed cooling on the design of natural ventilation and its ability to provide sufficient flow and adequate temperature control.

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Tsoy, Alexandr, Alexandr Granovskiy, Diana Tsoy und Dmitriy Koretskiy. „Cooling capacity of experimental system with natural refrigerant circulation and condenser radiative cooling“. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, Nr. 8 (116) (30.04.2022): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.253651.

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The surface of the Earth is a source of radiation of thermal energy, which, passing through the atmosphere, is partially absorbed while the bulk of the energy is released into the surrounding outer space. A cooling technique based on this physical phenomenon is known as radiative cooling (RC). It is possible to reduce the consumption of electricity for cooling, as well as to reduce capital costs, by integrating the unit with radiative cooling directly into the circulation circuit of the refrigerant of the refrigeration machine. An experimental refrigeration system has been designed, in which in the cold periods of the year the removal of heat from the cooled object is carried out due to the mode of natural circulation of the refrigerant from the evaporator to the heat exchanger, cooled by radiative cooling. A refrigeration system with natural circulation and radiative cooling of the refrigerant R134a was experimentally studied during the autumn period in Almaty. The experimental study established that the chamber is cooled with the help of the examined system while the temperature in the cooled volume is maintained by 5...7 K above ambient air temperature at night. The dependence of the air temperature in the refrigerating chamber on the temperature of the atmospheric air has been determined. A procedure for assessing the cooling capacity of the system has been devised. The study reported here demonstrated the possibility of using radiative cooling to remove heat under the mode of natural circulation of the refrigerant. The refrigeration system reduces energy consumption in the cold seasons by diverting heat to the environment without the compressor operating

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Cai, Wen, Jin Lu, Lin Guo Chen, Wen Chen, Zhong-hai Wan und Tao Yan. „Evaluation and Verification Method of Cooling Capacity of Counterflow Natural Ventilation Cooling Tower“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 295 (25.07.2019): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/295/2/012051.

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Jo, Daeseong, Suki Park, Jonghark Park, Heetaek Chae und Byungchul Lee. „Cooling capacity of plate type research reactors during the natural convective cooling mode“. Progress in Nuclear Energy 56 (April 2012): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2011.12.018.

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Maerefat, M., und A. P. Haghighi. „Natural cooling of stand-alone houses using solar chimney and evaporative cooling cavity“. Renewable Energy 35, Nr. 9 (September 2010): 2040–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2010.02.005.

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Chen, Xuehong, Fengzhong Sun, Youliang Chen und Ming Gao. „Novel method for improving the cooling performance of natural draft wet cooling towers“. Applied Thermal Engineering 147 (Januar 2019): 562–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.10.076.

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Martín, Mariano, und Mónica Martín. „Cooling limitations in power plants: Optimal multiperiod design of natural draft cooling towers“. Energy 135 (September 2017): 625–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.06.171.

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Kaunde, O. K. „Modeling of a Spray Assisted Natural Draft Cooling Tower“. Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 31, Nr. 1 (30.06.2008): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v31i1.423.

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Cooling towers are one of the largest heat and mass transfer devices that are in common use. A novel type of cooling tower has been proposed in which air flow rate into the tower is drawn by ejector action of sprays instead of fans as is done in conventional mechanical forced or induced draft cooling towers. This novel design offers the potential of savingthe energy cost for driving the fan. The paper presents mathematical models for momentum transfer which is the driving force causing the entrainment of air. Also the heat transfer model for co-current flow of liquid and gas in the tower has been presented. The liquid to gas ratio tend to decrease as liquid rate increases. The ratio attained in the experimentallaboratory tower was 3.3, correspondingly the Momentum transfer efficiency for the tower was 60% and was the highest. Experiments for cooling water initially at 45 o C to final water temperature 27 o C showed that the cooling tower efficiency was 54% and number of transfer unit 0.8.

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Yu, Guang, und Boyang Yu. „The Effect of the Cooling Process on the Crystalline Morphology and Dielectric Properties of Polythene“. Materials 13, Nr. 12 (20.06.2020): 2791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13122791.

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In this study, LDPE samples were prepared by melt blending with different cooling processes, which were natural air cooling, rapid air cooling, water cooling and oil cooling, respectively. According to polarization microscope (PLM) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) tests of these four low-density polyethylene (LDPE) samples, the effect of different cooling processes on polythene crystalline morphology could be studied. According to conductivity, dielectric frequency spectra and space charge tests, the effect of crystalline morphology on dielectric macroscopic properties could be explored. The microstructure characteristic results indicated the cooling medium significantly affected polythene crystalline morphology. When the samples were produced with natural air cooling, the crystalline grain size was large. On the other hand, after rapid air cooling, water cooling and oil cooling processes, the samples’ crystalline grain dispersed uniformly, and the grain sizes were lower. The space charge testing results indicate the samples produced with water cooling and oil cooling processes restrained the electrode injection in the process of pressurization. During short-circuits, the rates of charge release of these two samples were fast, and the remaining space charges were fewer. The conductivity and dielectric frequency spectra testing results indicated the conductivities of samples produced with water cooling and oil cooling processes were both less than those of samples produced with a natural air cooling process. Besides, with increasing experimental frequency, the relative dielectric constants of all testing samples decreased. Among them, the relative dielectric constant of the LDPE sample with the natural air cooling process was the largest. However, the crystalline structures of samples produced with rapid air cooling and water cooling processes were close, which restrained the movement of polymer macromolecule chains. Thus, the dielectric constants were lower. Additionally, because of the influence of relaxation polarization and dipole polarization, the dielectric losses of LDPE with water cooling and oil cooling processes increased to varying degrees.

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Zhang, Ming, und Heng Le Wang. „Construction Simulation and Construction Speed Analysis of Natural Draft Cooling Towers“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 3559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.3559.

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Using the finite element code ABAQUS and taking account of the wind load reduction, this paper presents a set of construction simulation methods of concrete cooling towers. A natural draft cooling tower at Taishan nuclear power station in Guangdong province, China, under three speeds of construction is simulated. Displacement and stress distributions of the cooling tower in the different construction stages are obtained. Some interested parts of the cooling tower are analyzed in detail and the variations of displacements and stresses of these parts with the construction are concluded. A comparative study of the influence of construction speed on displacements and stresses is performed as well. The analyses and proposals of this paper may be used as reference to the cooling tower design and construction.

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Kitamura, Yoji, und Masaru Ishizuka. „Chimney Effect on Natural Air Cooling of Electronic Equipment Under Inclination“. Journal of Electronic Packaging 126, Nr. 4 (01.12.2004): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1827256.

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With the rapid increase of the power dissipation density in modern electronic equipment, the cooling design of electronic equipment becomes increasingly important. For widely used forced-convection air-cooled systems, the reliability of and the acoustic noise of the fan present serious concerns as the air velocity is increased to enhance the cooling capacity. Thus, the interest in natural-convection air cooling is growing to take advantage of low noise and energy savings inherent in that cooling mode. One method of promoting the capacity of natural air cooling is to incline the electronics casing, thereby, induce draft air by what is called the chimney effect. However, the effect of inclination on thermal behavior and cooling capacity has not yet been fully understood due to the involvement of many parameters in driving the draft air. This paper presents the results of experimental and numerical studies on the effect of casing inclination on the temperature rise across the casing. The numerical simulation was implemented to find out the thermal behavior inside a thin electronic casing. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experiment data. A thermal design guide is obtained regarding how the cooling effect is improved by increasing the inclination angle.

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Ran, Shuyuan. „Review on research of water saving for natural ventilation cooling tower“. E3S Web of Conferences 283 (2021): 01020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128301020.

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Thermal power plant is one of the eight high water consumption industries in China, and circulating cooling water is the largest water consumption project. Under the increasingly severe situation of water resources in China, measures must be taken to reduce the evaporation loss, wind blowing loss and pollution discharge loss of natural ventilation cooling tower. Based on the comprehensive summary of water-saving technology of natural ventilation cooling tower, we compared the advantages and disadvantages of various technologies to provide a basis for water-saving transformation of cooling tower.

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TAKADA, Shoji, Atsushi SHIMIZU, Makoto KONDO, Yosuke SHIMAZAKI, Masanori SHINOHARA, Tomokazu SEKI, Daisuke TOCHIO, Kazuhiko IIGAKI, Shigeaki NAKAGAWA und Kazuhiro SAWA. „ICONE23-1636 Investigation of Characteristics of Natural Circulation of Water in Vessel Cooling System in Loss of Core Cooling Test without Nuclear Heating“. Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2015.23 (2015): _ICONE23–1—_ICONE23–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2015.23._icone23-1_309.

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O, Mairura Edward, Johana Sigey K, Jeconiah Okello A und James Okwoyo M. „Natural Convection with Localized Heating and Cooling on Opposite Vertical Walls in an Enclosure“. SIJ Transactions on Computer Networks & Communication Engineering 01, Nr. 04 (17.10.2013): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/sijcnce/v1i4/0104510101.

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Chan, Sarin, Takenobu Takashi, Haruki Sato und Aryadi Suwono. „424 FEASIBILITY STUDY ON THE EJECTOR-BASED COOLING SYSTEM USING NATURAL REFRIGERANTS(International Session)“. Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering 2008.18 (2008): 393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeenv.2008.18.393.

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Jiracheewanun, Sujin, Steve Armfield und Masud Behnia. „Combined natural convection cooling of a drink can“. ANZIAM Journal 51 (03.05.2011): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21914/anziamj.v52i0.2890.

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Salem, Mohamed, Mohamed ElSayed, Mohamed Salah und Mohamed Ashraf. „Proposed Modeling of Natural Convection Cooling Heat Pipe“. Journal of Nuclear Technology in Applied Science 10, Nr. 1 (01.01.2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jntas.2022.112703.1046.

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Trevino, C., E. Luna, F. Mendez und F. J. Higuera. „Natural Convective Conjugate Cooling Mechanism in Vertical Fins“. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 17, Nr. 3 (Juli 2003): 396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.6781.

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Li, Wuquan, Jingyu Chai und Jingwei Zheng. „Investigation of Natural Draft Cooling Tower in China“. Heat Transfer Engineering 38, Nr. 11-12 (13.09.2016): 1101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01457632.2016.1217054.

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Lin, Wenxian, und S. W. Armfield. „Natural convection cooling of rectangular and cylindrical containers“. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 22, Nr. 1 (Februar 2001): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-727x(00)00065-5.

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