Thematische Bibliographien / N2 capture and conversion

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „N2 capture and conversion“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 25. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "N2 capture and conversion"

Mezza, Alessio, Angelo Pettigiani, Nicolò B. D. Monti, Sergio Bocchini, M. Amin Farkhondehfal, Juqin Zeng, Angelica Chiodoni, Candido F. Pirri und Adriano Sacco. „An Electrochemical Platform for the Carbon Dioxide Capture and Conversion to Syngas“. Energies 14, Nr. 23 (24.11.2021): 7869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14237869.

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We report on a simple electrochemical system able to capture gaseous carbon dioxide from a gas mixture and convert it into syngas. The capture/release module is implemented via regeneration of NaOH and acidification of NaHCO3 inside a four-chamber electrochemical flow cell employing Pt foils as catalysts, while the conversion is carried out by a coupled reactor that performs electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide using ZnO as a catalyst and KHCO3 as an electrolyte. The capture module is optimized such that, powered by a current density of 100 mA/cm2, from a mixture of the CO2–N2 gas stream, a pure and stable CO2 outlet flow of 4–5 mL/min is obtained. The conversion module is able to convert the carbon dioxide into a mixture of gaseous CO and H2 (syngas) with a selectivity for the carbon monoxide of 56%. This represents the first all-electrochemical system for carbon dioxide capture and conversion.

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Mekbuntoon, Pongsakorn, Sirima Kongpet, Walailak Kaeochana, Pawonpart Luechar, Prasit Thongbai, Artit Chingsungnoen, Kodchaporn Chinnarat, Suninad Kaewnisai und Viyada Harnchana. „The Modification of Activated Carbon for the Performance Enhancement of a Natural-Rubber-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator“. Polymers 15, Nr. 23 (28.11.2023): 4562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15234562.

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Increasing energy demands and growing environmental concerns regarding the consumption of fossil fuels are important motivations for the development of clean and sustainable energy sources. A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a promising energy technology that harnesses mechanical energy from the ambient environment by converting it into electrical energy. In this work, the enhancement of the energy conversion performance of a natural rubber (NR)-based TENG has been proposed by using modified activated carbon (AC). The effect of surface modification techniques, including acid treatments and plasma treatment for AC material on TENG performance, are investigated. The TENG fabricated from the NR incorporated with the modified AC using N2 plasma showed superior electrical output performance, which was attributed to the modification by N2 plasma introducing changes in the surface chemistry of AC, leading to the improved dielectric property of the NR-AC composite, which contributes to the enhanced triboelectric charge density. The highest power density of 2.65 mW/m2 was obtained from the NR-AC (N2 plasma-treated) TENG. This research provides a key insight into the modification of AC for the development of TENG with high energy conversion performance that could be useful for other future applications such as PM2.5 removal or CO2 capture.

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Gong, Dehong, Zhongxiao Zhang und Ting Zhao. „Decay on Cyclic CO2 Capture Performance of Calcium-Based Sorbents Derived from Wasted Precursors in Multicycles“. Energies 15, Nr. 9 (03.05.2022): 3335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093335.

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In order to obtain the cheap waste calcium-based sorbent, three wasted CaCO3 precursors, namely carbide slag, chicken eggshells, and analytical reagent-grade calcium carbonate, were selected and prepared at 700 °C to form calcium-based sorbents for CO2 capture. TGA was used to test the CO2 uptake performance of each calcium-based sorbent in 20 cycles. To identify the decay mechanism of CO2 uptake with an increasing number of cycles, all calcium-based sorbents were characterized by using XRF, XRD, and N2 adsorption. The specific surface area of calcium-based sorbents was used to redefine the formula of cyclic carbonation reactivity decay. The carbonation conversion rate of three calcium-based sorbents exhibited a decreasing trend as the cycle number increased. Chicken eggshells exhibited the most significant decrease rate (over 50% compared with Cycle 1), while carbide slag and analytical reagent-grade calcium carbonate showed a flat linear decline trend. The specific surface area of the samples was used to calculate carbonation conversion for an infinite number of cycles. The carbonation conversion rates of three calcium-based sorbents were estimated to decrease to 0.2898, 0.1455, and 0.3438 mol/mol, respectively, after 100 cycles.

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Donskoy, I. G. „Thermodynamic modeling of solid fuel gasification in mixtures of oxygen and carbon dioxide“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2119, Nr. 1 (01.12.2021): 012101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2119/1/012101.

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Abstract One of the main problems in the use of solid fuels is inevitable formation of significant amounts of carbon dioxide. The prospects for reducing CO2 emissions (carbon capture and storage, CCS) are opening up with the use of new coal technologies, such as thermal power plants with integrated gasification (IGCC) and transition to oxygen-enriched combustion (oxyfuel). In order to study the efficiency of solid fuel conversion processes using carbon dioxide, thermodynamic modeling was carried out. Results show that difference between efficiency of fuel conversion in O2/N2 and O2/CO2 mixtures increases with an increase in the volatile content and a decrease in the carbon content. The effect of using CO2 as a gasification agent depends on the oxygen concentration: at low oxygen concentrations, the process temperature turns out to be low due to dilution; at high oxygen concentrations, the CO2 concentration is not high enough for efficient carbon conversion.

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Piccirilli, Luca, Danielle Lobo Justo Pinheiro und Martin Nielsen. „Recent Progress with Pincer Transition Metal Catalysts for Sustainability“. Catalysts 10, Nr. 7 (11.07.2020): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10070773.

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Our planet urgently needs sustainable solutions to alleviate the anthropogenic global warming and climate change. Homogeneous catalysis has the potential to play a fundamental role in this process, providing novel, efficient, and at the same time eco-friendly routes for both chemicals and energy production. In particular, pincer-type ligation shows promising properties in terms of long-term stability and selectivity, as well as allowing for mild reaction conditions and low catalyst loading. Indeed, pincer complexes have been applied to a plethora of sustainable chemical processes, such as hydrogen release, CO2 capture and conversion, N2 fixation, and biomass valorization for the synthesis of high-value chemicals and fuels. In this work, we show the main advances of the last five years in the use of pincer transition metal complexes in key catalytic processes aiming for a more sustainable chemical and energy production.

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Wang, Lei, Wu Qin, Ling Nan Wu, Xue Qing Hu, Ming Zhong Gao, Jun Jiao Zhang, Chang Qing Dong und Yong Ping Yang. „Experimental Study on Coal Chemical Looping Combustion Using CuFe₂O₄ as Oxygen Carrier“. Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 1387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.1387.

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Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) has been proposed as an efficient and clean technology that could contribute to achieve carbon dioxide capture with negligible cost. The technology uses a metal oxide as oxygen carrier that indirectly transfer oxygen from air to fuels to oxidize the fuels. CuFe2O4 was prepared as a novel oxygen carrier to decrease the cost of raw material and increase the reactivity of iron-based oxygen carrier. The structure of the prepared oxygen carrier was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The reaction of CuFe2O4 with coal was tested in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Results showed that the pyrolysis of coal under CO2 was more complete than that under N2, and the final conversion of CuFe2O4 during CLC of coal reached 66.6%. SEM images and BET surface area of the fresh and the used oxygen carrier show little agglomeration during the process.

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Hsieh, Chu-Chin, Jyong-Sian Tsai und Jen-Ray Chang. „Effects of Moisture on NH3 Capture Using Activated Carbon and Acidic Porous Polymer Modified by Impregnation with H3PO4: Sorbent Material Characterized by Synchrotron XRPD and FT-IR“. Materials 15, Nr. 3 (20.01.2022): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030784.

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The performances of reactive adsorbents, H3PO4/C (activated carbon) and H3PO4/A (Amberlyst 35), in removing NH3 from a waste-gas stream were investigated using a breakthrough column. Accelerated aging tests investigated the effects of the water content on the performance of the adsorbents. Results of breakthrough tests show that the adsorption capacity greatly decreased with the drying time of H3PO4/C preparation. Synchrotron XRPD indicated increased amorphous phosphorus species formation with drying time. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms results further suggested that the evaporation of water accommodated in macropores decreases adsorption capacity besides the formation of the amorphous species. Introducing water moisture to the NH3 stream increases the adsorption capacity concomitant with the conversion of some NH4H2PO4 to (NH4)2HPO4. Due to the larger pore of cylindrical type and more hydrophilic for acidic porous polymer support, as opposed to slit-type for the activated carbon, the adsorption capacity of H3PO4/A is about 3.4 times that of H3PO4/C. XRPD results suggested that NH3 reacts with aqueous H3PO4 to form NH4H2PO4, and no significant macropore-water evaporation was observed when acidic porous polymer support was used, as evidenced by N2 isotherms characterizing used H3PO4/A.

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Micheli, Francesca, Enrica Mattucci, Claire Courson und Katia Gallucci. „Bi-Functional Catalyst/Sorbent for a H2-Rich Gas from Biomass Gasification“. Processes 9, Nr. 7 (19.07.2021): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9071249.

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The aim of this work is to identify the effect of the CaO phase as a CO2 sorbent and mayenite (Ca12Al14O33) as a stabilizing phase in a bi-functional material for CO2 capture in biomass syngas conditioning and cleaning at high temperature. The effect of different CaO weight contents is studied (0, 56, 85, 100 wt%) in sorbents synthesized by the wet mixing method. These high temperature solid sorbents are upgraded to bi-functional compounds by the addition of 3 or 6 wt% of nickel chosen as the metal active phase. N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, temperature-programmed reduction analyses and CO2 sorption study were performed to characterize structural, textural, reducibility and sorption properties of bi-functional materials. Finally, sorption-enhanced reforming of toluene (chosen as tar model), of methane then of methane and toluene with bi-functional compounds were performed to study the best material to improve H2 content in a syngas, provided by steam biomass gasification. If the catalytic activity on the sorption enhanced reforming of methane exhibits a fast fall-down after 10–15 min of experimental test, the reforming of toluene reaches a constant conversion of 99.9% by using bi-functional materials.

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Fasolini, Andrea, Silvia Ruggieri, Cristina Femoni und Francesco Basile. „Highly Active Catalysts Based on the Rh4(CO)12 Cluster Supported on Ce0.5Zr0.5 and Zr Oxides for Low-Temperature Methane Steam Reforming“. Catalysts 9, Nr. 10 (25.09.2019): 800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9100800.

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Syngas and Hydrogen productions from methane are industrially carried out at high temperatures (900 °C). Nevertheless, low-temperature steam reforming can be an alternative for small-scale plants. In these conditions, the process can also be coupled with systems that increase the overall efficiency such as hydrogen purification with membranes, microreactors or enhanced reforming with CO2 capture. However, at low temperature, in order to get conversion values close to the equilibrium ones, very active catalysts are needed. For this purpose, the Rh4(CO)12 cluster was synthetized and deposited over Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 and ZrO2 supports, prepared by microemulsion, and tested in low-temperature steam methane reforming reactions under different conditions. The catalysts were active at 750 °C at low Rh loadings (0.05%) and outperformed an analogous Rh-impregnated catalyst. At higher Rh concentrations (0.6%), the Rh cluster deposited on Ce0.5Zr0.5 oxide reached conversions close to the equilibrium values and good stability over long reaction time, demonstrating that active phases derived from Rh carbonyl clusters can be used to catalyze steam reforming reactions. Conversely, the same catalyst suffered from a fast deactivation at 500 °C, likely related to the oxidation of the Rh phase due to the oxygen-mobility properties of Ce. Indeed, at 500 °C the Rh-based ZrO2-supported catalyst was able to provide stable results with higher conversions. The effects of different pretreatments were also investigated: at 500 °C, the catalysts subjected to thermal treatment, both under N2 and H2, proved to be more active than those without the H2 treatment. In general, this work highlights the possibility of using Rh carbonyl-cluster-derived supported catalysts in methane reforming reactions and, at low temperature, it showed deactivation phenomena related to the presence of reducible supports.

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Duma, Zama G., Xoliswa Dyosiba, John Moma, Henrietta W. Langmi, Benoit Louis, Ksenia Parkhomenko und Nicholas M. Musyoka. „Thermocatalytic Hydrogenation of CO2 to Methanol Using Cu-ZnO Bimetallic Catalysts Supported on Metal–Organic Frameworks“. Catalysts 12, Nr. 4 (05.04.2022): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12040401.

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The thermocatalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methanol is considered as a potential route for green hydrogen storage as well as a mean for utilizing captured CO2, owing to the many established applications of methanol. Copper–zinc bimetallic catalysts supported on a zirconium-based UiO-66 metal–organic framework (MOF) were prepared via slurry phase impregnation and benchmarked against the promoted, co-precipitated, conventional ternary CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 (CZA) catalyst for the thermocatalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. A decrease in crystallinity and specific surface area of the UiO-66 support was observed using X-ray diffraction and N2-sorption isotherms, whereas hydrogen-temperature-programmed reduction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the presence of copper active sites after impregnation and thermal activation. Other characterisation techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were employed to assess the physicochemical properties of the resulting catalysts. The UiO-66 (Zr) MOF-supported catalyst exhibited a good CO2 conversion of 27 and 16% selectivity towards methanol, whereas the magnesium-promoted CZA catalyst had a CO2 conversion of 31% and methanol selectivity of 24%. The prepared catalysts performed similarly to a CZA commercial catalyst which exhibited a CO2 conversion and methanol selectivity of 30 and 15%. The study demonstrates the prospective use of Cu-Zn bimetallic catalysts supported on MOFs for direct CO2 hydrogenation to produce green methanol.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "N2 capture and conversion"

Nogalska, Adrianna. „Ambient carbon dioxide capture and conversion via membranes“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664718.

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El canvi climàtic causat per l'augment del contingut de CO2 a l'atmosfera està causant gran preocupació avui dia. La constant necessitat de generació d'energia verda ens va inspirar a desenvolupar un sistema fotosintètic artificial. El sistema funciona com un full, on el CO2 es capta directament de l'aire a través dels porus de la membrana i passa als següents compartiments per convertir-se finalment en metanol o altres hidrocarburs i serà utilitzat com a combustible. L'objectiu principal del treball és revelar la influència dels contactors de membrana basats en polisulfona sobre la taxa de captura de CO2 atmosfèric mitjançant absorció química en solucions aquoses. Les membranes de làmines planes que varien en morfologia es van preparar per precipitació i es van sotmetre a caracterització de morfologia interna i de la superfície. La membrana de polisulfona es va modificar amb una sèrie d'additius coneguts per l'afinitat de CO2, com ara: nenopartículas de ferrita, carbó activat i enzims. A més, la compatibilitat entre les membranes i la solució absorbent es va avaluar en termes de mesures d'inflament i angle de contacte. A més, es van realitzar estudis preliminars sobre la conversió de CO2 capturada en combustibles amb l'ús d'una unitat electroreductora. Els estudis van mostrar que el sistema basat en polisulfona té una assimilació de CO2 superior en comparació amb el rendiment d'un full. A més, els millors resultats es van obtenir utilitzant una membrana en blanc i sense modificar, el que proporciona un baix cost de producció. A més, es va aconseguir la conversió de bicarbonat a àcid fòrmic, donant un començament prometedor per millorar en el treball futur.
El cambio climático causado por el aumento del contenido de CO2 en la atmósfera está causando gran preocupación hoy en día. La constante necesidad de generación de energía verde nos inspiró a desarrollar un sistema fotosintético artificial. El sistema funciona como una hoja, donde el CO2 se capta directamente del aire a través de los poros de la membrana y pasa a los siguientes compartimentos para convertirse finalmente en metanol o otros hidrocarburos y sera utilizado como combustible. El objetivo principal del trabajo es revelar la influencia de los contactores de membrana basados en polisulfona sobre la tasa de captura de CO2 atmosférico mediante absorción química en soluciones acuosas. Las membranas de láminas planas que varían en morfología se prepararon por precipitación y se sometieron a caracterización de morfología interna y de la superficie. La membrana de polisulfona se modificó con una serie de aditivos conocidos por la afinidad de CO2, tales como: nenopartículas de ferrita, carbón activado y enzimas. Además, la compatibilidad entre las membranas y la solución absorbente se evaluó en términos de medidas de hinchamiento y ángulo de contacto. Además, se realizaron estudios preliminares sobre la conversión de CO2 capturada en combustibles con el uso de una unidad electroreductora. Los estudios mostraron que el sistema basado en polisulfona tiene una asimilación de CO2 superior en comparación con el rendimiento de una hoja. Además, los mejores resultados se obtuvieron utilizando una membrana en blanco y sin modificar, lo que proporciona un bajo costo de producción. Además, se logró la conversión de bicarbonato a ácido fórmico, dando un comienzo prometedor para mejorar en el trabajo futuro.
The climate change caused by the increased CO2 content in the atmosphere is raising a lot of concern nowadays. The constant need for sustainable green energy generation inspired us to develop an artificial photosynthetic system. The system works as a leaf, where CO2 is captured directly from air through the membrane pores and passes to the next compartments to be finally converted to methanol or other hydrocarbons and to be further used as fuel in fuel cells. The main scope of the work is to reveal the influence of polysulfone -based membrane contactors on atmospheric CO2 capture rate by chemical sorption into absorbent aqueous solutions. Flat sheet membranes that vary in morphology were prepared by immersion precipitation and undergo internal morphology and surface characterization. The polysulfone membrane was modified with a number of additives known for the CO2 affinity such as: ferrite nenoparticles, activated carbon and enzymes. Moreover, the compatibility between membranes and absorbent solution was evaluated in terms of swelling and contact angle measurements. Additionally, preliminary studies concerning the captured CO2 conversion to fuels were performed with use of electro-reductive unit. Studies showed that the polysulfone based system has superior CO2 assimilation compared to a leaf performance. Moreover, the best results were obtained using blank and unmodified membrane, providing a low production cost. Furthermore, the conversion of bicarbonate to formic acid was achieved, giving a promising start to be improved in future work.

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Brandvoll, Øyvind. „Chemical looping combustion : fuel conversion with inherent CO2 capture“. Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1203.

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Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a new concept for fuel energy conversion with CO₂ capture. In CLC, fuel combustion is split into seperate reduction and oxidation processes, in which a solid carrier is reduced and oxidized, respectively. The carrier is continuously recirculated between the two vessels, and hence direct contact between air and suel is avoided. As a result, a stoichiometric amount of oxygen is transferred to the fuel by a regenerable solid intermediate, and CLC is thus a varient of oxy-fuel combustion. In principle, pure CO₂ can be obtained from the reduction exhaust by condensation of the produced water vapor. The termodynamic potential and feasibility of CLC has been studied by means of process simulatons and experimental studies of oxygen carriers. Process simulations have focused on parameter sensitivity studies of CLC implemented in 3 power cycles; CLC-Combined Cycle, CLC-Humid Air Turbine and CLC-Integrated Steam Generation. Simulations indicate that overall fuel conversion ratio, oxidation temperature and operating pressure are among the most imortant process parameters in CLC. A promising thermodynamic potentail of CLC has been found, with efficiencies comparable to, - or better than existing technologies for CO₂capture. The proposed oxygen carrier nickel oxide on nickel spinel (NiONiA1) has been studied in reduction with hydrogen, methane and methane/steam as well as oxidation with dry air. It has been found that at atmosphereic pressure and temperatures above 600° C, solid reduction with dry methane occurs with overall fuel conversion of 92%. Steam methane reforming is observed along with methane cracking as side reactions, yealding an overall selectivity of 90% with regard to solid reduction. If steam is added to the reactant fuel, coking can be avoided. A methodology for long term investigation of solid chemical activity in a batch reactor is proposed. The method is based on time variables for oxidaton. The results for NiONiA1 do not rule out CLC as a viable alternative for CO₂capture, but long term durability studies along with realistic testing of the carrier in a continuous rig is needed to firmly conclude. For comparative purposes a perovskite was synthesized and tested in CLC, under similar conditions as NiONiA1. The results indicate that in a moving bed CLC application, perovskites have inherent disadvantages as compared to simpler compounds, by virtue of low relative oxygen content.

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Khurram, Aliza. „Combined CO₂ capture and electrochemical conversion in non-aqueous environments“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127053.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, May, 2020
Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 234-253).
Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies have a central role to play in mitigating rising CO₂ emissions and enabling sustainable power generation. Most industrially mature CCS technologies based on amine chemisorption are highly energy-intensive, consuming up to 30% of the power generating capacity of the plant in order to thermally regenerate the sorbents for continued capture. Moreover, the released CO₂ must additionally be compressed and stored permanently, which adds additional energy penalties and potential risks of release. To address these challenges, this thesis develops a new strategy for integrating CO₂ capture and conversion into a single process stream.
Such an approach, which employs CO₂ in the captured state as the reactant for subsequent electrochemical reactions, eliminates the need for energetically-intensive sorbent regeneration and CO₂ release between capture and utilization steps while potentially providing new solutions for the storage challenge. In the first part of this thesis, a proof-of-concept demonstration of combined CO₂ capture and conversion within a Li-based electrochemical cell is presented. To develop this system, new electrolyte systems were first designed to integrate amines (used in industrial CO₂ capture) into nonaqueous electrolytes. The resulting systems were found to be highly effective in both capturing and activating CO₂ for subsequent electrochemical transformations upon discharge of the cell.
This activity was particularly well-demonstrated in solvents such as DMSO where CO₂ normally is completely inactive, in which the amine-modified electrolytes containing chemisorbed CO₂ were found to enable discharge at high cell voltages (~2.9 V vs. Li/Li⁺) and to high capacities (> 1000 mAh/gc), converting CO₂ to solid lithium carbonate. Formation of a densely-packed, solid phase product from CO₂ is not only logistically attractive because it requires less storage space, but also eliminates the costs and safety risks associated with long-term geological storage of compressed CO₂. In addition, the conversion process generates electricity at point-of-capture, which may help to incentivize integration of the technology with existing point-source emitters. While promising, this initial system exhibited several challenges including slow formation of the active species in solution.
To address this, a suite of experimental and computational methods were employed to elucidate the influence of the electrolyte on electrochemical reaction rates. Reduction kinetics were found to be influenced by alkali cation desolvation energetics, which favors larger alkali cations such as potassium. Through further development, amine-facilitated CO₂ conversion was also demonstrated to be transferrable to other amine- and solvent- systems, opening a potentially large design space for developing improved electrolytes. Furthermore, the effect of operating temperature was investigated to evaluate the potential of this technology to integrate with practical CO₂ capture needs. While higher temperatures (40°CLastly, CO₂ discharge activity as a function of electrolyte composition was also investigated in non-amine electrolytes for rechargeable Li-CO₂ batteries. In these systems, increased availability of the Li⁺ cation was found to be critical for supporting CO₂ activation and sustaining discharge to high capacities.Overall, the central advance of this thesis is the successful demonstration of using amine sorbents in an electrochemical context to activate new modes of CO₂ reactivity, establishing the feasibility of integrated CO₂ capture-conversion. This work not only provides a new reaction platform, but also proposes post-combustion storage concepts of CO₂ in solid phases that simultaneously achieve permanent CO₂ fixation and power delivery.
by Aliza Khurram.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering

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Kim, Hyung Rae. „Chemical Looping Process for Direct Conversion of Solid Fuels In-Situ CO2 Capture“. The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250605561.

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Liang, Weibin. „Carbon Dioxide Adsorption and Catalytic Conversion in Porous Coordination Polymers“. Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14541.

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This thesis reports an investigation into carbon dioxide capture and catalysis in several target metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and porous organic polymers (POPs). In chapter 2, a series of Zr-MOFs were synthesised for potential applications in carbon capture and storage. In the first instance, a novel Zr-based MOF was constructed exclusively from the monocarboxylate ligand formate. Despite the low surface area, the new material exhibited a high affinity for CO2 over nitrogen at room temperature. In addition, the water-stable Zr–tricarboxylate series of frameworks, exhibited tunable porosity by virtue of systematic modulation of the chain length of the monocarboxylate ligand. Last but not least, defect concentrations and their compensating groups have been systematically tuned within UiO-66 frameworks by using modified microwave-assisted solvothermal methods. Both of these factors have a pronounce effect on CO2 and H2O adsorption at low and high pressure. Chapter 3 focuses on the development of a rapid and efficient microwave-assisted solvothermal method for a series of zirconium oxide based MOFs known as MIL-140s. Combined experimental and computational studies have revealed the interplay between the framework pore size and functionality on the CO2 adsorption performance of MIL-140 frameworks. The potential for CO2 photocatalysis in POPs was also explored in chapter 4. A POP with free 2,2’-bipyridyl sites was prepared via Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling and catalytically active moieties ([(α-diimine)Re(CO)3Cl]) were introduced using a post-synthesis metalation method. Thereafter, the Re-containing porous organic polymer was tested for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2. After an induction period, Re-POP produced CO at a stable rate, unless soluble [(bpy)Re(CO)3Cl] (bpy = 2,2´-bipyridine) was added. This provides some of most convincing evidence to date that [(α-diimine)Re(CO)3Cl] catalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction decompose via a bimetallic pathway.

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Tang, Koon T. „Studies of '1'5'8Gd by thermal neutron capture reactions and by IBA-1 model calculations“. Thesis, University of Brighton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361584.

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Provost, Bianca. „An Improved N2 Model for Predicting Gas Adsorption in MOFs and using Molecular Simulation to aid in the Interpretation of SSNMR Spectra of MOFs“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31930.

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Microporous metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are a novel class of materials formed through self-assembly of inorganic and organic structural building units (SBUs). They show great promise for many applications thanks to record-breaking internal surface areas, high porosity as well as a wide variety of possible chemical compositions. Molecular simulation has been instrumental in the study of MOFs to date, and this thesis work aims to validate and expand upon these efforts through two distinct computational MOF investigations. Current separation technologies used for CO2/N2 mixtures, found in the greenhouse gas-emitting flue gas generated by coal-burning power plants, could greatly benefit from the improved cost-effective separation MOF technology offers. MOFs have shown great potential for CO2 capture due to their low heat capacities and high, selective uptake of CO2. To ensure that simulation techniques effectively predict quantitative MOF gas uptakes and selectivities, it is important that the simulation parameters used, such as force fields, are adequate. We show that in all cases explored, the force field in current widespread use for N2 adsorption over-predicts uptake by at least 50% of the experimental uptake in MOFs. We propose a new N2 model, NIMF (Nitrogen in MoFs), that has been parameterized using experimental N2 uptake data in a diverse range of MOFs found in literature. The NIMF force field yields high accuracy N2 uptakes and will allow for accurate simulated uptakes and selectivities in existing and hypothetical MOF materials and will facilitate accurate identification of promising materials for CO2 capture and storage as well as air separation for oxy-fuel combustion. We also present the results of grand canonical and canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC and canonical MC), DFT and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations as well as charge density analyses, on both CO2 and N,N-dimethylformamide adsorbed in Ba2TMA(NO3) and MIL-68(In), two MOFs with non-equivalent inorganic structural building units. We demonstrate the excellent agreement found between our simulation results and the solid-state NMR (SSNMR) experiments carried out by Professor Yining Huang (Western University) on these two MOFs. Molecular simulation enables discoveries which complement SSNMR such as the number, distribution and dynamics of guest binding sites within a MOF. We show that the combination of SSNMR and molecular simulation forms a powerful analytical procedure for characterizing MOFs, and this novel set of microscopic characterization techniques allows for the optimization of new and existing MOFs.

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Ramkumar, Shwetha. „CALCIUM LOOPING PROCESSES FOR CARBON CAPTURE“. The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274882053.

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Tong, Andrew S. „Application of the Moving-Bed Syngas Chemical Looping Process for High Syngas and Methane Conversion and Hydrogen Generation“. The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1390774129.

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MARCHESE, MARCO. „Conversion of industrial CO2 to value-added fuels and chemicals via Fischer-Tropsch upgrade“. Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2914540.

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Bücher zum Thema "N2 capture and conversion"

Li, Lan, Winnie Wong-Ng, Kevin Huang und Lawrence P. Cook, Hrsg. Materials and Processes for CO2 Capture, Conversion, and Sequestration. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119231059.

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Feric, Tony Gordon. Thermal, Structural and Transport Behaviors of Nanoparticle Organic Hybrid Materials Enabling the Integrated Capture and Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2022.

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Wang, Shuoxun. A Study of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Catalytic Conversion to Methane using a Ruthenium, “Sodium Oxide” Dual Functional Material: Development, Performance and Characterizations. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2018.

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Novel Liquid-Like Nanoscale Hybrid Materials with Tunable Chemical and Physical Properties as Dual-Purpose Reactive Media for Combined Carbon Capture and Conversion. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2018.

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Treviño, Martha Alejandra Arellano. A study of catalytic metals and alkaline metal oxides leading to the development of a stable Ru-doped Ni Dual Function Material for CO2 capture from flue gas and in-situ catalytic conversion to methane. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2020.

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Desideri, Umberto, Giampaolo Manfrida und Enrico Sciubba, Hrsg. ECOS 2012. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-322-9.

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The 8-volume set contains the Proceedings of the 25th ECOS 2012 International Conference, Perugia, Italy, June 26th to June 29th, 2012. ECOS is an acronym for Efficiency, Cost, Optimization and Simulation (of energy conversion systems and processes), summarizing the topics covered in ECOS: Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer, Exergy and Second Law Analysis, Process Integration and Heat Exchanger Networks, Fluid Dynamics and Power Plant Components, Fuel Cells, Simulation of Energy Conversion Systems, Renewable Energies, Thermo-Economic Analysis and Optimisation, Combustion, Chemical Reactors, Carbon Capture and Sequestration, Building/Urban/Complex Energy Systems, Water Desalination and Use of Water Resources, Energy Systems- Environmental and Sustainability Issues, System Operation/ Control/Diagnosis and Prognosis, Industrial Ecology.

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Carbon Dioxide Capture and Conversion. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2020-0-02634-4.

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Advances in CO2 Capture, Sequestration, and Conversion. American Chemical Society, 2016.

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Nanomaterials for CO2 Capture, Storage, Conversion and Utilization. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2019-0-04209-4.

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Mazari, Shaukat Ali, Mubarak Nabisab Mujawar und Manoj Tripathi. Nanomaterials for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Conversion Technologies. Elsevier, 2022.

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Buchteile zum Thema "N2 capture and conversion"

Bredesen, Rune, und Thijs A. Peters. „Membranes in Energy Systems with CO2 Capture“. In Membranes for Energy Conversion, 217–44. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527622146.ch7.

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Shah, Yatish T. „Biological Conversion of Carbon Dioxide“. In CO2 Capture, Utilization, and Sequestration Strategies, 113–92. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003229575-4.

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Shah, Yatish T. „Plasma-Activated Catalysis for CO2 Conversion“. In CO2 Capture, Utilization, and Sequestration Strategies, 347–417. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003229575-7.

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Zhang, Peng, Jingjing Tong und Kevin Huang. „Electrochemical CO2Capture and Conversion“. In Materials and Processes for CO2 Capture, Conversion, and Sequestration, 213–66. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119231059.ch5.

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Whitt, Phillip. „Audio-Video Capture, Conversion, and Editing Software“. In Pro Freeware and Open Source Solutions for Business, 119–41. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-1130-4_5.

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Whitt, Phillip. „Audio-Video Capture, Conversion, and Editing Software“. In Pro Freeware and Open Source Solutions for Business, 127–58. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-8841-2_5.

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Duan, Lunbo, und Lin Li. „OCAC for Fuel Conversion Without CO2 Capture“. In Oxygen-Carrier-Aided Combustion Technology for Solid-Fuel Conversion in Fluidized Bed, 19–63. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9127-1_3.

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AbstractAs a new concept, oxygen carrier aided combustion (OCAC) technology proposed in 2013 by Chalmers University of Technology’s group, can alleviate the problem of uneven distribution of oxygen in the reactors. In the past 10 years,various research institutions, including Chalmers University of Technology, University of Cambridge, Tsinghua University, Friedrich-Alexander University and University of Nottingham, have conducted a series of studies on OCAC technology. It is worth mentioning that Chalmers University of Technology has complied with most of these studies from laboratory to industry scales. In particular, they carried out a serious of semi-industrial scale experiments in the 12 MWthCFB boiler, which is well-known research boiler. OCAC technology is comprehensively introduced from six aspects: combustion characteristics, NOx/SOx emission, ash-related issues, aging of oxygen carrier, oxygen carrier recovery and physicochemical characteristics of oxygen carrier. In this chapter, allsummarized studies were performed under traditional air-combustion conditions without much consideration of CO2 capture.

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Asgari, Mehrdad, und Wendy L. Queen. „Carbon Capture in Metal-Organic Frameworks“. In Materials and Processes for CO2 Capture, Conversion, and Sequestration, 1–78. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119231059.ch1.

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Watkins, P., und C. Vroegindeweij. „Medical Image Transfer and Conversion for BNCT Treatment Planning at Petten“. In Frontiers in Neutron Capture Therapy, 173–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1285-1_20.

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Sharma, Tanvi, Abhishek Sharma, Swati Sharma, Anand Giri, Ashok Kumar und Deepak Pant. „Recent Developments in CO2-Capture and Conversion Technologies“. In Chemo-Biological Systems for CO2 Utilization, 1–14. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429317187-1.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "N2 capture and conversion"

Montagnaro, Fabio, Fabrizio Scala, Fabio Pallonetto und Piero Salatino. „Steam Reactivation of FB Spent Sorbent for Enhanced SO2 Capture: The Relationship Between Microstructural Properties and Sulphur Uptake“. In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78108.

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This paper addresses the regeneration of the sulphur capture ability of FB spent SO2 sorbent particles by steam hydration. The process was characterized in terms of hydration degree, particle sulphation pattern, development of accessible porosity and extent of particle fragmentation. Steam reactivation experiments were carried out in a lab-scale fluidized bed reactor at 250°C for 10 and 30 minutes, and 3h. The sorbent particle size range was 0.4–0.6mm, and the bed was fluidized at 0.2m/s with a steam-N2 mixture. The effectiveness of sorbent reactivation was assessed by reinjecting the reactivated material into the FB reactor (fluidized at 0.8m/s) operated at 850°C under simulated desulphurization conditions (the fluidizing gas consisted of a SO2-O2-N2 mixture), and following the degree of calcium conversion and the attrition rate along with resulphation. The experimental results indicated that steam reactivation is effective in renewing the SO2 uptake ability of the exhausted sorbent particles. Moreover steam reactivation induces, in the samples investigated, a strong sulphur redistribution throughout the particle cross-section, which contributes to the enhancement of the sulphur capture ability of the reactivated sorbent.

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Kenarsari, Saeed Danaei, und Yuan Zheng. „CO2 Capture Using Calcium Oxide Applicable to In-Situ Separation of CO2 From H2 Production Processes“. In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62619.

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A lab-scale CO2 capture system is designed, fabricated, and tested for performing CO2 capture via carbonation of very fine calcium oxide (CaO) with particle size in micrometers. This system includes a fixed-bed reactor made of stainless steel (12.7 mm in diameter and 76.2 mm long) packed with calcium oxide particles dispersed in sand particles; heated and maintained at a certain temperature (500–550°C) during each experiment. The pressure along the reactor can be kept constant using a back pressure regulator. The conditions of the tests are relevant to separation of CO2 from combustion/gasification flue gases and in-situ CO2 capture process. The inlet flow, 1% CO2 and 99% N2, goes through the reactor at the flow rate of 150 mL/min (at standard conditions). The CO2 percentage of the outlet gas is monitored and recorded by a portable CO2 analyzer. Using the outlet composition, the conversion of calcium oxide is figured and employed to develop the kinetics model. The results indicate that the rates of carbonation reactions considerably increase with raising the temperature from 500°C to 550°C. The conversion rates of CaO-carbonation are well fitted to a shrinking core model which combines chemical reaction controlled and diffusion controlled models.

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Berahim, Nor Hafizah, und Akbar Abu Seman. „CO2 Utilization: Converting Waste into Valuable Products“. In SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210729-ms.

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Abstract Carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), which includes conversion to valuable products, is a complex modern issue with many perspectives. In recent years, the idea of using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a feedstock for synthetic applications in the chemical and fuel sectors via reduction reactions has piqued interest. If the hydrogen is created using a renewable energy source, catalytic CO2 hydrogenation is the most viable and appealing alternative among the existing CO2-recycling solutions. CO2 hydrogenation has many chemical paths depending on the catalyst, and multiple value-added hydrocarbons can be generated. This research looks into a catalyst development for converting high CO2 gas field into methane and alcohols. The study focused on catalytic conversion of CO2 to methane over Ru based catalyst while in the case of alcohols using Cu based catalyst. Both catalysts were synthesized via impregnation techniques where the aqueous precursors’ solution were impregnated on the oxide supports, stirred, filtered and washed. The samples were then dried, ground and calcined. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using various analytical techniques (e.g., TPR, FESEM, N2 adsorption-desorption, XRD) for their physicochemical properties. The catalytic performance in CO2 hydrogenation was performed using a fixed bed reactor at various factors such as temperature, pressure, feed gas ratio and space velocity. The experimental findings indicate that conversion of CO2 to methane over Ru based catalyst resulted in >84% CO2 conversion with 99% methane selectivity in the range of temperature 280 – 320 °C and at atmospheric pressure. In the case of hydrogenation of CO2 to alcohols, the catalytic performance of Cu based catalyst exhibited CO2 conversion of >11% and selectivity towards alcohols, C1 and C2, both at 4% with reaction temperature of 250 °C and pressure 30 bar. These findings revealed that methane could easily be formed from CO2 as compared to alcohol. However, both technology conversions are dependent on the catalyst selection and its’ activity. Process parameters need to be optimized to maximize targeted product formation and suppress the side products.

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Bhati, Awan, Aritra Kar und Vaibhav Bahadur. „Numerical Study on CO2 Hydrate Formation in a Bubble Column Reactor From Flue Gas Mixtures“. In ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-113704.

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Abstract Gigascale carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is increasingly seen as essential to meeting the targets of the Paris Agreement. Sequestration of CO2 as CO2 hydrates (ice-like materials of CO2 and water) has received research attention recently. CO2 hydrates form at medium pressures and temperatures close to freezing from a water-CO2 gas mixture. Bubble column reactors (BCR) are a preferred way of rapidly forming CO2 hydrates. This study uses a recently-developed and validated model to predict performance of a BCR for CO2 hydrate formation from flue gas (CO2/N2). In particular, two performance parameters are analyzed, the gas consumption rate for hydrate formation, and the fraction of CO2 that can be converted to CO2 hydrates (conversion factor). Extensive parametric analysis is conducted to study the influence of pressure, temperature, CO2 mole fraction at inlet, inlet gas flow rate, reactor height and reactor diameter on CO2 hydrate formation rate. Across the range of simulations conducted in this study, the maximum reported hydrate formation rate is 71 ton/yr and the highest conversion efficiency is 67.8%. It is seen that both the performance parameters improve with increasing pressure, decreasing temperature and increasing inlet mole fraction of CO2. Increasing gas flow rate increases the gas consumption rate (i.e., hydrate formation rate) but reduces the conversion factor. This suggests that the operation of BCR for gas separation should involve low flow rates but that high flow rates should be used to synthesize hydrates for CO2 sequestration. An increase in reactor volume by increasing the height or diameter, improves hydrate formation on both performance parameters (rate, conversion factor).

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Dasgupta, Nabankur, und Tuan HO. „CO2 capture and conversion in clay nanoconfinements.“ In Proposed for presentation at the AIChE conference held November 13-17, 2022 in Phoenix, AZ. US DOE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2006052.

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Stauffer, David, Jack Hirschenhofer und Jay White. „Carbon dioxide capture in fuel cell power systems“. In Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-4148.

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Zhao, Xiaoyao, Baolu Shi, Guixing Wang, Wei Gao, Kang Ma und Junwei Li. „Stability limits of methane/oxygen mixtures diluted by N2 and CO2 under various oxygen contents“. In 2018 International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4802.

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Gutierrez-Sanchez, Oriol, Bert De Mot, Deepak Pant, Tom Breugelmans und Metin Bulut. „Direct Air Capture and Electrochemical Conversion of CO2“. In Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MAT-SUS). València: FUNDACIO DE LA COMUNITAT VALENCIANA SCITO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2022.115.

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Decman, Daniel J., und Wolfgang Stoeffl. „Measurement of the Natural Line Shape of Krypton Conversion Electrons from Gaseous 83mKr“. In Capture gamma‐ray spectroscopy. American Institute of Physics, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.41296.

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Li, H., und J. Yan. „Preliminary Study on CO2 Processing in CO2 Capture From Oxy-Fuel Combustion“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27845.

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Oxy-fuel combustion is one of promising technologies for CO2 capture, which uses simple flue gas processing normally including compression, dehydration and purification/liquefaction (non-condensable gas separation). However relatively high levels of impurities in the flu gas present more challenges for the gas processing procedure. This paper studied the sensitivity of operating parameters to inlet composition, the effects of impurities on energy consumption, and the relationship between energy consumption and operating parameters. Results show that comparatively the total compression work is more sensitive to the composition of SO2 if the total mass flow is constant; while the operating temperature of purification is more sensitive to N2. To pursue the minimum energy consumption, from the viewpoint of impurity, the content of O2, N2, Ar and H2O should be lowered as much as possible, which means the amount of air leakage into the system and excess oxygen should be controlled at a low level in the combustion; as to SO2, if it is possible to co-deposit with CO2, its existence may be helpful to decrease compression work. From the viewpoint of operating parameters, low intermediate pressure, high intercooling temperature and high outlet pressure are favorable to achieve high energy utilization, if heat recovery is considered.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "N2 capture and conversion"

Bachand, George, Susan Rempe, Monica Manginell, Eric Coker, Rong-an Chiang, Arjun Sharma und Isaac Nardi. Engineered living materials for capture, conversion, and recycling technologies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2325002.

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Heldebrant, David, Yuyan Shao, Phillip Koech und Litao Yan. Integrated Capture and Electrocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Alcohols. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1987660.

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Jiang, Yuan, Shuang Xu, Jotheeswari Kothandaraman, Lesley Snowden-Swan, Marye Hefty und Marcella Whitfield. Emerging Technologies Review: Carbon Capture and Conversion to Methane and Methanol. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Januar 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2325005.

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Tsouris, Costas, und Radu Custelcean. Integrated Process for Direct Air Capture of CO2 and Electrochemical Conversion to Ethanol. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2333761.

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Botros, Kamal. PR-383-104506-R02 Shock Tube Measurement of Decompression Wave Speed in CO2 with Impurities. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), März 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010811.

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This report contains the results of 43 shock tube tests simulating pipeline rupture using an NPS 2 (DN50) shock tube with a rupture disc. These tests were conducted on pure CO2, binaries with N2, O2, CO, CH4 and H2, as well as for compositions representative of typical carbon capture technologies. The resulting decompression wave speeds are compared with predictions utilizing different equations of state.

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Johnson, J. Karl, und Jingyun Ye. Design of Stratified Functional Nanoporous Materials for CO₂ Capture and Conversion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Oktober 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1396051.

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Hatton, T. Alan, und Timothy Jamison. Integrated Electrochemical Processes for CO₂ Capture and Conversion to Commodity Chemicals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1301905.

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Dagle, Robert, Jotheeswari Kothandaraman und David Heldebrant. Integrated Capture and Conversion of CO2 to Methanol (ICCCM) Process Technology - CRADA 449 (Final Report). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1916459.

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Dagle, Robert. Simultaneous Capture and Conversion of CO2 to Methanol via a Switchable Ionic Liquid and Low-Temperature Metal Catalyst - CRADA 449. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Februar 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1827784.

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Przybylic, A. R., C. D. Haynes, T. A. Haskew, C. M. II Boyer und E. L. Lasseter. Utilization of a fuel cell power plant for the capture and conversion of gob well gas. Final report, June--December, 1995. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Dezember 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/244560.

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