Zeitschriftenartikel: „Nanopores artificiels“

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Molcrette, Bastien, Léa Chazot-Franguiadakis, Thomas Auger und Fabien Montel. „Quelques éléments de physique autour des nanopores biologiques“. Reflets de la physique, Nr. 75 (April 2023): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/refdp/202375018.

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Les nanopores biologiques sont d’étonnantes machines moléculaires. Ils remplissent une grande variété de fonctions, allant du tri des biomolécules à la transmission des signaux dans nos neurones et au repliement des protéines nouvellement produites. Le membre le plus surprenant de ce club est le pore nucléaire. Il régule le flux de molécules entre le noyau et l’intérieur de la cellule. Ses performances, mesurées par son efficacité énergétique, sa directionnalité ou sa sélectivité, n’ont pas d’équivalent dans les systèmes artificiels. Nous verrons que la compréhension de son fonctionnement permet d’appréhender des phénomènes physiques nouveaux et d’imaginer des systèmes de filtration sélectifs, ainsi que des pompes moléculaires.

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Tsukanov, Alexey A., und Evgeny V. Shilko. „Computer-Aided Design of Boron Nitride-Based Membranes with Armchair and Zigzag Nanopores for Efficient Water Desalination“. Materials 13, Nr. 22 (20.11.2020): 5256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225256.

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Recent studies have shown that the use of membranes based on artificial nanoporous materials can be effective for desalination and decontamination of water, separation of ions and gases as well as for solutions to other related problems. Before the expensive stages of synthesis and experimental testing, the search of the optimal dimensions and geometry of nanopores for the water desalination membranes can be done using computer-aided design. In the present study, we propose and examine the assumption that rectangular nanopores with a high aspect ratio would demonstrate excellent properties in terms of water permeation rate and ion rejection. Using the non-equilibrium molecular dynamic simulations, the properties of promising hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) membranes with rectangular nanopores were predicted. It has been found that not only the nanopore width but also its design (“armchair” or “zigzag”) determines the permeability and ion selectivity of the h-BN-based membrane. The results show that membranes with a zigzag-like design of nanopores of ~6.5 Å width and the armchair-like nanopores of ~7.5 Å width possess better efficiency compared with other considered geometries. Moreover, the estimated efficiency of these membranes is higher than that of any commercial membranes and many other previously studied single-layer model membranes with other designs of the nanopores.

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Willems, Kherim, Veerle Van Meervelt, Carsten Wloka und Giovanni Maglia. „Single-molecule nanopore enzymology“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, Nr. 1726 (19.06.2017): 20160230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0230.

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Biological nanopores are a class of membrane proteins that open nanoscale water conduits in biological membranes. When they are reconstituted in artificial membranes and a bias voltage is applied across the membrane, the ionic current passing through individual nanopores can be used to monitor chemical reactions, to recognize individual molecules and, of most interest, to sequence DNA. In addition, a more recent nanopore application is the analysis of single proteins and enzymes. Monitoring enzymatic reactions with nanopores, i.e. nanopore enzymology, has the unique advantage that it allows long-timescale observations of native proteins at the single-molecule level. Here, we describe the approaches and challenges in nanopore enzymology. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Membrane pores: from structure and assembly, to medicine and technology’.

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Ivanov, Yuri D., Alexander N. Ableev, Ivan D. Shumov, Irina A. Ivanova, Nikita V. Vaulin, Denis V. Lebedev, Anton S. Bukatin, Ivan S. Mukhin und Alexander I. Archakov. „Registration of Functioning of a Single Horseradish Peroxidase Macromolecule with a Solid-State Nanopore“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, Nr. 21 (27.10.2023): 15636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115636.

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Currently, nanopore-based technology for the determination of the functional activity of single enzyme molecules continues its development. The use of natural nanopores for studying single enzyme molecules is known. At that, the approach utilizing artificial solid-state nanopores is also promising but still understudied. Herein, we demonstrate the use of a nanotechnology-based approach for the investigation of the enzymatic activity of a single molecule of horseradish peroxidase with a solid-state nanopore. The artificial 5 nm solid-state nanopore has been formed in a 40 nm thick silicon nitride structure. A single molecule of HRP has been entrapped into the nanopore. The activity of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme molecule inserted in the nanopore has been monitored by recording the time dependence of the ion current through the nanopore in the course of the reaction of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) oxidation reaction. We have found that in the process of ABTS oxidation in the presence of 2.5 mM hydrogen peroxide, individual HRP enzyme molecules are able to retain activity for approximately 700 s before a decrease in the ion current through the nanopore, which can be explained by structural changes of the enzyme.

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Acar, Elif Turker, Steven F. Buchsbaum, Cody Combs, Francesco Fornasiero und Zuzanna S. Siwy. „Biomimetic potassium-selective nanopores“. Science Advances 5, Nr. 2 (Februar 2019): eaav2568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav2568.

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Reproducing the exquisite ion selectivity displayed by biological ion channels in artificial nanopore systems has proven to be one of the most challenging tasks undertaken by the nanopore community, yet a successful achievement of this goal offers immense technological potential. Here, we show a strategy to design solid-state nanopores that selectively transport potassium ions and show negligible conductance for sodium ions. The nanopores contain walls decorated with 4′-aminobenzo-18-crown-6 ether and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules located at one pore entrance. The ionic selectivity stems from facilitated transport of potassium ions in the pore region containing crown ether, while the highly charged ssDNA plays the role of a cation filter. Achieving potassium selectivity in solid-state nanopores opens new avenues toward advanced separation processes, more efficient biosensing technologies, and novel biomimetic nanopore systems.

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Mao, Haowei, Qun Ma, Hongquan Xu, Lei Xu, Qiujiao Du, Pengcheng Gao und Fan Xia. „Exploring the contribution of charged species at the outer surface to the ion current signal of nanopores: a theoretical study“. Analyst 146, Nr. 16 (2021): 5089–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1an00826a.

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Nanopores attached to charged species realize the artificial regulation of ion transport by the electrostatic effect in nanoconfines, produce a sensitive ion current signal and play a critical role in nanopore-based analyses.

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Shimizu, Keisuke, Batsaikhan Mijiddorj, Masataka Usami, Ikuro Mizoguchi, Shuhei Yoshida, Shiori Akayama, Yoshio Hamada et al. „De novo design of a nanopore for single-molecule detection that incorporates a β-hairpin peptide“. Nature Nanotechnology 17, Nr. 1 (22.11.2021): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41565-021-01008-w.

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AbstractThe amino-acid sequence of a protein encodes information on its three-dimensional structure and specific functionality. De novo design has emerged as a method to manipulate the primary structure for the development of artificial proteins and peptides with desired functionality. This paper describes the de novo design of a pore-forming peptide, named SV28, that has a β-hairpin structure and assembles to form a stable nanopore in a bilayer lipid membrane. This large synthetic nanopore is an entirely artificial device for practical applications. The peptide forms multidispersely sized nanopore structures ranging from 1.7 to 6.3 nm in diameter and can detect DNAs. To form a monodispersely sized nanopore, we redesigned the SV28 by introducing a glycine-kink mutation. The resulting redesigned peptide forms a monodisperse pore with a diameter of 1.7 nm leading to detection of a single polypeptide chain. Such de novo design of a β-hairpin peptide has the potential to create artificial nanopores, which can be size adjusted to a target molecule.

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Fürjes, Péter. „Controlled Focused Ion Beam Milling of Composite Solid State Nanopore Arrays for Molecule Sensing“. Micromachines 10, Nr. 11 (13.11.2019): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10110774.

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Various nanoscale fabrication techniques are elaborated to form artificial nanoporous/nanochannel membranes to be applied for biosensing: one of the most prevalent is the micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) compatible focused ion beam (FIB) milling. This technique can be easily adopted in micro- and nanomachining process sequences to develop composite multi-pore structures, although its precision and reproducibility are key points in the case of these thick multi-layered membranes. This work is to demonstrate a comprehensive characterisation of FIB milling to improve the reliability of the fabrication of solid state nanopore arrays with precisely predetermined pore geometries for a targeted molecule type to be recognised. The statistical geometric features of the fabricated nanopores were recorded as the function of the process parameters, and the resulting geometries were analysed in detail by high resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and ion scanning microscopy. Continuous function of the pore diameter evolution rate was derived from the experimental results in the case of different material structures, and compared to former dissentient estimations. The additional metal layer was deposited onto the backside of the membrane and grounded during the ion milling to prevent the electrical charging of dielectric layers. The study proved that the conformity of the pore geometry and the reliability of their fabrication could be improved significantly. The applicability of the developed nanopore arrays for molecule detection was also considered by characterising the pore diameter dependent sensitivity of the membrane impedance modulation based measurement method.

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Kong, Hai Yan, Ji Huan He, Rou Xi Chen und Liang Wang. „Highly Selective Adsorption of Plants' Leaves on Nanoparticles“. Journal of Nano Research 22 (Mai 2013): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.22.71.

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Adsorption of fine particles in air by a leaf is studied experimentally. It is found that each leaf can absorb only a kind of particles with almost same size, and it also exhibits high selectivity over other particles. The SEM study reveals that the size of nanopore on the epidermis is a main factor of the highly selective adsorption; the smaller nanopores can absorb larger nanoparticles in air. The morphology of a lotus leaf, which is waterproof and dustproof, has, on the other hand, many short nanofibrils instead of nanopores. It is concluded that the nanoscale geometrical structure of a surface affects its attraction/repulsion property. The experiment also shows that one square millimeter surface with nanopores in diameter of 18 nm can absorb 2 million nanoparticles of about 200 nm in diameter from air in 24 hours. A better understanding of the adsorption/repulsion mechanism could help the further design of bio-mimetic waterproof/dustproof artificial materials and artificial porous materials/fabrics/nonwovens for adsorption of nanoparticles in air.

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Agapova, O. I., A. E. Efimov, M. M. Moisenovich, V. G. Bogush und I. I. Agapov. „COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL NANOSTRUCTURE OF POROUS BIOCOMPATIBLE SCAFFOLDS MADE OF RECOMBINANT SPIDROIN AND SILK FIBROIN FOR REGENERATIVE MEDICINE“. Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs 17, Nr. 2 (26.05.2015): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2015-2-37-44.

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Aim.To perform a comparison of three-dimensional nanostructure of porous biocompatible scaffolds made of fibroinBombix moriand recombinant spidroin rS1/9.Materials and methods.Three-dimensional porous scaffolds were produced by salt leaching technique. The comparison of biological characteristics of the scaffolds shows that adhesion and proliferation of mouse fibroblastsin vitroon these two types of scaffolds do not differ significantly. Comparative experimentsin vivoshow that regeneration of bone tissue of rats is faster with implantation of recombinant spidroin scaffolds. Three-dimensional nanostructure of scaffolds and interconnectivity of nanopores were studied with scanning probe nanotomography (SPNT) to explain higher regenerative activity of spidroin-based scaffolds.Results.Significant differences were detected in the integral density and volume of pores: the integral density of nanopores detected on 2D AFM images is 46 μm–2 and calculated volume porosity is 24% in rS1/9-based scaffolds; in fibroin-based three-dimensional structures density of nanopores and calculated volume porosity were 2.4 μm–2 and 0.5%, respectively. Three-dimensional reconstruction system of nanopores and clusters of interconnected nanopores in rS1/9-based scaffolds showed that volume fraction of pores interconnected in percolation clusters is 35.3% of the total pore volume or 8.4% of the total scaffold volume.Conclusion.Scanning probe nanotomography method allows obtaining unique information about topology of micro – and nanopore systems of artificial biostructures. High regenerative activity of rS1/9-based scaffolds can be explained by higher nanoporosity of the scaffolds.

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Boukari, Khaoula, Guillaume Paris, Tijani Gharbi, Sébastien Balme, Jean-Marc Janot und Fabien Picaud. „Confined Nystatin Polyenes in Nanopore Induce Biologic Ionic Selectivity“. Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2671383.

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Antifungal polyenes such as nystatin (or amphotericin B) molecules play an important role in regulating ions permeability through membrane cell. The creation of self-assembled nanopores into the fungal lipid membranes permits the leakage and the selectivity of ions (i.e., blockage of divalent cations) that cause the cell death. These abilities are thus of first interest to promote new biomimetic membranes with improved ionic properties. In the present work, we will use molecular dynamic simulations to interpret recent experimental data that showed the transfer of the nystatin action inside artificial nanopore in terms of ion permeability and selectivity. We will demonstrate that nystatin polyenes can be stabilized in a hydrophobic carbon nanotube, even at high concentration. The high potential interaction between the polyenes and the hydrophobic pore wall ensures the apparition of a hole inside the biomimetic nanopore that changes its intrinsic properties. The probability ratios of cation versus anion show interesting reproducibility of experimental measurements and, to a certain extent, opened the way for transferring biological properties in synthetic membranes.

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Lin, Jie, Yu-Jia Lv, Lei Han, Kuan Sun, Yan Xiang, Xiao-Xing Xing und Yu-Tao Li. „A Light-Driven Integrated Bio-Capacitor with Single Nano-Channel Modulation“. Nanomaterials 12, Nr. 4 (09.02.2022): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12040592.

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Bioelectronics, an emerging discipline formed by the biology and electronic information disciplines, has maintained a state of rapid development since its birth. Amongst the various functional bioelectronics materials, bacteriorhodopsin (bR), with its directional proton pump function and favorable structural stability properties, has drawn wide attention. The main contents of the paper are as follows: Inspired by the capacitive properties of natural protoplast cell membranes, a new bio-capacitor based on bR and artificial nanochannels was constructed. As a point of innovation, microfluidic chips were integrated into our device as an ion transport channel, which made the bio-capacitor more stable. Meanwhile, a single nanopore structure was integrated to improve the accuracy of the device structure. Experiments observed that the size of the nanopore affected the ion transmission rate. Consequently, by making the single nanopore’s size change, the photocurrent duration time (PDT) of bR was effectively regulated. By using this specific phenomenon, the original transient photocurrent was successfully transformed into a square-like wave.

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Zhou, Yingge, Dilshan Sooriyaarachchi und George Z. Tan. „Fabrication of Nanopores Polylactic Acid Microtubes by Core-Sheath Electrospinning for Capillary Vascularization“. Biomimetics 6, Nr. 1 (16.02.2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics6010015.

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There has been substantial progress in tissue engineering of biological substitutes for medical applications. One of the major challenges in development of complex tissues is the difficulty of creating vascular networks for engineered constructs. The diameter of current artificial vascular channels is usually at millimeter or submillimeter level, while human capillaries are about 5 to 10 µm in diameter. In this paper, a novel core-sheath electrospinning process was adopted to fabricate nanoporous microtubes to mimic the structure of fenestrated capillary vessels. A mixture of polylactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene glycol (PEO) was used as the sheath solution and PEO was used as the core solution. The microtubes were observed under a scanning electron microscope and the images were analyzed by ImageJ. The diameter of the microtubes ranged from 1–8 microns. The diameter of the nanopores ranged from 100 to 800 nm. The statistical analysis showed that the microtube diameter was significantly influenced by the PEO ratio in the sheath solution, pump rate, and the viscosity gradient between the sheath and the core solution. The electrospun microtubes with nanoscale pores highly resemble human fenestrated capillaries. Therefore, the nanoporous microtubes have great potential to support vascularization in engineered tissues.

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Mayer, Alexander E., Polina N. Mayer, Mikhail V. Lekanov und Boris A. Panchenko. „Incipience of Plastic Flow in Aluminum with Nanopores: Molecular Dynamics and Machine-Learning-Based Description“. Metals 12, Nr. 12 (15.12.2022): 2158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12122158.

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Incipience of plastic flow in nanoporous metals under tension is an important point for the development of mechanical models of dynamic (spall) fracture. Here we study axisymmetric deformation with tension of nanoporous aluminum with different shapes and sizes of nanopores by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Random deformation paths explore a sector of tensile loading in the deformation space. The obtained MD data are used to train an artificial neural network (ANN), which approximates both an elastic stress–strain relationship in the form of tensor equation of state and a nucleation strain distance function. This ANN allows us to describe the elastic stage of deformation and the transition to the plastic flow, while the following plastic deformation and growth of pores are described by means of a kinetic model of plasticity and fracture. The parameters of this plasticity and fracture model are identified by the statistical Bayesian approach, using MD curves as the training data set. The present research uses a machine-learning-based approximation of MD data to propose a possible framework for construction of mechanical models of spall fracture in metals.

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Yang, Jian, Zhen Lei, Bo Dong, Zhongqiang Ai, Lin Peng und Gang Xie. „Synthesis and Plugging Performance of Poly (MMA-BA-ST) as a Plugging Agent in Oil-Based Drilling Fluid“. Energies 15, Nr. 20 (15.10.2022): 7626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207626.

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Nanopolymer was developed in order to solve the problem that the micron-scale plugging agent cannot effectively plug nanopores, which leads to instability of the wellbore. The oil-based nano plugging agent poly (MMA-BA-ST) was synthesized by Michael addition reaction using styrene, methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate compounds as raw materials. Poly (MMA-BA-ST) has a particle size distribution of 43.98–248.80 nm, with an average particle size of 108.70 nm, and can resist high temperatures of up to 364 °C. Poly (MMA-BA-ST) has little effect on the rheological performance parameters of drilling fluids, no significant change in the emulsion breaking voltage, significant improvement in the yield point of drilling fluids and good stability of drilling fluids. The mud cake experiment, and artificial rock properties of poly (MMA-BA-ST), showed that the best-plugging effect was achieved at 0.5% addition, with a mud cake permeability of 6.3 × 10−5 mD, a plugging rate of 72.12%, an artificial core permeability of 4.1 × 10−4 mD and a plugging rate of 88.41%. The nano plugging agent poly (MMA-BA-ST) can enter the nanopore joints under the action of formation pressure to form an effective seal, thus reducing the effect of filtrate intrusion on well wall stability.

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STARIKOV, E. B., D. HENNIG, H. YAMADA, R. GUTIERREZ, B. NORDÉN und G. CUNIBERTI. „SCREW MOTION OF DNA DUPLEX DURING TRANSLOCATION THROUGH PORE I: INTRODUCTION OF THE COARSE-GRAINED MODEL“. Biophysical Reviews and Letters 04, Nr. 03 (Juli 2009): 209–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793048009000995.

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Based upon the structural properties of DNA duplexes and their counterion-water surrounding in solution, we have introduced here a screw model which may describe translocation of DNA duplexes through artificial nanopores of the proper diameter (where the DNA counterion–hydration shell can be intact) in a qualitatively correct way. This model represents DNA as a kind of "screw," whereas the counterion-hydration shell is a kind of "nut." Mathematical conditions for stable dynamics of the DNA screw model are investigated in detail. When an electrical potential is applied across an artificial membrane with a nanopore, the "screw" and "nut" begin to move with respect to each other, so that their mutual rotation is coupled with their mutual translation. As a result, there are peaks of electrical current connected with the mutual translocation of DNA and its counterion–hydration shell, if DNA is possessed of some non-regular base-pair sequence. The calculated peaks of current strongly resemble those observed in the pertinent experiments. An analogous model could in principle be applied to DNA translocation in natural DNA–protein complexes of biological interest, where the role of "nut" would be played by protein-tailored "channels." In such cases, the DNA screw model is capable of qualitatively explaining chemical-to-mechanical energy conversion in DNA–protein molecular machines via symmetry breaking in DNA–protein friction.

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Huang, Zhongping, Weiming Zhang, Jianping Yu und Dayong Gao. „Nanoporous Alumina Membranes for Enhancing Hemodialysis“. Journal of Medical Devices 1, Nr. 1 (08.08.2006): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2360949.

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The nonuniformity of pore size and pore distribution of the current hemodialysis membrane results in low efficiency of uremic solute removal as well as the loss of albumin. By using nanotechnology, an anodic alumina membrane (ceramic membrane) with self-organized nanopore structure was produced. The objective of this study was to fabricate nanoporous alumina membranes and investigate the correlation between various anodization conditions and the pore characteristics in order to find its potential application in artificial kidney/hemodialysis. An aluminum thin film was oxidized in two electrolytes consisting of 3% and 5% sulfuric acid and 2.7% oxalic acid. The applied voltages were 12.5, 15, 17.5, and 20V for sulfuric acid and 20, 30, 40, and 50V for oxalic acid. Pore size and porosity were determined by analyzing Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images and hydraulic conductivity was measured. Results show that pore size increased linearly with voltage. Acid concentration affected pore formation but not pore size and pore distribution. Hydraulic conductivity of the ceramic membrane was higher than that of the polymer dialysis membrane. The optimal formation conditions for self-organized nanopore structure of the ceramic membrane were 12.5-17.5V in 3–5% sulfuric acid at 0°C. Under these conditions, ceramic membranes with pores size of ∼10nm diameter can be produced. In conclusion, we used anodic alumina technology to reliably produce in quantity ceramic membranes with a pore diameter of 10-50nm. Because of more uniform pore size, high porosity, high hydraulic conductivity, and resistance to high temperature, the ceramic membrane has the potential application as a hemodialysis membrane.

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Cigane, Urte, Arvydas Palevicius und Giedrius Janusas. „A Free-Standing Chitosan Membrane Prepared by the Vibration-Assisted Solvent Casting Method“. Micromachines 14, Nr. 7 (14.07.2023): 1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14071419.

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Much attention has been paid to the surface modification of artificial skin barriers for the treatment of skin tissue damage. Chitosan is one of the natural materials that could be characterized by its biocompatibility. A number of methods for the preparation of chitosan membranes have been described in scientific articles, including solvent casting methods. This study investigates an improved technology to produce chitosan membranes. Thus, chitosan membranes were prepared using a vibration-assisted solvent casting method. First, aqueous acetic acid was used to pretreat chitosan. Then, free-standing chitosan membranes were prepared by solvent casting on nanoporous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane templates, allowing for the solvent to evaporate. Using finite element methods, a study was obtained showing the influence of chitosan solutions of different concentrations on the fluid flow into nanopores using high-frequency excitation. The height of the nanopillars and the surface area of the chitosan membrane were also evaluated. In this study, the surface area of the chitosan membrane was found to increase by 15, 10 and 6 times compared to the original flat surface area. The newly produced nanopillared chitosan membranes will be applicable in the fabrication of skin barriers due to the longer nanopillars on their surface and the larger surface area.

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Trepagnier, Eliane H., Aleksandra Radenovic, David Sivak, Phillip Geissler und Jan Liphardt. „Controlling DNA Capture and Propagation through Artificial Nanopores“. Nano Letters 7, Nr. 9 (September 2007): 2824–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl0714334.

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Saleh, Omar A., und Lydia L. Sohn. „An Artificial Nanopore for Molecular Sensing“. Nano Letters 3, Nr. 1 (Januar 2003): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl0255202.

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Song, Zichen, Yuan Liang und Jing Yang. „Nanopore Detection Assisted DNA Information Processing“. Nanomaterials 12, Nr. 18 (09.09.2022): 3135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12183135.

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The deoxyribonucleotide (DNA) molecule is a stable carrier for large amounts of genetic information and provides an ideal storage medium for next-generation information processing technologies. Technologies that process DNA information, representing a cross-disciplinary integration of biology and computer techniques, have become attractive substitutes for technologies that process electronic information alone. The detailed applications of DNA technologies can be divided into three components: storage, computing, and self-assembly. The quality of DNA information processing relies on the accuracy of DNA reading. Nanopore detection allows researchers to accurately sequence nucleotides and is thus widely used to read DNA. In this paper, we introduce the principles and development history of nanopore detection and conduct a systematic review of recent developments and specific applications in DNA information processing involving nanopore detection and nanopore-based storage. We also discuss the potential of artificial intelligence in nanopore detection and DNA information processing. This work not only provides new avenues for future nanopore detection development, but also offers a foundation for the construction of more advanced DNA information processing technologies.

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Acar, Elif T., Steven Buchsbaum, Cody Combs, Francesco Fornasiero und Zuzanna S. Siwy. „A Robust Mechanism to Render Artificial Nanopores Potassium Ion Selective“. Biophysical Journal 116, Nr. 3 (Februar 2019): 293a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.1585.

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Lee, Sangwon, Baekjun Kim und Jihan Kim. „Predicting performance limits of methane gas storage in zeolites with an artificial neural network“. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, Nr. 6 (2019): 2709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta12208c.

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Gaulding, E. A., G. Liu, C. T. Chen, L. Löbbert, A. Li, G. Segev, J. Eichhorn et al. „Fabrication and optical characterization of polystyrene opal templates for the synthesis of scalable, nanoporous (photo)electrocatalytic materials by electrodeposition“. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, Nr. 23 (2017): 11601–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta00512a.

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Uemura, Sotaro. „Comprehensive quantitative analysis of single-molecule proteins using ribosome fusion nanopore technology“. Impact 2023, Nr. 3 (21.09.2023): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2023.3.6.

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The detection and analysis of proteins is important for science and medicine and methods for sequencing and synthesising proteins have been developed to assist with this. The analysis of single molecules provides more detailed and targeted information and the development of single-molecule techniques has helped to advance molecular research. Professor Sotaro Uemura, The University of Tokyo, Japan, has over 20 years experience in this field of research, with a focus on singling out and measuring single-molecule proteins using optical tweezers, fluorescence imaging and other techniques. Labelling is a key technology that facilitates the detection of target molecules and molecular sorting by the labelling process provides numerous advantages. However, there are restrictions to this technique, leading to Uemura's involvement in utilising label-free technology to assist in the detection and measurement of single molecules. Nanopore measurement is interesting, especially in its use as a DNA sequencer but, using this method, it isn't possible to pinpoint which molecule each signal comes from. Uemura is interested in using Artificial Intelligence (AI) as an additional analysis method that can link the signals. He is working with collaborators to use machine learning to determine which molecules are producing the signals identified by nanopore measurement. Single-molecule detection, biological target samples, antibodies, ribosome fusion nanopore technology, quantitative analyses, single molecule research, molecular motors, protein synthesis, optical tweezers, fluorescence imaging technologies, biomolecular functions, DNA sequencing, machine learning, Artificial Intelligence

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Zhao, Shuo, Jiaxiang Li, Jindong Hao, Tianyu Wang, Jie Gu, Cuihua An, Qibo Deng et al. „Electro-Chemical Actuation of Nanoporous Metal Materials Induced by Surface Stress“. Metals 13, Nr. 7 (28.06.2023): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13071198.

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Similar to biological muscles, the actuator materials can function as artificial muscles by directly converting an external stimulus in the form of electrical or chemical energy into a mechanical response through the reversible changes in material dimensions. As a new type of high surface-area actuator materials, nanoporous metals represent a novel class of smart electrodes that undergo reversible dimensional changes when applying an electronic voltage on the surface. The dimensional changes in nanoporous metal/polymer composite still originate from the surface stress of nanoporous metal. Additionally, this surface stress can be modulated by the co-adsorbed sulfate counter-ions that are present in the doped polymer chains coating matrix upon the application of an external potential. Nanoporous metals fabricated by dealloying have received extensive attention in many areas, such as catalysis/electrocatalysis, energy conversion/storage, and sensing/biosensing. In this review, we focus on the recent developments of dealloyed nanoporous metals in the application of actuation. In particular, we summarize the experimental strategies in the studies and highlight the recent advances in the actuator materials. Finally, we conclude with outlook and perspectives with respect to future research on dealloyed nanoporous metals in applications of actuation in electrochemical or chemical environment.

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Jovanovic-Talisman, Tijana, Jaclyn Tetenbaum-Novatt, Anna Sophia McKenney, Anton Zilman, Reiner Peters, Michael P. Rout und Brian T. Chait. „Artificial nanopores that mimic the transport selectivity of the nuclear pore complex“. Nature 457, Nr. 7232 (21.12.2008): 1023–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07600.

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28

Jovanovic-Talisman, Tijana, Jaclyn Tetenbaum-Novatt, Anna S. McKenney, Anton Zilman, Reiner Peters, Michael P. Rout und Brian T. Chait. „Artificial Nanopores that Mimic the Transport Selectivity of the Nuclear Pore Complex“. Biophysical Journal 96, Nr. 3 (Februar 2009): 545a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.2950.

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29

Astier, Yann, Lucien Datas, Randy Carney, Francesco Stellacci, Francesco Gentile und Enzo DiFabrizio. „Artificial Surface-Modified Si3N4 Nanopores for Single Surface-Modified Gold Nanoparticle Scanning“. Small 7, Nr. 4 (29.12.2010): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201002113.

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Tang, Yu-Shuo, Yu-Cheng Tsai, Tzen-Wen Chen und Szu-Yuan Li. „Artificial Kidney Engineering: The Development of Dialysis Membranes for Blood Purification“. Membranes 12, Nr. 2 (02.02.2022): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12020177.

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The artificial kidney, one of the greatest medical inventions in the 20th century, has saved innumerable lives with end stage renal disease. Designs of artificial kidney evolved dramatically in decades of development. A hollow-fibered membrane with well controlled blood and dialysate flow became the major design of the modern artificial kidney. Although they have been well established to prolong patients’ lives, the modern blood purification system is still imperfect. Patient’s quality of life, complications, and lack of metabolic functions are shortcomings of current blood purification treatment. The direction of future artificial kidneys is toward miniaturization, better biocompatibility, and providing metabolic functions. Studies and trials of silicon nanopore membranes, tissue engineering for renal cell bioreactors, and dialysate regeneration are all under development to overcome the shortcomings of current artificial kidneys. With all these advancements, wearable or implantable artificial kidneys will be achievable.

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Demkiv, Olha, Nataliya Stasyuk, Roman Serkiz, Galina Gayda, Marina Nisnevitch und Mykhailo Gonchar. „Peroxidase-Like Metal-Based Nanozymes: Synthesis, Catalytic Properties, and Analytical Application“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 2 (15.01.2021): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020777.

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Nanozymes (NZs) are nanostructured artificial enzymes that mimic catalytic properties of natural enzymes. The NZs have essential advantages over natural enzymes, namely low preparation costs, stability, high surface area, self-assembling capability, size and composition-dependent activities, broad possibility for modification, and biocompatibility. NZs have wide potential practical applications as catalysts in biosensorics, fuel-cell technology, environmental biotechnology, and medicine. Most known NZs are mimetics of oxidoreductases or hydrolases. The present work aimed to obtain effective artificial peroxidase (PO)-like NZs (nanoPOs), to characterize them, and to estimate the prospects of their analytical application. NanoPOs were synthesized using a number of nanoparticles (NPs) of transition and noble metals and were screened for their catalytic activity in solution and on electrodes. The most effective nanoPOs were chosen as NZs and characterized by their catalytic activity. Kinetic parameters, size, and structure of the best nanoPOs (Cu/CeS) were determined. Cu/CeS-based sensor for H2O2 determination showed high sensitivity (1890 A·M−1·m−2) and broad linear range (1.5–20,000 µM). The possibility to apply Cu/CeS-NZ as a selective layer in an amperometric sensor for hydrogen-peroxide analysis of commercial disinfectant samples was demonstrated.

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Frei, Heinz. „Polynuclear Photocatalysts in Nanoporous Silica for Artificial Photosynthesis“. CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 63, Nr. 11 (27.11.2009): 721–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2009.721.

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Yamada, Yuri, Masahiko Ishii, Tadashi Nakamura und Kazuhisa Yano. „Artificial Black Opal Fabricated from Nanoporous Carbon Spheres“. Langmuir 26, Nr. 12 (15.06.2010): 10044–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la1001732.

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Lansac, Yves, Prabal K. Maiti und Matthew A. Glaser. „Coarse-grained simulation of polymer translocation through an artificial nanopore“. Polymer 45, Nr. 9 (April 2004): 3099–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2004.02.040.

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35

Jubin, Laetitia, Anthony Poggioli, Alessandro Siria und Lydéric Bocquet. „Dramatic pressure-sensitive ion conduction in conical nanopores“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, Nr. 16 (02.04.2018): 4063–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721987115.

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Ion transporters in Nature exhibit a wealth of complex transport properties such as voltage gating, activation, and mechanosensitive behavior. When combined, such processes result in advanced ionic machines achieving active ion transport, high selectivity, or signal processing. On the artificial side, there has been much recent progress in the design and study of transport in ionic channels, but mimicking the advanced functionalities of ion transporters remains as yet out of reach. A prerequisite is the development of ionic responses sensitive to external stimuli. In the present work, we report a counterintuitive and highly nonlinear coupling between electric and pressure-driven transport in a conical nanopore, manifesting as a strong pressure dependence of the ionic conductance. This result is at odds with standard linear response theory and is akin to a mechanical transistor functionality. We fully rationalize this behavior on the basis of the coupled electrohydrodynamics in the conical pore by extending the Poisson–Nernst–Planck–Stokes framework. The model is shown to capture the subtle mechanical balance occurring within an extended spatially charged zone in the nanopore. The pronounced sensitivity to mechanical forcing offers leads in tuning ion transport by mechanical stimuli. The results presented here provide a promising avenue for the design of tailored membrane functionalities.

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Puebla-Hellmann, Gabriel, Marcel Mayor und Emanuel Lörtscher. „Functional Nanopores: A Solid-state Concept for Artificial Reaction Compartments and Molecular Factories“. CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 70, Nr. 6 (29.06.2016): 432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2016.432.

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Tsai, Chen-Chih, Petr Mikes, Taras Andrukh, Edgar White, Daria Monaenkova, Oleksandr Burtovyy, Ruslan Burtovyy et al. „Nanoporous artificial proboscis for probing minute amount of liquids“. Nanoscale 3, Nr. 11 (2011): 4685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1nr10773a.

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Detsi, E., P. R. Onck und J. T. M. De Hosson. „Electrochromic artificial muscles based on nanoporous metal-polymer composites“. Applied Physics Letters 103, Nr. 19 (04.11.2013): 193101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4827089.

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Nasu, Erika, Norifumi Kawakami und Kenji Miyamoto. „Nanopore-Controlled Dual-Surface Modifications on Artificial Protein Nanocages as Nanocarriers“. ACS Applied Nano Materials 4, Nr. 3 (02.03.2021): 2434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.0c02972.

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40

Xu, Wanyu, Hui Chen, Yang Li, Shuangna Liu, Kemin Wang und Jianbo Liu. „Design of DNA-Based Artificial Transmembrane Channels for Biosensing and Biomedical Applications“. Chemosensors 11, Nr. 9 (18.09.2023): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11090508.

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Biomolecular channels on the cell membrane are essential for transporting substances across the membrane to maintain cell physiological activity. Artificial transmembrane channels used to mimic biological membrane channels can regulate intra/extracellular ionic and molecular homeostasis, and they elucidate cellular structures and functionalities. Due to their program design, facile preparation, and high biocompatibility, DNA nanostructures have been widely used as scaffolds for the design of artificial transmembrane channels and exploited for ionic and molecular transport and biomedical applications. DNA-based artificial channels can be designed from two structural modules: DNA nanotubes/nanopores as transport modules for mass transportation and hydrophobic segments as anchor modules for membrane immobilization. In this review, various lipophilic modification strategies for the design of DNA channels and membrane insertion are outlined. Several types of DNA transmembrane channels are systematically summarized, including DNA wireframe channels, DNA helix bundle channels, DNA tile channels, DNA origami channels, and so on. We then discuss efforts to exploit them in biosensor and biomedical applications. For example, ligand-gated and environmental stimuli-responsive artificial transmembrane channels have been designed for transmembrane signal transduction. DNA-based artificial channels have been developed for cell mimicry and the regulation of cell behaviors. Finally, we provide some perspectives on the challenges and future developments of artificial transmembrane channel research in biomimetic science and biomedical applications.

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Kamiya, Koki. „Development of Artificial Cell Models Using Microfluidic Technology and Synthetic Biology“. Micromachines 11, Nr. 6 (30.05.2020): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11060559.

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Giant lipid vesicles or liposomes are primarily composed of phospholipids and form a lipid bilayer structurally similar to that of the cell membrane. These vesicles, like living cells, are 5–100 μm in diameter and can be easily observed using an optical microscope. As their biophysical and biochemical properties are similar to those of the cell membrane, they serve as model cell membranes for the investigation of the biophysical or biochemical properties of the lipid bilayer, as well as its dynamics and structure. Investigation of membrane protein functions and enzyme reactions has revealed the presence of soluble or membrane proteins integrated in the giant lipid vesicles. Recent developments in microfluidic technologies and synthetic biology have enabled the development of well-defined artificial cell models with complex reactions based on the giant lipid vesicles. In this review, using microfluidics, the formations of giant lipid vesicles with asymmetric lipid membranes or complex structures have been described. Subsequently, the roles of these biomaterials in the creation of artificial cell models including nanopores, ion channels, and other membrane and soluble proteins have been discussed. Finally, the complex biological functions of giant lipid vesicles reconstituted with various types of biomolecules has been communicated. These complex artificial cell models contribute to the production of minimal cells or protocells for generating valuable or rare biomolecules and communicating between living cells and artificial cell models.

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Kavokine, Nikita, Roland R. Netz und Lydéric Bocquet. „Fluids at the Nanoscale: From Continuum to Subcontinuum Transport“. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 53, Nr. 1 (05.01.2021): 377–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-071320-095958.

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Nanofluidics has firmly established itself as a new field in fluid mechanics, as novel properties have been shown to emerge in fluids at the nanometric scale. Thanks to recent developments in fabrication technology, artificial nanofluidic systems are now being designed at the scale of biological nanopores. This ultimate step in scale reduction has pushed the development of new experimental techniques and new theoretical tools, bridging fluid mechanics, statistical mechanics, and condensed matter physics. This review is intended as a toolbox for fluids at the nanometer scale. After presenting the basic equations that govern fluid behavior in the continuum limit, we show how these equations break down and new properties emerge in molecular-scale confinement. A large number of analytical estimates and physical arguments are given to organize the results and different limits.

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Brinker, Manuel, Guido Dittrich, Claudia Richert, Pirmin Lakner, Tobias Krekeler, Thomas F. Keller, Norbert Huber und Patrick Huber. „Giant electrochemical actuation in a nanoporous silicon-polypyrrole hybrid material“. Science Advances 6, Nr. 40 (September 2020): eaba1483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba1483.

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The absence of piezoelectricity in silicon makes direct electromechanical applications of this mainstream semiconductor impossible. Integrated electrical control of the silicon mechanics, however, would open up new perspectives for on-chip actuorics. Here, we combine wafer-scale nanoporosity in single-crystalline silicon with polymerization of an artificial muscle material inside pore space to synthesize a composite that shows macroscopic electrostrain in aqueous electrolyte. The voltage-strain coupling is three orders of magnitude larger than the best-performing ceramics in terms of piezoelectric actuation. We trace this huge electroactuation to the concerted action of 100 billions of nanopores per square centimeter cross section and to potential-dependent pressures of up to 150 atmospheres at the single-pore scale. The exceptionally small operation voltages (0.4 to 0.9 volts), along with the sustainable and biocompatible base materials, make this hybrid promising for bioactuator applications.

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Nuzhnyy, Dmitry, Přemysl Vaněk, Jan Petzelt, Viktor Bovtun, Martin Kempa, Ivan Gregora, Maxim Savinov et al. „Properties of BaTiO3 confined in nanoporous Vycor and artificial opal silica“. Processing and Application of Ceramics 4, Nr. 3 (2010): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1003215n.

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Using the sol-gel technique, BaTiO3 was embedded into nanoporous Vycor and artificial vitreous opal silica for the first time. About 50 vol% of the pores was filled. In case of the Vycor glass (pore diameter 4-6 nm) only amorphous phase was revealed by XRD, IR reflectivity and Raman spectra. After additional gradual annealing, no crystallization was achieved. Chemical reaction with the SiO2 skeleton started at ~1000 K. The room-temperature IR and Raman spectra clearly show characteristic vibrational modes of the ferroelectrically distorted TiO6 octahedra without any long-range order. In case of the opal matrix (densely packed silica spheres, pore diameter up to ~50 nm), crystallization of the ferroelectric BaTiO3 appeared in coexistence with the amorphous phase, but the penetration depth of the crystalline BaTiO3 was limited. From the apparent temperature independence of the effective wide-frequency dielectric response due to the essentially temperature independent effective soft mode stiffened to ~100 cm-1, we can deduce that no macroscopic percolation of the crystalline BaTiO3 has appeared in our opal matrix. Nevertheless, Raman spectra bring evidence of a diffuse ferroelectric phase transition in the opal-BaTiO3 composite.

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Pullela, Srinivasa R., Christine Andres, Wei Chen, Chuanlai Xu, Libing Wang und Nicholas A. Kotov. „Permselectivity Replication of Artificial Glomerular Basement Membranes in Nanoporous Collagen Multilayers“. Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2, Nr. 16 (August 2011): 2067–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz200880c.

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Uemura, Sotaro. „Comprehensive quantitative analysis of single-molecule proteins using ribosome fusion nanopore technology“. Impact 2023, Nr. 2 (14.04.2023): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2023.2.50.

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The detection and analysis of proteins is important for science and medicine and methods for sequencing and synthesising proteins have been developed to assist with this. The analysis of single molecules provides more detailed and targeted information and the development of single-molecule techniques has helped to advance molecular research. Professor Sotaro Uemura, The University of Tokyo, Japan, has over 20 years experience in this field of research, with a focus on singling out and measuring single-molecule proteins using optical tweezers, fluorescence imaging and other techniques. Labelling is a key technology that facilitates the detection of target molecules and molecular sorting by the labelling process provides numerous advantages. However, there are restrictions to this technique, leading to Uemuraâ–™s involvement in utilising label-free technology to assist in the detection and measurement of single molecules. Nanopore measurement is interesting, especially in its use as a DNA sequencer but, using this method, it isnâ–™t possible to pinpoint which molecule each signal comes from. Uemura is interested in using Artificial Intelligence (AI) as an additional analysis method that can link the signals. He is working with collaborators to use machine learning to determine which molecules are producing the signals identified by nanopore measurement.

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Cabello-Aguilar, Simon, Adib Abou Chaaya, Mikhael Bechelany, Céline Pochat-Bohatier, Emmanuel Balanzat, Jean-Marc Janot, Philippe Miele und Sébastien Balme. „Dynamics of polymer nanoparticles through a single artificial nanopore with a high-aspect-ratio“. Soft Matter 10, Nr. 42 (13.08.2014): 8413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm00392f.

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48

Tero, Ryugo, Ryuma Yamashita, Hiroshi Hashizume, Yoshiyuki Suda, Hirofumi Takikawa, Masaru Hori und Masafumi Ito. „Nanopore formation process in artificial cell membrane induced by plasma-generated reactive oxygen species“. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 605 (September 2016): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2016.05.014.

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49

Hallet, X., S. Mátéfi-Tempfli, M. Mátéfi-Tempfli, S. Michotte, L. Piraux, J. Vanacken und V. V. Moshchalkov. „Artificial pinning centers using the barrier layer of ordered nanoporous alumina templates“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 153 (01.03.2009): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/153/1/012013.

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Cheah, Wee-Keat, Kunio Ishikawa, Radzali Othman und Fei-Yee Yeoh. „Nanoporous biomaterials for uremic toxin adsorption in artificial kidney systems: A review“. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials 105, Nr. 5 (23.02.2016): 1232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.33475.

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