Dissertationen zum Thema „Nanoparticule anisotrope“
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Bernand-Mantel, Anne. „Transport à un électron et effets magnéto-Coulomb dans une nanoparticule unique“. Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMoukarzel, Waêl. „Synthèse et caractérisation de glycosilicones et leur application à la préparation et stabilisation de nanoparticules d'or“. Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1628/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCoupling a siloxane chain with various functional groups leads to polymers with new properties combining the flexibility of the chain with the properties of the functional groups. Accordingly, we wanted to study the grafting of saccharide groups on polysiloxane polymers. In the first part of this thesis, a new, smooth, efficient and fast method has been developed for the preparation of linear or hyperbranched polysiloxanes with lateral or terminal sugar groups. The preparation is done without the use of protecting groups for sugars. It avoids the use of acid or alkaline conditions for the deprotection thus preventing the decomposition of the siloxane chains before and after grafting the sugars. The polymers were characterized by 1H, 13C, 29Si NMR, IR and Size Exclusion Chromatography. These "glycosilicones" with grafting rate and weights adjustable at will, were subsequently used to efficiently stabilize preformed gold nanoparticles in aqueous solution even at high ionic strengths. The reducing properties of amino sugars used in this thesis for the synthesis of glycosilicones were used for a direct synthesis of nanoparticles under milder conditions than in conventional synthesis methods (such as reducing the gold salt with sodium borohydride). These amino sugars (glucosamine, glucamine) play the role of both reducing agents and stabilizers in aqueous media. The advantage of this method lies in the use of a single nontoxic reagent which can be useful for using these nanoparticles in biological tests. The one pot synthesis occurs at room temperature and leads to the formation of spherical nanoparticles with a good yield, but also induces anisotropic growth leading to the production of star shaped or multi-branched nanoparticles with very high yields. The size and number of branches of nano-stars were modulated by adjusting the experimental conditions. They were characterized regarding to their morphology, stability and optical properties by electron microscopy and UV spectroscopy
Ung, Diane. „Nanoparticules métalliques anisotropes synthétisées par vie chimique : fils, plaquettes et particules hybrides de cobalt-nickel, caractérisations physico-chimiques et propriétés magnétiques : fils d'argent auto-organisés“. Paris 7, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00202393.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBallot, Noémie. „Matériaux nanométriques à base de métaux 3d (Fe, Co, Ni) : Nouvelles voies de synthèse et caractérisations“. Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA132065/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe growing interest in nanomaterials based on 3d transition metals such as cobalt, iron and nickel finds its origin in the intrinsic properties of these elements (high magnetization of iron and high magnetocristalline constant of cobalt) combined with particular property due to nanometric size and anisotropy of these alloys. Among the numerous synthetic routes, the polyol method which belongs to the chimie douce routes allows the elaboration of several finely divided inorganic materials (oxides, hydroxides, metals) by means of reduction or forced hydrolysis reactions conducted in polyol medium. The main first contribution of this work was to take advantage of these finely divided oxides and hydroxides elaborated in polyol medium to obtain metals and alloys, through a controlled reduction in solid form under hydrogen flow. Ferromagnetic particles of CoFe2, CoFe, NiFe, Ni3Fe and Fe with a blocking temperature above 300 K were obtained. The second main contribution of this work relates elaboration of anisotropic objects. Further, a new approach is proposed: forced hydrolysis in polyol medium assisted by applying a magnetic field. This type of synthesis leads to akaganeite β7&eOOH nanowires and spinel oxides nanoparticles. A relative mild reduction (300 °C) of akaganeite nanowires allows to obtain spinels phase with same morphology and magnetic properties in agreement with the chemical composition and the particles nanoscale (superparamagnetic behavior with blocking temperaturenear 300 K, high Ms and Hc dependent on the nature of the M element in the spinel MFe2O4, high in the case of cobalt and low for nickel and iron)
Oyarzún, Medina Simón. „Spintronics in cluster-assembled nanostructures“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10166/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the last years, the progressive miniaturization of magnetic storage devices has imposed the necessity to understand how the physical properties are modified with respect to the bulk when the dimensions are reduced at the nanometric scale. For this reason an accurate method of preparation and characterization of nanostructures is extremely important. This work focuses on the magnetic and transport properties of cluster-assembled nanostructures, namely cobalt nanoparticles embedded in copper matrices. Our setup allows us to independently control the mean cluster size, the concentration and the chemical composition. The cobalt cluster production is based on magnetron sputtering and gas phase aggregation. The performance of the source permits a wide range of cluster masses, from one to several thousand atoms. As a first step we studied the role of inter-particle interactions in the transport and magnetic properties, increasing the cobalt nanoparticle concentration (from 0.5% to 2.5% and 5%). Our results demonstrate the necessary precautions and constitute a solid basis for further studies of the spintronic properties of granular systems. Finally, in order to describe the intrinsic magnetic properties of cluster-assembled nanostructures, we prepared strongly diluted samples (_0.5%) for different cluster sizes from 1.9 nm to 5.5 nm. We found that the magnetic properties are size-dependent. Using a complete magnetic characterization, sensitive to the change in the effective magnetic anisotropy, we show that the magnetic anisotropy is dominated by the contributions of the surface or of the shape of the nanoparticles
Han, Shuaiyuan. „Supramolecular Janus nanorods formed by self-assembly of polymers in aqueous medium“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS140.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleControlling the shape and the structure of nanoparticles is useful in the context of many applications. The objective of this study was to determine if and how hydrogen bonded self-assembly in water can be used to control the shape and the fine structure of polymer nanoparticles. The main effects that were demonstrated are the following. (1) Very stable rod-like particles with a length of several hundreds of nanometers and a monodisperse diameter of 10 nm can be obtained in water by self-assembly of hydrophilic polymers decorated by a penta-urea sticker. No obvious hydrophobic domain is required for its stability. (2) The structure of the spacer connecting the sticker to the polymer has a previously underestimated effect on the length of the nanorods. (3) The control of the shape of the nanoparticles by a hydrogen bonded sticker can be combined with the thermo-responsiveness of the polymer, so that the nanorods formed at room temperature disassemble at lower temperatures. (4) It is possible to prepare Janus nanorods (i.e. non-centrosymmetric rod-like particles with two sides of different compositions) by using unsymmetrical and complementary tris-urea stickers in water. The Janus topology is obtained independently of the actual polymers used. The versatility and scalability of this approach allows to investigate the rich properties that can be predicted for such easily functionalizable nano-objects. In particular, we show these Janus nanorods are superior stabilizers for oil in water emulsions
Chaudan, Elodie. „Développement de nanoémetteurs polarisés pour leur application comme sondes d'orientation“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX063/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLuminescent nanoparticles have been studied for their applications in lighting devices or as probes in biology. Among these nanoparticles, the anisotropic crystals doped with lanthanides ions emit linearly polarized light. The relation between the polarized directions and the crystallographic axis of the nanocrystals allow determining their 3D orientation, which could be an asset to track objects or to characterize flows.The purposes of this thesis were to investigate the origin of the polarized light of nanorods of lanthanum phosphate doped with europium ions (LaPO4:Eu) and to apply this polarized light to determine their orientation.First, nanorods of LaPO4:Eu are synthesized and aligned to prepare oriented films. The phase transition of the LaPO4 matrix is investigated, from the hexagonal to the monoclinic structure. The luminescence is used to track precisely the transition and show the presence of structural defects. Then the polarized spectra are observed. The polarization degrees of the monoclinic phase are higher than those of the hexagonal one. The sensitivity of the polarization with the dielectric medium is also shown.Then, the polarized light is used to determine the orientation of the nanorods. The knowledge of the polarized spectra along he nanorods axis and perpendicularly to it is used to calculate the order parameter of disoriented nanorods in a microfluidic channel and then to estimate the shear rate of the flow. Our study allows quantifying the conditions in which the nanorods can be used as probes to measure the local shear rate
Tallet, Clémence. „Nanocomposites plasmoniques anisotropes à base de copolymères à blocs et de nanoparticules d’or“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14637/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNanochemistry and self-assembly are promising ways to fabricate nanostructuredmaterials with innovative optical properties for visible light. In this work, anisotropic plasmonicnanocomposites are formulated by selectively introducing metallic nanoparticles in ordered phasesof symmetric dibloc copolymers with different strategies. For the strategy of post-incorporation, presynthesizedgold nanoparticles in aqueous medium are selectively introduced in pre-ordered phasesof an amphiphilic dibloc copolymer. Direct incorporation consists in mixing pre-synthesized goldnanoparticles and dibloc copolymer in a common solvent. In situ synthesis of nanoparticles consistsin reducing metallic precursors previously introduced in one of two blocks of a copolymer via areduction step. The influence of the size and the volume fraction of gold nanoparticles on thenanostructure and the optical properties of the nanocomposite films have been particularly studied.Morphology of macroscopic films is studied by transmission electron microscopy and small angle Xrayscattering. The nanocomposite thin films are structurally characterized by force atomicmicroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray reflectivity. The optical indices obtained byspectroscopic ellipsometry can be described with Maxwell-Garnett models, which can take intoaccount phenomenologically the effects of coupling between gold nanoparticles
Daffé, Niéli. „Anisotropies and Magnetic Couplings of Texturable Ferrofluids“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2016PA066640.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFerrofluids are colloidal suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in a carrier liquid. The intimate interaction between the magnetic nanoparticles and the liquid provides a unique system, from both fundamental and industrial application point of views, whose flow and properties can be precisely controlled using an external magnetic field. Magnetic nanoparticles of spinel ferrites MFe2O4 (M = Fe2+, Co2+, Mn2+…) are of particular scientific interest and have been extensively studied for their electrical and magnetic properties. Spinel ferrites find potential applications, notably in storage devices, for computers, or hyperthermia, for cancer treatment, where high magnetic anisotropy energies are required at the nanoscale. However, deeper knowledges of the fine mechanisms playing a significant role on the magnetic anisotropies existing in the nanospinels are necessary to help the creation of rationalized materials with controlled magnetic anisotropies for the requirement of the system. In this thesis, we have used X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (XMCD) as an original approach for probing the magnetic anisotropies and magnetic couplings of nanospinels obtained in ferrofluids. The nanoparticles are iron bearing spinels for which cobalt ions have been introduced in the spinel structure of the nanoparticles as a true makers of magnetic anisotropy. First, magnetic nanospinels have been synthesized by tuning their size and composition and using different synthesis processes. XMCD investigations revealed that the coercive field of the nanospinels is governed by the concentration of Co2+ ions sitting in octahedral sites of the spinel structure, and this can be directly linked to some synthesis parameters. Then, we have investigated core@shell nanoparticles, which can be synthesized with an appropriate choice of magnetic anisotropies for the core and the shell in order to tailor optimal magnetic properties. In the case of MnFe2O4@CoFe2O4, our findings reveal that the very thin CoFe2O4 shell imposes a strong magnetic anisotropy to the otherwise very soft MnFe2O4 core. The other class of ferrofluids that has been investigated during this thesis are binary ferrofluids that are constituted of two different types of magnetic nanoparticles. For such systems, the carrier liquid must be preserved to understand the magnetic interactions in the ferrofluid as they are. Another motivation of this thesis was thus to extend XMCD to the in situ investigation of the nanospinels dispersed in ferrofluids. We have been started a liquid cell development in the DEIMOS beamline at SOLEIL. The setup is still in progress and is aimed at being compatible with soft X-Rays short penetration depth and ultra-high vacuum environment. Hard X-ray photon-in/photon-out spectroscopy coupled to XMCD (1s2p RIXS-MCD) can be a very valuable alternative to soft X-ray XMCD at K-edge of 3d elements when liquid cell sample environment is required. The instrumental development of a liquid cell used with 1s2p RIXS-MCD spectroscopy allowed us to investigate the nanoparticles directly in the ferrofluids revealing interparticles magnetic couplings in binary ferrofluids
Robert, Anthony. „Étude du couplage magnétique dans des nanoparticules bimétalliques de FeRh et de CoTb“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1309/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe magnetic data storage is the most reliable way to store information. The perpendicular recording multiplied the storage density by ten with respect to the longitudinal recording. However, this reduction in the size of the information bits comes up against a physical limit, called the "superparamagnetic limit", which corresponds to a thermal instability of the magnetization. In order to push back this limit, it is therefore necessary to manufacture bits with strong anisotropy. But the more the grains have a large magnetic anisotropy the greater the field needed for writing must be. Thus, it's a great advantage of having a material with adjustable magnetic properties. By using materials with easily modifiable anisotropy energies, it is therefore not necessary to change the writing heads. It is with this in mind that we have chosen to study two bimetallic systems. The first is an alloy between a transition metal (Co) and a heavy earth-rare (Tb). The second system combines a transition metal (Fe) and a magnetically polarizable metal (Rh). In this work, we present results obtained on nanoparticles of Co80Tb20 and Fe50Rh50 of less than 10 nm in diameter, prepared by MS LECBD ("Mass Selected Low Energy Cluster Beam Deposition"). The samples, in the form of multilayers, are obtained by sequential deposition of nanoparticles and carbon _lm. First, a structural characterization (size dispersion, morphology, composition, crystallographic structure) by electron microscopy was carried out for both systems. Secondly, we have studied the magnetic properties of these nanoparticles by SQUID magnetometry and magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). We will see, in the case of CoTb that the reduction in size leads to profound changes in its properties with respect to the massif, especially in the coupling between the magnetic sub-lattices of Co and Tb. In the case of FeRh, after having shown that a heat treatment makes it possible to obtain chemically ordered nanoparticles B2, we will see the influence of the size effects on the metamagnetic transition characterizing this alloy
Khadra, Ghassan. „Magnetic and structural properties of size-selected FeCo nanoparticle assemblies“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10145/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOver the past few decades, use of nanostructures has become widely popular in the different field of science. Nanoparticles, in particular, are situated between the molecular level and bulk matter size. This size range gave rise to a wide variety physical phenomena that are still not quite understood. Magnetic nanoparticles are at their hype due to their applications in medical field, as a catalyst in a wide number of chemical reactions, in addition to their use for information storage devices and spintronics. In this work, we are interested in studying the intrinsic magnetic properties (magnetic moments and anisotropy) of FeCo nanoparticles. Thus, in order to completely understand their properties, mass-selected FeCo nanoparticles were prepared using the MS-LECBD (Mass Selected Low Energy Cluster Beam Deposition) technique in the sizes range of 2-6 nm and in − situ embedded in a matrix in order to separate them, to avoid coalescence during the annealing and to protect during transfer in air. From a first time, the structural properties (size, morphology, composition, crystallographic structure) of these nanopar- ticles were investigated in order to directly correlate the modification of the magnetic properties to the structure and chemical ordering of the nanoparticles after high temperature treatment. In addition to the bimetallic FeCo nanoparticles, reference Fe and Co systems were also fabricated and studied using the same techniques. The structural properties were investigated using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), anomalous x-ray diffraction (AXD) and extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) where a phase transition from a disordered A2 phase to a chemically ordered CsCl B2 phase was observed and further validated from the magnetic findings using SQUID magnetometry and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD)
Canbek, Zeliha Cansu. „Influence de taille et de la structure des germes dans la formation de nanoparticules d’or Anisotropes“. Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0052/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBetween the ongoing research on various type of nanomaterials to tune the particle sizeand crystal design in nanoscale for their potential applications, anisotropic gold nanoparticleshas attracted the most intention not only because of their divine color but also their enhancedcatalytic activities, optical properties and electrical conductivities. Event though, many effortshave been already made in the field of synthesis of anisotropic gold nanoparticles, withdefined sizes and structures, growth mechanism of many unique anisotropic shapes is still acontroversial subject.Overall objective of this thesis is to understand the origin of anisotropy during theformation of anisotropic gold nanoparticles, especially gold nanorods, in liquid phase. For ourenvisaged aim, between numerous synthetic methods developed for production ofnanoparticles, seed mediated approach is chosen for the fabrication of final anisotropic goldnanoparticles from small seeds which is grown into final nanoparticle later on. During thesynthesis of nanoparticles, those seeds play critical role as precursors to control the yield ofand the crystal structure of final anisotropic nanoparticle. Here we offer a systematical studyon the origin of anisotropy with respect to “seed size” and “crystal morphology”. Since thesesmall particles are the genesis of anisotropic metal nanoparticle synthesis, in this thesis weanswer following questions to explain the origin of anisotropy;i. How to control the crystal structure and the size of the seeds?ii. What are the influences of controlled seed size and structure on the kinetics ofnanoparticle growth?
Gallician, Guillaume. „Effets d'anisotropie dans la photo-ionisation induite par laser ultracourt de molécules et de nanomatériaux isolés en phase gazeuse“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASF018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhen the photon energy of an electromagnetic wave is large enough, its interaction with a chemical species can extract an electron. The angular distribution of the resulting photoelectron carries information on both the characteristics (intensity, polarization, photon energy) of the electromagnetic field and the properties (energy levels, final and initial states symmetries, or size of the system) of the chemical species.In this work, the ionization anisotropies of chemical species of various sizes have been studied: molecules with tens of atoms, clusters carrying hundreds of atoms and nanoparticles formed with tens of thousands of atoms. The ionization was performed on gas phase isolated species in molecular beams. This gives access to intrinsic behaviours, i.e. in absence of any perturbation by an environment. Hence, direct information is provided about the specific nature of the interaction between the chemical species and the laser field.Femtosecond pulsed laser (1 fs = 10⁻¹⁵ s) were used with wavelength of 266, 400 or 800 nm and intensities up to 10¹⁴ – 10¹⁵ W.cm⁻². A High Harmonic Generation source has also been used to probe ionization dynamics in argon clusters. Anisotropy of emission has been recorded by a Velocity Map Imaging spectrometer (VMI).The central interest is not same for species of different size and nature:- For molecules, we have focused on the observation of the photoelectron circular dichroism observed in chiral molecules upon ionization with a circularly polarized light. The photoelectron emission is favored in the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic field or in the reverse direction, according to the enantiomer that is studied.- Complex optical effects have been observed with nanoparticles, depending on their diameter (~100 nm) and the photon wavelength used (λ = 266 or 800 nm). For example, nanofocusing of the electric field has been observed on the non-irradiated face of nanoparticles, thus causing a localized strong rise of the electric field. The emission direction of photoelectrons depends on the intensity of this phenomenon compared to the capability of shadowing of the irradiated face of nanoparticles. However, a strong anisotropy has also been noticed for photoions, depending strongly on the chemical nature of the ion. In order to shed light on the different physico-chemical setup involved in the photoemission direction of ions and electrons, the effect of some of these setup has been studied : electric field intensity on target, wavelength, or chemical nature of the nanoparticle (tryptophane, sodium chloride, silicon dioxide).- The point with clusters is to describe the nature of the ionization process, whether it is direct or indirect through resonant intermediate states. To this end, we have looked at the angular dependence of the photoionization delay in argon aggregates of controlled sizes. This has been realized in collaboration with the group of Pascal Salières at LIDYL. Photoionization delays were measured using a RABBIT interferometer (Reconstruction of Attosecond Beatings By Interference of Two photon Transitions).In a nutshell, different sources of anisotropy were unraveled. Their nature mostly depends on the size of the chemical species. With molecules, it is governed by discrete electronic states, with clusters by a pseudo-continuum of coupled states and with nanoparticles by a combination of optical and chemical effects
Manchon, Delphine. „Réponse optique de nano-objets uniques anisotropes : de l’or aux métaux de transition“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10172/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe optical response of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) are known to be dominated by the Localized SurfacePlasmon Resonance (LSPR), which is highly sensitive to the size of the NPs, their shape and their environment.This optical response can be studied on single nanoparticles thanks to a highly sensitive setup based on theSpatial Modulation Spectroscopy (SMS) which gives access to their absolute extinction cross-section on a widespectral range (300–900 nm). Moreover, the morphology of the same objects studied in optics is characterized bya direct observation in Transmission or Scanning Electron Microscopy (TEM or SEM).In this work, a new setup allowing the measurement of both the extinction and the scattering of a single nanoobjecthas been developed. This technique allows a quantitative measurement of the scattering cross-sectionprovided the angular distribution of the scattered light by the NP is known.The second part is related to experimental and theoretical optical studies and morphological observationsthrough TEM and SEM of exotic nano-objects. First, a systematic study performed on a large number of goldbipyramids, chemically elaborated, has shown that the LSPR located in the red is highly sensitive to theirmorphology and to the environment. Thus, these objects can likely be used as biological sensors. In addition,emergence of a resonance induced by plasmon coupling has been evidenced on lithographed nano-antennasbased on transition metal (Pd, Pt, Cr) for which no LSPR is usually expected. This opens up prospects for novelapplications by extending the field of plasmonics to metals of various chemical properties (photocatalysis,magneto-optics)
Muro, Cruces Javier. „Improved synthesis routes and coating approaches of anisotropic magnetite nanoparticles for theranostics“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669374.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis tackles the synthesis, characterisation and functionalisation of biocompatible anisotropic iron oxide (Fe3O4) magnetic nanostructures for their application in biomedical diagnosis by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and therapy by two different modalities of hyperthermal therapy: magnetic fluid hyperthermia and photothermia. Two different types of structures were chosen for these purposes: nanocubes and nanorods. Several approaches published in literature were tested to synthesize the nanocubes. However, none of them rendered fully satisfactory results in size monodispersity, reproducibility, phase purity, high crystallinity and well-defined shape. Thus, we developed a new strategy based on the introduction of sodium oleate and a solvent mixture enabling the control of the reflux temperature and the polarity of the medium, which also resulted in an improvement of the chemical stability of the growth environment, leading to a more reproducible synthesis. The results demonstrate the successful synthesis of highly cubic particles in a very broad size range, with excellent properties and reproducibility. Concerning the nanorods, their synthesis was particularly challenging since the cubic crystal structure of Fe3O4 complicates the formation of such elongated morphologies. Among all the tested procedures, only the solvothermal synthesis provided good results. To have a better control on the size and aspect ratio new approaches based on adjusting the pressure and surfactants have been developed. The surface of the freshly synthesized particles is hydrophobic and therefore it was necessary to modify the surface to make them dispersible in biological media. In addition, the coating should provide functional groups to attach biomolecules for targeting malignant cells. Several approaches were tested and the results showed that, despite electrostatic repulsion can be enough to stabilize smaller or non-magnetic nanoparticles, in our case it was necessary to combine it also with steric hindrance to avoid irreversible aggregation. For this purpose, a novel procedure based on the formation of a lipid bilayer coating was developed which, despite providing promising results, was eventually discarded considering the time that would be required to fully optimise the protocol. Instead, a procedure based on the coating with amphiphilic copolymers was used, which also provided excellent results, ensuring colloidal stability in biological environments. The biomedical potential of the particles was evaluated first as a diagnostic tool by measuring the MRI T2 contrast of particles of different sizes and shapes, evidencing the enhanced contrast of anisotropic nanoparticles with respect to isotropic ones (spheres). In terms of therapy, the potential of the particles in terms of magnetic hyperthermia was also evaluated. The results showed the good heating capacity of the particles despite the mild conditions used in our study. In addition, thanks to a comprehensive theoretical and experimental spectroscopic study, it was established that Fe3O4 nanoparticles are suitable for photothermia, particularly in the near infrared second biological window (1000-1350 nm). This spectral range is especially appealing because it allows the application of higher powers and has a deeper penetration in human tissues. At 1064 nm were measured some heating efficiencies similar to the best photothermal agents. In addition, the magnetic and optic anisotropies were exploited for a relatively new approach for in situ local temperature sensing. The in vitro experiments using HeLa cancerous cells demonstrated that the nanoparticles are easily internalized and are not toxic for concentrations below 4 mM Fe and that photothermia using Fe3O4 nanocubes at 1064 nm is an excellent therapy for destroying cancerous cells.
Abdul, Latiff Hawa Alima Binti. „Magnetic anisotropy and coercivity of tetragonally distorted spinel ferrite particles via the Jahn-Teller distortion and the magnetoelastic coupling“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study proposes the idea of the so-called tetragonal ferrite magnets by rendering the crystal symmetry of the cubic spinel ferrites to enhance the magnetic anisotropy (and hence, enhance the coercivity). To realize this idea, we synthesized tetragonally distorted (Cu,Co)-ferrite particles and systematically characterized the magnetic properties accordingly with their lattice distortions. The intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to coercivity were investigated. To elucidate the magnetic anisotropy, we demonstrated a physical coupling model of the Jahn-Teller (JT) effect and the magnetoelastic (ME) effect within the phenomenological theory. Then, we performed coercivity analysis within two general models of coercivity to clarify the microstructure parameters contributing to the magnetization reversal mechanism. From the magnetoelastic model analysis, we demonstrated the linear expression of the magnetic anisotropy using the tetragonal parameter obtained from the JT distortion. The magnetoelastic coefficient values for Cu (B1Cu = 2 MJ/m3) and Co (B1Co = 40 MJ/m3) deduced from the experimental curve were agreeable with the value calculated for bulk copper ferrite (B1Cu bulk= 4 MJ/m3) and cobalt ferrite (B1Co bulk= 55 MJ/m3). The results suggests that the source of magnetic anisotropy can be attributed to the coupling of the JT distortion with the magnetoelastic effect of Co. Instead of an indefinite increase with x, the magnetic anisotropy Ku tends to reach a saturation value due to the competition between the magnetoelastic effect of Co and the JT effect of Cu. Between the tetragonal x = 0.1 and the cubic x = 0.2 samples, the intrinsic magnetic anisotropy constant Ku values do not vary as significantly compared to the difference in the coercivity and the anisotropy fields. The reduction of anisotropy fields above x = 0.1 then can be attributed to the increase in the spontaneous magnetization.The coercivity analysis within the micromagnetic model revealed significant contribution to the coercivity by the microstructure and the local demagnetizing effect. The microstructure parameter αMM = 0.25 obtained was a classical value in the micromagnetic analysis, suggesting the departure of anisotropy field with this reduction factor. The effective local demagnetizing factor NeffMM of about 1.4 obtained were rather large suggesting a significant demagnetizing effect. Within the global model (GM) analysis, the values of NeffGM obtained were -0.38 for the x = 0.1 sample. The negative value suggests the presence of an exchange interaction acting effectively in opposition to the dipolar interaction. Below 100 K, discrepancy in the GM suggests the idea of a local heating event following the thermal activation due to the change in Zeeman energy and ineffective heat dissipation. This event may have led to the reduction of coercive field at sufficiently low temperature in the x = 0.1 sample assuming the grains are strongly exchange-coupled
Hillion, Arnaud. „Études des propriétés magnétiques d'assemblées de nanoparticules de Co, FeRh et FeAu“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10155/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNanomagnets are at the limit between a molecular complex and the bulk state. From a fundamental standpoint, the effects due to the small size of the system and particularly the increasing surface to volume ratio are likely to bring about new properties. Nanoparticles have found numerous applications in areas such as magnetic information storage, catalysis, biotechnology, medical diagnostics and energy. In this work, nanoparticles of 1.5 to 5 nm in diameter were synthesized by low energy cluster beam deposition (LECBD) and encapsulated in different matrices. As a first step, model systems based on cobalt nanoparticles strongly diluted in different matrices were fabricated in order to study more precisely the intrinsic properties of the nanomagnets. The continuation of this work consisted in increasing the concentration of nanoparticles in order to characterize the influence of interactions on the macroscopic magnetic behavior of the particles. Finally, after the development of tools to accurately determine the properties of model systems, these tools have been applied to bimetallic systems of significant theoretical and applicative interest (FeRh and FeAu). In particular, this work shows that after annealing under ultrahigh vacuum, the FeRh alloy nanoparticles in a carbon matrix show a phase transition A1 to B2 with no trace of pollution or coalescence. This transition has been demonstrated structurally by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and magnetically by SQUID magnetometry and X-ray magnetic dichroism (XMCD)
Emilsson, Samuel. „Colloidal self-assembly of anisotropic gold nanoparticles“. Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279095.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDen kolloidala självsammansättningen av ytplasmoniska guld nanopartiklar (AuNPs) är av intresse för att utnyttja de plasmoniska kopplingseffekterna som uppstår mellan nanopartiklar. De fördelaktiga egenskaperna hos anisotropa AuNP gör dem särskilt intressanta för självsammansättningar. En litteraturstudie har gjorts på de olika strategier som används för att erhålla självsammansättningar av AuNPs med hjälp av molekylära länkar. Användningen av nanosfärer (AuNS) och nanostavar (AuNRs) i självsammansättningar undesöktes huvudsakligen. Därefter undersöktes två olika nanobipyramider (AuBPs) för användning i självsammansättningar. Koncentrationen av cetyltrimetylammonium bromid (CTAB), som täcker AuNP-ytan, manipulerades för att undersöka AuNPs stabilitet. En stabil, meta-stabil och instabil region identifierades för nanopartiklarna. Vid låga CTAB-nivåer sammansätts AuNPs ände-mot-ände. Tillsatsen av L-cystein till stabila AuNP dispersioner inducerade sammansättningar ände-mot-ände, vilket visar L-cysteins potential som en molekylär länk för AuBPs. Tillsatsen av en stor mängd CTAB stabiliserade självsammansättningarna för en längre tid. Det kinetiska beteendet hos de två AuBPs skilde sig, vilket tyder på effekten av AuNP-formen på den självsammansättningskinetiken. Denna studie erbjuder en startpunkt för utvecklingen av en robust självsammansättningstrategi för anisotropa AuNPs genom att använda L-cystein som en molekylär länk.
Gavrilov-Isaac, Véronica. „Synthèse de nanoparticules magnétiques à énergie d'anisotropie modulable“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066439/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMagnetic nanoparticles with spinel structure MFe2O4 (M = Fe, Co, Mn, Zn, Ni...) have been extensively studied for their various applications ranging from magnetic recording to biomeical applications(...)
Daffé, Niéli. „Anisotropies and Magnetic Couplings of Texturable Ferrofluids“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066640/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFerrofluids are colloidal suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in a carrier liquid. The intimate interaction between the magnetic nanoparticles and the liquid provides a unique system, from both fundamental and industrial application point of views, whose flow and properties can be precisely controlled using an external magnetic field. Magnetic nanoparticles of spinel ferrites MFe2O4 (M = Fe2+, Co2+, Mn2+…) are of particular scientific interest and have been extensively studied for their electrical and magnetic properties. Spinel ferrites find potential applications, notably in storage devices, for computers, or hyperthermia, for cancer treatment, where high magnetic anisotropy energies are required at the nanoscale. However, deeper knowledges of the fine mechanisms playing a significant role on the magnetic anisotropies existing in the nanospinels are necessary to help the creation of rationalized materials with controlled magnetic anisotropies for the requirement of the system. In this thesis, we have used X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (XMCD) as an original approach for probing the magnetic anisotropies and magnetic couplings of nanospinels obtained in ferrofluids. The nanoparticles are iron bearing spinels for which cobalt ions have been introduced in the spinel structure of the nanoparticles as a true makers of magnetic anisotropy. First, magnetic nanospinels have been synthesized by tuning their size and composition and using different synthesis processes. XMCD investigations revealed that the coercive field of the nanospinels is governed by the concentration of Co2+ ions sitting in octahedral sites of the spinel structure, and this can be directly linked to some synthesis parameters. Then, we have investigated core@shell nanoparticles, which can be synthesized with an appropriate choice of magnetic anisotropies for the core and the shell in order to tailor optimal magnetic properties. In the case of MnFe2O4@CoFe2O4, our findings reveal that the very thin CoFe2O4 shell imposes a strong magnetic anisotropy to the otherwise very soft MnFe2O4 core. The other class of ferrofluids that has been investigated during this thesis are binary ferrofluids that are constituted of two different types of magnetic nanoparticles. For such systems, the carrier liquid must be preserved to understand the magnetic interactions in the ferrofluid as they are. Another motivation of this thesis was thus to extend XMCD to the in situ investigation of the nanospinels dispersed in ferrofluids. We have been started a liquid cell development in the DEIMOS beamline at SOLEIL. The setup is still in progress and is aimed at being compatible with soft X-Rays short penetration depth and ultra-high vacuum environment. Hard X-ray photon-in/photon-out spectroscopy coupled to XMCD (1s2p RIXS-MCD) can be a very valuable alternative to soft X-ray XMCD at K-edge of 3d elements when liquid cell sample environment is required. The instrumental development of a liquid cell used with 1s2p RIXS-MCD spectroscopy allowed us to investigate the nanoparticles directly in the ferrofluids revealing interparticles magnetic couplings in binary ferrofluids
Watkins, William L. „Study and development of localised surface plasmon resonance based sensors using anisotropic spectroscopy“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS505.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLocalised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is defined as the collective oscillation of the conduction electron cloud induced by an external electric field. In the case of nanoparticles composed of noble metals such as gold, silver, or copper, the resonance is located in the visible or near UV range. The polarisability of a nanoparticle is directly proportional to four key parameters: its volume, its composition, its shape and its surrounding environment. It is these properties that make LSPR useful for sensor applications. In the case of isotropic particles, such as spheres, the LSPR spectrum shows only one absorption peak. In the case of an anisotropic particle, such as an ellipsoid, the absorption spectrum has two or more distinct peaks. If the absorption cross-section is measured with unpolarised light, multiple maxima are obtained. The key point for these type of systems is the possibility to decouple the resonances using polarised light. In this description the anisotropic system is considered microscopic, i.e. it is only made of one or two particles. In the case of a macroscopic sample, such as a colloidal solution of ellipsoids or nanorods, the absorption spectrum will always have multiple absorption maxima, and they cannot be decoupled because the sample is not globally anisotropic.On the other hand, if the sample has a global anisotropy such as aligned nanorods, or nanosphere organised in lines, it is possible to have a plasmon spectrum dependent on the light polarisation. Being able to decouple the resonances of an anisotropic sample makes it possible to measure a differential spectrum by taking the difference of the two absorption spectra. This is experimentally possible by using anisotropic transmission spectroscopy which measures the optical anisotropy. The advantage is to obtain a relative and differential spectrum more stable and reproducible. Moreover, it is now possible to follow the evolution of the optical response of the plasmonic particles no longer by measuring a spectral shift but by measuring the change in intensity of the signal at a fixed wavelength. This method is used on two case studies which are the measurement of the interaction of dihydrogen with gold nanoparticles, as well as the detection of low partial pressure of dihydrogen in a carrier gas (argon, and air) using palladium nanoparticles, for hydrogen sensing applications
MUSCAS, GIUSEPPE. „Tuning the magnetic anisotropy in nanostructured magnetic oxides“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266794.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMondiot, Frédéric. „Comportement de particules colloïdales dans des solvants nématiques : influence de la forme et de la taille“. Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00657747.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOuari, Bachir. „Dynamique de l'aimantation des particules superparamagnétique avec anisotropie triaxiale“. Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0739.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, a theoretical study of the dynamics of the magnetization of superparamagnetic nanoparticles with triaxial (orthorhombic) anisotropy has been carried out using the Néel-Brown model. Numerical and analytical solutions of the Fokker-Planck equation given by Brown, which describes the relaxation of the magnetization in the nanoparticles, have been obtained in order to facilitate this study. The process of relaxation of the magnetization is characterized by the longest relaxation time, integral relaxation time, and, in the frequency domain, by the longitudinal and transverse components of the magnetic susceptibility tensor. The numerical solutions allows us to evaluate these characteristics for typical values of the dissipation constant α, temperature T, anisotropy constants with and without a uniform external magnetic field H0. By using the approach of Kramers-Brown-Coffey, analytical equations for the magnetization relaxation times and for the longitudinal and transversals components of the magnetic susceptibility have been deduced. These analytical equations are in complete agreement with the results of our numerical calculations. They have simple analytical forms and allow one to quantify the dependence of the relaxation times and the magnetic susceptibility on the temperature T, angular frequency , strength of the external field H, and dissipation constant α. Moreover they can be used to estimate the relaxation times and the magnetic susceptibility in wide ranges of variation of T,, H, and α. The results obtained may be considered as a complete solution of the problem of relaxation of the magnetization in nano particles with triaxial anisotropy
Anop, Hanna. „Directing through low ionic strength, free polymers and metallic nanoparticles the self-organization of viral rod-shaped colloids“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0119.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFilamentous bacteriophages, due to their unique physical properties, such as size monodispersity and high colloidal stability, are widely used in soft condensed matter as a system of rod-shaped colloids. In aqueous dispersions, self-organization of these viruses has been shown to be essentially driven by entropy, which means purely repulsive (hard core) interactions between viral particles. In this thesis, by varying the nature of the interactions between viral rods, we have studied their resulting self-organization into liquid crystalline phases. For this purpose, we have first investigated the system of purely repulsive rods at very low ionic strength, where thick electric double layers are present. The phase behavior of virus suspensions at very low ionic strength has been determined using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and optical microscopy techniques. We have found that the Smectic-A phase is not stable in case of high electrostatic repulsion between viral particles and that the system undergoes a direct Cholesteric to Smectic-B phase transition by increasing rod concentration. Moreover, our results evidence that viruses with thick double layers do not form colloidal glasses at high concentrations, which contradicts recently reported findings for the same system.In a second part, we have tuned viral particle interactions from purely repulsive to attractive ones by adding non-adsorbing polymers in their suspensions, which act as depletant agent. By using polymers with coil size comparable to the rod diameter, virus self-organization initiated from the Cholesteric liquid crystalline phase results in a growth of original chiral superstructures, called helical bundles. Viruses are mostly oriented along the main bundle axis and exhibit long-range positional order, as proved by SAXS and by single particle tracking using optical microscopy. Phase diagrams of virus/polymer two-component mixtures as well as the stability with time of the resultant helical superstructures have been determined and compared for two different polymer sizes.In the last part, we have increased Van der Waals attractive interactions in our viral system by introducing gold nanoparticles into self-assembled hybrid virus-based colloids. Thus, different hybrid virus-based colloids consisting of one (scepter-like) or two (diblocks) viral filaments attached to the same gold nanoparticle have been produced. This approach using gold nanobead has been extended to link together two bacteriophages of different lengths to achieve asymmetric colloidal diblocks. Self-organization of scepter-like particles and symmetrical diblocks driven by soft effective attraction has been explored and the corresponding phase diagrams have been established. We have found that Van der Waals attractive interactions between gold nanobeads incorporated into hybrid colloids favor formation of Smectic-B like fibrils in which virus particles are organized in periodic layers separated by layers of gold nanobeads. Finally, we have studied the effect of introducing a weak asymmetry into hybrid virus-based colloids and investigated the possible segregation of their respective blocks through the formation of the lamellar Smectic-A phase.Overall, we have demonstrated an efficient way to control self-organization of virus-based colloids by varying interactions between them, which results in formation of various original self-assembled morphologies
Ridier, Karl. „Etudes des relations magnéto-structurales dans les composés à base moléculaire par diffusion des neutrons : des molécules individuelles aux nanoparticules“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112312/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOne of the major issues in the field of molecular magnetism is to better understand and predict the correlations between the structural properties of molecule-based compounds and their magnetic properties, all of which may be tunable using “bottom-up” synthesis methods. In particular, the understanding and control of the magnetic anisotropy at the atomic scale is essential, especially with the aim to design Single-Molecule Magnets (SMM) with higher blocking temperatures. In this context, this thesis work is focused on two mains subjects. The first part deals with the determination and the characterization of the local magnetic anisotropy in low-nuclearity molecular complexes based on transition ions. Polarised neutron diffraction (PND) allows us, for the first time, to directly access the local susceptibility tensor in a Low-Spin Fe3+ mononuclear complex as well as in two, mononuclear and dinuclear, High-Spin Co2+ complexes. This innovative approach leads to the establishment of unique and direct magneto-structural correlations, by relating the local magnetic principal directions with the coordination environment of the metallic ions and, in particular, with the local distortion axes. We have also carried out an original investigation by inelastic neutron scattering (INS) of a Mn3+ thermo-induced spin-transition compound in both High-Spin (HS) and Low-Spin (LS) states. On the basis of this study, we were able to propose an anisotropic spin-Hamiltonian model in both HS and LS phases, and their relationships with the structure of the molecule are discussed. In a second more exploratory part of the thesis, we have carried out by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) a complete study of the structural and magnetic properties of Prussian blue analogues (PBA) ferromagnetic nanoparticles CsNiCr. The effects of size, organization and concentration on their superparamagnetic properties have been clearly highlighted. In particular, a strong magnetic contribution has been observed for the smallest particles (5 nm diameter) which results from the manifestation of a collective process, while the biggest (28 nm diameter) appear to be in a multi-domain state
Angelo, Da Silva Monique. „Tensioactifs hydroxylés comme agent de croissance pour la synthèse de nanoparticules anisotropes d’or“. Rennes, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENCR0019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGold nanorods (AuNRs) have attracted great interest owing to their particular optical properties, strongly dependent on the size and aspect ratio (thickness/length), and thus their potential applications in optics and medicine (therapy, cancer diagnosis. . . ). In this context, the development of new strategies for the synthesis of anisotropic nanorods with high yields and selectivities remains a challenge towards an effective control of the size and morphology. Among the different preparation routes, the seed mediated method is most commonly used, especially in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a growth-driving agent. To our knowledge, few works have been reported in the literature in presence of other growth driving agents. In this context, we have developed a novel family of growth driving agents, N,N-dimethyl-N-cetyl-N-hydroxyalkylammonium salts (HAAX), producing gold nanorods with high yields and selectivities in water. These surfactants have good solubility in water and are easily synthesized in good yields and different structural parameters could be modulated such as : i ) the length of the lipophilic chain (C12 , C16 , C18), ii ) the nature of the counter ion by anionic metathesis (X- = F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, HCO3 - and BF4 -), and more particularly iii) the hydroxylated polar head. The gold nanoparticles obtained by the seed mediated method were characterized by UV -vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, showing the influence of the surfactant on the morphology and on the size (aspect ratio). Thus, this family of easily tunable ammonium salts allows access to various shapes and sizes of gold nanoparticles according to the desired target and opens interesting perspectives in terms of applications
Guyonnet, Alexandre. „Synthèse et passivation de nanoparticules anisotropes à base de cuivre“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0058.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNanoparticles, based on oxides, chalcogenides or metals, of controlled size, shape, composition,surface condition, are at the heart of very lively research activity. Much remains to be discovered as to thecompositions and structures accessible at the nanometric scale. Many applications (biosensors, solar cells, touchscreens, therapeutic vectors, etc.) benefit from the contribution of these new nanostructures.In this thesis, we propose to explore new syntheses of nanoparticles derived from copper andrecoverable for their opto-electronic and catalytic properties. We are interested in the preparation of anisotropicobjects in polyol or aqueous medium. Synthesis in a polyol medium, which is too rapid, hardly leads to theformation of anisotropic nanoparticles. It leads to the formation of hollow copper oxide microparticles. Their sizecan be modulated by accelerating the growth kinetics. Synthesis in aqueous medium, in the presence of an aminoligand, makes it possible to form copper nanoparticles with a relatively high form factor (~ 3000).Two strategies have been studied to stabilize anisotropic copper nanoparticles with respect tooxidation: (i) use of sulfur precursors to passivate the surface (ii) association of copper with a corrosion-resistantmetal. The first strategy accelerated a marked improvement in the chemical and thermal stability of copperwires. The second strategy did not lead to the formation of wires in which the two metals are truly allied.However, with zinc, ultralong copper nanowires with a high form factor (> 7000) were obtained, which made itpossible to deduce a growth mechanism in which zinc plays the role of a catalyst
Зленко, Віталій Олександрович, Виталий Александрович Зленко, Vitalii Oleksandrovych Zlenko, Максим Геннадійович Демиденко, Максим Геннадьевич Демиденко, Maksym Hennadiiovych Demydenko, Сергій Іванович Проценко, Сергей Иванович Проценко und Serhii Ivanovych Protsenko. „Synthesis and magneto-optical properties of Co nanoparticle arrays“. Thesis, Sumy State University, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35380.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRuiz, Perez Julian Dominik [Verfasser]. „Anisotropic Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles / Julian Dominik Ruiz Perez“. Konstanz : KOPS Universität Konstanz, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1199266485/34.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGeng, Xi. „Bioenabled Synthesis of Anisotropic Gold and Silver Nanoparticles“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86274.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePh. D.
Sartori, Kevin. „Studying the interfacial exchange coupling within ferrite based magnetic nanoparticles prepared following to a succession of thermal decomposition synthesis“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAE029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of rare earths in data storage devices is expensive and polluting. Their replacement with iron oxide would make it possible to avoid this. Below a size of 20 nm, iron oxide nanoparticles cannot be considered as permanent magnet. An alternative is to combine them with another magnetic phase to enhance their magnetic anisotropy via interfacial exchange coupling within core@shell nanoparticles. However, the magnetic stability of the latter remains insufficient. The scope of this thesis is to design a new type of magnetic nanoparticles of core@shell@shell structure with a Fe3-dO4 core and CoFe2O4, CoO or NiO as shells which has further enhance the magnetic properties while maintaining a size below 18 nm. The in-depth study of their structure-properties relationship was carried out using a wide set of analytical techniques
Mozul, K., A. Ishchenko, A. P. Kryshtal, L. P. Olkhovik und Z. I. Sizova. „Magnetic Anisotropy of Ultra-small Nanocrystals of CoFe2O4“. Thesis, Sumy State University, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35365.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJönsson, Petra. „Anisotropy, disorder and frustration in magnetic nanoparticle systems and spin glasses“. Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Materials Science, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-2038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMagnetic properties of nanoparticle systems and spin glasses have been investigated theoretically, and experimentally by squid magnetometry.
Two model three-dimensional spin glasses have been studied: a long-range Ag(11 at% Mn) Heisenberg spin glass and a short-range Fe0.5Mn0.5TiO3 Ising spin glass. Experimental protocols revealing ageing, memory and rejuvenation phenomena are used. Quantitative analyses of the glassy dynamics within the droplet model give evidences of significantly different exponents describing the nonequilibrium dynamics of the two samples. In particular, non-accumulative ageing related to temperature-chaos is much stronger in Ag(11 at% Mn) than in Fe0.5Mn0.5TiO3.
The physical properties of magnetic nanoparticles have been investigated with focus on the influence of dipolar interparticle interaction. For weakly coupled nanoparticles, thermodynamic perturbation theory is employed to derive analytical expressions for the linear equilibrium susceptibility, the zero-field specific heat and averages of the local dipolar fields. By introducing the averages of the dipolar fields in an expression for the relaxation rate of a single particle, a non trivial dependence of the superparamagnetic blocking on the damping coefficient is evidenced. This damping dependence is interpreted in terms of the nonaxially symmetric potential created by the transverse component of the dipolar field.
Strongly interacting nanoparticle systems are investigated experimentally in terms of spin-glass behaviour. Disorder and frustration arise in samples consisting of frozen ferrofluids from the randomness in particle position and anisotropy axes orientation. A strongly interacting system is shown to exhibit critical dynamics characteristic of a spin-glass phase transition. Ageing, memory and rejuvenation phenomena similar to those of conventional spin glasses are observed, albeit with weak temperature-chaos effects.
Jönsson, Petra. „Anisotropy, disorder and frustration in magnetic nanoparticle systems and spin glasses /“. Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2002. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5344-9/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNandiguim, Lamaï. „Etude du comportement magnétique et spectral de l'effet Faraday dans des oxydes métalliques dopés par des nanoparticules magnétiques de ferrite de cobalt“. Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES015/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is dedicated to the study of the magneto-optical properties of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles (NP) dispersed in liquid as ferrofluid, or blocked in a solid silica matrix realized with a sol-gel method. This last dispersion is a magneto-optical composite material, obtained with a low temperature process which insures its compatibility with photonic integration technologies, to produce, in the future, integrated non-reciprocal devices. The aim of the study is, on one hand, to identify which kind of NP can improve the Faraday effect and the merit factor (ratio between the Faraday effect and the absorption) of the composite material. On the other hand, the aim is to give a better understanding of the link between the magneto-optical properties and the physical characteristics of the NP. The study has been led on NP synthetized and dispersed as ferrofluid in PHENIX laboratory (UMR CNRS 8234). Optical and magneto-optical measurements were made in Hubert Curien laboratory (UMR CNRS 5516) and completed by XMCD analysis in Synchroton SOLEIL. Results show that it is necessary to use a small size of NP (5 nm) to maximize the merit factor at a wavelength of 1,5 µm. The spectral analysis of the Faraday effect shows the influence of the cationic distribution of Co2+ et Fe3+ in the spinelle structure. Coupled to XMCD results, this analysis shows that it is necessary to maximize the quantity of Co2+ in tetraedric sites to maximize the Faraday effect at 1,5 µm and to obtain an uniaxial anisotropy which allows to orientate the NP during the gelification of the sol-gel matrix
Sousa, Eduardo Carvalho. „Désordre de spins, anisotropie magnétique et magnéto-optique de nanoparticules de ferrites“. Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066678.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCipriano, Bani Hans. „Structure and properties of polymer nanocomposites containing anisotropic nanoparticles“. College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7608.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThesis research directed by: Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
CAPETTI, ELENA. „MAGNETIC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES WITH ANISOTROPIC SHAPE OR HETEROGENEOUS STRUCTURE“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/332031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleScholzen, Pascal. „RMN 59Co en champ interne pour l'étude de nanostructures de cobalt, analyse des interactions et anisotropies magnétiques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPSLS087.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn contrast to classical NMR techniques, internal field (IF) NMR, also called ferromagnetic NMR (FNR) requires no applied constant external magnetic field as the internal field present in ferromagnetic compounds suffices to polarize the nuclear spins. It allows to simultaneously study the crystalline structure, the local Co environment and the magnetic structure of cobalt containing materials. As a result, it can be applied to characterize all different kinds of Co containing materials, which are important materials in many applications of the modern society. In this work, the initial goal was to assess the potential of IF NMR to study cobalt in battery materials but, as a preliminary, a large variety of structures has been studied to assess clearly the potential of the method.The first system of interest was Co-C composites produced by ball milling under a hydrogen for carbon hydrogasification (CHG) was studied. Amongst others, 59Co IF NMR allowed to analyze the evolution of the different Co-C intermediates (Co/C solid solution & Co3C) present inside the sample throughout the CHG reaction. A direct relationship between the total amount of Co-C intermediates and the CHG reaction rate was found, meaning that the formation of the Co-C bond is the rate determining step.The second system was a structure made of parallel Co nanowires. Besides the determination of the crystalline structure, a novelty of this work is the determination of the magnetic domain-wall structure inside the wire by variation of the orientation between the NMR excitation field and the wire axis. The 59Co IF NMR analysis proved that it is not only the wire geometry and its crystalline phase that are responsible for the magnetic structure of the wire, but also the crystallite size and quality.Finally, model assemblies of Co nanoparticles were studied. IF NMR provided a sample-wide overview of the particle crystalline structures inside the sample. In addition, the superparamagnetic – ferromagnetic transition at the so-called blocking-temperature allows to determine the particle size. During the analysis of cobalt nanoparticles inside conversion reaction battery materials, it has been observed in some cases that small sized nanoparticles exhibit a ferromagnetic signal above their theoretical blocking temperature, which might be explained by particle interactions. During the study of close-packed model assemblies of Co nanoparticles no increase of Tb was observed, highlighting the difference between the effect of weak and strong particle interactions
Tallet, Clémence. „Nanocomposites plasmoniques anisotropes à base de copolymères à blocs et de nanoparticules d'or“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807461.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrumbach, Nathan. „Auto-organisation de molécules-aimants et de nanoparticules magnétiques sur des surfaces de copolymères dibloc“. Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6259.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMagnetic information storage, used in hard disks notably, has not stopped evolving toward higher storage density. Current storage systems reach their physical and technological limits, and future improvements will necessarily consist in new materials and technologies. We have studied in this work two kinds of new magnetic nanometric objects, Single Molecule Magnets (SMM) and magnetic nanoparticles, both showing magnetic bistability at the isolated individual object. These materials could help overpass current limitations and make magnetic storage densities increase by up to five orders of magnitude. This work is focused on the multiscale organisation of these objects on a surface, with the aim of forming two dimensional organised networks. The nano-objects we considered can self-organize on a surface, but correlation lengths remain short. To control and propagate nanometric organisation up to macroscopic scales, we functionalize the surface using PS-PMMA block copolymer and use microphase separation in order to structure the surface in ten nanometers wide stripes. Oriented demixtion of the block copolymer is obtained via templated self-assembly, in our case by using a surface patterned with 100 to 200 nm wide channels. Then the magnetic nano-objects selectively self-organize in networks on the polymer stripes. Multiscale spatial organisation of nanometric objects is therefore possible by combining top-down lithographic and bottom-up self techniques. Experimental study of magnetic properties of organised monolayers of SMM is challenging and has been performed with Low Temperature XMCD. We have shown that Mn12-like SMMs remain structurally intact at the surface but that their magnetic properties are unfortunately lost. Still, other SMMs or magnetic gold nanoparticles remain interesting candidates for high density magnetic storage. Finally, we have shown that the organised deposition of these nano-objects can result in magnetic anisotropy, with a large range of potential applications
Soumare, Yaghoub. „Synthèse et organisation de nanoparticules magnétiques anisotropes par Chimie Douce : nouveaux précurseurs pour aimants permanents“. Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077184.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnisotropic magnetic nanoparticles have been prepared via chimie douce methods by raduction of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) carboxylate precursors in basic solutions of 1,2-propanediol at 170°C using heterogeneous nucléation. With acatates as matal precursors, Co₈₀Ni₂₀ nanowires with a mean diameter of 8 nm and a mean length more than 200 nm were generated. The use of new cobalt carboxylate precursors led to Co nanorods with a mean diameter of 20 nm and a mean length of 100 nm. Moreover, the aspect ratio (mean length / mean diameter) can be tailored by modifying accurately the reaction parameters such as the nature of the metallic precursor, the basicity of the medium or the temperature rate. The metallic Co₈₀Ni₂₀ nanowires and Co nanorods crystallise mainly with the hexagonal close packed structure with the c axis the growth axis of the particle. These nanomaterials are ferromagnetic at room temperature and when aligned using an external magnetic field, their magnetic properties are considerably improved. These results prompt us to use these particles as building blocks for the preparation of a new class of permanent magnets
Nagy, Zsuzsanna tamara. „Synthesis of self-organized dendrimers and dendronized nanohybrids and their physical properties“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAE020/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe need to expand further the range of mesomorphic organization, develop original materials where different functionalities can be added (i.e. multifunctional), and to design “multitask materials” with tunable properties are particularly interesting and crucial challenges for potential uses in future technologies. On the one hand, we focused on the design and synthesis of multifunctional materials (liquid crystalline, dendritic, photoresponisve) which are suitable for making thin films where photoinduced optical anisotropy and surface relief gratings can be generated. The mesomorphic behaviour of these dendrimers was investigated and also their optical properties. On the other hand, we grafted structurally related protodendritic mesogenic ligands to monodisperse gold nanoparticles to elaborate liquid crystalline hybrids in order to self-organize NPs in periodic arrays. A set of dendronized gold nanohybrids was synthesized to carry out this study
El, Mrabti Halim. „Dynamique de l’aimantation des nanoparticules magnétiques en présence d’un champ magnétique alternatif“. Perpignan, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PERP1082.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the present work, the dynamics of the magnetization of single domain magnetic nanoparticles assisted by an external alternative current (ac) magnetic field of arbitrary strength and orientation, in presence of the thermal agitation, is treated in the context of the Brown’s model of coherent rotation of the magnetization. Our main objective was to treat nonlinear effects due to strong ac magnetic excitations in the dynamics of the magnetization of an individual nanoparticle and an assembly of non-interacting nanoparticles across a wide frequency range (up to 10 GHz). Our study has been focused on the nanoparticles both with a uniaxial and biaxial anisotropy. We have calculated the relevant physical quantities such as nonlinear dynamical susceptibility, magnetization reversal time, and dynamic magnetic hysteresis (DMH). The results show a strong dependence of nonlinear response and the DMH on the anisotropy constant, biaxiality constant, temperature, amplitudes and orientations of the dc and ac fields. Furthermore, in contrast to uniaxial particles, the nonlinear ac stationary response and DMH strongly depend on the azimuthal direction of the ac field and not only the polar angle between the easy axis and the external field vector. In the present work, we have developed a theoretical approach to treat the dynamics of the magnetization of the magnetic nanoparticles subjected to a strong ac field, opening a new way to the solution of other nonlinear problems
He, Zhixing. „Self-assembly of anisotropic nanostructures and interferometric spectroscopy“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97402.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoctor of Philosophy
Nanotechnology is the study and application of phenomena at the nanoscale, which is between 1 and 100 nm. Due to quantum effects, nanomaterials exhibit many interesting properties that cannot be found in bulk materials and are highly influenced by the shape of the nanostructures. One of the most promising strategies for forming complex nanostructures is to use smaller nanoparticles as building blocks. Therefore, significant efforts have been spent on the studies of the fabrication and modeling of the assembly of nanostructures. As a good starting point for analyzing the mechanism of self-assembly, we focus on the most basic structure, one-dimensional (1D) nanowires and chains. First, we demonstrate a simple method to fabricate one-dimensional magnetic chains from spherical magnetic nanoparticles in a rotating magnetic field. The growth mechanism of the nanochains is investigated, indicating the theory developed for chains formed with larger beads is not applicable at the nanoscale, and additional factors, such as the effect of temperature, need to be considered. Second, we introduce a fast, sensitive optical technique for characterizing anisotropic nanostructures. Because of their unique optical properties, gold nanorods are used to demonstrate the capabilities of the optical system. Not only static properties (orientation, aspect ratio), but also dynamics properties (rotational motion), of single gold nanorods are characterized quantitatively. Finally, this optical technique is extended to preliminary work on characterizing magnetic chain assembly. The processes of magnetic cluster binding and dissociation in a magnetic field are monitored and analyzed.
Hochepied, Jean-François. „Nanocristaux de ferrites mixtes de cobalt et de zinc : évolution des propriétés magnétiques en fonction de l'occupation des sites“. Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066245.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAzeggagh, Mohand. „Statique et dynamique d'assemblées de nanoparticules magnétiques en interactions“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS0023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe have investigated the effects of dipole-dipole interactions (DDI) on the static and dynamic properties of an assembly of magnetic nanoparticles taking account of the volume and anisotropy axes distributions and the applied magnetic field. We have obtain (approximate) analytical expressions of the magnetization as a function of the applied field, the anisotropy and the intensity of DDI. We have shown that, because of the anisotropy and the interactions, the magnetization can not be described by the Langevin function commonly used in the literature. We have also used the numerical Monte Carlo method to validate these results. The dynamical behaviour of the assembly has been studied by investigating the effect of DDI on the longitudinal relaxation time and thereby on the zero-field-cooled (ZFC) magnetization. We have shown that the effect of DDI is to lower the critical volume of the assembly which separates the dominating populations of blocked and superparamagnetic particles. It has been shown that the maximum of Tmax(H) shifts towards low values of the applied field as the intensity of DDI increases. Our results explain the corresponding experimental observations. In particular, the temperature at the maximum of the ZFC magnetization, as a function of the applied field, changes from a bell-like to a monotonically decreasing curve when the intensity of DDI increases. We emphasized the important role played by damping in the presence of a transverse field provided here by the DDI. In addition, comparing the results for textured and random anisotropy distributions, we have shown that the anisotropy texture play an important role in the variation of the critical volume of an interacting assembly. Finally, using recent works modeling surface within a effective approach, we investigate the competition between the later and DDI and provide a plausible explanation of the observed phenomena
Tritschler, Ulrich [Verfasser]. „Hierarchically Structured Composite Materials by Gluing of Anisotropic Nanoparticles / Ulrich Tritschler“. Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1113109793/34.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFontana, Jacob Paul. „Self-assembly and characterization of anisotropic metamaterials“. Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1294175153.
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