Zeitschriftenartikel: „Murcutt“

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Lee, Ju Hyun, Michael J. Ostwald und Ning Gu. „A Justified Plan Graph (JPG) grammar approach to identifying spatial design patterns in an architectural style“. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 45, Nr. 1 (29.08.2016): 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265813516665618.

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This paper presents a hybrid approach that selectively merges aspects of both the theories of Shape Grammar and Space Syntax to investigate spatial design patterns. The paper describes the development of a generic Justified Plan Graph (g-JPG) grammar. This grammatically nuanced, syntactically derived approach is then demonstrated through a more specific JPG (s-JPG) grammar to identify spatial design patterns in the rural domestic architecture of Glenn Murcutt. The results are then discussed in terms of Murcutt's architecture from four perspectives: grammatical transformation of syntax, epistemological questions, similarity or disparity and finally in terms of JPG variations. The findings of this paper suggest that the combined analytic approach facilitates the exploration of both the grammatical and syntactical genotypes of sets of architectural designs.

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Hartoonian, Gevork. „Kenneth Frampton, David Malouf and Juhani Pallasma,Glenn Murcutt, Architect“. Architectural Theory Review 12, Nr. 2 (Dezember 2007): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13264820701730926.

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3

Baird, Cambell. „ATTITUDES TO PLACE: A CRITIQUE OF THE WORK OF GLEN MURCUTT“. Architectural Theory Review 2, Nr. 1 (November 1996): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13264829609478311.

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4

Pedrós Fernández, Oscar. „A solución 3/4, non a 6/8. O racionalismo anónimo en Glenn Marcus Murcutt“. BAc Boletín Académico. Revista de investigación y arquitectura contemporánea 1 (23.02.2011): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/bac.2011.1.0.960.

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Más allá de la elección de un star-quitecto del panorama actual, surge la necesidad de procurar referentes arquitectónicos que, aunque no hayan construido obras significativamente grandes, las hayan proyectado con un grado suficiente de reflexión como para ser tenidas en cuenta en la evolución de nuestra profesión. Glenn Murcutt no sólo responde a esta necesidad, sino que su labor fue reconocida con la obtención del Premio Pritzker de Arquitectura en 2002. EL objetivo de este artículo no es otro que el de ofrecer algún patrón o modo de formalizar la arquitectura en un ejercicio de funcionalismo ecológico, apoyándose en los pensamientos de este magnífico profesional.

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Ostwald, Michael J. „A Justified Plan Graph Analysis of the Early Houses (1975-1982) of Glenn Murcutt“. Nexus Network Journal 13, Nr. 3 (Oktober 2011): 737–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00004-011-0089-x.

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6

Kwee, Verdy, Antony Radford und Dean Bruton. „Hybrid Digital Media Architectural Visualisation Delivery -Murcutt, Lewin & Lark's the Arthur and Yvonne Boyd Education Centre on Digital Flatland“. International Journal of Architectural Computing 3, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2005): 487–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/147807705777781121.

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This paper shares ongoing research explorations into visualising and representing architecture through the limited real-estate spaces of computer screens. It proposes greater access, ‘interactivity’ and clarity in digital representations for the study, analysis and/or digital record of existing architecture by drawing on concepts and strategies – within and outside the discipline – to arrive at hybrid visualisation techniques. To illustrate some of these techniques, the paper outlines several issues in the production of hybrid media representations of the Arthur and Yvonne Boyd Education Centre. This award-winning building was designed by the 2002 Pritzker Prize-winner, Glenn Murcutt in association with Wendy Lewin and Reg Lark. It is recognised as a landmark in Australian architecture and a worthy subject of our representation experiments.

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De Lózar de la Viña, Miguel. „En busca del arquetipo perdido. Pabellón de invitados en Kempsey, Nueva Gales del Sur, Australia (G. Murcutt, 1992)“. rita_, Nr. 4 (2015): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24192/2386-7027(2015)(v4)(12).

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8

Vaughan, Josephine, und Michael J. Ostwald. „Measuring the significance of façade transparency in Australian regionalist architecture: A computational analysis of 10 designs by Glenn Murcutt“. Architectural Science Review 57, Nr. 4 (08.08.2014): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00038628.2014.940273.

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Borges, Rogério de Sá, und Rose Mary Pio. „Comparative study of the mandarin hybrid fruit characteristics: Nova, Murcott and Ortanique in Capão Bonito SP, Brazil“. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 25, Nr. 3 (Dezember 2003): 448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452003000300022.

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The Murcott tangor represent 20% of the tangerines trees in São Paulo State being the second more grown. Their fruits have good acceptance in the market cause of the good characteristics presented as: size, attractive internal and external color, transport resistance, high juice rate and industry potential. It is necessary to study the behavior of others varieties, in order to amplify the diversity of tangerine industry, which show suitable characteristics to the fresh fruit market and that make possible different harvest season. Many tangerine varieties, selected from the Citrus Germplasm Bank of the do Centro Avançado de Pesquisa Tecnológica do Agronegócio de Citros "Sylvio Moreira"/IAC, belong to trials carried out in 15 places in São Paulo State. The Capão Bonito area, south-west of the state, is one of this places where the Nova tangelo, the Ortanique and the Murcott tangors are showing quite good results about their fruit qualities. This paper had as an objective to compare the fruit characteristics of the Nova tangelo, the Murcott and the Ortanique tangors grafted on two rootstocks: Rangpur lime and Cleopatra mandarin. Accordingly to the gotten results, is possible to conclude that Nova and Ortanique had shown weight, width, fruit shape and juice percent, similar to the Murcott. In compliance with the harvest season, the Nova present suitable conditions to fresh fruit market in May and June. By the other hand the Murcott fruits can be harvested in July to August and the Ortanique in August to September. For this reason, is possible extend the harvest season of this mandarin-like, from two to five month, occurring inclusive in a period out of the crop at the north hemisphere.

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Da Costa, Gabriela, Maiara Curtolo, Thaís Cavichioli Magni und Mariângela Cristofani-Yaly. „Response of citrus hybrids to Alternaria alternata inoculation“. Comunicata Scientiae 11 (24.08.2020): e3358. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v11i.3358.

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Citrus orchards have some limitations, such as the occurrence of phytosanitary problems. Alternaria brown spot (ABS) is caused by fungus Alternaria alternata, which affects several parts of the plant by producing a host-specific toxin, known as ACT. ABS is a limiting factor in orchards due to the susceptibility of most planted cultivars: ‘Murcott’ tangor and ‘Ponkan’ tangerine. The selection of varieties resistant/tolerant to the disease has economic importance. Therefore, the aim of this experiment was to evaluate the response to A. alternata inoculation in a population of ‘Murcott’ tangor vs ‘Pera’ sweet orange hybrids. Leaves of 2-3 centimeters in length of ‘Murcott’ tangor, ‘Pera’ sweet orange, ‘Ponkan’, ‘Dancy’, ‘Fremont’ tangerine and 198 hybrids were collected. For in vitro inoculation, monosporic A. alternata culture at concentration of 105 conidia mL-1 was used. Inoculated leaves were stored in humid chamber. After 24, 48 and 72 hours of inoculation, leaf lesions were evaluated following a diagrammatic scale. The results obtained showed that most hybrids from the crossing of ‘Murcott’ tangor vs ‘Pera’ sweet orange are susceptible to ABS. However, 44 are resistant and ten are tolerant. Among ABS-tolerant hybrids, some have phenotype similar to that of cultivated and commercialized hybrids.

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Kluge, Ricardo Alfredo, Maria Luiza Lye Jomori, Fernando Kazuhiro Edagi, Angelo Pedro Jacomino und Juan Aaavedra Del Aguila. „Danos de frio e qualidade de frutas cítricas tratadas termicamente e armazenadas sob refrigeração“. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 29, Nr. 2 (August 2007): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452007000200009.

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No presente trabalho, foram aplicados tratamentos térmicos (condicionamento térmico e aquecimento intermitente) em laranja ´Valência´, tangor ´Murcott´ e lima ácida ´Tahiti´ armazenadas em baixa temperatura e avaliaram-se a incidência dos danos pelo frio e seus efeitos nas características físico-químicas das frutas. As frutas foram armazenadas durante 90 dias, a 1ºC, sendo avaliadas a cada 15 dias. A lima ácida ´Tahiti´ e o tangor ´Murcott´ suportaram até 90 dias de armazenamento, a 1ºC, com aquecimento intermitente, não apresentando danos pelo frio. No tratamento-controle (armazenamento contínuo a 1ºC), os danos pelo frio surgiram aos 30 dias de armazenamento para a lima ´Tahiti´ e aos 45 dias para o tangor ´Murcott´. Em laranjas ´Valência´, as injúrias pelo frio surgiram aos 45 dias de armazenamento, sendo significativamente menores no condicionamento térmico. O aquecimento intermitente é um tratamento que poder ser utilizado na conservação de frutas sem afetar suas características internas.

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Bona, Claudine Maria de, David Stelly, J. Creighton Miller Jr. und Eliezer Silva Louzada. „Fusion of protoplasts with irradiated microprotoplasts as a tool for radiation hybrid panel in citrus“. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 44, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2009): 1616–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2009001200008.

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The objective of this work was to combine asymmetric somatic hybridization (donor-recipient fusion or gamma fusion) to microprotoplast-mediated chromosome transfer, as a tool to be used for chromosome mapping in Citrus. Swinglea glutinosa microprotoplasts were irradiated either with 50, 70, 100 or 200 gamma rays and fused to cv. Ruby Red grapefruit or Murcott tangor protoplasts. Cell colonies were successfully formed and AFLP analyses confirmed presence of S. glutinosa in both 'Murcott' tangor and 'Ruby Red' grapefruit genomes.

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Cohen, Eliahou, Yavin Shalom und Ida Rosenberger. „Postharvest Ethanol Buildup and Off-flavor in `Murcott' Tangerine Fruits“. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 115, Nr. 5 (September 1990): 775–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.115.5.775.

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Britex and Zivdar, water-based polyethylene waxes, were applied in commercial and experimental formulations as spray coating, a single dip, or double dips on `Murcott' tangerine (Citrus reticulate Blanco) fruits. Postharvest waxing of `Murcott' tangerine reduced weight loss but affected the sensory characteristics of the fruit. Charges in fruit weight loss and juice composition occurred in the waxed fruits after 4 weeks of storage at 5C plus 1 week of simulated retail handling at 17C. Changes in internal fruit atmosphere were related to fruit flavor quality.

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Miller, W. R., R. E. McDonald und J. Chaparro. „Tolerance of Selected Orange and Mandarin Hybrid Fruit to Low-dose Irradiation for Quarantine Purposes“. HortScience 35, Nr. 7 (Dezember 2000): 1288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.7.1288.

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Tolerance of many citrus cultivars to low-dose irradiation treatment is not known. Ten citrus cultivars grown in Florida, including the five orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] cultivars, Ambersweet, Hamlin, Navel, Pineapple, and Valencia, and the five mandarin hybrids (Citrus reticulata Blanco), `Fallglo', `Minneola', `Murcott', `Sunburst', and `Temple', were exposed to irradiation at 0, 0.15, 0.3, and 0.45 kGy, and stored for 14 days at 1 °C or 5 °C plus 3 days at 20 °C, to determine dose tolerance based on fruit injury. Softening of `Valencia', `Minneola', `Murcott', and `Temple' was dose-dependent, but that of other cultivars was unaffected. Only `Ambersweet', `Valencia', `Minneola', and `Murcott' did not develop peel pitting at 0.15 kGy or higher. Total soluble solids of `Ambersweet' and `Sunburst' declined slightly with increasing dose. Titratable acidity (TA) of oranges was not affected, but TA of `Sunburst' and `Temple' juice was slightly reduced by irradiation at 0.45 kGy. Juice flavor of `Hamlin', `Navel', `Valencia', and `Minneola', and pulp flavor of `Hamlin', `Valencia', `Fallglo', `Minneola', and `Murcott' was less acceptable after irradiation at 0.3 or 0.45 kGy. The appearance of all cultivars was negatively affected by the loss of glossiness with the 0.45 kGy dose. Less than 1.0% of fruit decayed and irradiation treatment had no effect on decay. Our study indicates that growers and shippers need to be aware that the effects of irradiation on citrus fruits are highly variable and both cultivar-dependent and dose-dependent.

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Ćalović, Milica, Chunxian Chen, Qibin Yu, Vladimir Orbović, Frederick G. Gmitter und Jude W. Grosser. „New Somatic Hybrid Mandarin Tetraploids Generated by Optimized Protoplast Fusion and Confirmed by Molecular Marker Analysis and Flow Cytometry“. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 144, Nr. 3 (Mai 2019): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs04563-18.

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Six mandarin cultivars, Ponkan (Citrus reticulata), Willowleaf (Citrus deliciosa), Kinnow (Citrus nobilis × C. deliciosa), Murcott (purported C. reticulata × Citrus sinensis), W. Murcott [purported (C. reticulata × C. sinensis) × C. reticulata)], and Snack (purported C. reticulata hybrid), were used in protoplast fusion with different parental combinations to generate somatic hybrids. Sixty-five somatic regenerants were obtained using optimized formulation of enzymes and molecular weight of polyethylene glycol for improved protoplast yield and heterokaryon fusion rate, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to determine the ploidy level of somatic regenerants, and nuclear expressed sequence tag–simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers to determine their parental source. Of the 65 somatic regenerants, 46 were identified as autotetraploids, 18 allotetraploids, and one undefined. The EST-SSR markers also revealed that some ‘W. Murcott’ embryogenic callus lines that were presumed to be of nucellar origin were actually derived unexpectedly from individual ovules of zygotic origin. These mandarin-derived tetraploids are valuable as potential breeding parents for interploid crosses with an aim at seedlessness and easy-peeling traits.

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AKA KAÇAR, Yıldız, Özhan ŞİMŞEK, Dicle DÖNMEZ, Melda BONCUK, Turgut YEŞİLOĞLU und Mehmet AKGÖL. „W. Murcott mandarin çeşidinde anter kültürü çalışmaları“. Derim 31, Nr. 2 (31.12.2014): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.16882/derim.2014.93584.

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Jomori, M. L. L., I. Sestari, F. de A.M. Terra, D. G. Chiou und R. A. Kluge. „DEGREENING OF 'MURCOTT' TANGOR WITH ETHEPHON TREATMENTS“. Acta Horticulturae, Nr. 877 (November 2010): 815–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2010.877.108.

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Mendes-da-Glória, Fernanda Januzzi, Francisco de Assis Alves Mourão Filho, Clarice Garcia Borges Demétrio und Beatriz Madalena Januzzi Mendes. „Embryogenic calli induction from nucellar tissue of Citrus cultivars“. Scientia Agricola 56, Nr. 4 suppl (1999): 111–1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90161999000500012.

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Nucellar tissues of seven Citrus varieties were introduced onto three growth media to produce embryogenic callus. The media tested were: EME [MT, modified, with the addition of malt extract (500 mg.L-1)]; 1/2-EME [half concentration of MT macronutrients + half concentration of BH3 macronutrients + 500 mg.L-1 malt extract + 1.55 g.L-1 of glutamine]; and EBA [EME + 0.44 muM 6-benzyladenine + 0.04 muM 2,4 D]. Soft friable calli were obtained from 'Cravo' and 'Ponkan' mandarins (Citrus reticulata, Blanco), 'Murcott' tangor (Citrus reticulata Blanco x Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), 'Serra d'água' and 'Valencia' sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis, L. Osbeck) 120 days after callus induction. 'Natal' and 'Pera' sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis, L. Osbeck) produced hard non-friable calli in this period. EME and 1/2-EME media had the best results for 'Cravo' mandarin, 'Ponkan' mandarin and 'Serra d'água' sweet orange, whereas EBA was the best media composition to induce soft friable calli on 'Murcott' tangor and 'Valencia' sweet orange. Friable callus cultures of 'Cravo' and 'Ponkan' mandarins, and 'Murcott' tangor yielded high quality protoplasts after isolation. Abbreviations: a.c. - activated charcoal; BA - 6-benzyladenine; IAA - indole-acetic acid; 2,4-D - 2,4-diclorophenoxyacetic acid; MT - Murashige & Tucker basal medium.

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Kluge, Ricardo Alfredo, Ricardo Antunes de Azevedo, Maria Luiza Lye Jomori, Fernando Kazuhiro Edagi, Angelo Pedro Jacomino, Salete Aparecida Gaziola und Juan Saavedra del Aguila. „Efeitos de tratamentos térmicos aplicados sobre frutas cítricas armazenadas sob refrigeração“. Ciência Rural 36, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2006): 1388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782006000500007.

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Foram aplicados tratamentos térmicos em laranja "Valência", tangor "Murcott" e lima ácida "Tahiti" armazenadas em baixa temperatura e avaliados os efeitos na redução de injúrias pelo frio e sobre outras características bioquímicas. Os seguintes tratamentos foram aplicados: T1: frutas armazenadas a 1°C (Controle); T2: aquecimento rápido das frutas em água quente a 53°C, durante 3 minutos, sendo, em seguida, armazenadas a 1°C; T3: aquecimento lento das frutas em câmara regulada para 37°C, por 2 dias, com posterior armazenamento a 1°C; e T4: aquecimento intermitente em ciclos de 6 dias a 1°C + 1 dia a 25°C. As frutas foram armazenadas durante 90 dias a 1°C e 90-95% de Umidade Relativa (UR), sendo avaliadas a cada 15 dias. Além da incidência dos danos, foram avaliadas também as atividades das enzimas antioxidativas (catalase, glutationa redutase e ascorbato peroxidase). A lima ácida "Tahiti" e o tangor "Murcott" suportaram até 90 dias de armazenamento a 1°C com aquecimento intermitente, não apresentando danos pelo frio. No tratamento controle (armazenamento contínuo a 1°C), os danos pelo frio surgiram aos 30 dias de armazenamento para a lima "Tahiti" e aos 45 dias para o tangor "Murcott". Em laranjas "Valência", as injúrias pelo frio surgiram aos 45 dias de armazenamento, sendo significativamente menores no condicionamento térmico. Os efeitos dos tratamentos térmicos no aumento da resistência das frutas ao frio podem estar relacionados com a atividade das enzimas antioxidativas. Para a laranja "Valência", os tratamentos térmicos, aplicados na forma de condicionamento térmico ou aquecimento intermitente, reduzem as injúrias pelo frio e podem prolongar a conservação das frutas a 1°C e 90-95% UR. Para tangor "Murcott" e lima "Tahiti", o aquecimento intermitente é o tratamento mais eficiente para a redução de injúrias pelo frio e para o aumento na capacidade de armazenamento.

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Feger, Wolfgang, Herbert Brandauer und Herta Ziegler. „Analytical Investigation of Murcott (Honey) Tangerine Peel Oil“. Journal of Essential Oil Research 15, Nr. 3 (Mai 2003): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2003.9712097.

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Roiz, Levava, Uzi Ozeri, Raphael Goren und Oded Shoseyov. „Characterization of Aspergillus niger B-1 RNase and Its Inhibitory Effect on Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth in Selected Tree Fruit“. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 125, Nr. 1 (Januar 2000): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.125.1.9.

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Aspergillus niger B-1 (CMI CC 324626) extracellular RNase (RNase B1) was purified to homogeneity. It was found to contain two isoforms of 32- and 40-kDa glycoproteins, sharing a 29-kDa protein moiety. Optimal RNase activity was observed at 60 °C and pH 3.5. In `Almog' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Peach Group) `Almog'] and `Murcott' tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco `Murcott') the enzyme inhibited pollen germination and pollen tube growth in vitro as well as in vivo. In field experiments, spray application of the RNase caused a reduction in `Fantasia' nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Nectarine Group) `Fantasia'] fruit set and interfered with embryo development. The biological effect of the RNase may be of horticultural value, due to its potential to control fertilization.

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Salvatore, James J., Mark A. Ritenour, Brian T. Scully und L. Gene Albrigo. „(91) Yield Recovery of Commercial Citrus Trees Impacted by the 2004 and 2005 Florida Hurricanes“. HortScience 41, Nr. 4 (Juli 2006): 1022D—1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1022d.

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Up to three hurricanes (Charley, Frances, and Jeanne) passed over the same citrus-producing areas of Florida in August and September 2004. In October 2005, hurricane Wilma also passed over South Florida. We began evaluating citrus tree recovery in four commercial groves (red and white grapefruit, and `Murcott' tangerine) following the 2004 hurricanes to determine how quickly commercial groves recover following such catastrophic events. We previously reported that, among other things, even branches formed after the last 2004 hurricane matured sufficiently to flower the following spring, but to a lesser extent than older shoots. Here, we report hurricane effects on tree yield, fruit quality, and shelf life. Fruit loss was dramatic following the 2004 hurricanes (>90%). Fruit loss was also substantial following hurricane Wilma, with `Murcott' yields reduced 18% and grapefruit yields reduced 58%-65%. However, in comparison to 2003 pre-hurricane yields, yields following hurricane Wilma declined only 9% for `Murcott,' and 26%-40% for grapefruit. These yield reductions are less than the fruit lost due to the present year's hurricane. Therefore, the citrus trees studied demonstrated tremendous resilience and, if not for another hurricane the following year, would have likely exceeded pre-hurricane yields only 1 year after the devastating 2004 hurricanes. Effects of the hurricanes on harvested fruit quality and shelf life will also be discussed.

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Hamdan, Dalia I., Riham A. El-Shiekh, May A. El-Sayed, Heba M. A. Khalil, Mohamed R. Mousa, Amal A. Al-Gendy und Assem M. El-Shazly. „Phytochemical characterization and anti-inflammatory potential of Egyptian Murcott mandarin cultivar waste (stem, leaves and peel)“. Food & Function 11, Nr. 9 (2020): 8214–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0fo01796e.

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The stem, leaf and fruit peel of Murcott mandarins were separately extracted and fractionated into dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. In vitro and in vivo studies of the anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective activity of DCM-L were conducted.

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Pinheiro, Ana Luiza, Angelo Pedro Jacomino, Maria Cecília de Arruda und Ricardo Alfredo Kluge. „Duration of hydrothermal treatment and peeling of 'Murcott' tangor“. Scientia Agricola 68, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2011): 638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162011000600005.

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Rehal, Jagbir, Gagan Jyot Kaur und Harsimrat K. Bons. „Studies on physico-mechanical properties of W. Murcott mandarin“. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, Nr. 1 (01.03.2017): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i1.1154.

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The post-harvest physico-mechanical properties of fruits is important in adoption and design of varioushandling, packaging, storage and transportation systems. These are important for sizing and grading the fruit beforemarketing as well as demarcate their end use. Geometric, gravimetric and textural properties were determined forthe fresh samples of W. Murcottmandarin. The results show that W. Murcottfruit diameter varies from 81.82-68.97mm, equatorial length varies from 86.51-68.43 mm, and length varies from 61.33-52.08 mm. The specific mean areais 57.591 with the sphericity of 0.90. The L, a, b values were 53.37, 42.9 and 49.68 respectively. The firmness variedfrom 1.351-1.650 kgf. These physical attributes can be taken into consideration while designing the grading andprocessing equipment.

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Mattos Junior, Dirceu, José Antônio Quaggio, Heitor Cantarella und Sérgio Alves de Carvalho. „Superfícies de resposta do tangor 'Murcott' à fertilização com N, P e K“. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 26, Nr. 1 (April 2004): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452004000100043.

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O valor de comercialização no mercado de fruta fresca e a maior resistência a doenças, como o declínio e a clorose variegada dos citros, comparado às variedades de laranjas, estimularam a produção de tangerinas e de 'Murcott' na última década. Por outro lado, faltam informações seguras para o diagnóstico das necessidades de adubação para esses cítricos. Assim, o presente trabalho foi planejado com os objetivos de estudar a demanda por nutrientes e estabelecer doses de fertilizantes para maximizar a produtividade e a qualidade dos frutos de tangor 'Murcott' e definir critérios de diagnóstico da análise de folhas para o manejo nutricional dessas plantas. O experimento foi desenvolvido durante seis anos, num pomar comercial da variedade Murcott sobre limoeiro 'Cravo', com 4 anos de idade. Os tratamentos foram arranjados no delineamento fatorial fracionado, do tipo ½ (4³) e constituídos por níveis de N (30; 100; 170 e 240 kg N ha-1), de P (20; 80; 140 e 200 kg ha-1 de P2O5) e de K (30; 110; 190 e 270 kg ha-1 de K2O). O N aumentou a produção média do período, enquanto o efeito do K foi negativo. Não houve efeito significativo para doses de P. A produção máxima de frutos foi obtida com as doses 155; 20 e 30 kg ha-1, respectivamente, de N, P2O5 e K2O, enquanto, para otimizar o tamanho dos frutos, foi necessário elevar a doses de K para 270 kg ha-1 de K2O. Outras características de qualidade dos frutos também foram estudas, bem como critérios para a interpretação de resultados de análises de folhas.

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Bastianel, Marinês, Antonio Carlos de Oliveira, Mariângela Cristofani und Marcos Antônio Machado. „Diversidade genética entre híbridos de laranja-doce e tangor 'Murcott' avaliada por fAFLP e RAPD“. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 41, Nr. 5 (Mai 2006): 779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2006000500009.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade genética em uma população de 148 híbridos de tangor 'Murcott' (Citrus reticulata Blanco x C. sinensis L. Osbeck) e laranja 'Pêra' (C. sinensis L. Osbeck) obtidos por polinização controlada, pelo uso de marcadores fAFLP e RAPD. Marcadores polimórficos (416 marcadores fAFLP e 33 RAPD) foram utilizados para avaliar a similaridade genética entre os híbridos, calculada com o coeficiente Jaccard pelo método UPGMA. A consistência de cada agrupamento foi determinada pelo programa BOOD. Houve alta similaridade genética entre os parentais. A laranja 'Pêra' apresentou maior número (132) de loci em heterozigose em relação ao tangor 'Murcott' (105), corroborando a teoria de origem híbrida para a laranja-doce. Observaram-se dois grupos distintos de plantas, e um deles abrangeu 80% dos híbridos com maior similaridade com a laranja 'Pêra'. A análise bootstrap não revelou consistência estatística entre esses grupos. Marcadores fAFLP são mais eficientes na avaliação do polimorfismo, sendo indicados para seleção de indivíduos híbridos mais próximos a um dos parentais.

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Machado, Eduardo Caruso, Patrícia Tambelli Schmidt, Camilo Lázaro Medina und Rafael Vasconcelos Ribeiro. „Respostas da fotossíntese de três espécies de citros a fatores ambientais“. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 40, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2005): 1161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2005001200002.

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Foram avaliadas as respostas das trocas gasosas à irradiância, à temperatura, ao déficit de pressão de vapor e à concentração interna de CO2 em plantas jovens de laranjeira 'Valência', tangor 'Murcote' e lima ácida 'Tahiti', sob condições controladas. As taxas máximas de assimilação de CO2 foram de 9,8, 12,8 e 13,0 µmol m-2 s-1 em 'Valência', 'Murcote' e 'Tahiti', respectivamente. Diferenças na taxa de assimilação de CO2 foram relacionadas com a condutância estomática e com a eficiência instantânea de carboxilação. A saturação da fotossíntese pela luz foi em torno de 750 µmol m-2 s-1 em 'Valência'. Em 'Murcote' e 'Tahiti', não houve um ponto evidente de saturação lumínica, pois houve pequenos aumentos da assimilação de CO2 acima de 1.000 µmol m-2 s-1. Os pontos de compensação de CO2 foram 4,8, 5,8 e 5,4 Pa em 'Valência', 'Murcote' e 'Tahiti', respectivamente. Temperaturas das folhas entre 25ºC e 30ºC corresponderam à faixa ótima para a fotossíntese em 'Valência' e ao redor de 30ºC em 'Murcote' e 'Tahiti'. Quedas das taxas de assimilação de CO2 em temperaturas acima ou abaixo da ideal ocorreram em razão de quedas parciais na condutância estomática e na eficiência instantânea de carboxilação. A taxa de assimilação de CO2 também decresceu com o aumento do déficit de pressão de vapor de 1,5 para 3,5 kPa. Este efeito foi mais acentuado quando a temperatura aumentou de 28ºC para 35ºC.

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Carvalho, Daniel Diego Costa, Eduardo Alves, Renato Barbosa Camargos, Denilson Ferreira Oliveira, José Roberto Soares Scolforo, Douglas Antônio de Carvalho und Tereza Raquel Sâmia Batista. „Plant extracts to control Alternaria alternata in Murcott tangor fruits“. Revista Iberoamericana de Micología 28, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2011): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.riam.2011.05.001.

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Fo, Francisco A. A. Mourão, Jude W. Grosser und Frederick G. Gmitter. „361 IN VITRO CITRUS BREEDING FOR SCION IMPROVEMENT“. HortScience 29, Nr. 5 (Mai 1994): 482f—482. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.482f.

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Protoplast culture following polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced fusion resulted in the regeneration of somatic hybrid plants from the following combinations: `Succari' sweet orange (C. sinensis L. Osbeck) + `Ponkan' mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco), `Succari' sweet orange + `Dancy' mandarin (C. reticulata), `Succari' sweet orange + `Page' tangelo [a sexual hybrid between `Minneola' tangelo (C. reticulata × C. paradisi Mcf.) × `Clementine' mandarin (C. reticulata)], `Valencia' sweet orange (C. sinensis) + `Page' tangelo. `Succari' and `Valencia' protoplasts were isolated -from ovule-derived embryogenic cell suspension cultures and from seedling leaves for the other parents. Somatic hybrid plants were Identified on the basis of leaf morphology and electrophoretic analysis of isozyme banding patterns. Root tip cell chromosome counting is being performed on all plants. Other putative somatic hybrids Include: `Succari' sweet orange + `Minneola' tangelo; `Succari' sweet orange + `Murcott' tangos (C. sinensis × C. reticulata); `Valencia' sweet orange + `Murcott' tangor; and `Valencia' sweet orange + `Dancy' mandarin. These plants may have direct cultivar potential, but there primary use will be for interploid hybridization with selected monoembryonic scions to produce improved seedless triploids.

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Tsai, Meng-Shiun, Tan-Cha Lee und Pai-Tsang Chang. „Comparison of Paper Bags, Calcium Carbonate, and Shade Nets for Sunscald Protection in ‘Murcott’ Tangor Fruit“. HortTechnology 23, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2013): 659–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.23.5.659.

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‘Murcott’ tangor (Citrus reticulata × Citrus sinensis) is susceptible to sunscald injury due to high temperatures during summer in Chiayi, Taiwan. The average rate of sunscald damage in ‘Murcott’ tangor fruit is 13.6% when no protective measures are used. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of covering developing fruit with white paper bags, calcium carbonate, or shade nets to reduce the effects of sunscald. A significant reduction in sunscald was realized when using white paper bags, calcium carbonate spray, or white, green, and black shading nets. Calcium carbonate spraying was the most rapid method, but was less effective in controlling sunscald, and resulted in the lowest photosynthetic rate. Compared with trees under shade nets, those under black netting had larger and heavier fruit. There were no significant differences in peel color, titratable acid (TA), total soluble solids/titratable acid (TSS/TA) ratio, or respiration rate for the evaluated treatments. Although all shading materials reduced sunscald, the use of shade net was the most effective in controlling damage related to this, and thus can have significant benefits for commercial citrus (Citrus sp.) orchard operations.

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Erner, Yair. „CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT ASSOCIATED WITH BUD DIFFERENTIATION“. HortScience 27, Nr. 6 (Juni 1992): 596b—596. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.596b.

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Lack of carbohydrate has long been held to be a factor contributing to poor return bloom when fruits are “stored” on the tree for a prolonged period or after an “on” year crop. It is well-documented that in a number of nodes sited along a fruiting branch basipetal to a growing fruit, no bloom occurs in the following season. During a year's monitoring buds from an “on” year of 'Shamouti' orange and Murcott mandarin had the same level of soluble sugars and starch as from “off” year. While, leaves of 'Shamouti' did not show any differences in soluble sugars and starch with “on” and “off” years, Murcott had twice as much starch in the leaves from “off” year. Sucrose has been found to be the major sugar, with glucose up to 1/10 of sucrose and very minute amounts of glucose. Reproductive buds contained less soluble sugars than vegetative with no significant differences between basal and top buds from either type of branches. Results will be discussed in terms of carbohydrate effects on bud differentiation toward flowering. Supported by BARD No. I-1643-89.

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Salomão, Luiz Carlos Chamhum, Dalmo Lopes de Siqueira, Sebastião Fernando Ferreira Lima, Paulo Roberto Cecon, José Maria Moreira Dias und Victor Martins Maia. „Low temperature storage of NAA, GA3 and 2,4-D treated citrus budsticks“. Scientia Agricola 65, Nr. 4 (2008): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162008000400007.

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Cold storage allows citrus budstick conservation for several months, although gradual bud viability loss and abscission of leaf petioles is observed. This study aimed to maintain bud viability reducing leaf petiole abscission in budsticks of 'Baianinha' and 'Valencia' sweet oranges (C. sinensis Osbeck), 'Tahiti' lime (C. latifolia Tanaka), and 'Murcott' tangor (C. sinensis × C. reticulata), using NAA, GA3, 2,4-D, and low temperature storage. After a 15-minutes-immersion in distilled water and NAA and GA3 solutions at concentrations of 10, 100, 500 and 1000 µmol L-1, and 2,4-D solutions at concentrations of 1, 10, 50 and 100 µmol L-1, the shoots were stored in polyethylene bags at 5 ± 1ºC for 74 days. Percentage of leaf petiole abscission, fresh and dry matter losses, bud viability, and growth flush were evaluated. NAA and 2,4-D had the highest efficiency for petiole abscission inhibition, reaching almost 99% of success. The packaging system and shoot storage under low temperature efficiently reduced fresh and dry matter losses. Bud viability of 'Baianinha', 'Valencia' and 'Murcott' shoots was not reduced by storage, maintaining above 95% of grafting success. NAA, GA3 and 2,4-D treatments had no influence on sprout growth.

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Dutt, Manjul, Lígia Erpen und Jude W. Grosser. „Genetic transformation of the ‘W Murcott’ tangor: comparison between different techniques“. Scientia Horticulturae 242 (Dezember 2018): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.07.026.

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Hutton, DG, und PE Mayers. „Brown Spot of Murcott Tangor Caused by Alternaria Alternata in Queensland.“ Australasian Plant Pathology 17, Nr. 3 (1988): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/app9880069.

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Bloor, Michael. „Sociology and Medicine: selected essays by P.M. Strong- by Murcott, A.“ Sociology of Health & Illness 30, Nr. 2 (März 2008): 325–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2007.1077_1.x.

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Barbasso, Danilo Valério, Mário José Pedro Júnior und Rose Mary Pio. „Caracterização fenológica de variedades do tipo Murcott em três porta-enxertos“. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 27, Nr. 3 (Dezember 2005): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452005000300015.

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O estudo do desenvolvimento das plantas relacionado com as condições climáticas de uma região permite a elaboração de modelos de previsão que podem ser úteis na programação de colheita. Esses modelos possibilitam prever o início da safra e a duração dos diferentes períodos fenológicos das plantas, assim como auxilia no manejo de práticas agrícolas. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar variedades de tangerinas do tipo Murcott enxertadas em diferentes porta-enxertos, avaliando a resposta fenológica de cada uma delas em função do acúmulo de graus-dia. O experimento foi conduzido no Centro Avançado de Pesquisa Tecnológica do Agronegócio de Citros Sylvio Moreira/IAC, localizado na cidade de Cordeirópolis-SP, durante a safra 2003-2004. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualisados e esquema fatorial 5 (variedades copas) x 3 (porta-enxertos), com 4 repetições, com uma planta por parcela. As variedades estudadas foram Thomas, Szuwinkon, Szuwinkon x Szinkon-Tizon e Sul da África, tendo como testemunha o tangor Murcott. Essas copas foram enxertadas em limoeiro Cravo, tangerineira Sunki e citrumeleiro Swingle, e plantadas em 1995. Para a caracterização fenológica, foram atribuídas notas de uma escala elaborada para os estádios fenológicos, desde o pré-florescimento até a maturação fisiológica dos frutos, determinando as datas de ocorrência das fases reprodutivas das plantas. Com isso, calculou-se o acúmulo de graus-dia para os subperíodos fenológicos. Pelas características das combinações, existem diferenças nas respostas das plantas, onde: a) o acúmulo de graus-dia, da antese até ratio 12, variou de 2.272 GD a 2.836 GD, sendo que as tangerinas Szuwinkon, Szuwinkon x Szinkon-Tizon e Sul da África obtiveram os menores valores (<FONT FACE=Symbol>»</FONT> 2.318 GD), a Murcott cerca de 2.462 GD e a tangerina Thomas os maiores valores (<FONT FACE=Symbol>»</FONT> 2.791 GD); foram observadas diferenças de 20 dias do florescimento até ratio 12, dependendo da combinação copa/porta-enxerto.

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Jahnke, Simone Mundstock, Luiza Rodrigues Redaelli und Lúcia Maria Guedes Diefenbach. „Primeiro registro da ocorrência de Cirrospilus floridensis Evans (Hymenoptera) como parasitóide de Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera) no Brasil“. Ciência Rural 35, Nr. 2 (April 2005): 459–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782005000200035.

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Este estudo relata o primeiro registro de Cirrospilus floridensis Evans no Brasil. Este Eulophidae foi obtido de pupas de Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (minador-das-folhas-dos-citros) presentes em folhas de bergamoteiras da variedade Montenegrina (Citrus deliciosa) e do híbrido tangor Murcott (C. sinesnis x C. reticulata) coletadas de julho de 2001 a junho de 2003 em Montenegro, RS, Brasil. Foram registrados adultos, machos e fêmeas de C. floridensis.

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Fischer, Ivan H., Leonardo Toffano, Silvia A. Lourenço und Lílian Amorim. „Caracterização dos danos pós-colheita em citros procedentes de "packinghouse"“. Fitopatologia Brasileira 32, Nr. 4 (August 2007): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-41582007000400004.

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As doenças pós-colheita representam um sério obstáculo à citricultura, uma vez que comprometem a qualidade e quantidade dos frutos colhidos. Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar as injúrias pós-colheita de frutos de laranja 'Pêra', 'Lima' e 'Natal' e de tangor 'Murcott', destinados ao mercado interno, após diferentes etapas do beneficiamento em "packinghouse". Foram coletados cem frutos na chegada ao "packinghouse", na banca de embalagem e no palete, após embalamento em caixas de madeira. Os frutos foram individualizados e submetidos à câmara úmida por 24 horas, permanecendo por mais 20 dias a 25ºC e 85% de umidade relativa. A incidência de podridões foi avaliada visualmente após a retirada da câmara úmida e a cada três dias. Os patógenos fúngicos encontrados tiveram a patogenicidade confirmada através da inoculação em frutos sadios. Não houve diferença significativa na incidência de doenças pós-colheita nas diferentes fases do processamento nas variedades Lima e Natal. Na variedade Pêra e no tangor 'Murcott', a incidência de doenças foi menor nas amostras coletadas na chegada ao "packinghouse". O bolor verde (Penicillium digitatum) foi a principal doença encontrada nos diferentes frutos cítricos. Outras doenças importantes foram a antracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), as podridões pedunculares (Lasiodiplodia theobromae e Phomopsis citri) e a podridão azeda (Geotrichum candidum).

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Stover, Ed, Scott Ciliento, Monty Myers, Brian Boman, John Jackson und Max Still. „Fruit Size and Yield of Mandarins as Influenced by Spray Volume and Surfactant Use in NAA Thinning“. HortScience 41, Nr. 6 (Oktober 2006): 1435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.6.1435.

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Six trials were conducted to determine whether lower spray volumes or inclusion of different surfactants would permit adequate thinning of mandarin hybrids (Citrus reticulata hybrids) at a much lower cost per hectare. Sprays were applied using a commercial airblast orchard sprayer during physiological drop when fruitlets averaged 8 to 16 mm in diameter. Surfactant was always included at 0.05% v/v. NAA always reduced fruit per tree, increased fruit size, and decreased production of smallest size fruit. However, in only three experiments, contrast of all NAA treatments vs. controls indicated increased production of the largest (80–100 fruit per carton) and most valuable fruit. In four of five experiments, comparison of spray volumes of 600 (only examined in three of four experiments), 1200, or 2300 L·ha–1 demonstrated significant fruit size enhancement from all NAA applications. Most individual NAA treatments resulted in fewer fruit per tree, but there were no statistically significant differences between NAA treatments at different spray volumes. In only one of the four experiments, there was a marked linear relationship between spray volume and fruit per tree, yield, mean fruit size, and production of largest fruit sizes. The effects of surfactants (Activator, a nonionic, Silwet L-77, and LI-700) on NAA thinning were tested in both `Murcott' and `Sunburst'. In comparisons between Silwet L-77 and Activator surfactant, one experiment with `Murcott' showed greater fruit per tree and yield reduction from using Silwet, but with a smaller increase in production of largest fruit sizes, whereas in another `Murcott' experiment, Silwet L-77 reduced numbers of smaller fruit size with no increase in production of larger fruit. Based on these findings, current recommendations for NAA thinning of Fla. mandarins are use of spray volume of ≈1100–1400 L·ha–1 on mature trees with proportionally lower volume on smaller trees. These data appear to support use of a nonionic surfactant rather than other tested surfactants in NAA thinning of Florida mandarins. Because experience with NAA thinning of Florida citrus is limited, it is only recommended where the disadvantages of overcropping are perceived to substantially outweigh the potential losses from overthinning.

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Bermejo, A., J. Pardo und A. Cano. „Murcott seedless: influence of gamma irradiation on citrus production and fruit quality“. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 10, Nr. 3 (01.08.2012): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2012103-460-11.

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Samra, B., und A. Shalan. „EFFECT OF HAND THINNING ON YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF "MURCOTT " TANGOR“. Journal of Plant Production 5, Nr. 8 (01.08.2014): 1433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jpp.2014.64668.

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Nascimento, Lenice Magali do, Maria Cecília de Arruda, Ivan Herman Fischer, Luriany Pompeo Ferraz und Marcella Buzo da Fonseca. „Potencial de conservação de tangerina W Murcott: armazenamento refrigerado x atmosfera modificada“. Citrus Research & Technology 32, Nr. 3 (2011): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2236-3122.20110020.

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Luengwilai, Kietsuda, Kawita Sukjamsai und Adel A. Kader. „Responses of ‘Clemenules Clementine’ and ‘W. Murcott’ mandarins to low oxygen atmospheres“. Postharvest Biology and Technology 44, Nr. 1 (April 2007): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.08.017.

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Da Silva, Yasmim Cristina Rodrigues, Raysa Maduro Alves, Bárbara Marçon Pereira da Silva, Ilana Urbano Bron und Patrícia Cia. „Chitosan and hot water treatments reduce postharvest green mould in ‘Murcott’ tangor“. Journal of Phytopathology 168, Nr. 9 (August 2020): 542–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jph.12932.

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Ennab, Hassan A., Mervat A. El-Shemy und Shamel M. Alam-Eldein. „Salicylic Acid and Putrescine to Reduce Post-Harvest Storage Problems and Maintain Quality of Murcott Mandarin Fruit“. Agronomy 10, Nr. 1 (13.01.2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010115.

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Natural products have been used to improve citrus fruit quality and storability, which increase the fruit marketing period and exportation to distant markets. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of salicylic acid and putrescine on reducing post-harvest loss and maintaining the quality of stored Murcott mandarin. Fruit were harvested at 297–300 days from full bloom, and five 5-min dipping treatments were applied; salicylic acid (200 and 400 ppm), putrescine (50 and 100 ppm), and the control. One group of fruit was stored at 5 ± 1 °C and 90–95% relative humidity (RH), and the other group was stored at 23 ± 1 °C and 60–70% RH for 45 days. Quality attributes were recorded at harvest, 15, 30, and 45 days of storage. Weight loss and decay were significantly decreased with the application of salicylic acid and putrescine. Both materials were also effective maintaining fruit firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), acidity, TSS: acid ratio, and ascorbic acid during storage. Salicylic acid, especially at 400 ppm was more effective to reduce weight loss and decay, and to maintain fruit quality in comparison to putrescine treatments. It could be concluded that salicylic acid and putrescine are effectively delaying post-harvest deterioration rate and extending the storage period of Murcott mandarin fruit with acceptable quality.

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Peres, N. A. R., J. P. Agostini und L. W. Timmer. „Outbreaks of Alternaria Brown Spot of Citrus in Brazil and Argentina“. Plant Disease 87, Nr. 6 (Juni 2003): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.6.750c.

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Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler causes lesions on leaves, twigs, and fruit and reduces yield and fruit quality of many tangerines (Citrus reticulata) and their hybrids (2). Severe outbreaks of Alternaria brown spot were observed on ‘Murcott’ tangor (Citrus reticulata × Citrus sinensis) trees in southern São Paulo, southern Minas Gerais states in Brazil, and in Misiones and Corrientes provinces in Argentina. A single diseased ‘Fortune’ tangerine tree was observed in a grove in Misiones. On young leaves, brown-to-black lesions often expanded to cover large parts of the leaf, causing abscission of young shoots and dieback of twigs. Lesions were often surrounded by yellow halos. On fruit, dark specks from 0.2 to 0.5 cm were observed, and severe infection caused premature fruit abscission. Isolations were made on potato dextrose agar (PDA) after surface sterilization of leaf and fruit tissues in 1.5% sodium hypochlorite for 1 min. Plates were incubated at 27°C in the dark for 1 week. Isolated colonies were olive brown to black, and the fungus was stimulated to form conidia by scraping the surface of the mycelium. The pathogen was a typical small-spored Alternaria species, and the morphological characteristics of the conidia and conidiophores fit the description of A. alternata. Inoculation of three detached young shoots of ‘Murcott’ with a conidial suspension (105 conidia per ml) confirmed pathogenicity of three isolates obtained from widely separated groves in southern and eastern São Paulo State in Brazil and one from Misiones Province in Argentina. A control treatment with an equal number of shoots was sprayed with distilled water only. After 48 h, all isolates caused dark lesions on the leaves, characteristic of the disease. Symptoms were observed on inoculated, but not on control shoots. Koch's postulates were satisfied by reisolation of the fungus from symptomatic tissue in all cases. Although Alternaria brown spot was reported previously in neighboring Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on ‘Dancy’ and ‘Ponkan’ tangerines (1), serious disease problems now occur on ‘Murcott’, an important commercial variety in the major production area in Brazil. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Alternaria brown spot in Argentina. References: (1) A. de Goes et al. Fitopatologia Brasileira 26(Suppl.):386, 2001. (2) L. W. Timmer et al. Pages 19–21 in: Compendium of Citrus Diseases. 2nd ed. L. W. Timmer, S. M. Garnsey, and J. H. Graham, eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2000.

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Jesus, Cristiane Ramos de, Luiza Rodrigues Redaelli und Fábio Kessler Dal Soglio. „Flutuação populacional de Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton em Citrus deliciosa e no híbrido Murcott Citrus sinensis x Citrus reticulata“. Ciência Rural 38, Nr. 3 (Juni 2008): 593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782008000300001.

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O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a dinâmica populacional de Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), o minador-dos-citros, em pomares de tangerineira Citrus deliciosa Tenore variedade Montenegrina e de tangoreiro híbrido "Murcott" Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck X Citrus reticulata Blanco, com manejo orgânico, em Montenegro (29° 68'S e 51° 46'O), Rio Grande do Sul. Foram realizadas amostragens quinzenais de julho de 2001 a junho de 2003. Os brotos coletados foram examinados em laboratório e submetidos à análise do número de folhas por broto, a da presença ou ausência de minas, do número de minas, dos ovos, das larvas e das pupas de P. citrella. Em ambos os pomares não houve registro de minas de P. citrella no primeiro fluxo de brotação, de agosto a outubro. No ano I, as maiores densidades de minas foram registradas em meados de novembro, início de janeiro e início de abril, em ambos os pomares. No ano II, constataram-se as maiores densidades de minas e larvas em janeiro e em abril, em C. deliciosa, e de dezembro a março em "Murcott". Embora o número médio de brotos registrado tenha sido sempre maior em C. deliciosa, a colonização e o estabelecimento do minador-dos-citros seguiram o mesmo padrão em ambos os pomares. A temperatura mínima e média e a umidade relativa do ar foram os fatores abióticos que apresentaram maior influência no número de minas e de larvas de P. citrella.

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Gonzaga, Daniela Loschtschagina, Rodrigo Rocha Latado, Augusto Tulmann Neto und Rose Mary Pio. „Radiossensibilidade de dois tipos de propágulos de citros“. Bragantia 70, Nr. 1 (2011): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0006-87052011000100003.

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Em programas de melhoramento de citros por indução de mutações já foi comprovada a sensibilidade diferencial às doses de mutagênico em plantas de diferentes variedades e em diferentes propágulos de uma mesma planta. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a radiossensibilidade de dois tipos de propágulos (borbulhas e segmentos de epicótilo in vitro) de tangor 'Murcott', tangerinas 'Thomas' e 'Fremont' e limão 'Cravo' (este apenas de segmentos de epicótilo in vitro) e comparar a radiossensibilidade entre propágulos e entre variedades. Foram utilizadas as doses de 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 Gy de raios-gama, com avaliações aos 60 dias dos parâmetros: porcentagem de borbulhas mortas, altura das brotações desenvolvidas, para borbulhas irradiadas; número de brotações regeneradas por explante e porcentagem de explantes responsivos, para segmentos de epicótilo in vitro irradiados. As diversas doses de radiação testadas em borbulhas causaram reduções significativas no parâmetro altura das brotações desenvolvidas das três variedades. No experimento de irradiação de segmentos de epicótilo in vitro apenas o tangor 'Murcott' e o limão 'Cravo' tiveram reduções significativas no número de brotações regeneradas por explante, em função do aumento da dose de mutagênico. Neste trabalho foi possível determinar que a radiossensibilidade de propágulos in vitro (segmentos de epicótilo) e in vivo (borbulhas) era variável em função da variedade; no caso de tangerina 'Fremont', os segmentos de epicótilo in vitro foram mais sensíveis e, em outros casos, a sensibilidade foi semelhante.

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Vega, Byron, und Megan M. Dewdney. „QoI-Resistance Stability in Relation to Pathogenic and Saprophytic Fitness Components of Alternaria alternata from Citrus“. Plant Disease 98, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2014): 1371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-14-0078-re.

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The phenotypic stability, fitness components, and ability to cause disease of isolates of the Alternaria alternata tangerine pathotype resistant to quinone-outside inhibitors (QoIs) were studied. Stability of resistance to azoxystrobin (AZ) and pyraclostrobin (PYR) was determined after consecutive transfers on potato dextrose agar (PDA). The sensitivity to QoIs did not change significantly after 10 transfers on PDA compared with the initial sensitivity of all isolates tested. Fitness components evaluated in vitro were mycelial growth, conidial germination, and conidial production. Incubation period, number of lesions per leaf area, and virulence were determined with detached leaf assays using four cultivars: Dancy, Minneola, Murcott, and Sunburst. Variability in fitness components was observed among isolates within the same sensitivity group. As a group, no significant differences in the mean values of these fitness components were observed between resistant and sensitive phenotypes, except for virulence. Resistant isolates were significantly (P < 0.05) more virulent than the sensitive isolates on Dancy, Minneola, and Sunburst but not on Murcott (P = 0.3506). There was no significant correlation between individual fitness components and the level of sensitivity to AZ and PYR. Preventive applications of Abound (commercial formulation of AZ) at full field rates failed to control disease caused by QoI-resistant isolates under greenhouse conditions. Our results suggest that QoI resistance in A. alternata tangerine pathotype is stable in the absence of QoI selection pressure and that resistance development did not affect the fitness of resistant isolates.

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