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1
Wescott, Geoffrey Charles. „Australia's Distinctive National Parks System“. Environmental Conservation 18, Nr. 4 (1991): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290002258x.
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Australia possesses a distinctive national parks and conservation reserves system, in which it is the State Governments rather than the Federal Government which owns, plans, and manages, national parks and other conservation reserves.Most Australian States declared their first national parks in the latter quarter of last century, Australia's first national park being declared in New South Wales in March 1879. These critical declarations were followed by a slow accumulation of parks and reserves through to 1968. The pace of acquisition then quickened dramatically with an eight-fold expansion in the total area of national parks between 1968 and 1990, at an average rate of over 750,000 ha per annum. The present Australian system contains 530 national parks covering 20.18 million hectares or 2.6% of the land-mass. A further 28.3 million hectares is protected in other parks and conservation reserves. In terms of the percentage of their land-mass now in national parks, the leading States are Tasmania (12.8%) and Victoria (10.0%), with Western Australia (1.9%) and Queensland (2.1%) trailing far behind, and New South Wales (3.92%) and South Australia (3.1%) lying between.The Australian system is also compared with the Canadian and USA systems. All three are countries of widely comparable cultures that have national parks covering similar percentage areas, but Canada and the USA have far fewer national parks than Australia and they are in general of much greater size. In addition, Canada and the USA ‘resource’ these parks far better than the Australians do theirs. The paper concludes that Australia needs to rationalize its current system by introducing direct funding, by the Federal Government, of national park management, and duly examining the whole system of reserves from a national rather than States' viewpoint.
2
F. Recher, Harry. „WildCountry“. Pacific Conservation Biology 8, Nr. 4 (2002): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc030221.
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REGARDLESS of the merits and values of individual national parks and nature reserves, Australia's conservation reserves do not ensure the survival of the continent's biota. There are many reasons for this. Reserves, even the largest, are too small and vulnerable to broad area disturbance. Consider that, in January 2003, fires burnt more than two-thirds of Kosciuszko National Park, which at 690 000 ha is the largest park in New South Wales and one of the largest in Australia. This shows how even the largest conservation reserves are at risk of catastrophic disturbance. The much smaller Nadgee Nature Reserve (21 000 ha) in southeastern New South Wales has burnt almost in its entirety twice in the 35 years I have worked there. The Nadgee fires and those in Kosciuszko were started by lightning and were the result of prolonged drought, events common across the continent. When small size is coupled with isolation, the long-term survival of populations and the exchange of propagules within the reserve system becomes problematical. Small size and isolation do not leave much scope for plants and animals to adapt to long-term climate change, either through dispersal or by evolution. Even reserving 10 or 15% of land for nature conservation, as recommended by some international conservation agencies, will be inadequate; a target of 30% would have better ecological credentials, but even this could prove inadequate unless the nature conservation reserve system was designed to allow for long-term evolutionary change, which it is not (see Archer 2002; Recher 2002a,b).
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Morozow, O. „ACCESS TO LAND FOR EXPLORATION — THE ADOPTION OF MULTIPLE LAND USE PRINCIPLES IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA“. APPEA Journal 28, Nr. 1 (1988): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj87025.
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The continued access to land for exploration by the petroleum and mineral industries in Australia has been increasingly impeded by State and Commonwealth legislation aimed at dedicating Crown Land for single land uses.In September 1986, South Australia's Minister for Mines and Energy, Ron Payne, announced a Cabinet decision for 'a package of recommendations designed to foster multiple land-use concepts and to ensure that no land is alienated from exploration without careful consideration of the sub-surface mineral/petroleum potential, relevant economic factors and the existing and potential sub-surface rights'.In this one innovative and potentially far-reaching move, the South Australian Government has:provided a framework to reconcile conflicting interests;indicated a willingness to listen and act upon the expressed legitimate concerns of industries of vital economic importance to the State;made it necessary for the proponents of reserve areas such as National Parks to be more accountable and to provide balanced, scientific substantiation;indicated its intention to make legislative changes to allow for the adoption of multiple land-use principles; andredressed the imbalance where, in the words of the Minister, 'Legislation providing for Aboriginal land rights, the creation of national and conservation parks, and State Government heritage areas have, to varying degrees, created unforeseen consequences for the resources industry'.The first practical test of this new Government policy is the proposed declaration of the Innamincka Regional Reserve, currently a 14 000 sq km pastoral lease within some of the most productive areas of PELs 5 & 6 held jointly by Santos Ltd. and Delhi Petroleum Pty. Ltd.It is intended that this new form of reserve will allow for the protection of specific areas of environmental sensitivity and of cultural, scientific and historic value, while still allowing for the continuation of pastoral, tourist and petroleum exploration/ production activity within the major part of the reserve area.
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Jacobs, Brent, Louise Boronyak und Polly Mitchell. „Application of Risk-Based, Adaptive Pathways to Climate Adaptation Planning for Public Conservation Areas in NSW, Australia“. Climate 7, Nr. 4 (19.04.2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli7040058.
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Globally, areas of high-quality wildlife habitat of significant environmental value are at risk of permanent damage from climate change. These areas represent social-ecological systems that will require increasing management intervention to maintain their biological and socio-cultural values. Managers of protected areas have begun to recognize the inevitability of ecosystem change and the need to embrace dynamic approaches to intervention. However, significant uncertainty remains about the onset and severity of some impacts, which makes planning difficult. For Indigenous communities, there are intrinsic links between cultural heritage and the conservation of place and biodiversity that need to be better integrated in protected area planning and management. In New South Wales, Australia, management of public conservation reserves and national parks is the responsibility of a State government agency, the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS). This paper describes the outcomes of a participatory planning process with NPWS staff to, firstly, identify the options available, the available ‘tool kit’, to manage biodiversity and cultural heritage in protected areas; secondly, explore how the selection of management actions from the ‘tool kit’ is associated with the level of climate risk to biodiversity or cultural heritage assets; and thirdly, to understand how the form of individual management actions might adapt to changes in climate risk. Combining these three elements into a series of risk-based, adaptive pathways for conservation of biodiversity and cultural heritage is a novel approach that is currently supporting place-based planning for public conservation areas. Incorporation of the trade-offs and synergies in seeking to effectively manage these discrete but related types of values and the implications for conservation practice are discussed.
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Comer, S., L. Clausen, S. Cowen, J. Pinder, A. Thomas, A. H. Burbidge, C. Tiller, D. Algar und P. Speldewinde. „Integrating feral cat (Felis catus) control into landscape-scale introduced predator management to improve conservation prospects for threatened fauna: a case study from the south coast of Western Australia“. Wildlife Research 47, Nr. 8 (2020): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19217.
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Abstract ContextFeral cat predation has had a significant impact on native Australian fauna in the past 200 years. In the early 2000s, population monitoring of the western ground parrot showed a dramatic decline from the pre-2000 range, with one of three meta-populations declining to very low levels and a second becoming locally extinct. We review 8 years of integrated introduced predator control, which trialled the incorporation of the feral cat bait Eradicat® into existing fox baiting programs. AimsTo test the efficacy of integrating feral cat control into an existing introduced predator control program in an adaptive management framework conducted in response to the decline of native species. The objective was to protect the remaining western ground parrot populations and other threatened fauna on the south coast of Western Australia. MethodsA landscape-scale feral cat and fox baiting program was delivered across south coast reserves that were occupied by western ground parrots in the early 2000s. Up to 500000ha of national parks and natures reserves were baited per annum. Monitoring was established to evaluate both the efficacy of landscape-scale baiting in management of feral cat populations, and the response of several native fauna species, including the western ground parrot, to an integrated introduced predator control program. Key resultsOn average, 28% of radio-collared feral cats died from Eradicat® baiting each year, over a 5-year period. The results varied from 0% to 62% between years. Changes in site occupancy by feral cats, as measured by detection on camera traps, was also variable, with significant declines detected after baiting in some years and sites. Trends in populations of native fauna, including the western ground parrot and chuditch, showed positive responses to integrated control of foxes and cats. ImplicationsLandscape-scale baiting of feral cats in ecosystems on the south coast of Western Australia had varying success when measured by direct knockdown of cats and site occupancy as determined by camera trapping; however, native species appeared to respond favourably to integrated predator control. For the protection of native species, we recommend ongoing baiting for both foxes and feral cats, complemented by post-bait trapping of feral cats. We advocate monitoring baiting efficacy in a well designed adaptive management framework to deliver long-term recovery of threatened species that have been impacted by cats.
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Russell, Benjamin G., Mike Letnic und Peter J. S. Fleming. „Managing feral goat impacts by manipulating their access to water in the rangelands“. Rangeland Journal 33, Nr. 2 (2011): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj10070.
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Feral goats are a significant threat to biodiversity in Australia. However, goats are also harvested by some landholders for commercial benefit and this can lead to disagreements regarding control techniques. In the rangelands of New South Wales, feral goat distribution is closely linked to artificial watering points (AWP) such as tanks and bores. Previous surveys indicated that goat activity was rare more than 4 km from water. We hypothesised that constructing sections of goat-proof fencing in areas where goats were feeding on National Parks but watering on neighbouring properties, such that they had to travel more than 4 km from the AWP to access the park, would result in a significant decrease in goat abundance in these areas. We tested this hypothesis in Paroo-Darling National Park, Gundabooka State Conservation Area and Gundabooka National Park using changes in index (fresh goat dung groups per 100-m transect). We also measured kangaroo dung and ground cover index changes. Twelve months after the fences were constructed, goat dung significantly declined compared with non-treatment areas and the relationship between distance to water and goat dung broke down at the treatment sites. Kangaroo indices were not affected by the fences. The results for bare ground were the same as for goat dung, with significantly less bare ground and a breakdown in the relationship with distance to water at the treatment sites after the fences were constructed, but this was due to a corresponding increase in litter rather than live vegetation. This technique can be a significant tool for protecting biodiversity from feral goats, without removing the potential for neighbouring landholders to harvest the goats. If strategically used to create zones free of resident goats around the boundaries of conservation reserves, it should increase the effectiveness of other techniques such as trapping, mustering and shooting, by reducing post-control reinvasion. Recognition of access to water as an important management tool should substantially improve our management of feral goats in the rangelands.
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Carr, W. M. B., und F. Batini. „Exploration and Mining in National Parks and Conservation Reserves in Western Australia“. Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1993, Nr. 1 (1993): 505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr93010505.
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Carr, William M. B., und Frank E. Batini. „EXPLORATION AND MINING IN NATIONAL PARKS AND CONSERVATiON RESERVES IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA“. Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1993, Nr. 2 (1993): 504–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr93020505.
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Mordi, A. Richard. „The Future of Animal Wildlife and Its Habitat in Botswana“. Environmental Conservation 16, Nr. 2 (1989): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900008924.
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To conserve its wildlife, Botswana has set aside more than 17% of its total land area as game reserves, national parks, and wildlife management areas. Despite this generous allocation to wildlife, the fauna of the country is declining in both absolute numbers and species diversity. Lack of permanent water-sources in some game reserves, obstruction of fauna migration routes by cattle fences, and a poorly-developed tourist industry, are partly responsible for this decline.In a developing country such as Botswana, tourism should yield sufficient funds for the maintenance of game reserves and national parks. But currently the tourist industry accounts for less than 2% of the gross national product. Unless the industry is encouraged to flourish and expand into dormant reserves such as the Gemsbok National Park and Mabuasehube Game Reserve, animals in those sanctuaries are likely to be driven by drought into South Africa.
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Streimann, Heinar. „Conservation Status of Bryophytes in Eastern Australia“. Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 9, Nr. 1 (31.12.1994): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.9.1.15.
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No bryophyte conservation programs are in place in Australia as the knowledge of bryophytes is poor, especially of their habitat preferences and distribution. The conservation of species against habitats is discussed and it is maintained on present evidence that areas conserved for vascular plants and/or animal habitats, as national parks and forest reserves, in most cases would adequately conserve bryophytes.
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Wells, Michael P. „The social role of protected areas in the new South Africa“. Environmental Conservation 23, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1996): 322–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900039187.
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SummarySouth Africa contains an extensive, well-managed protected area network which generates considerable economic benefits from tourism, but the extensive land and financial resources required by the parks and reserves are difficult to reconcile with the acute social and economic development needs of poor rural people with very limited access to any kind of resources. Local communities have incurred substantial costs from the establishment of these parks while receiving few benefits in return. National and provincial governments, as well as the conservation authorities, have now recognized that the long-term future of parks and reserves depends on taking effective steps to redress the local imbalance of benefits and costs. Integrated conservation-development projects (ICDPs) are beginning to test a range of specific measures to increase local community participation in the benefits from protected areas. Parks have considerable resources and expertise which they can use to support local development through ICDPs, although it would be unrealistic to expect parks to solve widespread rural poverty amongst their neighbours. Instead, park authorities should take the lead in forming partnerships to mobilize the combined resources and expertise of other national and provincial government agencies, NGOs and the private sector, as well as the local communities themselves. Community participation in wildlife tourism may best be achievable through joint ventures with the private sector or park management authorities.
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TSARYK, Lyubomyr, und Ihor KUZYK. „RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR: ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT“. SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 53, Nr. 2 (17.11.2022): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.22.2.13.
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According to the results of the study of the nature protection aspect of the russian-Ukrainian war, it was established that since 2014, the russian federation illegally captured and destroyed about 500 objects of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine, with a total area of over 1.2 million hectares. Came under occupation 3 Biosphere Reserves, 14 Nature Reserves, 19 National Natural Parks, dozens Regional Landscape Parks, hundreds Reserves, Sights Nature, Reserve Tracts, Botanical gardens, Dendrological parks, Zoological parks and Parks-sights of garden and park art. Famous protected objects suffered from russian military aggression: Biosphere Reserve «Askania-Nova», Chornomorskyi Biosphere Reserve, National Natural Parks «Slobozhanskyi», «Gomilshan Lisy», «Svyati Hory», «Meotida», «Oleshkivsʹki Pisky», Nature Reserve «Khomutovsky Step». Practically all types of biodiversity in the protected areas have been destroyed, unique landscapes are disturbed, the scientific achievements of specialists of nature-reserved objects were liquidated or exported. Cases of mining of protected areas have been recorded, uncontrolled deforestation, destruction of rare species of flora and fauna, etc.
At the first stage of military aggression, in 2014, russia illegally occupied 100% of the natural reserve fund of the Crimean peninsula, 25.2% of the nature reserve fund of Donetsk region and 23.8% of the nature reserve fund of Luhansk region. In the second stage of aggression and full-scale war against Ukraine, from February 24, 2022, the russian federation completely seized all territories and objects of the nature reserve fund of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, as well as a significant part of valuable nature conservation of Kyiv, Sumy, Chernihiv, Kharkiv, Zaporizhzhia, and Kherson regions. As of September 1, 2022, a large part of the territory of Ukraine, including nature conservation areas, is freed from occupation. But it is still quite difficult to assess the damage caused to the national nature reserve fund. Therefore, the prospect of further scientific-practical research remains the assessment of damage caused to protected objects and territories in the east and south of Ukraine.
Key words: war, russian aggression, national natural parks, nature reserves, biosphere reserves, flora, fauna.
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Ignatenko, E. V. „PROTECTION OF WILD BEES IN RESERVES AND NATIONAL PARKS IN THE SOUTH OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST“. REGIONAL PROBLEM 25, Nr. 1 (2022): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31433/2618-9593-2022-25-1-44-48.
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In the article, the authors consider the issue of biological diversity protection in federal nature protection zones in the south of the Russian Far East. Nature reserves and national parks surrounded by cultivated land are refugiums for wild bees – unique pollinators of flowering plants. The authors have analyzed 17 Regulations on Institutions (reserves and national parks). It was revealed that in practice the requirement of federal legislation, regarding the preservation of the natural environment «in a natural state» in specially protected natural areas (SPNA) of federal significance and the ban on the introduction of animals, is violated. The provisions on natural reserves and national parks allow the location of beehives and apiaries with honey bees (Apis mellifera), which enters into competitive relations for fodder facilities with wild native species of bees, in their territories. However, the placement of apiaries of honey bees on protected areas is rated as unacceptable and harmful: the honey bee is a competitor for each type of pollinator, as only one bee family consists of tens of thousands insects providing their advantage over other pollinators. When placing apiaries at the perimeter of the protected area of 10–20 thousand hectares and less, its land is completely «covered» by the influence of honey bee families. To resolve this threatening situation, it is required a wide protection zone or zone with a ban on the placement of hives and apiaries (up to 3–5 km wide). For larger areas (from 50 thousand hectares or more), a single placement of apiaries at the perimeter of corresponding zones is permissible.
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JENKINS, D. J., und C. N. L. MACPHERSON. „Transmission ecology ofEchinococcusin wild-life in Australia and Africa“. Parasitology 127, S1 (Oktober 2003): S63—S72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182003003871.
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Following the introduction ofE. granulosusinto Australia with domestic animals during European settlement, the parasite quickly became established in theE. granulosus-naive native animals of the continent. The distribution ofE. granulosusin wildlife in Australia is restricted by rainfall, but nevertheless the parasite is currently widespread and highly prevalent in many areas including numerous national parks and privately owned farms. The human population of Africa is rapidly increasing resulting in ever more pressure on wild-life populations and habitat. National parks, reserves and conservation areas now provide important tracts of preserved habitat for maintaining populations of wildlife that are also important in the maintenance ofE. granulosus. In some parts of Africa, hydatid-infected humans provide a source ofE. granulosusinfection to wildlife definitive hosts. In many areas felids may also act as important definitive hosts forE. granulosuswith the parasite being maintained in a prey/predator relationship between lions and a range of intermediate hosts. Populations ofE. granulosus-infected wild-life both in Australia and Africa act as important reservoirs in perpetuating the transmission ofE. granulosusto both domestic animals and humans. In Australia,E. granulosus-infected wild-life is infiltrating urban areas and currently represents a potentially important new public health problem.
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Ustjuzhanin, Peter, Vasiliy Kovtunovich, Pavel Udovichenko, Adrian Armstrong und Alexander Streltzov. „Plume moths in the protected areas of KwaZulu Natal province, Republic of South Africa“. Ecologica Montenegrina 27 (10.01.2020): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2020.27.2.
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The article gives 70 Pterophoridae species of nature reserves and national parks of KwaZulu Natal province, Republic of South Africa. New taxonomic combinations are revealed, new data on the distribution of Plume moths in the Republic of South Africa are indicated. New generic combinations were established for two species of Marasmarcha ammonias (Meyrick, 1909) and Sphenarches erythrodactylus (Fletcher, 1911). 7 species are recorded for the first time for the province of KwaZulu Natal.
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Blackmore, Andrew. „Concurrent national and provincial legislative competence: Rethinking the relationship between nature reserves and national parks“. Law, Democracy and Development 26 (15.04.2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2077-4907/2021/ldd.v26.2.
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The teleology of concurrent national and provincial legislative competence in South Africa's Constitution has not been adequately investigated, particularly from the perspective of nature conservation and the establishment of protected areas. It is, therefore, questioned whether the concurrent nature conservation competence awarded to the national sphere of government should be equivalent to that awarded to the provinces, or if it precludes the national government from having a greater status than the provinces. It is further questioned whether the provisions of the National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act (NEMPAA) accurately reflect the constitutional weighting, if any, granted to these two spheres of government by this provision. It is concluded that the concurrent national and provincial legislative competence in respect of nature conservation is most likely to be, at least, equally balanced between the two spheres of government. Contrary to this finding, it is noted that the NEMPAA grants national parks a significantly higher conservation status than nature reserves by diminishing the status and scope the provinces had prior to the promulgation of the Act. It is further concluded that, in this instance, provisions of the NEMPAA are most likely to be unconstitutional. It is recommended that these two kinds of protected areas be consolidated into one category or critically evaluated to correct potentially incorrect categorisation. It is also recommended that the NEMPAA be substantially revised to correct a number of anomalies and illogical provisions.
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Campbell, G. D. „A CASE FOR A NATIONAL PIPELINE GRID FOR NATURAL GAS“. APPEA Journal 26, Nr. 1 (1986): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj85004.
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The development of an integrated natural gas pipeline system should be a goal within a national energy policy for Australia. Australia has in excess of 100 years supply of natural gas in the proved and probable category and another 250 years of supply that we can expect to find with reasonable confidence.There are clear indications that if markets can be created or developed, gas producers will respond by establishing reserves to service those markets. A recent example is the rapid increase in proved/probable reserves established in the Amadeus Basin following the Northern Territory Government's interest in constructing a pipeline to Darwin.The Australian Gas Association has taken the view that reserves will be a limiting factor in natural gas development and hence pipeline systems will only be developed to access more remote and expensive fields as the current reserves are depleted. This paper takes the contrary view that natural gas reserves eventuate from market driven policy. That is, if an attractive market is opened to natural gas then reserves will be forthcoming.A number of policy guidelines which would allow the economic development of a national natural gas grid are the key incentives for the explorers.Utilisation of natural gas for the generation of electricity in New South Wales to the extent of 10 per cent of the annual load would enhance the performance of the total electrical system. By providing this substantial natural gas market an economic basis can be provided for the proposed national grid links.For the electrical generation market in New South Wales gas producers should be guaranteed a well head price of say $1.50 to $2.00 a gigajoule for onshore gas.
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BATES, M. F. „Herpetofauna of the nature reserves and national parks of the Free State province of South Africa“. African Journal of Herpetology 46, Nr. 1 (Januar 1997): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21564574.1997.9649972.
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Lunney, D., T. Grant, A. Matthews, C. Esson, C. Moon und M. Ellis. „Determining the Distribution of The Platypus (Ornithorhyncus anatinus) in the Eden Region Of South Eastern New South Wales Through Community-Based Surveys.“ Australian Mammalogy 20, Nr. 2 (1998): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am98239.
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The distribution of Ornithorhynchus anatinus in the Eden region of south-east New South Wales is defined based on information from two community-based surveys. In 1986-87 a state-wide questionnaire survey was distributed to field staff from various government departments. A search for historical reports was also carried out. Fifty-five reports of platypuses were obtained from the Eden region, including 30 sightings on agricultural land. The second approach was through a joint National Parks and Wildlife Service and State Forests householder postal survey in 1991. The survey returns yielded 273 locations of O. anatinus of which 76% were on freehold rural land, 19% were in State Forests and 5% were in National Parks or Nature Reserves. Records from both surveys, spread from 1930 to the early 1990s, were from all parts of the region. The surveys showed that platypuses have been widespread in the region, but their now fragmented distribution indicates a reduction in the regional population of the species. Management of waterways and catchments are crucial to its long-term survival. The public awareness of the platypus shown by the number of questionnaire returns, is an encouraging sign that local plans to conserve or restore its habitat are likely to be well received if produced through the cooperative approach initiated by community-based surveys.
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e. Fox, Robert. „Musings on Biodiversity by a Retired Park Manager“. Pacific Conservation Biology 10, Nr. 1 (2004): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc040005.
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Biodiversity continues to decline in Australia despite significant effort by government, industry and concerned citizens. In this essay the author draws upon his >30 years of experience at the sharp end of natural resource management to consider some factors that may be contributing to the relative lack of progress. While national parks and reserves form a small part of the overall Australian landscape their importance in the battle to retain biodiversity is undeniable. However, rigidity of thinking on the part of park managers has limited the support base for parks and thus their potential in leading integrated landscape management at the all-important local level. The rise of animal libertarianism is further impacting on the ability of parks and wildlife managers to make rational decisions based on the best scientific advice. Animal libertarianism, influential in our western, primarily urban-based society, causes significant problems in wildlife conservation. Anthropomorphic concepts of rights have little application in the animal world and contribute even less to the conservation of species.
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Ingleby, S. „Distribution and Status of the Northern nailtail wallaby, Onychogalea unguifera (Gould, 1841)“. Wildlife Research 18, Nr. 6 (1991): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910655.
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Past and present distributions of 0. unguifera were compared using data from museums, explorers' records and field surveys conducted during 1986-88. There is little evidence of a decline in geographical distribution or abundance of this species during the last century, although numbers may have declined locally in parts of the West Kimberley in Western Australia. At present 0. unguifera is moderately common between latitudes 16� and 19�S. in the Northern Territory and western Queensland and in the East Kimberley region of Western Australia. It is uncommon towards the northern and southern limits of its range in each State. These limits correspond to latitudes 12�-14�S. and 20�-22�S. respectively. 0. unguifera appears to be under no immediate threat. However, its preferred habitats are poorly represented in National Parks and other conservation reserves throughout northern Australia, and this situation should be remedied.
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Dragovich, Deirdre. „Encouraging tourism in protected areas: horse-riding in national parks in New South Wales, Australia“. International Journal of Tourism Policy 8, Nr. 3 (2018): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtp.2018.094475.
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Dragovich, Deirdre. „Encouraging tourism in protected areas: horse-riding in national parks in New South Wales, Australia“. International Journal of Tourism Policy 8, Nr. 3 (2018): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtp.2018.10015675.
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Kucharczyk, Halina, Marek Kucharczyk und Łukasz Wyrozumski. „Screen traps as an efficient method in faunal research on fungus-feeding thrips (Tubulifera: Phlaeothripidae)“. Polish Journal of Entomology 84, Nr. 3 (01.09.2015): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjen-2015-0017.
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AbstractStudies on fungus-feeding thrips were carried out in two national parks ranked as biosphere reserves: the Białowieża National Park (north-east Poland) and the Bieszczady National Park (south-east Poland). IBL-2 screen traps were used as the main method in the forest communities. Traps were deployed in managed forests and the strict reserve in the Bialowieża NP, and along two trails in the lower forest belt up to its upper border with mountain meadows in the Bieszczady NP. Using IBL-2 traps revealed the presence of ten mycophagous species in the Białowieża NP and six in the Bieszczady NP. In the formerHoplothrips carpathicus,H. fungi,H. unicolorandH. polysticti, and in the latterH. carpathicusandMaderothrips longisetiswere recorded for the first time in Poland.
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Baltranaitė, Eglė, Egidijus Jurkus und Ramūnas Povilanskas. „Impact of physical geographical factors on sustainable planning of South Baltic seaside resorts“. Baltica 30, Nr. 2 (25.09.2018): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2017.30.13.
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The objective of the article is to give a comprehensive assessment of the impact that physical geographical factors of the coastal environment have on the South Baltic seaside resorts in the way it is reflected in planning documents (comprehensive plans, regional and tourism development strategies) of South Baltic seaside territorial entities. The seaside resorts and the adjacent coastal protected nature areas, particularly coastal national parks and UNESCO biosphere reserves, are the main focus of this study. The contents of 141 valid documents of spatial planning, management and development has been analysed. The studied comprehensive development plans, tourism strategies and other documents demonstrate that virtually all seaside municipalities in the South Baltic Region express a strong concern in increasing risk of coastal erosion and sea level rise related to the global climate change.
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Ullah, Fahim, Sara Imran Khan, Hafiz Suliman Munawar, Zakria Qadir und Siddra Qayyum. „UAV Based Spatiotemporal Analysis of the 2019–2020 New South Wales Bushfires“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 18 (13.09.2021): 10207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810207.
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Bushfires have been a key concern for countries such as Australia for a long time. These must be mitigated to eradicate the associated harmful effects on the climate and to have a sustainable and healthy environment for wildlife. The current study investigates the 2019–2020 bushfires in New South Wales (NSW) Australia. The bush fires are mapped using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing, the hotpots are monitored, and damage is assessed. Further, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)-based bushfire mitigation framework is presented where the bushfires can be mapped and monitored instantly using UAV swarms. For the GIS and remote sensing, datasets of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and VIIRS fire data products are used, whereas the paths of UAVs are optimized using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The mapping results of 2019–2020 NSW bushfires show that 50% of the national parks of NSW were impacted by the fires, resulting in damage to 2.5 million hectares of land. The fires are highly clustered towards the north and southeastern cities of NSW and its border region with Victoria. The hotspots are in the Deua, Kosciu Sako, Wollemi, and Yengo National Parks. The current study is the first step towards addressing a key issue of bushfire disasters, in the Australian context, that can be adopted by its Rural Fire Service (RFS), before the next fire season, to instantly map, assess, and subsequently mitigate the bushfire disasters. This will help move towards a smart and sustainable environment.
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Gilbert, Trevor, Tracey Baxter und Alex Spence. „The Australian Oil Spill Response Atlas Project“. International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, Nr. 1 (01.04.2003): 851–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-851.
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ABSTRACT Australia is among the top five shipping nations of the world based upon cargo and kilometres travelled. Australia also has vast, remote and environmentally sensitive coastlines ranging from tropical to subantarctic. Unfortunately shipping accidents and illegal discharges of oil and chemical pollutants into our marine environment do occur. To support spill response management in Australia, over the past four years the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) has coordinated the development of a uniform and integrated national Oil Spill Response Atlas (OSRA) based upon an ArcView® geographic information system (GIS). The main aims of the OSRA project were to:Develop a mutually agreed national GIS specification for the development of the digital atlas to assure consistency and compatibility Australia wide;Fast track the collation, capture and conversion of all relevant geographical and textual data into a standard digital GIS format for the majority of Australia's marine and coastal environments (particularly for highly sensitive environments such as, world heritage areas, and marine parks and reserves); andCreate a user-friendly series of GIS system tools specially designed for the particular needs of spill response managers, operational staff and environmental agencies. This paper highlights some of the advantages of GIS based systems for spill response management, the OSRA system development and features, as well as the GIS automation tools that assist spill response managers and operational personnel.
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Harris, CR. „Mound Springs: South Australian Conservation Initiatives.“ Rangeland Journal 14, Nr. 2 (1992): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9920157.
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The mound springs of inland Australia are of outstanding scientific and cultural importance. Natural outlets for the waters of the Great Artesian Basin, they are found mostly on or near its margins. The most numerous and active are in the far north of South Australia. Parts of westem Queensland still have active springs, but almost all in north-westem New South Wales are now extinct, presumably because of aquifer draw-down in the wake of bore sinking. As permanent sources of potable water in a desert environment they have been a focus for human activity over many years. Aboriginal occupation has been documented to at least 5000 years BP and almost all the springs are rich in archaeological material and mythological associations. Since European settlement they have been of strategic importance in exploration and in the location of pastoral stations, the Overland Telegraph and the old Ghan narrow gauge railway from Marree to Oodnadatta. Biologically, they represent unusually specialised aquatic habitats, the discontinuity being analogous to islands and the isolation just as great for species with limited dispersal abilities. The result is an assemblage of plants and animals of evolutionary, biogeographic and ecological interest, with many endemic and relict species. Heavily degraded by aquifer draw-down and over a century of pastoralism, the springs were given little attention until relatively recently. In the past decade two key areas have been acquired for the national parks system and ten important springs on pastoral country outside of the parks have been fenced. Important research has also been carried out, with a particular focus on the endemic elements of the invertebrate fauna. These are positive achievements, but the remoteness of the localities where the springs occur presents a continuing difficulty for on-going conservation and management programs.
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Thorsell, James. „Third South Pacific National Parks and Reserves Conference, held at Apia, Western Samoa, during 24 June to 3 July 1985“. Environmental Conservation 12, Nr. 4 (1985): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900034652.
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Toussaint, Sandy. „Practicing Anthropology in Australia: An Introduction“. Practicing Anthropology 23, Nr. 1 (01.01.2001): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.23.1.07107g644p706g16.
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Applied anthropology in Australia is an increasingly sought after and diverse field of social inquiry and research application. There are several reasons for this interest, including substantial anthropological involvement in the land claims process during the past three decades. Such a process has resulted in anthropologists working for Indigenous groups and land councils, documenting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander interests in land and sea, negotiating resource development agreements, undertaking ethnographic site surveys, presenting evidence in court. A number of contributions to this special edition of Practicing Anthropology provide details of these practical applications of anthropology in Australian settings. Nicolas Peterson describes some of the historial background to the introduction of land rights legislation in the Northern Territory, and Jim Birckhead discusses cultural heritage issues in national parks in New South Wales. Birckhead and Toussaint also raise concerns about anthropological practice and the ethics and politics of representation, including with reference to the relationship between gender and culture.
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Wayne, A. F., B. A. Wilson und J. C. Z. Woinarski. „Falling apart? Insights and lessons from three recent studies documenting rapid and severe decline in terrestrial mammal assemblages of northern, south-eastern and south-western Australia“. Wildlife Research 44, Nr. 2 (2017): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16178.
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Context Since European settlement in 1788, much of the Australian terrestrial mammal fauna has declined or become extinct. The pattern of, and reason for, that decline was little documented, and is now difficult to decipher. Many mammal species are still declining, providing (an unfortunate) opportunity to better document the process, identify the causal factors and attempt to redress the problem. Aim We compare trends in mammal abundance reported in three recent longitudinal studies in conservation reserves in Australia. The studies were not established with the intention of documenting mammal decline, but marked simultaneous decline of co-existing species was the most striking feature of their results. Methods Long-term monitoring in Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory (2001–04 and 2007–09), the Upper Warren region of Western Australia (since 1974) and the Great Otway National Park, Victoria (since 1975) principally relied on trapping, but also some spotlighting and sand plots, to document changes and trends in abundance in their respective mammal assemblages. Key results Decline was reported in most mammal species, across taxonomic groups, diets and size classes, but mostly involved species <5500g. The studies differed in their monitoring protocols and varied in the degree to which potential causal factors were monitored, thereby constraining interpretation of the drivers of declines. Inappropriate fire regimes and predation by feral cats are likely contributing factors in at least two study areas, and periods of markedly below-average rainfall are implicated in two areas. Conclusions We conclude the following: (1) conservation reserves in Australia may be failing to maintain at least some elements of the biodiversity that they were established to protect, and substantially enhanced management is required to redress this problem; (2) with current threats, mammal assemblages in Australia may be highly unstable; (3) substantial increase in effective long-term biodiversity monitoring programs in an adaptive management framework is needed; and (4) such monitoring programs will be more insightful if they also monitor factors driving population change. Implications Native mammal species declines and community disassembly may be occurring elsewhere. Long-term monitoring is critical for assessing trends in biodiversity and if done well, it can guide more effective and efficient management to deliver better conservation outcomes.
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C. Strevens, Tanya, Marji L. Puotinen und Robert J. Whelan. „Powerline easements: ecological impacts and contribution to habitat fragmentation from linear features“. Pacific Conservation Biology 14, Nr. 3 (2008): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc080159.
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The ecological effects of roads on plant and animal populations are well recognized. However, very little is known about the magnitude of the effects created by powerline easements. Like roads, powerline easements are ubiquitous in many landscapes, including reserves such as National Parks, which have restricted human activities. Regular mowing of the easements to manage vegetation regrowth creates a stark discontinuity with adjacent natural vegetation. Abrupt transitions such as these contribute to habitat fragmentation and are associated with movement and dispersal inhibition of fauna. We used GIS to estimate the area of direct and indirect effects of powerline easements in a 5735 km2 area of coastal New South Wales, focusing on the potential reduction of habitat area both within and outside reserves. While the area directly replaced by these features is a small percentage of the total landscape (<1%), the upper estimates of direct and indirect effects combined amounted to a substantial portion of habitat (10 103 ha). Further, roads and powerlines combined may affect up to 33 780 ha (8%) of habitat in the study area. Although the overall ecological impact of powerline easements could be reduced by concentrating them in regions of pre-existing fragmentation, in our study area powerlines rarely occurred adjacent to paved roads. For example, in National Parks, only 3% of the habitat area affected by powerlines overlapped with that affected by roads. This study highlights the potential for powerline easements to make a significant contribution to habitat fragmentation, even in the presence of dense road networks, thus calling for greater attention to their ecological impacts and to improved management strategies.
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Rolls, Mitchell. „“‘More fun than the locals’: Cultural Differences and Natural Resources”“. Transcultural Studies 13, Nr. 1 (25.05.2017): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23751606-01301001.
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In the latter half of the 1990s there was a long-running but unreported conflict over use of a coastal rock platform on the Central Coast of New South Wales, just to the north of Sydney. This multifaceted dispute was between poor Korean Australians from the inner suburbs of Sydney and locals. The source of this conflict was the manner in which the rock platform was being used, how its resources were exploited and the type of social life that accompanied these activities. Different peoples brought different understandings to the rock platform, and they acted in accordance with those understandings.For many older settler Australians, and for the diminishing number of those ‘on the land’, the essence of what it is to be Australian is found outside of urban environments. Colloquially referred to as ‘the bush’, this can mean virtually any rural, remote, regional, or non-urban setting. For those living in cities, and for more recent immigrants to Australia, national parks are one site that provides ready access to ‘the bush’. As with the coastal rock platform, different peoples bring different understandings to their encounters with national parks and ‘the bush’, and their use of these places changes accordingly.This paper begins with a description of the rock platform incident, before moving on to discuss the response of different immigrant groups to national parks and other open public spaces.
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Navarro, Matthew, Atakelty Hailu, Tim Langlois, Karina L. Ryan, Michael Burton und Marit E. Kragt. „Combining spatial ecology and economics to incorporate recreational fishing into marine spatial planning“. ICES Journal of Marine Science 79, Nr. 1 (20.12.2021): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsab249.
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Abstract Many researchers have pointed to coastal environments and their use for energy production, aquaculture, and conservation as key to solving profound challenges facing humanity. Navigating this transition in ocean space necessitates tools to quantify impacts on displaced marine users, including recreational fishers. In this study, we present a novel method combining spatial ecological models of recreational catch with fine-scale random utility models of site choice to predict the impacts of site closures on recreational fishing experiences (fisher welfare). We demonstrate our approach by modelling data from over 10 000 fishing trips to fine-scale sites across 1500 km of coastline in the south-west of Australia and simulating the effects of no-take marine reserves recently implemented in the Australian Marine Parks. The results show how the combination of random utility modelling with spatial ecological methods provides a powerful tool for investigating recreational fisheries as joint social-ecological systems and incorporating recreational fishing into marine spatial planning.
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Fägerstam, Emilia. „Children and Young People's Experience of the Natural World: Teachers' Perceptions and Observations“. Australian Journal of Environmental Education 28, Nr. 1 (Juli 2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aee.2012.2.
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AbstractThis study explores the observations and perceptions of environmental education centre officers and teachers regarding children's experiences with nature. The study also explores the officers' and teachers' perceptions of the potential of using nature experiences in environmental education. A thematic analysis of data from interviews with 13 officers and 8 high school teachers in Sydney, Australia, revealed a widely held perception that children and young people have limited experience with natural settings in nature reserves and national parks. The interviewees suggested that although their students were interested in learning in natural settings, many were uncomfortable, afraid, and only had a vicarious understanding of Australian ecology, flora and fauna. The participants' view of the potential of nature experiences was twofold: nature experiences were fundamental for developing a connection with nature and establishing environmental concern, and experiences in nature facilitated ecological knowledge, which was considered to be a component of understanding and developing place identity in the Australian environment.
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Turner, Jason A., Hans de Iongh und Emma J. Dunston-Clarke. „Assessing the Social Cohesion of a Translocated Pride of White Lions Integrated with Wild Tawny Lions in South Africa, Using Social Network Analysis“. Animals 12, Nr. 15 (05.08.2022): 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12151985.
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In South Africa, lions are protected in national parks and smaller fenced reserves. Translocating lions between fenced reserves, whilst necessary to maintain genetic diversity, is disruptive and can impact survivorship and pride cohesion. Critical to translocation success is pride cohesion. White lions are a natural colour variant occurring in the Greater Kruger Park Region, where anthropogenic threats eliminated this population until reintroduction in 2006. Through social network analysis (SNA), the sociality of a released pride of captive-origin white and wild tawny lions was compared to two captive-origin and wild prides of tawny lions. Social interactions and pride dynamics were recorded for each pride. For all prides, cubs and subadults were central to the play network, while adults received the most social interactions. White and wild tawny adult males initiated more social interactions than captive-origin tawny males, whilst a keystone adult female was identified in each pride. For the constructed pride, social interactions were more evenly distributed, suggesting a high level of connectedness and cohesion. This is the first study to demonstrate that captive-origin white and wild tawny lions can form a socially functional pride, suggesting that white lions would survive in the wild in the absence of anthropogenic threats.
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Chakawa, Joshua, und V. Z. Nyawo-Shava. „Guerrilla warfare and the environment in Southern Africa: Impediments faced by ZIPRA and Umkhonto Wesizwe.“ Oral History Journal of South Africa 2, Nr. 2 (04.02.2015): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2309-5792/6.
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Zimbabwe Peoples’ Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) was the armed wing of Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU) which waged the war to liberate Zimbabwe. It operated from its bases in Zambia between 1964 and 1980. Umkhonto Wesizwe (MK) was ANC’s armed wing which sought to liberate South Africa from minority rule. Both forces (MK and ZIPRA) worked side by side until the attainment of independence by Zimbabwe when ANC guerrillas were sent back to Zambia by the new Zimbabwean government. This paper argues that the failure of ZIPRA and Umkhonto Wesizwe to deploy larger numbers of guerrillas to the war front in Zimbabwe (then Rhodesia) and South Africa was mainly caused by bio-physical challenges. ZAPU and ANC guerrillas faced the difficult task of crossing the Zambezi River and then walking through the sparsely vegetated areas, game reserves and parks until they reached villages deep in the country. Rhodesian and South African Defense Forces found it relatively easy to disrupt guerrilla movements along these routes. Even after entering into Rhodesia, ANC guerrillas had environmental challenges in crossing to South Africa. As such, they could not effectively launch protracted rural guerrilla warfare. Studies on ZIPRA and ANC guerrilla warfare have tended to ignore these environmental problems across inhospitable territories. For the ANC, surveillance along Limpopo River and in Kruger National Park acted more as impediments than conduits. ANC also had to cope with almost all challenges which confronted ZIPRA guerrillas such as the Zambezi, Lake Kariba and various parks which Rhodesians always used as a first line of defense but had a geographically difficult task in South Africa where the environment was not attractive for a guerrilla warfare.
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Reid, Nick. „Conserving Biodiversity: Threats and Solutions“. Pacific Conservation Biology 3, Nr. 2 (1997): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc970166.
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This book records the proceedings of a similarly titled conference organized by the New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service in June 1993. According to the editors, the book is a "systematic attempt . . . to cover the current and future threats to biodiversity" in New South Wales and Australia, and "highlights the range of solutions needed to conserve biodiversity". The book contains 35 chapters structured in seven sections (conserving biodiversity, habitat loss, degradation and pollution of water resources, weeds and feral animals, commercial use of native biota, changes to fire regimes, can governments solve the problems?), with two to eight chapters in each. The book is a scientific treatise, chapters being written with other researchers and scientifically trained government officials in mind.
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MAHONY, STEPHEN V., TIMOTHY CUTAJAR und JODI J. L. ROWLEY. „A new species of Delma Gray 1831 (Squamata: Pygopodidae) from the Hunter Valley and Liverpool Plains of New South Wales“. Zootaxa 5162, Nr. 5 (11.07.2022): 541–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5162.5.5.
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The Striped Legless Lizard Delma impar Fischer 1882 occurs in grasslands of south-eastern Australia where it is sometimes sympatric with several congeners. Previous molecular analyses have revealed mitochondrial divergence between the northern and southern lineages of D. impar, but the status of a recently detected population assigned to the species in the Hunter Valley of New South Wales (NSW), 250 km north of other populations, remains unknown. Via morphological and molecular analyses across the known distribution of D. impar, we distinguish the population from the Hunter Valley, Liverpool Plains region as a unique taxon and describe this species as D. vescolineata sp. nov. The new species is divergent from D. impar in both nuclear and mitochondrial analysis, and differing facial scalation and colour patterning from the limited number of specimens available. The degree of mitochondrial and nuclear divergence between the previously identified northern and southern clades of D. impar is consistent with a single species. This is the first description of a Delma from south-eastern Australia since 1974, but the second new vertebrate taxon identified from the Hunter Valley region within a decade. Our research highlights our incomplete understanding of the biodiversity of the Hunter Valley region, despite its relative proximity to populous areas. The range of D. vescolineata sp. nov. is restricted and heavily overlaps with major habitat modification including mining and grazing, with no parks or reserves in this distribution protecting the species’ grassland habitat. Gathering more data to understand conservation status of this species should be a priority.
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Kenneally, Kevin F. „Kimberley tropical monsoon rainforests of western Australia: perspectives on biological diversity“. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 12, Nr. 1 (20.07.2018): 149–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v12.i1.927.
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There are more than 1,500 patches of monsoon rainforest, totaling 7,000 hectares, scattered across 170,000 square km of the tropical Kimberley region of Western Australia. They are small, isolated and embedded within a mosaic of mostly flammable eucalypt savanna woodlands. The status and condition of Kimberley monsoon rainforest biodiversity are assessed based on geographically comprehensive survey data from a total of 100 sites and opportunistic collecting in many others. Monsoon rainforests are rich in species not found in the region’s other vegetation communities. Most rainforests and their associated faunal assemblages are not currently reserved and many of the survey sites were found to be severely disturbed by fire and introduced feral cattle. The disturbance impact of fires, introduced animals and weeds is shown to apply generally across the three major forms of land tenure operating in the Kimberley; namely, Aboriginal land (including Indigenous Protected Areas), Crown land (including pastoral leasehold), and national parks and reserves. The implications of these disturbance factors on the conservation and management practices of monsoon rainforest patches in the region are considered. It is concluded that conservation of patches requires active fire and feral animal management. Equally, however, the long-term genetic viability of these small scattered patches and populations requires effective conservation at the landscape scale. Mounting evidence of the Kimberley as a historical and significant center of refugia warrants action from scientists, governments, conservation agencies, Indigenous landholders as well as local communities to protect and conserve its unique biota and the processes responsible for generating and sustaining it.
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Laws, R. A. „ALIENATION OF LAND FROM EXPLORATION—A SOUTH AUSTRALIAN EXAMPLE“. APPEA Journal 26, Nr. 1 (1986): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj85008.
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The mineral and petroleum industry has played a vital role in the development of South Australia, historically, culturally, and economically. In 1985 more than $1 billion worth of production contributed over $50 million in royalties to the state's revenues plus a range of taxes to the Commonwealth. Other benefits included infrastructure establishment, employment, and the training and development of expertise in the workforce.Access to the land surface for exploration is vital if the state's subsurface resources are to be discovered and developed. Over the past ten years, however, there has been a major increase in limitations on access to land for exploration in South Australia. Currently, access to 29 per cent of the state is restricted to some extent, mostly due to National Parks, Aboriginal land, and both Commonwealth and State heritage legislation. Proposals are in hand which could result in the restricted area increasing to over 40 per cent.Less than 0.1 per cent of the area of the state has been directly involved in resource exploration and development. Despite this, and despite successful introduction of codes of practice to limit the effect of exploration activities and to speed rehabilitation of access tracks and drillsites, the industry is generally and erroneously perceived to be a major land user. This is evidenced in community attitudes and reflected in recent legislation. A greater effort is required to ensure that exploration is not stifled by excessive limitations on the right of access to land.
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Lunney, Daniel, Carol Esson, Chris Moon, Murray Ellis und Alison Matthews. „A Community-based Survey of the Koala, Phascolarctos cinereus, in the Eden Region of South-eastern New South Wales“. Wildlife Research 24, Nr. 1 (1997): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr94034.
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A community-based postal survey (questionnaire and map) was undertaken in the Eden region of south-eastern New South Wales in 1991–92 to help determine the local distribution of koalas and to obtain information on which to base a regional plan of management for koalas. The 1198 replies from the II 600 households in the region represented all parts of the area surveyed. The survey responses suggest that koalas are rare in the Eden region, and that the number of koalas has been constantly low for the last four decades. The records are scattered both chronologically and geographically. National Parks and Nature Reserves have never been the stronghold of local koala populations, and freehold land, particularly farmland, is not a major reservoir of koalas. Most koalas reported were in, or adjacent to, State Forests, particularly Murrah–Berrnagui and Tantawangalo–Glenbog–Yurammie. These areas appear to contain the core of the surviving koala population of the region. An assessment of the vegetation where koalas were sighted indicated that dry forest is the preferred habitat. The once abundant and widespread local koala population of late last century has been reduced by habitat loss and fragmentation to a few small, isolated populations. This regional survey, which was undertaken by use of a carefully constructed questionnaire, revealed an invaluable source of records and contributed 70% of the records in the database used for this study. This study also laid a basis for assessing koala management options in south-eastern New South Wales.
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Harris, AJL. „Towards Automated Fire Monitoring From Space: Semi-Automated Mapping of the January 1994 New South Wales Wildfires Using AVHRR Data.“ International Journal of Wildland Fire 6, Nr. 3 (1996): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9960107.
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The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) is capable of providing low cost thermal data in which wild-fires can easily be detected. Data are available for large areas (~ 3000 x 6000 km) at-least 4 times a day, and can be received directly by the user. An automated hot-spot detection technique inserted into the data stream could therefore provide timely fire information for wild-fire monitoring. Such an automated technique is applied to AVHRR data acquired for the wild-fires which burnt extensive areas in New South Wales, Australia, during January 1994. The technique allows rapid production of fire maps. These revealed a number of major fires burning mainly within the National Parks, impacting on settlements and roads. Such a synoptic view of these fire events would be difficult to obtain using any other means.
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FAGAN-JEFFRIES, ERINN P., STEVEN J. B. COOPER und ANDREW D. AUSTIN. „New species of Australian microgastrine parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) documented through the ‘Bush Blitz’ surveys of national reserves“. Zootaxa 4560, Nr. 3 (26.02.2019): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.1.
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The braconid subfamily Microgastrinae are ecologically important parasitoids of larval lepidopterans, but are poorly studied in many regions of the world. In this study, we focus on describing new species of microgastrine wasps, in part from specimens collected on six different ‘Bush Blitz’ surveys of regional reserves in South Australia and Tasmania. Ten species of Microgastrinae are described as new and DNA barcodes of the genes COI and wingless are provided: three species in the genus Choeras Mason: C. bushblitz Fagan-Jeffries & Austin sp. nov., C. parvoculus Fagan-Jeffries & Austin sp. nov., and C. zygon Fagan-Jeffries & Austin sp. nov.; six species in the genus Dolichogenidea Viereck: D. bonbonensis Fagan-Jeffries & Austin sp. nov., D. brabyi Fagan-Jeffries & Austin sp. nov., D. forrestae Fagan-Jeffries & Austin sp. nov., D. garytaylori Fagan-Jeffries & Austin sp. nov., D. kelleri Fagan-Jeffries & Austin sp. nov., and D. lobesiae Fagan-Jeffries & Austin sp. nov.; and one species from the genus Sathon Mason: S. oreo Fagan-Jeffries & Austin sp. nov. These new species represent just a small fraction of the potential of ‘Bush Blitz’ surveys in regional Australia, which provide DNA-quality material allowing an integrative taxonomic approach and offer a window into the biodiversity of some of the least studied areas of the continent.
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Berkmüller, Klaus, Tom Evans, Rob Timmins und Vene Vongphet. „Recent advances in nature conservation in the Lao PDR“. Oryx 29, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1995): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300021244.
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The Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) has long been a white spot on maps depicting national parks and similar protected areas. This changed dramatically with the official declaration in October 1993 of 18 protected areas covering over 10 per cent of the country's land surface. Among the countries of South East Asia Lao PDR now ranks among those with the highest proportion of land under legal protection. The political climate seems favourable and additional areas may still be added. System planning and, increasingly now, the management of declared areas has been carried out by the Protected Areas and Wildlife Division of the Centre for Protected Areas and Watershed Management (PAWM), Forest Department, with funding by the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and technical support from IUCN-The World Conservation Union. Some of the most vulnerable species, such as the Javan rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus, may already be extirpated, but most species and ecosystems have good prospects of survival if management of the reserves and some wider conservation initiatives can be implemented.
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Parris, Kirsten M. „The distribution and habitat requirements of the great barred frog (Mixophyes fasciolatus)“. Wildlife Research 29, Nr. 5 (2002): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr01107.
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The great barred frog (Mixophyes fasciolatus) is a common, ground-dwelling frog from the forests of eastern Australia, with a wide geographic distribution extending from mid-east Queensland to southern New South Wales. This paper presents a quantitative assessment of the distribution and habitat requirements of M. fasciolatus, using data collected during a stratified survey across its geographic and environmental range. I found M. fasciolatus at 55 of 124 sites, and in all areas of forest surveyed except for Girraween National Park in Queensland and the southern highlands of New South Wales. I detected 42 other species of frogs during the survey, including the introduced cane toad (Bufo marinus). Statistical habitat modelling indicated that in forests within its climatic range, M. fasciolatus was most likely to occur in wetter forests (wet sclerophyll forest and rainforest), in areas with lower precipitation and intermediate temperatures in the warmest (summer) quarter of the year. When present at a site, the number of individuals of M. fasciolatus detected during a survey (a measure of relative abundance) was predicted to decrease with increasing summer precipitation. This frog survey represents one of the largest ever undertaken in Australia, with a study area of 125�000 km2, and 124 survey sites in 21 State Forests and nine National Parks. Field data collected during the study and the resulting habitat models provide a baseline against which future changes in the distribution or abundance of M. fasciolatus may be assessed.
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Andersen, Alan N., und Roger E. Clay. „The Ant Fauna of Danggali Conservation Park in Semi-arid South Australia: a Comparison with Wyperfeld (Vic.) and Cape Arid (W.A.) National Parks“. Australian Journal of Entomology 35, Nr. 4 (November 1996): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01405.x.
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McDowell, Matthew C., und Graham C. Medlin. „Natural Resource Management implications of the pre-European non-volant mammal fauna of the southern tip of Eyre Peninsula, South Australia“. Australian Mammalogy 32, Nr. 2 (2010): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am09020.
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Sinkholes and coastal caves located in, around and between the Coffin Bay and Lincoln National Parks were surveyed for pre-European fossils, which were collected from or just below the sediment surface. Twenty-four pre-European fossil samples, including eight already in the collections of the South Australian Museum, were analysed and 25 native and five introduced species of non-volant mammal were identified. Native and introduced species were often found together, indicating that the sites have accumulated mammal remains in both pre- and post-European times. Only four of the non-volant native mammals recovered are known to be extant in the study area today: Lasiorhinus latifrons, Macropus fuliginosus, Cercartetus concinnus and Rattus fuscipes. In contrast, 20 native species recorded have been extirpated and one (Potorous platyops) is now extinct. C. concinnus was recorded from only one of the fossil assemblages but is known to be widespread in the study area today. This may indicate recent vegetation change related to European land management practices and have implications for natural resource management in the area.
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Yang, Xihua, Qinggaozi Zhu, Mitch Tulau, Sally McInnes-Clarke, Liying Sun und Xiaoping Zhang. „Near real-time monitoring of post-fire erosion after storm events: a case study in Warrumbungle National Park, Australia“. International Journal of Wildland Fire 27, Nr. 6 (2018): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf18011.
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Wildfires in national parks can lead to severe damage to property and infrastructure, and adverse impacts on the environment. This is especially pronounced if wildfires are followed by intense storms, such as the fire in Warrumbungle National Park in New South Wales, Australia, in early 2013. The aims of this study were to develop and validate a methodology to predict erosion risk at near real-time after storm events, and to provide timely information for monitoring of the extent, magnitude and impact of hillslope erosion to assist park management. We integrated weather radar-based estimates of rainfall erosivity with the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) and remote sensing to predict soil loss from individual storm events after the fire. Other RUSLE factors were estimated from high resolution digital elevation models (LS factor), satellite data (C factor) and recent digital soil maps (K factor). The accuracy was assessed against field measurements at twelve soil plots across the Park and regular field survey during the 5-year period after the fire (2013–17). Automated scripts in a geographical information system have been developed to process large quantity spatial data and produce time-series erosion risk maps which show spatial and temporal changes in hillslope erosion and groundcover across the Park at near real time.
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Ma, Ben, Yuqian Zhang, Yilei Hou und Yali Wen. „Do Protected Areas Matter? A Systematic Review of the Social and Ecological Impacts of the Establishment of Protected Areas“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, Nr. 19 (04.10.2020): 7259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197259.
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There is growing interest in evaluating the effects of establishing protected areas (PAs). However, the mechanisms through which the establishment of PAs achieved significant positive effects remain unclear, and how different conservation mechanisms have achieved significant positive social and ecological benefits has also not been sufficiently studied. In this study, we systematically reviewed exemplary cases from Asia, Africa, and South America, using panel data to assess the conservation effectiveness of nature reserves and national parks. By surveying 629 literature samples reported in 31 studies, we found that the establishment of PAs has positive influences on poverty reduction, family incomes, household expenditure, employment, forest cover, biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and a reduction in forest fragmentation. Furthermore, we analyzed the specific aspects that influence the publication of a paper in a high-impact journal. We found that publication is more likely when the research uses panel data, matching methods of data analysis, large samples, and plots or PAs as research units and has significant evaluation results. Our results suggest that future studies should use panel data and matching method analysis to assess the impacts of PAs from multiple perspectives and focus on the effectiveness of specific conservation mechanisms in achieving positive effects.