Zeitschriftenartikel: „Nano-Compliance“

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Ghabezi, P., und M. Farahani. „Trapezoidal traction–separation laws in mode II fracture in nano-composite and nano-adhesive joints“. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 37, Nr. 11 (21.03.2018): 780–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684418761001.

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The main focus of this paper is on the experimental investigation and comparison between different bridging laws. For mode II fracture in the presence of nano-particles, these laws are calculated from three data reduction schemes for describing the bridging zone and trapezoidal traction–separation law parameters. For the calculation of the energy release rate in mode II fracture, three corresponding data reduction schemes, compliance calibration method, corrected beam theory and compliance-based beam method, have been utilized for different percentages of nano-particles in the adhesives and the adherents.

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Nayak, Lakshmi, Annette Molinaro, Katherine Peters, Jennifer Clarke, Justin Jordan, John de Groot, Phioanh Nghiemphu et al. „NCOG-44. NEUROLOGIC ASSESSMENT IN NEURO-ONCOLOGY (NANO) SCALE IN A PHASE II STUDY OF PEMBROLIZUMAB OR PEMBROLIZUMAB PLUS BEVACIZUMAB IN PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA“. Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_2 (November 2020): ii138—ii139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.582.

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Abstract PURPOSE The neurologic assessment in neuro-oncology (NANO) scale was developed as a standardized metric to objectively measure neurologic function in brain tumor patients to complement radiographic assessment in defining overall outcome. A multicenter, phase 2 study of pembrolizumab with or without bevacizumab in patients with recurrent glioblastoma incorporated the NANO scale as an exploratory endpoint. METHODS Neurologic examination was evaluated at baseline and MRI assessments using the NANO scale until patients came off study. Statistical descriptive data analysis was performed using R (version 3.4.3). Correlation analysis utilized Fisher’s exact test. RESULTS NANO compliance rate was 94% in 80 patients accrued on the study. Of the 80 patients, 7 were missing NANO at baseline visit and were excluded from analysis for NANO response criteria. Fifteen patients did not have end of treatment NANO evaluation. Of 73 patients, 35 (48%) had a normal neurologic examination at baseline by NANO. Strength and language accounted for the majority of changes in neurologic function over the course of study treatment. Eighteen patients (25%) had neurologic progression by NANO, of whom 2 did not have concurrent radiographic progression. Three patients (pembrolizumab plus bevacizumab cohort) had a neurologic response associated with stable disease on MRI. NANO assessment prior to initiation of cycle 3 correlated with RANO response (p=0.011), change in KPS (p=0.002) and dexamethasone requirement (p=0.007) while those with NANO progression at this assessment had worse overall survival (291 vs 324 days), but this trend did not achieve statistical significance (p=0.2). CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of neurologic function by NANO scale was feasible in a multicenter prospective study in patients with GBM with a high compliance rate. The NANO scale objectively tracked stable neurologic function in most patients throughout the trial period and was associated with a trend for survival.

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Lim, Chooi Ling, Chandramathi S. Raju, Tooba Mahboob, Sunil Kayesth, Kamal K. Gupta, Gaurav Kumar Jain, Mahaveer Dhobi et al. „Precision and Advanced Nano-Phytopharmaceuticals for Therapeutic Applications“. Nanomaterials 12, Nr. 2 (12.01.2022): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12020238.

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Phytopharmaceuticals have been widely used globally since ancient times and acknowledged by healthcare professionals and patients for their superior therapeutic value and fewer side-effects compared to modern medicines. However, phytopharmaceuticals need a scientific and methodical approach to deliver their components and thereby improve patient compliance and treatment adherence. Dose reduction, improved bioavailability, receptor selective binding, and targeted delivery of phytopharmaceuticals can be likely achieved by molding them into specific nano-formulations. In recent decades, nanotechnology-based phytopharmaceuticals have emerged as potential therapeutic candidates for the treatment of various communicable and non-communicable diseases. Nanotechnology combined with phytopharmaceuticals broadens the therapeutic perspective and overcomes problems associated with plant medicine. The current review highlights the therapeutic application of various nano-phytopharmaceuticals in neurological, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and gastro-intestinal disorders. We conclude that nano-phytopharmaceuticals emerge as promising therapeutics for many pathological conditions with good compliance and higher acceptance.

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Shinde, Snehal M., Priti U. More, Smita P. Borkar, Vishal D. Yadav, Swapnil D. Zambare und Shrikrushn B. Sontakke. „New Trends in Emerging Novel Nanosponges Drug Delivery“. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 12, Nr. 2 (15.04.2024): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v12i2.1360.

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Medical professionals have long had trouble delivering medications to the correct location in the body and controlling their release to prevent overdose. Nano-sponges are novel and complicated molecules, which have the ability to alleviate these challenges. Utilizing nano-sponges allows for precise drug delivery to the desired location. Nano-sponge technology gets better patient compliance by delivering drugs to strategic locations while also extending dosing intervals. Various drug delivery techniques, such as parenteral, transdermal, oral, and immunosuppressive drugs, involve Nano-sponges. In today's world, nanosponges are used in gastro-retentive drug delivery systems.

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Lee, Dong Keun, Min-Hwi Kim, Suhyun Bang, Tae-Hyeon Kim, Sungjun Kim, Seongjae Cho und Byung-Gook Park. „Multilevel Switching Characteristics of Si3N4-Based Nano-Wedge Resistive Switching Memory and Array Simulation for In-Memory Computing Application“. Electronics 9, Nr. 8 (30.07.2020): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081228.

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In this research, nano-wedge resistive switching random-access memory (ReRAM) based on a Si3N4 switching layer and silicon bottom electrode was fabricated, and its multilevel switching characteristics were investigated. The wedge bottom electrode was formed by a tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) wet-etching process. The nano-wedge ReRAM was demonstrated to have different reset current levels by varying the compliance currents. To explain the effect of modulating the compliance currents, the switching characteristics of both the SET and RESET behaviors were shown. After measuring the device under four different compliance currents, it was proved to have different current levels due to an inhibited resistive state after a SET switching process. Furthermore, SPICE circuit simulation was carried out to show the effect of line resistance on current summation for the array sizes of 8 × 8 and 16 × 16. These results indicate the importance of minimizing the line resistance for successful implementation as a hardware-based neural network.

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Tang, Jingyu, Luhan Bao, Xue Li, Lin Chen und Feng F. Hong. „Potential of PVA-doped bacterial nano-cellulose tubular composites for artificial blood vessels“. Journal of Materials Chemistry B 3, Nr. 43 (2015): 8537–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tb01144b.

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Introduction of PVA can improve the compliance of bacterial nano-cellulose hydrogel, which has been suggested as a promising biomaterial for artificial blood vessels especially for small-caliber vessels.

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Park, Soyeun, und Yong J. Lee. „Nano-mechanical Compliance of Müller Cells Investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy“. International Journal of Biological Sciences 9, Nr. 7 (2013): 702–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.6473.

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Gražulytė, Judita, Audrius Vaitkus und Simona Bitarytė. „Optimisation Of Nano-ZnO And Nano-SiO₂ Mixing Time For Bitumen Modification“. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1202, Nr. 1 (01.11.2021): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1202/1/012017.

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Abstract Nanotechnologies have gradually penetrated to the field of bitumen modification especially where durable asphalt mixtures have to be designed. Longer mixing time, higher temperatures or/and higher rotation (shearing) speeds are needed to increase the dispersion of nanoparticles in bitumen. However, this is not necessarily beneficial to the physical and mechanical properties of the final material. As a result, in this study nano-zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) and nano-silica (nano-SiO2) mixing time for bitumen modification was optimized considering the physical and mechanical properties of the final bitumen. For this purpose bitumen PMB 25/55-60 was modified with nanoparticles at 180 °C using a laboratory high-shear mixer at a rotation speed of 4000 rpm for different modification time selected on the basis of literature review (60 and 90 minutes). Penetration, softening point, viscosity at 135 °C, recovery and non-recoverable creep compliance (multiple stress creep and recovery test) at 60 °C were measured in order to determine the optimal mixing time. The results showed that 60 minutes ensures the dispersion of nano-ZnO and nano-SiO2 in the bitumen PMB 25/55-60 and longer mixing time do not have a significant effect on the properties of nano-ZnO and nano-SiO2 modified bitumen (the difference was less than 7%).

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Li, Jinyin, Peng Yan und Jianming Li. „Displacement amplification ratio modeling of bridge-type nano-positioners with input displacement loss“. Mechanical Sciences 10, Nr. 1 (25.06.2019): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-10-299-2019.

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Abstract. This paper presents an improved modeling method for bridge-type mechanism by taking the input displacement loss into consideration, and establishes an amplification ratio model of bridge-type mechanism according to compliance matrix method and elastic beam theory. Moreover, the amplification ratio of the designed bridge-type nano-positioner is obtained by taking the guiding mechanism as the external load of bridge-type mechanism. Comparing with existing methods, the proposed model is more accurate, which is further verified by finite element analysis(FEA) and experimental test. The consistency of the results obtained from theoretical model, FEA and experimental testing indicates that the proposed model can accurately predict the amplification characteristics of nano-positioners, which helps the analysis and design of bridge-type nano-positioners in practical applications.

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Rehman, Mehreen, Abida Raza, Jamshaid Ali Khan und M. Aslam Zia. „Laser Responsive Cisplatin-Gold Nano-Assembly Synergizes the Effect of Cisplatin With Compliance“. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 110, Nr. 4 (April 2021): 1749–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2021.01.012.

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Xing, Yue, Peng Lu, Zhifeng Xue, Chunxia Liang, Bing Zhang, Dereje Kebebe, Hongfei Liu und Zhidong Liu. „Nano-Strategies for Improving the Bioavailability of Inhaled Pharmaceutical Formulations“. Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 20, Nr. 13 (20.08.2020): 1258–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557520666200509235945.

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Pulmonary pharmaceutical formulations are targeted for the treatment of respiratory diseases. However, their application is limited due to the physiological characteristics of the lungs, such as branching structure, mucociliary and macrophages, as well as certain properties of the drugs like particle size and solubility. Nano-formulations can ameliorate particle sizes and improve drug solubility to enhance bioavailability in the lungs. The nano-formulations for lungs reviewed in this article can be classified into nanocarriers, no-carrier-added nanosuspensions and polymer-drug conjugates. Compared with conventional inhalation preparations, these novel pulmonary pharmaceutical formulations have their own advantages, such as increasing drug solubility for better absorption and less inflammatory reaction caused by the aggregation of insoluble drugs; prolonging pulmonary retention time and reducing drug clearance; improving the patient compliance by avoiding multiple repeated administrations. This review will provide the reader with some background information for pulmonary drug delivery and give an overview of the existing literature about nano-formulations for pulmonary application to explore nano-strategies for improving the bioavailability of pulmonary pharmaceutical formulations.

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Staub de Melo, João Victor, Alexandre Luiz Manfro, Breno Salgado Barra, Natália Dell’Antonio Cadorin und Wellington Borba Broering. „Evaluation of the Rheological Behavior and the Development of Performance Equations of Asphalt Composites Produced with Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles“. Nanomaterials 13, Nr. 2 (10.01.2023): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13020288.

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This research evaluated the rheological behavior of conventional asphalt binders modified with TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles and proposed mathematical equations for performance prediction. First, composites were evaluated at high temperatures to investigate the Performance Grade (PG), non-recoverable creep compliance, and Aging Index (AI). Subsequently, the fatigue damage tolerance was determined at a temperature of 20 °C through the Linear Amplitude Sweep (LAS) test. At high temperatures, for both nanoparticles, stiffness gain was observed as the nanomaterial content increased, evidenced by the increase in the dynamic shear modulus. This resulted in an increase in the Performance Grade and reduction in non-recoverable creep compliance, leading to greater resistance to permanent deformations. Furthermore, it was found that nanoparticles were able to reduce the effects of oxidation of the asphalt matrix, corroborated by the reduction of the Aging Index (AI). Regarding the fatigue damage tolerance, for both nanoparticles, an increase in performance was observed at low deformation amplitudes and a decrease at high deformation amplitudes. Finally, the analysis of each rheological parameter allowed to define the mathematical equations capable of predicting the performance of conventional asphalt binders when modified with nano-TiO2 or nano-ZnO.

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Kakimova, Zhainagul, Duman Orynbekov, Klara Zharykbasova, Aitbek Kakimov, Yerlan Zharykbasov, Gulmira Mirasheva, Sandugash Toleubekova, Alibek Muratbayev und Godswill Ntsomboh Ntsefong. „Advancements in nano bio sensors for food quality and safety assurance – a review“. Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 17 (12.09.2023): 728–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1903.

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Nano-biosensors are rising as a promising technology for ensuring the protection and high-quality of meals merchandise. They offer excessive sensitivity, selectivity, and speedy reaction, making them ideal for detecting contaminants, pathogens, and first-rate signs in meals samples. This up to date evaluate affords a complete evaluation of recent improvements in nano-biosensor technology for meals great and safety warranty. The evaluate covers the essential standards and kinds of nano-biosensors typically utilized in meals evaluation, exploring various nanomaterials and their unique homes and sensing talents. It also discusses mixing nanomaterials with biological reputation elements, antibodies, enzymes, and DNA aptamers to enhance sensor performance. The software of nano-biosensors in detecting chemical contaminants, which includes pesticides, heavy metals, and mycotoxins, is drastically protected. Nanomaterials allow ultrasensitive detection of these contaminants, even at trace stages, ensuring the protection and compliance of meal products. The review also explores the usage of nano-biosensors for rapid identification and quantification of foodborne pathogens, such as microorganisms, viruses, and parasites, allowing on-web page pathogen detection and timely interventions to prevent outbreaks. Additionally, the review highlights the tracking of meals satisfactory signs of using nano-biosensors, including freshness, spoilage, and dietary composition. Accurate assessment of those parameters offers treasured information to manage and predict shelf-life. Overall, the advancements in nano-biosensor generation maintain high-quality promise for ensuring the integrity of meals products, defensive public fitness, and assembly regulatory standards.

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Journal, IJSREM. „DESIGNING OF COMPUTER VISION BASED SAFETY GEAR DETECTION USING YOLO V8 AND JETSON NANO“. INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, Nr. 07 (14.07.2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem36415.

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Abstract—Enhancing worker safety on construction sites is pivotal, as lapses in wearing safety gear such as helmets, masks, and vests can lead to potential hazards. To address this issue, we introduce a novel solution leveraging the YOLO V8 device to detect helmet usage among workers. However, challenges arise due to security unawareness and discomfort, causing helmet removal. To mitigate this risk, we propose an advanced system employing the Jetson Nano board and . This system not only detects helmet adherence but also monitors the use of safety masks and vests. Unlike the existing YOLO V5-based approach, our proposed system adopts YOLO V8, ensuring heightened accuracy. The integration of a CSI Camera Module further enhances real-time monitoring capabilities. Through the synergy of Jetson Nano, YOLO V8 and CSI Camera Module, we pioneer an innovative solution to enforce safety compliance by preventing unauthorized entry without proper safety measures. Index Terms— NVIDIA Jetson Nano, Object detection, Deep Learning, YOLO V8, CSI Camera module.

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Meyer-Plath, Asmus, Daphne Bäger, Nico Dziurowitz, Doris Perseke, Barbara Katrin Simonow, Carmen Thim, Daniela Wenzlaff und Sabine Plitzko. „A Practicable Measurement Strategy for Compliance Checking Number Concentrations of Airborne Nano- and Microscale Fibers“. Atmosphere 11, Nr. 11 (20.11.2020): 1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11111254.

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Despite compelling reports on asbestos-like pathogenicity, regulatory bodies have been hesitant to implement fiber number-based exposure limits for biodurable nanoscale fibers. One reason has been the lack of a practicable strategy for assessing airborne fiber number concentrations. Here, a method is proposed, detailed and tested for compliance checking concentrations of airborne nano- and microscale fibers. It relies on Poisson statistical significance testing of the observed versus a predicted number of fibers on filters that have sampled a known volume of aerosol. The prediction is based on the exposure concentration to test. Analogous to the established counting rules for WHO-fibers, which use a phase contrast microscopy-related visibility criterion of 200 nm, the new method also introduces a cut-off diameter, now at 20 nm, which is motivated by toxicological findings on multi-walled carbon nanotubes. This cut-off already reduces the workload by a factor of 400 compared to that necessary for imaging, detecting and counting nanofibers down to 1 nm in diameter. Together with waiving any attempt to absolutely quantify fiber concentrations, a compliance check at the limit-of-detection results in an analytical workload that renders our new approach practicable. The proposed method was applied to compliance checking in 14 very different workplaces that handled or machined nanofiber-containing materials. It achieved detecting violations of the German benchmark exposure level of 10,000 nanofibers per cubic meter.

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Kabeshev, B. O., D. A. Zinovkin, D. N. Bontsevich und E. A. Nadyrov. „THE EFFECT OF SURGICAL SUTURe MATERIAL MODIFIED WITH SILVER NANO-PARTICLES ON THE COURSE OF IMFLAMMATORY wound process <i>in vivo </i>IN microbial contamination“. Health and Ecology Issues, Nr. 2 (28.06.2014): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2014-11-2-23.

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The aim of the work was to study the effect of new polyamide-based antibacterial surgical sutural material modified with silver nano-particles and obtained by the method of metal and vapour synthesis on the course of inflammatory wound process in vivo. Material and methods. Polyamide threads produced by «Volot» (Russia), Specification 9432-001-24648800-95 and their analogs modified with silver nano-particles were used in the work. Sutural material was implanted into the back muscles of outbred female albino rats. Local inflammatory and tissue reaction was assessed in compliance with State Standard Specification P ISO 10993 «Medical Products. The assessment of the biological effect of medical products». Results. The research revealed earlier occurrence of the proliferative stage of inflammation when using a modified thread and formation of a well blood-supplied thin connective tissue capsule, which makes it possible to consider this as a precondition for wound healing by primary intention. Conclusion. The thread modified with silver nano-particles is more bioinert and causes less evident inflammatory response of the tissues to implantation.

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Zhao, Rong Guo, und Wen Bo Luo. „Time-Dependent Mechanical Behaviors of Polyamide 6/Nano-SiO₂ Composite“. Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (Februar 2008): 1080–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.1080.

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The uniaxial tension under various strain rates, creep under various sustained loads, and equalamplitude- strain loading and unloading tests are carried out at room temperature with polyamide 6/nano- SiO2 composite specimens. According to the elasticity recovery correspondence principle, the recovered elastic stresses (strains) in the case of prescribed strain (stress) history are calculated, and the instantaneous elastic constitutive equations are deduced. The nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive relations in single integral form on the basis of the instantaneous elastic constitutive equations are constructed and applied to model the current stress (strain) responses of polyamide 6/nano-SiO2 composite. The theoretic results agree well with the experimental data, which demonstrates that the single integral constitutive relations used in this work can accurately simulate the physical nonlinear viscoelastic properties of polyamide 6/nano-SiO2 composite. Finally, the creep curve at higher stress level is horizontally shifted along logarithmic timescale using a stress shift factor in terms of the time-stress superposition principle and superposed on that at relative lower stress level to form a master creep compliance curve that spans a longer timescale interval than the short-term test curve does, which suggests that TSSP provides an accelerated characterization method for the long-term creep performance of polyamide 6/nano-SiO2 composite.

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Myburgh, Jeanri, Wilna Liebenberg, Clarissa Willers, Admire Dube und Minja Gerber. „Investigation and Evaluation of the Transdermal Delivery of Ibuprofen in Various Characterized Nano-Drug Delivery Systems“. Pharmaceutics 15, Nr. 10 (03.10.2023): 2413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15102413.

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The aim was to assess the suitability of three nano-based transdermal drug delivery systems containing ibuprofen: a nano-emulsion, a nano-emulgel, and a colloidal suspension with ibuprofen-loaded nanoparticles. Understanding the transdermal delivery of ibuprofen using nano-based drug delivery systems can lead to more effective pain relief and improved patient compliance. Characterization tests assessed the suitability of the developed drug delivery systems. Membrane release and skin diffusion studies, along with tape stripping, were performed to determine drug release and skin permeation of ibuprofen. In vitro cytotoxicity studies on HaCaT cells were conducted using MTT and neutral red assays to evaluate the safety of the developed drug delivery systems. Characterization studies confirmed stable drug delivery systems with ideal properties for transdermal delivery. Membrane release studies demonstrated the successful release of ibuprofen. In vitro skin diffusion experiments and tape stripping, detecting ibuprofen in the receptor phase, stratum corneum-epidermis, and epidermis-dermis, indicating successful transdermal and topical delivery. The in vitro cytotoxicity studies observed only minor cytotoxic effects on HaCaT cells, indicating the safety of the developed drug delivery systems. The investigation demonstrated promising results for the transdermal delivery of ibuprofen using the developed drug delivery systems, which contributes to valuable insights that may lead to improved pain management strategies.

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Komathy J, Sangeetha S, Gayathri H und Damodharan N. „Transferosomes- Nano Vesicular Carrier for Skin Cancer“. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (21.12.2020): 2799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4557.

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Transferosomes creating a new development in delivering a drug through skin. In oral, parenteral drug delivery system shows poor patient compliance are the major complication in clinical practice. Well, Transdermal route has obtained an appreciable interest in pharmaceutical research. Transferosomes consist of both hydrophobic, hydrophilic moieties together results, the drug molecule with wide range of solubility and possess flexible Nano-vesicles formulation comprise of lipid and surfactant. It offers a versatile delivery concept for improving stability, potential for active compound. Major advantages in transferosomes are: avoidance of first pass metabolism, improve patient compliance, improve bioavailability, painless, and reduce frequency of administration. They can pretence as a carrier towards low and additionally high molecular drugs. Skin cancer occurs due to abnormal growth of skin cells it is a common diseases found in white skin. They are possible to alter their membrane flexibility as transitions approach the skin pores and spontaneously migrate through the skin. This is the so-called deformability, self-optimizing. In general, transferosome are widely deformable consequently, even very small pores are easily crossed. Current study shows that transferosomes are drug mover system that can penetrate beyond undamaged with skin stratum corneum and epidermis expands osmotic gradient foremost to penetrate the transferosome beyond the skin. Over the past few years in research has proven that Transferosomes are the fast developing one in clinical studies.

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Trilaksani, W., I. K. M. Adnyane, B. Riyanto und N. Safitri. „Nano collagen of the grouper swim bladder in compliance with quality standard of cosmetics materials“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 404 (19.12.2019): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/404/1/012050.

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Hennigs, Jan, Alison Parker, Matt Collins, Ying Jiang, Athanasios Kolios, Ewan McAdam, Leon Williams und Sean Tyrrel. „Planning and communicating prototype tests for the Nano Membrane Toilet: A critical review and proposed strategy“. Gates Open Research 3 (30.08.2019): 1532. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13057.1.

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Urban sanitation in growing cities of the Global South presents particular challenges. This led to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s Reinvent The Toilet Challenge, which sparked the development of various non-sewered sanitation technologies like the Nano Membrane Toilet. Complex disruptive technologies like this entail an extensive product development process, including various types of prototype tests. While there is an abundance of literature discussing how to build prototypes, and the optimal number of tests, there has been little focus on how to plan and conduct tests, especially in a development endeavour of this complexity. Four approaches to testing are reviewed, and their strengths and weaknesses compared. A visualised testing strategy is proposed that encompasses the entire product development process and can be used to plan and communicate prototype tests for the Nano Membrane Toilet to ultimately achieve compliance with international standards.

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Bhardwaj, Snigdha, und Ashutosh Tiwari. „Nanoemulgel: a Promising Nanolipoidal-Emulsion Based Drug Delivery System in Managing Psoriasis“. Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 20, Nr. 2 (29.12.2021): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v20i2.57174.

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Nanomedicine, a novel concept, bears much hope in delivering drug candidates having low solubility and bioavailability. Nano-emulgel, one of the emerging tools, is considered as ideal carriers for the topical delivery of lipophilic drugs to overcome these challenges in the management of psoriasis and related skin problems. Psoriasis is an auto-immune and chronic inflammatory disease affecting 2-3% population of the world. Current available treatment of psoriasis has limitations such as systemic side effects and low percutaneous permeation, which evokes a dire need to develop an alternative lipoidal nanocarrier system. Nano-emulgel is basically formed by admixing nanoemulsion system with a hydrogel matrix using both high and low energy methods. Various literatures have been reported for lipoidal nanocarriers in topical treatment suggesting reduced dose, improved percutaneous absorption and better bioavailability of lipophilic drugs with nano-emulgel delivery via topical route. Several approved marketed preparations are available that strongly support the stability of these nanocarriers in respect to its efficacy and safety. This supports the fact of using topical nano-emulgel system to deliver lipophilic drugs to overcome the sufferings from oral delivery and improved patient compliance. Therefore, it is suggested as a potential system that can be used for an effective management of psoriasis via topical route in near future. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(2): 235-246, 2021 (December)

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Wang, Xue, und Xuedong Fang. „Study on Postoperative Nursing of Patients with Gastric Diseases Based on Nano Gold Biosensor“. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, Nr. 2 (01.02.2021): 1190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.18656.

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During the interventional operation of patients with gastric disease under nano gold biosensor, the nursing staff should have professional nursing knowledge. High quality nursing is a kind of nursing intervention based on holistic nursing and patient-centered. It can make corresponding nursing measures according to the actual condition of patients, so that patients can feel high-quality nursing services. In this study, high-quality nursing measures were taken for patients with gastric diseases in the interventional treatment of nano gold biosensor. Before the operation, relevant psychological nursing measures were given to patients, and related knowledge of disease and operation were explained. The skillful movements in operation and the cordial sympathy after operation can appease the patients’ bad psychological state to a certain extent, so as to effectively reduce the patients’ anxiety, depression and other psychological emotions. High quality nursing intervention for patients with gastric diseases under the intervention of nano gold biosensor can effectively improve the degree of anxiety and depression of patients, the recovery of bowel sounds and the time of getting out of bed activities, improve the treatment compliance, and promote the early recovery of patients’ health.

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Khan, Rabia Arshad, Salman Arshad Hamdard, Haleema Sadia und Abbas Ali Naseem. „Emerging Trend of Thiolated Polymers/materials and nanomedicine in wound healing“. Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review VI, Nr. I (30.12.2021): 36–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpsr.2021(vi-i).05.

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Antimicrobial therapy failure against wound infections and arise of extended resistance highly encourages the discovery of novel mechanisms to overcome underlying issues. Major causative agent for causing wound infection is “Staphylococcus aureus” and recent medications lack antibacterial action,mucoadhesion and patient compliance. Thiolation proves itself as a novel technique for treatment of wound infections via topical application. Thiomers possesses features such as higher porosity, bio degradation, and swelling index. Thiolated products are resistant to the harsh environmental changes. Similarly, with the advancements in drug delivery, various smart drug delivery techniques lead to enhancement in drug delivery. Nano particles allow the drugs to penetrate the cells by diffusion or energy dependent process and degrade themselves at specified siteof action by either attachment of recognition ligands or responsive stimuli. Overall, the Thiolated polymers and Nano medicines depicted potential to cure wounds with increased severity meeting the required features of an ideal wound dressing.

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Lemoine, Céline, Aneesh Thakur, Danina Krajišnik, Romain Guyon, Stephanie Longet, Agnieszka Razim, Sabina Górska et al. „Technological Approaches for Improving Vaccination Compliance and Coverage“. Vaccines 8, Nr. 2 (16.06.2020): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020304.

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Vaccination has been well recognised as a critically important tool in preventing infectious disease, yet incomplete immunisation coverage remains a major obstacle to achieving disease control and eradication. As medical products for global access, vaccines need to be safe, effective and inexpensive. In line with these goals, continuous improvements of vaccine delivery strategies are necessary to achieve the full potential of immunisation. Novel technologies related to vaccine delivery and route of administration, use of advanced adjuvants and controlled antigen release (single-dose immunisation) approaches are expected to contribute to improved coverage and patient compliance. This review discusses the application of micro- and nano-technologies in the alternative routes of vaccine administration (mucosal and cutaneous vaccination), oral vaccine delivery as well as vaccine encapsulation with the aim of controlled antigen release for single-dose vaccination.

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Wang, Xiaoxiao, Jinmei Wang, Sishen Feng, Zhian Zhang, Chao Wu, Xuxu Zhang und Feiyu Kang. „Nano-Porous Silica Aerogels as Promising Biomaterials for Oral Drug Delivery of Paclitaxel“. Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 15, Nr. 7 (01.07.2019): 1532–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2019.2763.

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Not only dose oral administration have the highest safety, convenience and patient compliance, but also can improve patients' quality of life and reduce health care costs in many cases when compared to the parenteral route. However, many drugs, especially most anticancer drugs such as paclitaxel (PTX), are not orally bioavailable, which is attributed to low aqueous solubility, poor intestinal permeability, and the high level of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux. In this study, we developed a nano-porous silica aerogel delivery system for oral administration of PTX that improved the bioavailability, reduced the side effects of the drug and inhibited tumor growth. The advantages of nano-porous silica aerogel include very high porosities, vast specific surface areas, high drug-loading rate, high biological safety, excellent biocompatibility, and biological inertia, which can also be applied to a variety of drugs. The aerogel delivery system is a universal pharmaceutical system that has huge potential in the field of pharmacy.

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Hennigs, Jan, Alison Parker, Matt Collins, Ying Jiang, Athanasios Kolios, Ewan McAdam, Leon Williams und Sean Tyrrel. „Planning and communicating prototype tests for the Nano Membrane Toilet: A critical review and proposed visual tool“. Gates Open Research 3 (12.11.2019): 1532. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13057.2.

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Urban sanitation in growing cities of the Global South presents particular challenges, like the speed of their growth, the high population density, and, often, the lack of existing wastewater infrastructure. This led to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s Reinvent The Toilet Challenge, a call to develop novel, non-sewered sanitation technologies, which sparked the development of various inventions, like the Nano Membrane Toilet. Complex technologies like this entail an extensive product development process, including various iterations of prototype tests. While there is an abundance of literature discussing how to build prototypes, and the optimal number of tests, there has been little focus on how to plan, communicate, and conduct tests, especially in a product development endeavour of this complexity. Multiple aspects of testing prototypes are reviewed. A visual test planning tool is proposed that encompasses the entire product development process and can be used to plan and communicate prototype tests for the Nano Membrane Toilet to ultimately achieve compliance with international standards.

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Deulkar, Vallabh, und Sunitha Panchani. „Vitamin-E TPGS Based Microemulsion: An Approach for Solubility Enhancement of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs“. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 13, Nr. 03 (25.09.2023): 1065–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.3.47.

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Poor aqueous solubility is the primary concern for dissolving new drug substances during early development. Several novel solubility enhancement techniques such as particle size reduction, salt formation, making solid dispersion, complex formation, use of cosolvent techniques, use of surfactants, physical and chemical modification, and PH adjustment using buffering agents have been explored extensively to resolve the issue of poor aqueous solubility of drug substances. Drug delivery in micro and nano-sized formulations is one of the ways to improve the solubility of these drug candidates over the physiological pH range. In recent years, combination methods have also been considered an interesting approach where more than one solubility enhancement technique is used. The present review focuses on the feasible approach for improving the solubility by forming Vitamin E TPGS-based suspension in micro or nano form by particle size reduction. Further, by granulation or spray drying techniques, these suspensions converted to a solid dosage form for oral drug delivery for patient compliance are being explore

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Ahmed, Mohammad Zubair, Anshul Gupta, Musarrat Husain Warsi, Ahmed M. Abdelhaleem Ali, Nazeer Hasan, Farhan J. Ahmad, Ameeduzzafar Zafar und Gaurav K. Jain. „Nano Matrix Soft Confectionary for Oral Supplementation of Vitamin D: Stability and Sensory Analysis“. Gels 8, Nr. 5 (19.04.2022): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8050250.

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Vitamin D deficiency distresses nearly 50% of the population globally and multiple studies have highlighted the association of Vitamin D with a number of clinical manifestations, including musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and neurological disorders. In the current study, vitamin D oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions were developed and incorporated in edible gummies to enhance bioavailability, stability, and patient compliance. The spontaneous emulsification method was employed to produce a nano-emulsion using corn oil with tween 20 and lecithin as emulsifiers. Optimization was carried out using pseudo-ternary phase diagrams and the average particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) of the optimized nanoemulsion were found to be 118.6 ± 4.3 nm and 0.11 ± 0.30, respectively. HPLC stability analysis demonstrated that the nano-emulsion prevented the degradation and it retained more than 97% of active vitamin D over 15 days compared to 94.5% in oil solution. Similar results were obtained over further storage analysis. Vitamin D gummies based on emulsion-based gelled matrices were then developed using gelatin as hydrocolloid and varying quantities of corn oil. Texture analysis revealed that gummies formulated with 10% corn oil had the optimum hardness of 3095.6 ± 201.7 g on the first day which remained consistent on day 45 with similar values of 3594.4 ± 210.6 g. Sensory evaluation by 19 judges using the nine-point hedonic scale highlighted that the taste and overall acceptance of formulated gummies did not change significantly (p > 0.05) over 45 days storage. This study suggested that nanoemulsions consistently prevent the environmental degradation of vitamin D, already known to offer protection in GI by providing sustained intestinal release and enhancing overall bioavailability. Soft chewable matrices were easy to chew and swallow, and they provided greater patient compliance.

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Ahmad, Aftab. „Pharmacological Strategies and Recent Advancement in Nano-Drug Delivery for Targeting Asthma“. Life 12, Nr. 4 (18.04.2022): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12040596.

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With a high prevalence globally, asthma is a severe hazard to human health, as well as an economic and social burden. There are now novel therapies available for asthma with the use of nanotechnology. Recent developments in nanoscience and medicine have encouraged the creation of inhalable nanomedicines that can enhance the efficacy, patient compliance, and life quality for sufferers of asthma. Nanocarriers for asthma therapy, including liposomes, micelles, polymers, dendrimers, and inorganics, are presented in depth in this study as well as the current research status of these nanocarriers. Aerosolized nanomaterial-based drug transport systems are currently being developed, and some examples of these systems, as well as prospective future paths, are discussed. New research subjects include nano-modification of medicines and the development of innovative nano-drugs. Clinical experiments have proven that nanocarriers are both safe and effective. Before nanotherapy can be applied in clinical practice, several obstacles must be addressed. We look at some of the most recent research discoveries in the subject of nanotechnology and asthma therapy in this article.

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Hossain, Mainul, und Jaan Lellep. „Natural vibrations of nanostrips with cracks“. Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis de Mathematica 25, Nr. 1 (21.06.2021): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/acutm.2021.25.06.

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Employing the main equations of the theory of plates accounting for the rotational inertia the transverse vibrations of nanobeams and nanostrips are investigated. The nano strips under consideration have piecewise constant dimensions of cross sections. The nanosheets are weakened by cracks at re-entrant corners of steps. While the material behavior corresponds to the Eringen’s nonlocal theory of elasticity it is assumed that the cracks produce additional local compliance, which can be evaluated with the aid of the stress intensity factor at the cracktip. A numerical algorithm for determination of natural frequencies of nanosheets is developed.

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Buya, Aristote B., Ana Beloqui, Patrick B. Memvanga und Véronique Préat. „Self-Nano-Emulsifying Drug-Delivery Systems: From the Development to the Current Applications and Challenges in Oral Drug Delivery“. Pharmaceutics 12, Nr. 12 (09.12.2020): 1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12121194.

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Approximately one third of newly discovered drug molecules show insufficient water solubility and therefore low oral bio-availability. Self-nano-emulsifying drug-delivery systems (SNEDDSs) are one of the emerging strategies developed to tackle the issues associated with their oral delivery. SNEDDSs are composed of an oil phase, surfactant, and cosurfactant or cosolvent. SNEDDSs characteristics, their ability to dissolve a drug, and in vivo considerations are determinant factors in the choice of SNEDDSs excipients. A SNEDDS formulation can be optimized through phase diagram approach or statistical design of experiments. The characterization of SNEDDSs includes multiple orthogonal methods required to fully control SNEDDS manufacture, stability, and biological fate. Encapsulating a drug in SNEDDSs can lead to increased solubilization, stability in the gastro-intestinal tract, and absorption, resulting in enhanced bio-availability. The transformation of liquid SNEDDSs into solid dosage forms has been shown to increase the stability and patient compliance. Supersaturated, mucus-permeating, and targeted SNEDDSs can be developed to increase efficacy and patient compliance. Self-emulsification approach has been successful in oral drug delivery. The present review gives an insight of SNEDDSs for the oral administration of both lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds from the experimental bench to marketed products.

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Dubois, Philippe, Samuel Rosset, Muhamed Niklaus, Massoud Dadras und Herbert Shea. „Metal Ion Implanted Compliant Electrodes in Dielectric Electroactive Polymer (EAP) Membranes“. Advances in Science and Technology 61 (September 2008): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.61.18.

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One of the key factors to obtain large displacements and high efficiency with dielectric electroactive polymer (DEAPs) actuators is to have compliant electrodes. Attempts to scale DEAPs down to the mm or micrometer range have encountered major difficulties, mostly due to the challenge of micropatterning sufficiently compliant electrodes. Simply evaporating or sputtering thin metallic films on elastomer membranes produces DEAPs whose stiffness is dominated by the metallic film. Low energy metal ion implantation for fabricating compliant electrodes in DEAPs presents several advantages: a) it is clean to work with, b) it does not add thick passive layers, and c) it can be easily patterned. We use this technology to fabricate DEAPs micro-actuators whose relative displacement is the same as for macro-scale DEAPs. With transmission electron microscope (TEM) we observed the formation of metallic clusters within the elastomer (PDMS) matrix, forming a nano-composite. We focus our studies on relating the properties of this nano-composite to the implantation parameters. We identified the optimal implantation parameters for which an implanted electrode presents an exceptional combination of high electrical conductivity and low compliance.

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Zaumseil, Peter, Grzegorz Kozlowski, Yuji Yamamoto, Markus Andreas Schubert und Thomas Schroeder. „X-ray characterization of Ge dots epitaxially grown on nanostructured Si islands on silicon-on-insulator substrates“. Journal of Applied Crystallography 46, Nr. 4 (07.06.2013): 868–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889813003518.

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On the way to integrate lattice mismatched semiconductors on Si(001), the Ge/Si heterosystem was used as a case study for the concept of compliant substrate effects that offer the vision to be able to integrate defect-free alternative semiconductor structures on Si. Ge nanoclusters were selectively grown by chemical vapour deposition on Si nano-islands on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates. The strain states of Ge clusters and Si islands were measured by grazing-incidence diffraction using a laboratory-based X-ray diffraction technique. A tensile strain of up to 0.5% was detected in the Si islands after direct Ge deposition. Using a thin (∼10 nm) SiGe buffer layer between Si and Ge the tensile strain increases to 1.8%. Transmission electron microscopy studies confirm the absence of a regular grid of misfit dislocations in such structures. This clear experimental evidence for the compliance of Si nano-islands on SOI substrates opens a new integration concept that is not only limited to Ge but also extendable to semiconductors like III–V and II–VI materials.

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Aishah, B., Siti Aimi Sarah, Z.A. und Nina Naquiah, A.N. „Are Green Technology and Plant-Derived Nanomaterials the Way Forward to Halal-Certified Food Products?“ global journal al thaqafah SI, Nr. 1 (23.07.2023): 104–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7187/gjatsi072023-9.

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The wide utilization of intricate and innovative nanotechnology products with a size less than 100 nm is still uncertain due to its potential long-term health risk and environmental hazards. One of the main factors that contributes to its slow commercialization progress is nanotoxicity, that is associated to the nanomaterials synthesis and methodology used in their production. This paper provides an overview on nanotechnology, nanotoxicity, and nanofabrication techniques using green chemistry. Information regarding halal food guidelines and regulations are included. The question of whether the production of safer bio-based nanomaterials is able to meet halal compliance is addressed. This paper also highlights some of the challenges and limitation faced by the industry in adopting the green and eco-friendly nanotechnology that will support the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Although many studies had proven that green synthesis methodology produces safer nanomaterials but insufficient data on toxicological studies and life cycle assessments have delayed the establishment of legislation on nanomaterials application, as a consequence, hinders the development of halal regulations and guidelines for nano-based or nano-ingredients in the halal food industry.

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Nimase, S. A., P. B. Patil und R. B. Saudagar. „A recent review on Nanoemulsion as a topical delivery system of antipsoriatic drugs“. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, Nr. 2-s (15.04.2019): 659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i2-s.2545.

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Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are a chronic skin disease of autoimmune system that is identified as patches of abnormal skin, affecting 2-5% of the world’s population. Psoriasis is an incurable lifetime disease which can be controlled and relieved through medication. Various approaches have been explored to treat the disease. Treatment of psoriasis includes topical therapy, systemic therapy and phototherapy. Topical therapy is the main psoriasis treatment. However, the conventional topical treatment such as gel and cream have low efficiency to poor cosmetic and aesthetic appeal leading to poor patient compliance or adherence. Nanoemulsions are transparent or translucent dispersions, having the droplet size less than 100 nm with ultra-low interfacial tension, large o/w interfacial areas and long term physical stability recently, much attention has been paid to the application of Nano emulsion as drug delivery system. A small droplet size would enhance the drug delivery and penetration of a drug through the psoriasis skin layer. A good selection of oils and surfactants would enhance the transdermal treatment efficacy in psoriatic patient. Keywords: Nano emulsion topical drug delivery, psoriatic treatment

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Jena, Goutam K., und Chinam N. Patra. „NANO-BASED THERAPY FOR TREATMENT OF SKIN CARCINOMA“. INDIAN DRUGS 58, Nr. 11 (28.12.2021): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.58.11.12216.

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Skin carcinoma is a frequently occurring cancer caused due to ultra violet rays of the Sun. It starts from normal skin cells but later on transforms into cells which undergo uncontrolled mitosis. Skin cancer is not as deadly as other cancers and has no metastasis and is not life threatening. Conventional chemotherapy has in general failed to treat skin cancer due to non specific targeting, which is accompanied by several side effects. Novel therapeutic approach based on nanotechnology have emerged as the best alternative for skin cancer treatment. We presented current scenario of nano based particulate drug carrier approaches for effective therapy for skin carcinoma by reducing side effects. This approach also reduces frequency of administration and improves patient compliance. Nanotechnology has emerged as the best alternative for conventional therapy for the effective treatment of skin cancer. Nanoparticles can specifically target skin carcinoma and are able to sustain drug release and reduce side effects to a greater extent.

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Alshammari, Farhan. „Glaucoma: A review of current management, patients’ adherence, direct and indirect cost, and barriers to drug delivery“. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 23, Nr. 1 (05.02.2024): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v23i1.27.

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Glaucoma is the world’s leading cause of permanent blindness, influenced by numerous variables, including socio-demographic factors. This review considered existing management practices and innovative methods of drug delivery, as well as how they relate to patient adherence and therapy costs. Literatures were compiled using search engines including ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar and WHO database. The eye is a complex organ with various anatomical barriers presenting significant challenges in treating glaucoma due to poor patient compliance with topical ocular medications. Advanced drug delivery systems like implants, nano or microparticles, punctal plugs, contact lenses, topical ring-type systems, gels, and other depot systems such as intracameral, supraciliary, and intravitreal applied in the extraocular, periocular, or intraocular sites, significantly enhance medication absorption, reduce adverse effects, and improve patient compliance. Poor treatment adherence, stemming from various reasons, lead to inadequate glaucoma management, increasing direct (34 to 45 %) and indirect costs (55 to 66 %) of therapy. As a result, a variety of treatments including enhanced drug delivery systems have been tested to address these concerns, and some modern pharmaceuticals and drug delivery technologies are being developed.

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Maslov, Oleksandr Yu, Mykola A. Komisarenko, Serhii V. Kolisnyk, Olga V. Antonenko, Olena V. Kolisnyk und Tatyana A. Kostina. „The study of the qualitative composition and the quantitative content of phenolic compounds in dietary supplements with lingonberry“. Journal of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry 19, Nr. 4(76) (23.12.2021): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24959/ophcj.21.243782.

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Aim. Today, there are a lot of dietary supplements with lingonberry at the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine; therefore, the analysis and quality control of these products are relevant. In this connection, the aim of the research was to study the qualitative composition and determine the quantitative content of phenolic compounds in dietary supplements with lingonberry.Materials and methods. Such dietary supplements as “Extract of lingonberry” (MEDAGROPROM), “Lingonberry” (Danikafarm), “Lingonberry nano” (LSS SYSTEM) were chosen for the study. The qualitative analysis was performed by thin layer chromatography (TLC), spectrophotometry was used for the quantitative determination.Results and discussion. Hydroquinone derivatives, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids were found in the dietary supplements analyzed. The total content of phenolic compounds was 8.70, 0.26, 0.30 %, flavonoids – 6.37, 0.15, 0.12 %, hydroxycinnamic acids – 0.94, 0.06, 0.13 %, and hydroquinone derivatives – 1.01, 0.04, 0.03 % in such dietary supplements as “Extract of lingonberry” (MEDAGROPROM), “Lingonberry” (Danikafarm), “Lingonberry nano” (LSS SYSTEM), respectively. Conclusions. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the dietary supplements with lingonberry analyzed has been performed. “Extract of lingonberry” (MEDAGROPROM) dietary supplement meets the requirements of the State of Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine 2.0, whereas “Lingonberry” (Danikafarm) and “Lingonberry nano” (LSS SYSTEM) do not. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the problem of compliance of dietary supplements is relevant today and requires the introduction of regulatory documentation for the detection and determination of biologically active substances in dietary supplements.

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Gupta, Shilpi, Anusree T., Korani Harini, Dhanesh Kumar, Vimal Kumar, Shubham Kr Kulshreshtha, Durgesh Kumar Maurya und Satyarath Sonkar. „Effect of Nitrogen, Calcium and Nano Fertilizers on Growth Yield and Quality of Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.): A Review“. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, Nr. 10 (05.09.2023): 2299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i102894.

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Strawberry cultivation represents a significant sector within the agriculture industry. The use of nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), and nano fertilizers has emerged as an essential practice to improve both the yield and quality of strawberries. This comprehensive review aims to explore the multifaceted influence of these fertilizers on Fragaria × ananassa Duch, encompassing growth, quality, and environmental considerations. The study begins with an examination of historical perspectives and existing research, identifying gaps in the literature. The methodology includes a rigorous selection process for studies, with data extraction, quality assessment, and statistical analysis. The effects of N, Ca, and nano fertilizers on growth yield are thoroughly examined, considering their combined and individual contributions. The quality of strawberries is assessed based on physical appearance, nutritional content, and sensory characteristics, highlighting the role of these nutrients in color development, size, texture, vitamin content, sugar-acid balance, flavor, and aroma. The environmental impact is another critical aspect, exploring the effect on soil quality, including nutrient leaching, soil structure, microbial activity, and long-term health. The impact on surrounding ecosystems considers aquatic and terrestrial effects, biodiversity considerations, and the associated sustainability considerations. These encompass resource efficiency, environmental compliance, life cycle analysis, and integration with sustainable agricultural practices. Findings indicate that while N, Ca, and nano fertilizers significantly enhance growth and quality, careful management is essential to mitigate potential environmental concerns. The application of nano fertilizers presents promising opportunities for precise nutrient delivery, promoting efficiency, and sustainability. The review concludes by emphasizing the importance of continued research, innovation, and responsible management of these fertilizers in achieving a harmonious balance between productivity, quality, and environmental stewardship. The insights provided in this review contribute valuable knowledge to both scientific and agricultural communities, offering guidance for future research and best practices in strawberry cultivation.

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Helal, Mahmoud, Lining Sun, Liguo Chen und Weibin Rong Harbin. „Topology Optimization for a Micro/Nano Compliant Grip and Move with Parallel Movement Tips Using Multi-Objective Compliance“. Materials Testing 53, Nr. 6 (Juni 2011): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/120.110239.

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Chopra, Hitesh, Yugal Kishore Mohanta, Pradipta Ranjan Rauta, Ramzan Ahmed, Saurov Mahanta, Piyush Kumar Mishra, Paramjot Panda et al. „An Insight into Advances in Developing Nanotechnology Based Therapeutics, Drug Delivery, Diagnostics and Vaccines: Multidimensional Applications in Tuberculosis Disease Management“. Pharmaceuticals 16, Nr. 4 (12.04.2023): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16040581.

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Tuberculosis (TB), one of the deadliest contagious diseases, is a major concern worldwide. Long-term treatment, a high pill burden, limited compliance, and strict administration schedules are all variables that contribute to the development of MDR and XDR tuberculosis patients. The rise of multidrug-resistant strains and a scarcity of anti-TB medications pose a threat to TB control in the future. As a result, a strong and effective system is required to overcome technological limitations and improve the efficacy of therapeutic medications, which is still a huge problem for pharmacological technology. Nanotechnology offers an interesting opportunity for accurate identification of mycobacterial strains and improved medication treatment possibilities for tuberculosis. Nano medicine in tuberculosis is an emerging research field that provides the possibility of efficient medication delivery using nanoparticles and a decrease in drug dosages and adverse effects to boost patient compliance with therapy and recovery. Due to their fascinating characteristics, this strategy is useful in overcoming the abnormalities associated with traditional therapy and leads to some optimization of the therapeutic impact. It also decreases the dosing frequency and eliminates the problem of low compliance. To develop modern diagnosis techniques, upgraded treatment, and possible prevention of tuberculosis, the nanoparticle-based tests have demonstrated considerable advances. The literature search was conducted using Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Elsevier databases only. This article examines the possibility of employing nanotechnology for TB diagnosis, nanotechnology-based medicine delivery systems, and prevention for the successful elimination of TB illnesses.

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Lo Schiavo, Sandra, Filomena De Leo und Clara Urzì. „Present and Future Perspectives for Biocides and Antifouling Products for Stone-Built Cultural Heritage: Ionic Liquids as a Challenging Alternative“. Applied Sciences 10, Nr. 18 (20.09.2020): 6568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186568.

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This review offers an overview of the most recent research activities on counteracting the biodeterioration process of stone monuments, underlining all those aspects regarding eventual procedural drawbacks and compliance with sustainable criteria. For this purpose, the definition of “green conservation of cultural heritage” has been proposed. Its basics have been utilized in the text to highlight the issues arising from the most common conservative procedures as well as guidelines for the development of innovative technologies. The review then deals with the most innovative antimicrobial approaches, among which nano- and bio-technologies play a main role. Ionic liquids are a special class of salts, which can be prepared by applying Safe by Design concepts, to meet the Green Conservation criteria.

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Pasha, S. Imam, Aliya Meraj, Arshiya Meraj, Arwa Mohammed, Akifa Tanzil, Anam Fatima und Anupama Koneru. „Preparation and In vitro Characterization of Valerianic Acid Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles“. Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 20, Nr. 1 (30.03.2023): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3075.

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This article describe the preparation of valerianic acid loaded HPMC nanoparticles (NPs) using the nano-precipitation method. Objective of this study include enhancement of the dissolution rate of the poorly water soluble drug(Valerenic acid obtained from Valerianawallichii), and further more to look into the in vitro properties, zeta potential and surface characteristics of nanoparticles (percent yield of nanoparticles, percent encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release characteristics).In phosphate buffer medium at pH 6.8, the cumulative drug release from the original drug and nanoparticles were up to about 12% and 35%, respectively. Valerianic acid release can be enhanced by the use of nanoparticles loaded with hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), that also enhances bioavailability and patient compliance.

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Kondapuram, Parameshwar, und Suvendu K. Sahoo. „Development and Characterization of Eudragit Rl100 Nanoparticle Loaded Duloxetine Hydrochloride Gel for Transdermal Drug Delivery“. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 12, Nr. 04 (25.12.2022): 1618–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.12.4.24.

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Purpose: The study sought to examine the feasibility of transdermal delivery of duloxetine hydrochloride from a nano-gel and in-vitro assessment of the gel to demonstrate improved solubility and drug absorption from in-vitro permeation studies using rat skin. Materials and Methods: Six formulas of amorphous duloxetine hydrochloride-loaded nanoparticle (NP) using eudragit RL 100 and Tween 80 as a stabilizer in the different ratios of ethanol by the solvent antisolvent technique. The physicochemical critiques of the amorphous duloxetine hydrochloride-loaded NP have completed the best formulation, NPF6, fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), particle size, and surface morphology analysis. The nano gel on produced using NPF6 in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and carbopol glycol 934 gelling solutions. Investigated the gel’s mechanical and rheological characteristics and in-vitro permeation. Results: The chosen solvent-antisolvent precipitation technique might produce NP with desirable physicochemical characteristics. The particle size of the nanoparticle’s two factors is regulated by solvent: antisolvent surfactant content and ratio. According to the findings of the FTIR investigation, the medication and excipients were compatible. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigation reveals the development of distinct asymmetric NPs. A comparative learning process and statistical analysis discovered that the best thermosensitive nanogel of amorphized duloxetine hydrochloride NPs with higher bioavailability features was carbopol glycol 934 gel. Conclusion: As an outcome, the previously described in-vitro assessment of in-place nano gel put an example of the invention’s latent for increased solubility, patient compliance, and transdermal distribution of duloxetine hydrochloride.

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Raza, Muhammad Maad. „Effect of Stress Levels and Temperatures on Creep Compliance of Asphalt Binders“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, Nr. 1 (31.01.2023): 784–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48611.

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Abstract: Mostly, the laboratories in Pakistan use DSR (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) Test AASHTO T 315 for quality control purposes but it was designed for unmodified asphalt binders, and it gives inadequate results of modified binders. On the other hand, AASHTO T 350 called as multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test gives better result for modified binders. MSCR grades of mostly modified binders with additives, nano composites, viscous fluids is determined in this research paper. The effect of these modified as well as unmodified binders on the Creep Compliance factor is also evaluated. To characterize Creep Compliance factor along with Stress Sensitivity and Traffic Loading this test is now used. For evaluating the Stress Sensitivity of modified binders there is development of new factor called as JNR Slope instead of JNR Difference. Jnr Slope gives vast representation of asphalt binders and there is no congestion left between them. The binders which fail in JNR Difference might get satisfactory results from JNR Slope Which gives better results than the conventional way of testing. For determining the rutting behavior of modified as well as unmodified asphalt binders there is usage of peak strain factor at stress level of 100 Pascal, and 3200Pascal relatively. The values of JNR at the stress levels 25 Pascal to 25600 Pascal gives almost linear variation between modified as well as unmodified binders. This research paper is developed to determine Peak strain values, Creep Compliance factors, Stress Sensitivity Factors, And MSCR grading according to the Traffic Loading.

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Primavera, Rosita, Bhavesh D. Kevadiya, Ganesh Swaminathan, Rudilyn Joyce Wilson, Angelo De Pascale, Paolo Decuzzi und Avnesh S. Thakor. „Emerging Nano- and Micro-Technologies Used in the Treatment of Type-1 Diabetes“. Nanomaterials 10, Nr. 4 (20.04.2020): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10040789.

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Type-1 diabetes is characterized by high blood glucose levels due to a failure of insulin secretion from beta cells within pancreatic islets. Current treatment strategies consist of multiple, daily injections of insulin or transplantation of either the whole pancreas or isolated pancreatic islets. While there are different forms of insulin with tunable pharmacokinetics (fast, intermediate, and long-acting), improper dosing continues to be a major limitation often leading to complications resulting from hyper- or hypo-glycemia. Glucose-responsive insulin delivery systems, consisting of a glucose sensor connected to an insulin infusion pump, have improved dosing but they still suffer from inaccurate feedback, biofouling and poor patient compliance. Islet transplantation is a promising strategy but requires multiple donors per patient and post-transplantation islet survival is impaired by inflammation and suboptimal revascularization. This review discusses how nano- and micro-technologies, as well as tissue engineering approaches, can overcome many of these challenges and help contribute to an artificial pancreas-like system.

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Mohd Azharuddin, Theivendren Panner Selvam, Maya Sharma und Jayesh Dwivedi. „Design development and evaluation of novel ophthalmic nano lipid in situ gel-forming solution using timolol hydrochloride“. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, Nr. 4 (05.12.2020): 6837–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3654.

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The present research work was aimed to design, develop and evaluate the nano lipid-based drug delivery system by incorporating timolol hydrochloride drug for ocular therapy and improve the release of the drug through the ocular route. Nanolipids in situ gels were prepared by film hydration method involving two steps. First nano lipids were formulated with the help of organic solvents, and then they were incorporated into a gel by using gelling agents. FTIR spectrum studies were carried out for drug and the formulations which reveal that there was no interaction between the drug and excipients used. The various formulations prepared were subjected for the different evaluation parameters, which showed good and effective results for visual appearance, pH, gelation study, viscosity and ocular irritation studies. It was further observed from this research work that formulation TF2 (HPMC K-15M 0.2%w/v and Carbopol 940 0.4%w/v) had a maximum entrapment efficiency of 97.30%, drug content of about 97.67% and drug release of about 84.29% for 10 hrs. Stability studies were carried out for TF2 formulation, and they found that they were stable throughout the study period. It was finally concluded from the present work that formulations prepared were more suitable and had good patient compliance compared to the eye drops.

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MANJUNATHA, C. M., N. JAGANNATHAN, K. PADMALATHA, A. C. TAYLOR und A. J. KINLOCH. „THE EFFECT OF MICRON-RUBBER AND NANO-SILICA PARTICLES ON THE FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH BEHAVIOR OF AN EPOXY POLYMER“. International Journal of Nanoscience 10, Nr. 04n05 (August 2011): 1095–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x11009489.

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A thermosetting epoxy polymer was hybrid-modified by incorporating 9 wt.% of CTBN rubber micro particles and 10 wt.% of silica nano-particles. The unmodified and the hybrid-modified resins were poured into steel moulds and cured to produce bulk epoxy polymer sheets from which standard compact tension test specimens were machined. Fatigue crack growth tests were conducted using a 50 kN servo-hydraulic test machine, with the following test parameters: stress ratio, R = σ min /σ max = 0.1, sinusoidal waveform and frequency, ν = 3 Hz. The crack length was monitored by a compliance technique. The fracture surfaces were observed in a high resolution scanning electron microscope. The fatigue crack growth rate of the hybrid epoxy polymer was observed to be significantly lower than that of the unmodified epoxy polymer. The threshold stress intensity factor range, ΔK th , of the epoxy polymer was observed to increase by the addition of micron-rubber and nano-silica particles. The energy dissipating mechanisms viz, (i) cavitation of the rubber microparticles followed by plastic-deformation and void growth of the epoxy and, (ii) silica nanoparticle debonding followed by plastic-deformation and void growth of the epoxy, were observed to be operative and contribute for the reduced crack growth rate in the hybrid epoxy polymer.

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Barua, Himel, und Alex Povitsky. „Continuum and Molecular Modeling of Chemical Vapor Deposition at Nano-Scale Fibrous Substrates“. Mathematical and Computational Applications 28, Nr. 6 (06.12.2023): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mca28060112.

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Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a common industrial process that incorporates a complex combination of fluid flow, chemical reactions, and surface deposition. Understanding CVD processes requires rigorous and costly experimentation involving multiple spatial scales, from meters to nanometers. The numerical modeling of deposition over macro-scale substrates has been conducted in the literature and results show compliance with experimental data. For smaller-scale substrates, where the corresponding Knudsen number is larger than zero, continuum modeling does not provide accurate results, which calls for the implementation of molecular-level modeling techniques. In the current study, the finite-volume method (FVM) and Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method were combined to model the reactor-scale flow with CVD around micro- and nano-scale fibers. CVD at fibers with round cross-sections was modeled in the reactor, where fibers were oriented perpendicularly with respect to the feedstock gas flow. The DSMC method was applied to modeling flow around the matrix of nano-scale circular individual fibers. Results show that for smaller diameters of individual fibers with the same filling ratio, the residence time of gas particles inside the fibrous media reduces, and, consequently, the amount of material surface deposition decreases. The sticking coefficient on the fibers’ surface plays an important role; for instance, increasing the sticking coefficient from 20% to 80% will double the deposition rate.

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