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Gilang, Rama Ginanjar, Nenet Susniahti und Danar Dono. „The effectiveness of soursop seed (Annona muricata L.) agains Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)“. CROPSAVER - Journal of Plant Protection 1, Nr. 1 (18.01.2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/cropsaver.v1i1.16994.
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Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) one of the main pests that cause damage to mung beans in storage areas. This research was conducted to determine the effective dose from soursop seed (Annona muricata) powder resulting mortality and emphasizing the amount of imago on the first-generation C. Maculatus. This research was conducted at Plant Pest Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor using experimental method of Complete Random Design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were tested using 5 doses of A. muricata seed powder with 1 grams, 3 grams, 5 grams, 7 grams, and 9 grams doses, and added with control or without treatment. The results showed that the dose of 5 grams A. muricata seed powder showed the mortality of C. maculatus by 94% at 8 days after infestation, emphasizing the amount of eggs which is placed C. maculatus of mungbean seed 77,64%. Emphasis on the emergence of the first generation of imago in the mung bean seeds is 74.67%. The lowest of loss weight mung beed seed amount 1,33%.Keywords: Annona muricata, Callosobruchus maculatus, Soursop Seed Powder, Mortality
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Saeed, Muhammad S., Sadia Kaukab, Chaudhary M. Rafiq, Aziz U. Rehman, Aqsa Tahir, Ghulfam Riasat, Ehsan Khan und Sobia Ijaz. „PRI MUNG-2018 : A NEW MUNGBEAN VARIETY RELEASED IN PAKISTAN FOUND RESISTANT TO VIRAL DISEASES“. Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology 30, Nr. 2 (27.12.2018): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.33866/phytopathol.030.02.0460.
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A cross was made between Line No.1 and E-321 in 2002. The material was handled in filial generations following pedigree method from 2002-2018. It was tested in yield trials 2009-14 and was found high yielding as compared to check variety AZRI Mung-2006. In disease screening nurseries it had shown good disease resistance against Mung bean yellow mosaic virus, Urdbean Leaf Crinkle virus and Cercospora disease. It also exhibited tolerance to insect pests. In addition to this, proposed variety needs no special production technology package and fit in a better way in Rice-Wheat cropping system or between wheat and succeeding crop as catch crop due to short duration. The new variety PRI Mung-2018 is suitable for all areas of Punjab province.
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Makhmudova, Shahnoza, und Khonoyim Ergasheva. „Main pests of mung bean and the effectiveness of chemicals use in pest management“. E3S Web of Conferences 284 (2021): 03020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128403020.
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In this paper, our studies have shown that a total of 27 species of pests belonging to 7 classes of 2 genus occur and cause damage in replanted mung bean agrobiocenosis. The highest biological efficiency in the cultivation of alfalfa in Mung bean is Entolucho 20% - 0.3 l/ha, Bagira 20% -0.3 l/ha, Karache Duo 25% - 0.3 l/ha. When using chemicals in the amount of BI-58 (new) 40% - 1.0 l/ha, Imidogold 35% - 0.25 l, Lamdex SC 5% - 0.5 l/ha against bruxus, more than 85-90% biological efficiency was achieved in our research.
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Horgan, Crisol Martínez, Stuart, Bernal, de Cima Martín, Almazan und Ramal. „Effects of Vegetation Strips, Fertilizer Levels and Varietal Resistance on the Integrated Management of Arthropod Biodiversity in a Tropical Rice Ecosystem“. Insects 10, Nr. 10 (01.10.2019): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10100328.
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Integrated biodiversity management aims to conserve the beneficial species components of production ecosystems and reduce the impacts of pests. In 2011 and 2013, experiments were conducted at Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, to compare arthropod communities in rice plots and on levees with and without vegetation strips. Vegetation strips included spontaneous weeds, sesame and okra (2011), or mung bean (2013). The plots were treated with one of three nitrogen levels and in one experiment were planted with planthopper-resistant (IR62) and susceptible (IR64) rice varieties. Parasitoids and predators of lepidopteran pests and of the ricebug, Leptocorisa oratorius, were more abundant in high-nitrogen rice plots where their prey/hosts also had highest densities. Planthoppers and leafhoppers were more abundant in low-nitrogen plots. Weedy and sesame/okra bunds provided habitat for a range of natural enemies including spiders, parasitoids and predatory bugs, but did not have higher pest numbers than cleared bunds. Higher abundances of the predator Cythorhinus lividipennis and higher parasitism of planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) eggs by Anagrus sp. were associated with sesame/okra bunds in late season rice plots. Mung bean also provided habitat for key predators and parasitoids that spilled over to adjacent rice; however, mung bean was also associated with higher numbers of lepidopteran and grain-sucking pests in the adjacent rice, albeit without increased damage to the rice. For ricebug in particular, damage was probably reduced by higher parasitoid:pest ratios adjacent to the vegetation strips. Varietal resistance and mung bean strips had an additive effect in reducing abundance of the planthopper Sogatella furcifera and the leafhopper Nephotettix virescens. Reduced numbers of these latter pests close to vegetation strips were often compensated for by other plant-sucking bugs, thereby increasing the intensity of potentially stabilizing interspecific interactions such as competition. We highlight the benefits of diversifying rice landscapes and the need to optimize vegetation strips, e.g., by including lepidopteran trap-plants, for intensive rice production systems.
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Hadi, Novian Swasono, Arta Farmawati und Ahmad Ghozali. „Pencegahan hipertensi dan penebalan dinding aorta dengan pemberian kecambah kacang hijau (Phaseolus radiatus (L)) pada tikus putih Sprague Dawley“. Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 12, Nr. 3 (30.01.2016): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.22454.
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Background: Lifestyle changes with high-fat food consumption is one of the factors the risks of cardiovascular diseases like of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. A healthy diet and a balanced diet and consume foods that contain lots of antioxidants is one of the effective ways to prevent hyperlipidemia. Mung bean sprouts have properties that neutralize free radicals cause Hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases because it is an antioxidant compound.Objective: The aim of this study was to determinate the effect of mung bean sprouts (Phaseolus radiatus (L)) to blood pressure and histopathology aorta of Sprague-Dawley male rats.Method: The type of study was experimental research using pre-post test controlled group design for blood pressure variable and post test only controlled group design histopathology aorta. The thirty-five of Sprague-Dawley male rats was eight weeks divided into 5 groups. The first group was given standard diet, group 2 was given a hight fat diet, the third group was given a high-fat diet and mung bean sprout 0,67 gram, group 4 was given a high-fat diet and mung bean 1,34 gram, and group 5 was given a high-fat diet and vitamin E doses of 23 IU.Results: Result of this study showed that after 4 weeks of treatment, increased in blood pressure systole in the given of high fat diet higher than group who were given a high fat diet and mung bean sprout and also on group who were given high fat diet and vitamin E, but there is no difference effect a decrease in blood pressure between the provision of mung bean sprouts and vitamin E (p>0,05). Statistical analysis to thick the wall the aorta show the similarity meaningful in all the treatment group, it can be said that overall thick the wall the aorta in this research is not different.Conclusion: A dose of mung bean sprout 0,67 g is optimal doses in preventing a rise in blood pressure and prevent alterations histopathology Sprague-Dawley male rats.
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Kapravelou, Garyfallia, Rosario Martínez, Gloria Perazzoli, Cristina Sánchez González, Juan Llopis, Samuel Cantarero, Marie Goua et al. „Germination Improves the Polyphenolic Profile and Functional Value of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.)“. Antioxidants 9, Nr. 8 (13.08.2020): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9080746.
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The use of legumes as functional foods has gained increasing attention for the prevention and treatment of the so called non-communicable diseases that are highly prevalent worldwide. In this regard, biotechnological approaches for the enhancement of legumes’ nutritional and functional value have been extensively employed. In the present study, the process of germination increased several parameters of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) functionality, including extract yield, total phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant capacity. In addition, 3-day-germinated mung bean proved to be an interesting source of dietary essential minerals and exhibited a greater variety of polyphenolic compounds compared to raw mung bean. These properties resulted in enhanced cytoprotective features of the 3-day mung bean extracts against radical oxygen species in human colorectal (HT29) and monocyte (U937) cell lines. Moreover, the antiproliferative effects were tested in different colon cancer cell lines, T84 and drug-resistant HCT-18, as well as in a non-tumor colon CCD-18 line. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the germination process improves the mung bean’s nutritional value and its potential as a functional food.
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MOHLE-BOETANI, J. C., J. FARRAR, P. BRADLEY, J. D. BARAK, M. MILLER, R. MANDRELL, P. MEAD et al. „Salmonella infections associated with mung bean sprouts: epidemiological and environmental investigations“. Epidemiology and Infection 137, Nr. 3 (25.02.2008): 357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268808000411.
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SUMMARYWe investigated an outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infections linked to raw mung bean sprouts in 2000 with two case-control studies and reviewed six similar outbreaks that occurred in 2000–2002. All outbreaks were due to unusual phage types (PT) of SE and occurred in the United States (PT 33, 1, and 913), Canada (PT 11b and 913), and The Netherlands (PT 4b). PT 33 was in the spent irrigation water and a drain from one sprout grower. None of the growers disinfected seeds at recommended concentrations. Only two growers tested spent irrigation water; neither discarded the implicated seed lots after receiving a report of Salmonella contamination. We found no difference in the growth of SE and Salmonella Newport on mung beans. Mung bean sprout growers should disinfect seeds, test spent irrigation water, and discontinue the use of implicated seed lots when pathogens are found. Laboratories should report confirmed positive Salmonella results from sprout growers to public health authorities.
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Cheng, Dai, Ruhua Wang, Chunling Wang und Lihua Hou. „Mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.) polyphenol extract attenuates aluminum-induced cardiotoxicity through an ROS-triggered Ca2+/JNK/NF-κB signaling pathway in rats“. Food & Function 8, Nr. 2 (2017): 851–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6fo01817c.
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Aluko, Rotimi E. „Determination of Nutritional and Bioactive Properties of Peptides in Enzymatic Pea, Chickpea, and Mung Bean Protein Hydrolysates“. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 91, Nr. 4 (01.07.2008): 947–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/91.4.947.
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Abstract Within the primary structure of many pea and mung bean proteins are peptide sequences that can potentially be used in the formulation of therapeutic products for the treatment and prevention of human diseases. However, these peptide sequences need protease treatments before they can be released free of the parent proteins. Unlike chemical hydrolysis, enzymatic treatment enables more efficient tailoring of peptide products without formation of toxic by-products or destruction of amino acids. This review provides information on current methods that have been used to convert inactive pea and mung bean proteins into bioactive peptides. It focuses on 3 main bioactive properties, such as inhibitions of (1) angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity; (2) calmodulin (CaM)-dependent enzymes; and (3) copper-chelating activity. ACE is an established marker for hypertension, high levels of some CaM-dependent enzymes are risk factors for various human diseases including cancer and Alzheimer's disease, and high vascular copper concentrations may potentiate atherosclerosis. Also reviewed are the production and evaluation of activity of hypoallergenic peptides that may offer protection against anaphylactic reactions. The 3 main proteins discussed are chickpea, mung bean, and field pea.
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Faizin, Minal, Nadrawati Nadrawati und Edhi Turmudi. „TINGKAT SERANGAN HAMA PENGGEREK POLONG, Maruca testulalis Geyer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)) PADA DELAPAN VARIETAS KACANG HIJAU (Vigna radiata L.) DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP HASIL“. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 21, Nr. 1 (26.06.2019): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jipi.21.1.55-61.
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[THE INCIDENCE OF POD-BORER, Maruca testulalis Geyer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) IN EIGHT MUNG BEAN VARIETIES (Vigna radiata L.) AND ITS EFFECT ON YIELD]. Mung beans are an essential food crop in Indonesia, whose production is still increasing to meet domestic needs. However, the high attack of plant pests Maruca testulalis Geyer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the leading causes of the low production of green beans. The use of superior varieties is one solution to controlling these pests. This study was conducted to test seven superior varieties of green beans, namely Vima 1, Vima 2, Vima 3, Murai, Kenari, Kutilang and Seriti and one local variety against M. testulalis. The study used a completely randomized block design and was repeated three times. The results showed that the mungbean varieties Vima 1, Vima 2, and Vima 3 had M. testulalis attack with the lowest level of seed damage in sequence, namely 5.84%, 7.94%, and 6.39%. Even though the percentage of pod borers attack did not significantly affect the growth of all Balitkabi superior varieties and one local variety of mungbean planted, the Kutilang variety was the highest yield with seed yield rates that were as low as other low-attack varieties.
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Studer, Patrick, Werner E. Heller, Jörg Hummerjohann und David Drissner. „Evaluation of Aerated Steam Treatment of Alfalfa and Mung Bean Seeds To Eliminate High Levels of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and O178:H12, Salmonella enterica, and Listeria monocytogenes“. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, Nr. 15 (24.05.2013): 4613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00443-13.
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ABSTRACTSprouts contaminated with human pathogens are able to cause food-borne diseases due to the favorable growth conditions for bacteria during germination and because of minimal processing steps prior to consumption. We have investigated the potential of hot humid air, i.e., aerated steam, to treat alfalfa and mung bean seeds which have been artificially contaminated withEscherichia coliO157:H7,Salmonella entericasubsp.entericaserovar Weltevreden, andListeria monocytogenesScott A. In addition, a recently collectedE. coliO178:H12 isolate, characterized by a reduced heat sensitivity, was exposed to the treatment described. Populations ofE. coliO157:H7 andS. entericaon alfalfa and mung bean seeds could be completely eliminated by a 300-s treatment with steam at 70 ± 1°C as revealed by enrichment studies.L. monocytogenesandE. coliO178:H12 could not be completely eliminated from artificially inoculated seeds. However, bacterial populations were reduced by more than 5 log CFU/g on alfalfa and by more than 4 log CFU/g on mung bean seeds. The germination rate of mung beans was not affected by the 300-s treatment compared to the germination rate of untreated seeds whereas that of alfalfa seeds was significantly lower by 11.9%. This chemical-free method is an effective alternative to the 20,000-ppm hypochlorite treatment presently recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
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Tripathi, Shashi Mani, A. K. Singh, D. C. Singh und Pankaj Kumar. „Evaluation of IPM modules for management of sucking pests and pod borers of Mung bean, Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek“. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences 26, Nr. 1 (2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-0163.2018.00006.x.
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Zhang, Ruifang, Dezhong Ji, Qiuqiu Zhang und Linhong Jin. „Evaluation of Eleven Plant Species as Potential Banker Plants to Support Predatory Orius sauteri in Tea Plant Systems“. Insects 12, Nr. 2 (14.02.2021): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12020162.
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Tea green leafhoppers and thrips are key pests in tea plantations and have widely invaded those of Asian origin. Pesticides are currently a favorable control method but not desirable for frequent use on tea plants. To meet Integrated Pest Management (IPM) demand, biological control with a natural enemy is viewed as the most promising way. Orius sauteri are slated to be a natural enemy to tea pests. However, more knowledge of rearing O. sauteri and selecting banker plant systems is strongly needed. The reproductive biology evaluation of the egg oviposition and population life parameters of O. sauteri under laboratory conditions were examined, and the supporting ability of 11 plant species—motherwort, white clover, red bean, mung bean, peanut, soybean, kidney bean, herba violae, bush vetch, smooth vetch, and common vetch—in a greenhouse was assessed. Most of the selected plants, except for herba violae, performed relatively well with high oviposition quantity and survival. The mean fecundity per female on red bean and motherwort was 148.75 eggs and 148.25 eggs, respectively, and 90.20 eggs for tea plants (the smallest); there also were significant differences. In an experiment to determine the life parameters of O. sauteri, all the tested plants, except herba violae, were found to be able to complete the growth and development of the life cycle; there also were significant differences. The intrinsic rate of increase of motherwort and red bean was 1.18 and 1.17, respectively, and higher compared to that of the other plants, including tea plants (1.13). This result of the O. sauteri population development index was also confirmed in a greenhouse with the number of motherwort and red beans being as high as 113.33 and 112.67. Since motherwort was found to be susceptible to aphids and powdery mildew in each trial, it cannot be used for intercropping in tea gardens. Among the 11 plants, red bean was found to be the most suitable to support O. sauteri in tea plantations.
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M.S.W Puu, Yustina, und Hildegardis Nalti Nansi. „PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAUN MIMBA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN HAMA Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Coleoptera : Bruchidae)“. AGRICA 12, Nr. 2 (01.12.2019): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37478/agr.v12i2.205.
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Callosobruchus Chinensis is a pest that damages mung bean seeds in storage and causes damage to both the quality and quantity of seeds. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of neem leaf extracts in suppressing the development of the Callosobruchus Chinensis pest as one of the postharvest pests in the commodity green beans. This research conducted at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Flores, by using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications. The concentration of neem leaf extract treatment is 0 ml / l, 25 ml / l, 30 ml / l, 35 ml / l, and 40 ml / l. The results showed that the concentration of neem leaf extract 40 ml / l caused mortality of C. Chinensis imago as contact poison by 99% and nerve poison by 47%. While the effectiveness of the limb leaf extract on spawning activity was 86%.
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M.S.W Puu, Yustina, und Hildegardis Nalti Nansi. „PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAUN MIMBA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN HAMA Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Coleoptera : Bruchidae)“. AGRICA 12, Nr. 2 (01.12.2019): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37478/agr.v12i2.306.
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Callosobruchus Chinensis is a pest that damages mung bean seeds in storage and causes damage to both the quality and quantity of seeds. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of neem leaf extracts in suppressing the development of the Callosobruchus Chinensis pest as one of the postharvest pests in the commodity green beans. This research conducted at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Flores, by using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications. The concentration of neem leaf extract treatment is 0 ml / l, 25 ml / l, 30 ml / l, 35 ml / l, and 40 ml / l. The results showed that the concentration of neem leaf extract 40 ml / l caused mortality of C. Chinensis imago as contact poison by 99% and nerve poison by 47%. While the effectiveness of the limb leaf extract on spawning activity was 86%.
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M.S.W Puu, Yustina, und Hildegardis Nalti Nansi. „PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAUN MIMBA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN HAMA Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Coleoptera : Bruchidae)“. AGRICA 1, Nr. 2 (01.12.2019): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37478/agr.v1i2.306.
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Callosobruchus Chinensis is a pest that damages mung bean seeds in storage and causes damage to both the quality and quantity of seeds. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of neem leaf extracts in suppressing the development of the Callosobruchus Chinensis pest as one of the postharvest pests in the commodity green beans. This research conducted at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Flores, by using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications. The concentration of neem leaf extract treatment is 0 ml / l, 25 ml / l, 30 ml / l, 35 ml / l, and 40 ml / l. The results showed that the concentration of neem leaf extract 40 ml / l caused mortality of C. Chinensis imago as contact poison by 99% and nerve poison by 47%. While the effectiveness of the limb leaf extract on spawning activity was 86%.
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Shanthichandra, W. K. N., S. A. Gunasekera und T. V. Price. „Diseases and pests of the winged bean(Psophocarpus tetragonolobus[L.] DC.) in Sri Lanka“. Tropical Pest Management 36, Nr. 4 (Januar 1990): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670879009371515.
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Muthomi, James, A. M. Fulano, J. M. Wagacha und A. W. Mwang’ombe. „Management of Snap Bean Insect Pests and Diseases by Use of Antagonistic Fungi and Plant Extracts“. Sustainable Agriculture Research 6, Nr. 3 (17.06.2017): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v6n3p52.
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Use of synthetic pesticides reduces the competitiveness of Kenyan snap bean pods due to stringent regulations by importers as a result of presence of chemical residues. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of local biopesticides in managing insect pests and diseases of snap beans. Field experiments were set up in farmer's field where Trichoderma spp. and Paecilomyce spp. and plant extracts from turmeric, garlic, ginger and lemon were applied weekly as foliar sprays. Plant extracts reduced the population of whiteflies and thrips by up to 58% and 41% while antagonistic fungi had a corresponding 30% and 18% reduction, respectively. Trichoderma spp. reduced severity of angular leaf spot (37.5%), rust (67%) and anthracnose (20.7%). Plant extracts and antagonistic fungi increased marketable pod yield by 25.6% and 17.3%, respectively. Results demonstrated that local environments are potential sources of biopesticides that can be exploited for integrated management of pests and diseases.
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Bouraïma, Amoussatou, Rachidatou Sikirou, Bruno Zocli, Vincent Ezin, Sètondji Alban Paterne Etchiha Afoha, Léopold Simplice Gnancadja, Adolphe Adjanonhoun und Kerstin Hell. „Pests and Diseases Associated with Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) Cultivation at Farmers’ Levels in the Central Region of Benin“. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 12, Nr. 2 (01.08.2020): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.23771.
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Roots and tubers are one of the most important crops that provide food security in West Africa. Thus, Pachyrhisus erosus with its various potentials, is planned to be introduced in Benin to improve the nutritional quality of the population. Prior to that, this study aimed at assessing pests and disease of P. erosus in the agroecological conditions in the central parts of Benin. Conducted at experimental field in Savè during two consecutive years, experiments were laid in a completely randomized block design with 4 replications and three treatments including EC 533 and EC Kew cultivars of P. erosus and cowpea variety named Kpodji-Guèguè. Results showed that the major pests collected from P. erosus namely Ootheca mutabilis, Medythia quaterna, Piezotrachelus varium, Megalurothrips sjostedti and Brevipalpus phoenis were not so far reported in it. Compared to cowpea, pest’s infestation and their damages were lower on P. erosus. Infestation severity on leaves and the percentage of perforated green pods ranged from 0.7% to 3% against 0.8% to 88.9% and from 12.5% to 16% against 57.2% to 64% respectively on P. erosus and cowpea. Cercospora disease caused by Cercospora canescens and yam bean leaf blight caused by an unknown fungus were observed. Cercospora disease affected cowpea and P. erosus while yam bean leaf blight affected only P. erosus. This study provides additional data on pests and diseases associated with P. erosus worldwide and alerts farmers regarding their management.
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Eshte, Yesuf, Misganaw Mitiku und Wondwesen Shiferaw. „Assessment of Important Plant Disease of Major Crops (Sorghum Maize, Common bean, Coffee, Mung Bean, Cowpea) in South Omo and Segen Peoples Zone of Ethiopia“. Current Agriculture Research Journal 3, Nr. 1 (28.02.2015): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.3.1.10.
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Production and productivity of maize, sorghum, Haricot bean Mung bean cow pea and coffee are highly threatened by different diseases in South omo and Segen peoples zone of Southern Nation Nationality Peoples Region of Ethiopia. However, the relative importance of each disease across locations has not been assessed and well profiled to sound management strategy. To determine the occurrence, distribution and the status of in the two zones , survey was carried out in three districts of South omo and Segen peoples zone i.e. South Ari and Benatsemay(South omo zone) and Konsso (Segen peoples zone), in 2013 cropping seasons. Results indicated that 70% of maize sampled plants were infected by Trichometasphaeria turcica at South Ari district of South omo zone. Whereas at Segen peoples zone the heights infected percentage was recorded 45%( Fusarium graminearum) . The current study indicated that a complex of diseases exist at different crops of the studied areas and the occurrence across districts is highly variable despite introduction and promotion of different management practices. Therefore holistic and cumulative integrated approach is required to manage the complex diseases in the surveyed areas.
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Gan, Ren-You, Wing-Yee Lui, Ming-Fu Wang, Harold Corke und Zhong-Quan Sui. „Accumulation of solvent-soluble and solvent-insoluble antioxidant phenolics in edible bean sprouts: implication of germination“. Functional Foods in Health and Disease 6, Nr. 8 (30.08.2016): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v6i8.273.
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Background: Edible bean sprouts are popular fresh vegetables widely recognized for their nutritional quality. However, while their antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition in both solvent-soluble and solvent-insoluble extracts has not been systematically evaluated. Methods: The antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition in both solvent-soluble and solvent-insoluble fractions of 12 cultivars of edible bean sprouts were evaluated, and relationships of antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content were also analyzed. Results: Sprouts demonstrated a wide range of antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content, with lower but substantial antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content in the solvent-insoluble fractions. Highest levels were found in the green mung bean sprout. Phenolic compounds, such as catechin, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid and p-coumaric acid were widely detected in these sprouts. Additionally, a positive correlation was discovered between antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content in these edible bean sprouts. Conclusions: Germination generally resulted in the accumulation of antioxidant phenolics in the most edible bean sprouts. Edible bean sprouts with high antioxidant phenolics can be valuable natural sources of dietary antioxidants for the prevention of oxidative stress-related chronic diseases. Keywords: Bean sprout, Germination, Antioxidant capacity, Radical scavenging capacity, Phenolic composition, Solvent-insoluble phenolics
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Conner, Robert L., Greg J. Boland, Chris L. Gillard, Yongyan Chen, Xuechan Shan, Debra L. McLaren, Anfu Hou et al. „Identification of anthracnose races in Manitoba and Ontario from 2005 to 2015 and their reactions on Ontario dry bean cultivars“. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 100, Nr. 1 (01.02.2020): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2019-0003.
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Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Briosi & Cavara, is one of the most destructive diseases of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the world. Between 2005 and 2015, commercial fields of dry beans in Manitoba and Ontario were surveyed to determine the frequency of occurrence of races of the anthracnose fungus. Throughout the study, race 73 was most prevalent in Manitoba and Ontario. However, three anthracnose races not previously reported in Canada also were identified. These three new races and four previously identified anthracnose races were used to screen 52 dry bean cultivars, as well as a mung bean and azuki bean cultivar from Ontario, for their seedling reactions to determine their patterns of race resistance. The dry bean cultivars were classified into a total of 19 resistance spectra based on the pattern of seedling reactions to the seven anthracnose races. The most common resistance spectrum was susceptible to the majority of the anthracnose races and no cultivar was resistant to all of the races. Many bean cultivars produced intermediate anthracnose ratings to races 31 and 105 and tests of 16 dry bean cultivars against those races indicated that all cultivars with intermediate ratings to a specific race were segregating in their seedling reactions and none of the cultivars produced plants with only intermediate anthracnose severity ratings. This study provides new information on the anthracnose reactions of common bean cultivars in Canada, which should be useful for the development of new bean cultivars with durable resistance.
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Islam, F. M. A., K. E. Basford, R. J. Redden, C. Jara und S. Beebe. „Patterns of resistance to angular leaf spot, anthracnose and common bacterial blight in common bean germplasm“. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, Nr. 4 (2002): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01035.
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Diseases and insect pests are major causes of low yields of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Latin America and Africa. Anthracnose, angular leaf spot and common bacterial blight are widespread foliar diseases of common bean that also infect pods and seeds. One thousand and eighty-two accessions from a common bean core collection from the primary centres of origin were investigated for reaction to these three diseases. Angular leaf spot and common bacterial blight were evaluated in the field at Santander de Quilichao, Colombia, and anthracnose was evaluated in a screenhouse in Popay�n, Colombia. By using the 15-group level from a hierarchical clustering procedure, it was found that 7 groups were formed with mainly Andean common bean accessions (Andean gene pool), 7 groups with mainly Middle American accessions (Middle American gene pool), while 1�group contained mixed accessions. Consistent with the theory of co-evolution, it was generally observed that accessions from the Andean gene pool were resistant to Middle American pathogen isolates causing anthracnoxe, while the Middle American accessions were resistant to pathogen isolates from the Andes. Different combinations of resistance patterns were found, and breeders can use this information to select a specific group of accessions on the basis of their need.
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Nichols, P. G. H., R. A. C. Jones, T. J. Ridsdill-Smith und M. J. Barbetti. „Genetic improvement of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). 2. Breeding for disease and pest resistance“. Crop and Pasture Science 65, Nr. 11 (2014): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14031.
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Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) is the most widely sown pasture legume in southern Australia and resistance to important diseases and pests has been a major plant-breeding objective. Kabatiella caulivora, the cause of clover scorch, is the most important foliar fungal pathogen, and several cultivars have been developed with resistance to both known races. Screening of advanced breeding lines has been conducted to prevent release of cultivars with high susceptibility to other important fungal foliar disease pathogens, including rust (Uromyces trifolii-repentis), powdery mildew (Oidium sp.), cercospora (Cercospora zebrina) and common leaf spot (Pseudopeziza trifolii). Several oomycete and fungal species cause root rots of subterranean clover, including Phytophthora clandestina, Pythium irregulare, Aphanomyces trifolii, Fusarium avenaceum and Rhizoctonia solani. Most breeding efforts have been devoted to resistance to P. clandestina, but the existence of different races has confounded selection. The most economically important virus diseases in subterranean clover pastures are Subterranean clover mottle virus and Bean yellow mosaic virus, while Subterranean clover stunt virus, Subterranean clover red leaf virus (local synonym for Soybean dwarf virus), Cucumber mosaic virus, Alfalfa mosaic virus, Clover yellow vein virus, Beet western yellows virus and Bean leaf roll virus also cause losses. Genotypic differences for resistance have been found to several of these fungal, oomycete and viral pathogens, highlighting the potential to develop cultivars with improved resistance. The most important pests of subterranean clover are redlegged earth mite (RLEM) (Halotydeus destructor), blue oat mite (Penthaleus major), blue-green aphid (Acyrthosiphon kondoi) and lucerne flea (Sminthurus viridis). New cultivars have been bred with increased RLEM cotyledon resistance, but limited selection has been conducted for resistance to other pests. Screening for disease and pest resistance has largely ceased, but recent molecular biology advances in subterranean clover provide a new platform for development of future cultivars with multiple resistances to important diseases and pests. However, this can only be realised if skills in pasture plant pathology, entomology, pre-breeding and plant breeding are maintained and adequately resourced. In particular, supporting phenotypic disease and pest resistance studies and understanding their significance is critical to enable molecular technology investments achieve practical outcomes and deliver subterranean clover cultivars with sufficient pathogen and pest resistance to ensure productive pastures across southern Australia.
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Ogunsanya, O. M., C. G. Afolabi, M. O. Otusanya und M. A. Adebisi. „Responses of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa [Hochst. Ex A. Rich]) accessions to viral diseases and serological identification of the associated viruses“. Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology 37, Nr. 1 (28.08.2020): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njb.v37i1.9.
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African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) is an orphan crop with lofty nutraceutical benefits grown in Africa. However, pests and diseases often hinder its productivity. Twenty accessions of African yam bean (AYB) were screened for resistance to viral diseases and symptomatic leaves were indexed for the presence of viruses. The Field experiments were conducted during the 2015/2016 cropping seasons (wet and dry seasons). The twenty accessions were grown in triplicates in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) on the field under natural infection and the resistance or susceptibility responses were recorded using visual symptom expression. The characteristic symptoms that were highly prevalent were leaf mosaic and leaf distortion. In both seasons, there were significant (P< 0.05) differences in the severity of these viral symptoms. Also, based on the severity of the symptoms observed in this study, 2 accessions were classified as resistant, 16 as susceptible and 2 accessions as highly susceptible. Two viruses were identified serologically namely Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus (CPMMV) and Blackeye Cowpea Mosaic Virus (BlCMV). The sources of resistance identified in this study would be useful for breeders in developing virus resistant varieties for African yam bean improvement.
Keywords: African yam bean, Virus, Symptoms, ACP-Elisa, Screening.
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Mkindi, Angela G., Yolice L. B. Tembo, Ernest R. Mbega, Amy K. Smith, Iain W. Farrell, Patrick A. Ndakidemi, Philip C. Stevenson und Steven R. Belmain. „Extracts of Common Pesticidal Plants Increase Plant Growth and Yield in Common Bean Plants“. Plants 9, Nr. 2 (23.01.2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9020149.
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Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is an important food and cash crop in many countries. Bean crop yields in sub-Saharan Africa are on average 50% lower than the global average, which is largely due to severe problems with pests and diseases as well as poor soil fertility exacerbated by low-input smallholder production systems. Recent on-farm research in eastern Africa has shown that commonly available plants with pesticidal properties can successfully manage arthropod pests. However, reducing common bean yield gaps still requires further sustainable solutions to other crop provisioning services such as soil fertility and plant nutrition. Smallholder farmers using pesticidal plants have claimed that the application of pesticidal plant extracts boosts plant growth, potentially through working as a foliar fertiliser. Thus, the aims of the research presented here were to determine whether plant growth and yield could be enhanced and which metabolic processes were induced through the application of plant extracts commonly used for pest control in eastern Africa. Extracts from Tephrosia vogelii and Tithonia diversifolia were prepared at a concentration of 10% w/v and applied to potted bean plants in a pest-free screen house as foliar sprays as well as directly to the soil around bean plants to evaluate their contribution to growth, yield and potential changes in primary or secondary metabolites. Outcomes of this study showed that the plant extracts significantly increased chlorophyll content, the number of pods per plant and overall seed yield. Other increases in metabolites were observed, including of rutin, phenylalanine and tryptophan. The plant extracts had a similar effect to a commercially available foliar fertiliser whilst the application as a foliar spray was better than applying the extract to the soil. These results suggest that pesticidal plant extracts can help overcome multiple limitations in crop provisioning services, enhancing plant nutrition in addition to their established uses for crop pest management.
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Medvecky, Beth A., Quirine M. Ketterings und Eric B. Nelson. „Relationships among soilborne bean seedling diseases, Lablab purpureus L. and maize stover residue management, bean insect pests, and soil characteristics in Trans Nzoia district, Kenya“. Applied Soil Ecology 35, Nr. 1 (Januar 2007): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.05.011.
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Dhanyakumar, Onkarappa, Ramasamy Srinivasan, Muthugounder Mohan, Thiruvengadam Venkatesan, Kamanur Murali Mohan, Narayanappa Nagesha und Paola Sotelo-Cardona. „Effect of Pheromone-Mediated Mating Disruption on Pest Population Density of Maruca vitrata (Fabricius) (Crambidae: Lepidoptera)“. Insects 11, Nr. 9 (21.08.2020): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11090558.
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The legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata) is one of the most serious legume pests due to its wide host range and high damage potential. Pheromone components on M. vitrata have been previously identified, allowing research on more environmentally friendly IPM tools for its control. M. vitrata produces a three-component pheromone blend containing (E, E)-10,12-hexadecadienal (major), (E, E)-10,12-hexadecadienol (minor), (E)-10-hexadecenal (minor). This study focused on the efficacy of synthetic pheromone lures and their blend components for mating disruption in M. vitrata. Under laboratory conditions, the mating behavior of M. vitrata pairs was observed from 18:00 to 02:00 h in an interval of 20 min to assess the efficacy of different pheromone lures. The scotophase behavior results show that the complete pheromone blend (E, E)-10,12-hexadecadienal + (E, E)-10,12-hexadecadienol + (E)-10-hexadecenal with a blend ratio of 1:1:1 effectively disrupted mating. The impact on mating disruption was evident from the lower fecundity and egg hatch/eclosion. The same lures were evaluated in a small-scale caged field study. The results show that the pheromone blend of (E, E)-10,12-hexadecadienal + (E, E)-10,12-hexadecadienol + (E)-10-hexadecenal in a1:1:1 ratio significantly disrupted the normal mating, leading to lower flower and pod damage and higher mung bean yield.
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O'Mahony, M., J. Cowden, B. Smyth, D. Lynch, M. Hall, B. Rowe, E. L. Teare et al. „An outbreak of Salmonella saint-paul infection associated with beansprouts“. Epidemiology and Infection 104, Nr. 2 (April 1990): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800059392.
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SUMMARYIn March 1988, there was an outbreak of infection by a strain of Salmonella saint-paul with a distinctive antigenic marker. A total of 143 reports were received between 1 March and 7 June. Preliminary investigations suggested that raw beansprouts were a possible source of infection and a case-control study confirmed the association. S. saint-paul of the epidemic type was isolated from samples of beansprouts on retail sale in different cities in the United Kingdom and from mung bean seeds on the premises of the producer who was most strongly associated with cases. In addition, Salmonella virchow PT34 was isolated from samples of raw beansprouts and was subsequently associated with seven cases of infection. Four other serotypes of salmonella were also isolated from beansprouts. On 8 April the public were advised to boil beansprouts for 15 seconds before consumption, and the premises of the one producer associated with many cases were closed. As a result of these actions there was a significant decrease in the number of infections with S. saint-paul.
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KARTIWA, NUR ANNISA RIZKITA, und ENDAH DJUWENDAH. „FAKTOR PENYEBAB KETIDAKMAMPUAN PETANI MEMENUHI PERMINTAAN BABYBUNCIS UNTUKPT. ALAMANDA SEJATI UTAMA SERTASTRATEGI UNTUK MENGATASINYA (Studi Kasus Kelompok Tani Tauhid, Kabupaten Bandung Barat)“. Jurnal Social Economic of Agriculture 5, Nr. 1 (03.05.2016): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/j.sea.v5i1.15057.
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Baby Kenya bean is a bean types that has a good prospects, it has successfully entered the export market. Poktan Tauhid which is a part of the Farmers Group (Gapoktan) Lembang Agri are the farmers group who grows baby kenya bean. The aim of this research are to know the causative factors of farmer that led to an inability to meet the demand for the baby kenya bean for PT. Alamanda Sejati Utama and determine the accurate strategy which can be implemented in Poktan Tauhid to overcome the problems.The research design is qualitative with descriptive analysis technique with fishbone diagrams and analysis of operation strategies with QSPM. The results of the research indicates that a very problematic technical factors among others are the weather conditions, pest and plant disease. While non-technical factors that is very problematic isthe harvest labor. In addition, technical factors that enter into the troubled category are technology, seeds, water availability andthe wind. The alternative strategy that can be implemented in Poktan Tauhid Backward Integration.The implication of this alternative strategy is enabling Poktan Tauhid to better control the process to reschedule planting schedules for every babykenya bean farmer. Moreover, counseling should be given more frequently, related to technologies and the prevention of pests and diseases naturally.Keyword :Causative factors, alternative strategy, baby kenya bean
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Saber, W. I. A., K. M. Ghanem und M. S. El-Hersh. „Rock Phosphate Solubilization by Two Isolates of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp. and their Promotion to Mung Bean Plants“. Research Journal of Microbiology 4, Nr. 7 (01.07.2009): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jm.2009.235.250.
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Zhumabayeva, Beibutgul Akimalieva, Erika Dimashevna Djangalina und Zaure Gaynetdinovna Aytasheva. „Common bean as perspective source of proteinase inhibitors on the way to transgenic plants resistant to pests and diseases“. Journal of Biotechnology 185 (September 2014): S116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.397.
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Matemu, Athanasia, Soichiro Nakamura und Shigeru Katayama. „Health Benefits of Antioxidative Peptides Derived from Legume Proteins with a High Amino Acid Score“. Antioxidants 10, Nr. 2 (20.02.2021): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020316.
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Legumes such as soybean, chickpea, lentil, cowpea, and mung bean, are valuable sources of protein with a high amino acid score and can provide bioactive peptides. This manuscript presents a review on legume-derived peptides, focusing on in vitro and in vivo studies on the potential antioxidative activities of protein hydrolysates and their characterization, amino acid sequences, or purified/novel peptides. The health implications of legume-derived antioxidative peptides in reducing the risks of cancer and cardiovascular diseases are linked with their potent action against oxidation and inflammation. The molecular weight profiles and amino acid sequences of purified and characterized legume-derived antioxidant peptides are not well established. Therefore, further exploration of legume protein hydrolysates is necessary for assessing the potential applications of antioxidant-derived peptides in the functional food industry.
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Rodríguez De Luque, Jesús José, und Bernardo Creamer. „Major constraints and trends for common bean production and commercialization; establishing priorities for future research“. Agronomía Colombiana 32, Nr. 3 (01.09.2014): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v32n3.46052.
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In order to identify the principal constraints and trends for common bean production and commercialization and the priorities for future common bean research in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), a priority setting process was developed at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT). The results suggested that the principal research included breeding and selecting for several traits, such as drought tolerance and water use efficiency, improved yields, and consumer acceptance (improved cooking time and desired texture after cooking). Additionally, the results of the priority setting process suggested that institutional measures are needed, such as improving formal seed production and distribution channels and the development of national and regional seed policies. On the other hand, the identified principal constraints included diseases, pests, and market constraints. Finally, the identified principal trends were: increase in demand and production, and development of high-yield varieties and improvement in nutritional quality.
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Ochieng, Hannington O., John O. Ojiem, Simon M. Kamwana, Joyce C. Mutai und James W. Nyongesa. „Multiple-bean varieties as a strategy for minimizing production risk and enhancing yield stability in smallholder systems“. Experimental Agriculture 56, Nr. 1 (20.03.2019): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479719000085.
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AbstractCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is perhaps the most important grain legume in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) smallholder systems for food security and household income. Although a wide choice of varieties is available, smallholder farmers in western Kenya realize yields that are low and variable since they operate in risky production environments. Significant seasonal variations exist in rainfall and severity of pests and diseases. This situation is worsened by the low and declining soil fertility, coupled with low capacity of farmers to purchase production inputs such as fertilizers, fungicides and insecticides, and land scarcity. The objective of this study was to investigate whether growing multiple-bean varieties instead of a single variety can enable farmers enhance yield stability over seasons and ensure food security. Five common bean varieties were evaluated in multiple farms for 11 seasons at Kapkerer in Nandi County, western Kenya. Data were collected on grain yield, days to 50% flowering and major diseases. In addition, daily rainfall was recorded throughout the growing seasons. The five varieties were combined in all possible ways to create 31 single- and multiple-bean production strategies. The strategies were evaluated for grain yield performance and yield stability over seasons to determine the risk of not attaining a particular yield target. Results indicated that cropping multiple-bean varieties can be an effective way for reducing production risks in heterogeneous smallholder systems. Yield stability can be greatly enhanced across diverse environments, leading to improved food security, especially for the resource-poor smallholder farmers operating in risk-prone environments. Although the results show that some of the single-bean variety strategies were high yielding, their yield stability was generally lower than those of multiple strategies. Resource-poor risk averse farmers can greatly increase the probability of exceeding their yield targets by cropping multiple-bean varieties with relatively low yields but high grain yield stability. Trading-off high grain yield for yield stability might be an important strategy for minimizing bean production risks.
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Jiraungkoorskul, Wannee. „REVIEW OF NUTRACEUTICAL USES OF AN ANTIOXIDANT SUNFLOWER SPROUT, HELIANTHUS ANNUUS“. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 9, Nr. 6 (01.11.2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i6.12874.
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The concept of “clean food or green food” is very popular in the present lifestyle. The green sprouts have been an increase in consumers’ demands such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa), broccoli (Brassica oleracea), lentil (Lens culinaris), mung bean (Phaseolus aureus), radish (Raphanus sativus), soybean (Glycine max), sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and other seed sprouts that are usually eaten fresh or cooked for beverages, soups, appetizers, or main courses. Not only are the delicious menus, the sprouts also considered to provide health benefits. H. annuus is a folk remedy for chronic diseases like bronchiectasis, cough, diarrhea, hypertension, infection, and rheumatism. Its phytochemical substances are alkaloids, carotenoids, flavonoid, minerals, oils, phenols, tannins, terpene compounds, and vitamins, which all of these contribute to its remedial properties. This review is an attempt to compile information on nutraceutical uses of sunflower sprout, H. annuus in the antioxidant property.
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Bechtaoui, Noura, Abdelkhalek El Alaoui, Anas Raklami, Loubna Benidire, Abdel-ilah Tahiri und Khalid Oufdou. „Impact of intercropping and co-inoculation with strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations and yield of durum wheat (Triticum durum) and faba bean (Vicia faba)“. Crop and Pasture Science 70, Nr. 8 (2019): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp19067.
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Intercropping is a farming practice that fights pests and diseases and improves plant growth. The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains to boost the yield of intercrops constitutes a promising tool in agricultural practice. This study investigated the impact of single inoculation and co-inoculation with PGPR on plant biomass and phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) concentrations under different cropping systems. Two PGPR strains with different traits were selected: PGP13 (Rahnella aquatilis) and PS11 (Pseudomonas sp.). A greenhouse experiment was designed using durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.), sole cropped or intercropped, including four inoculation treatments: (i) uninoculated, (ii) inoculated with PS11 (iii) inoculated with PGP13, and (iv) co-inoculated with PS11 + PGP13. Co-inoculation under the intercropping system improved plant dry matter and enhanced bean pod and wheat spike weights to 685.83% and 385.83%, respectively, of the values for uninoculated, intercropped plants. Higher P and N concentrations were detected in intercropped, co-inoculated plants and in bean pods and wheat spikes. The results were then submitted to principal component analysis, showing that treatments with higher biomass and nutrient concentrations were strongly correlated with intercropped, co-inoculated plants.
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Titova, A. E. „Complex selection of the best collection of chick-peaby method of multi-criterian optimization anh Harrington's reliable function“. Bulletin of Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V.V. Dokychaiev. The series “Crop production, selection and seed production, fruit and vegetable growing” 2019, Nr. 1 (25.06.2019): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35550/visnykagro2019.01.081.
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A comprehensive selection of the best collection sample of chickpeas by the method of multicriteria optimization and by the Harrington desirability function in seven varieties of chickpeas - Cicer arietinum L., C. Reticulatum Labizinsky., C. Judaicum Boiss., C. Bijugum K.N. Rech., C. Pinnatifidum Jaub., C. chorassinicum (Bge) M. Pop., C. yamashitae Kitam by the comparative evaluation of the alternatives by a set of the indicators of resistance to diseases and pests, the number of beans per plant, the number of grains in the bean, the number of grains per plant, the mass of grains per plant, the weight of 1000 grains, plant height, height of the lower bean, protein and oil content has been made. A set of evaluation criteria has been defined. The analysis of similar criteria at application of a method of multicriteria optimization (geometrical check of criteria) has been used. The importance of selections on a number of the indicators of productivity and adaptability to the environmental conditions for successful selection work in order to improve the economically valuable signs of chickpeas has been analyzed. Key words: complex selection, multicriteria optimization method, Harrington desirability function, plant height, lower bean attachment height, number of beans, number of grains per plant, weight of grain per plant, number of grains in a bean, weight of 1000 grains.
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Šerá, Božena, Vladimír Scholtz, Jana Jirešová, Josef Khun, Jaroslav Julák und Michal Šerý. „Effects of Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Leguminous Plants—A Review“. Plants 10, Nr. 8 (06.08.2021): 1616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081616.
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The legumes (Fabaceae family) are the second most important agricultural crop, both in terms of harvested area and total production. They are an important source of vegetable proteins and oils for human consumption. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) treatment is a new and effective method in surface microbial inactivation and seed stimulation useable in the agricultural and food industries. This review summarizes current information about characteristics of legume seeds and adult plants after NTP treatment in relation to the seed germination and seedling initial growth, surface microbial decontamination, seed wettability and metabolic activity in different plant growth stages. The information about 19 plant species in relation to the NTP treatment is summarized. Some important plant species as soybean (Glycine max), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), mung bean (Vigna radiata), black gram (V. mungo), pea (Pisum sativum), lentil (Lens culinaris), peanut (Arachis hypogaea), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and chickpea (Cicer aruetinum) are discussed. Likevise, some less common plant species i.g. blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius), Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), and mimosa (Mimosa pudica, M. caesalpiniafolia) are mentioned too. Possible promising trends in the use of plasma as a seed pre-packaging technique, a reduction in phytotoxic diseases transmitted by seeds and the effect on reducing dormancy of hard seeds are also pointed out.
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Dadang, Dadang, und U. Undayasari. „Penghambatan aktivitas peneluran kumbang kacang hijau Callosobruchus Chinensis L. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) oleh extrak sepuluh spesies tumbuhan“. Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 2, Nr. 2 (23.02.2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5994/jei.2.2.13.
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Oviposition Deterrence of Bean Weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis L.(Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Treated with Ten Plant Extracts. Pest and Diseases attack agricultural products not only in the field but also in storehouse. Their attack causes decreasing both quantity and quality of stored materials. One of important stored product insect pests is Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Till now the effective strategy to control this insect pest is chemical control by using synthetic insecticides. The improper use synthetic insecticides causes some undesirable effects, so alternative strategist should be searched to controls insect pests in storehouse. One of the alternatives is by using plant materials as insect pests control agent. The aim of this study was to find out the oviposition deterrence of C. chinensis treated with ten plant which were extracted with methanol, hexane and ether. Oviposition deterrence was evaluated by choice and no-choice methods at 1,3 and 5% of extract concentration. Extract of Acorus calamus (methanol), A.calamus (hexane), A. calamus (ether), Illicium verum (ether), Pogostemon calbin (hexane), P. cablin (ether), Vetiveria zizanioides (hexane), and V. zizanioides (ether) were able to deter ovipostion activity of C. chinensis by more than 90% of deterrence. Further study should be conducted to isolate and identify the active compound and to make botanical insecticide formulation for practical use as a commercial product.
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Rosas, Juan C., Aracely Castro und Edwin Flores. „Mejoramiento genético del frijol rojo y negro mesoamericano para Centroamérica y El Caribe.“ Agronomía Mesoamericana 11, Nr. 2 (01.07.2006): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v11i2.17305.
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Bean production in Central America is mainly a small farm operation on hillside, marginal areas, limited by several biotic and abiotic constraints. More than 350,000 t of beans are produced in nearly 0.5 millions of hectáreas, with a rather low yield average of 678 kg/ha. The majority of bean producers utilize low inputs and few farms are mechanized. Autoconsumption is rather high; however, a great portion of the beans is sold by intermediaries. In Honduras, beans are the 7th most important crop in economic value, and has the highest economic return among corn, rice and sorghum. The major market classes in Central America are small red and black (race Mesoamerican) beans. Improvement of these bean types is focused in developing resistance to diseases (common mosaic, golden mosaic, anthracnose, angular leaf spot, rust, web blight, and common bacterial blight) and pests (mainly pod weevil); and tolerance to low fertility, drought and heat. Appropriate hybridization and selection programs are utilized for developing multiple resistant, high yielding, well adapted and commercially accepted cultivars. A broad genetic base is accomplished by using Andean and Mesoamerican sources of germplasm in the hybridization stage. Simultaneous selection for various traits and multilocation testing of advanced lines are practiced. Yield and adaptation nurseries and trials of improved lines are distributed to Central America, Mexico, Panama and Caribbean countries. Testing of advanced lines and on-farm validation and varietal release, are carried out by National Bean Programs and institutions, members of the PROFRIJOL regional program, in collaboration with Zamorano, CIAT and the Bean/Cowpea CRSP.
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Sukmawati, Sukmawati, Nurul Kusuma Dewi und Melda Yunita. „The measurement of indole acetic acid from rhizosphere bacteria“. JPBIO (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi) 6, Nr. 1 (29.04.2021): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31932/jpbio.v6i1.872.
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In Indonesia, synthetic chemical fertilizers are generally used to spur plant growth. The use of synthetic chemical fertilizers is known to reduce soil quality, causing resistance to pests and plant diseases. One of the natural potencies that can be used as growth promoters is Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) producing bacteria. The objective of this study was to measure the levels of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) from the rhizosphere bacterial isolate of green beans which is thought to be able to produce Indole Acetic Acid (IAA). The method used was a descriptive approach, including the isolation of green bean rhizosphere bacteria, measurement of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) levels in bacterial isolate, and data analysis. Green bean rhizosphere bacterial isolate produced Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) with an indication of a color change after the addition of the Salkowski reagent, and quantitatively the results of calculations in the standard curve equation for Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) obtained a value of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) levels was 50.91 ppm.Keywords: Indole acetic acid, rhizosphere, bacteria
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Constantin, Maria E., Francisco J. de Lamo, Martijn Rep und Frank L. W. Takken. „From laboratory to field: applying the Fo47 biocontrol strain in potato fields“. European Journal of Plant Pathology 158, Nr. 3 (25.08.2020): 645–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-02106-6.
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Abstract Endophytic microbes conferring biocontrol are an eco-friendly alternative to control diseases in crops. Unfortunately, the use of endophytes to control diseases is not yet widespread as their application in agricultural settings is challenging and the outcome variable. Translating strains that perform well under laboratory conditions to the field poses several challenges. One is large scale inoculum production in a cost-effective manner. Here, we developed a framework to scale up inoculum production of Fusarium oxysporum 47 (Fo47), assess inoculum viability and its performance in the field and effects on potato yield and performance. The Fo47 endophyte is a well-described biocontrol agent, isolated from disease suppressive soils in the 1980’s. Using mung bean medium, we could routinely produce ≈7 × 108 spores/mL. Using 60 mL of 107 spores/mL per tuber we could re-isolate the fungus 79 days after application from 60 to 70% of the inoculated plants in a large-scale potato field trial (Clenze, Germany). Furthermore, this protocol can be used to assess Fo47 biocontrol potential under field conditions. The presence of the fungus did not negatively affect plant yield or starch production and did not increase susceptibility to endemic pathogens.
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Pertiwi, Sarah Kristi, Khairul Rizal und Yudi Triyanto. „Pengaruh Pupuk Organik Cair Urin Kambing dan Pestisida Alami terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kacang Panjang Beda Varietas di Desa Gunung Selamat“. Indonesian Journal of Community Services 3, Nr. 1 (31.05.2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/ijocs.3.1.19-30.
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Kacang Panjang (Vigna sinensis L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman sayuran sebagai sumber vitamin dan mineral. Kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis L.) juga merupakan jenis kacang-kacangan yang banyak diusahakan di Indonesia. Desa Gunung Selamat merupakan salah satu desa dengan penghasilan tanaman palawija yang beragam salah satunya kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis L.). Namun, pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan karena banyak permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh petani sehingga menyebabkan pertumbuhan kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis L.)� menurun. Turunnya produksi ini antara lain disebabkan oleh iklim, tanah, pupuk, hama dan penyakit. Maka dari itu pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman serta mengurangi penggunaan pupuk sintetik yang dapat merusak ekosistem tanah, maka dari itu diberi perlakuan penyiraman pupuk organik cair pada tanah serta penyemprotan pestisida nabati dari daun pepaya untuk mencegah hama dan penyakit yang menyerang tanaman kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis L.). Perlakuan ini dibuat untuk melihat hasil respon tingkat pertumbuhan pada tanaman kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis L.).Long beans (Vigna sinensis L.) are a vegetable plant as a source of vitamins and minerals. Long beans (Vigna sinensis L.) are also a type of legume that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. Gunung Selamat Village is one of the villages with a variety of agricultural crops, one of which is long beans (Vigna sinensis L.). However, this community service was carried out because of the many problems faced by farmers, which caused the growth of long beans (Vigna sinensis L.) to decline. The decline in production was caused, among others, by climate, soil, fertilizers, pests and diseases. Therefore, this community service is carried out to increase plant growth and reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers that can damage the soil ecosystem, therefore it is given the treatment of sprinkling liquid organic fertilizers on the soil and spraying vegetable pesticides from pepaya leaves to prevent pests and diseases that attack long bean plants (Vigna sinensis L.). This treatment was designed to see the results of the growth rate response in long bean plants (Vigna sinensis L.).
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Susilowati, Lolita Endang, Uyek Malik Yakop, Lestari Ujianto und Bambang Hari Kusumo. „The Nutrient Uptake Efficiency, Crop Productivity and Quality of Rice Bean in Dry Land“. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 20, Nr. 1 (29.01.2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2015.v20i1.1-9.
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Rice bean is a group of beans that are rich in carbohydrates, proteins and fats. This plant is resistant to pests and diseases, as well as the broad adaptability. This study aims to obtain an efficient fertilization pattern on rice bean cultivation in dry land. The treatments consisted of 9 fertilization patterns which were RP0: no fertilizer (control); RP1: 100% recommendation fertilizer (50 kg Urea and 100 kg SP-36 ha-1); RP2: 5 Mg ha-1 manure plus 50% recommendation fertilizer; RP3: RP2 plus MVA; RP4: 5 Mg ha-1 Crotalaria sp compost plus 50% recommendation fertilizer; RP5: RP4 plus VAM; RP6: 2.5 t ha-1 manure, 2.5 Mg ha-1 Crotalaria sp compost plus 50% recommendation fertilizer; RP7: 1.5 Mg ha-1 manure, 1 Mg ha-1 Crotalaria sp compost plus 50% recommendation fertilizer; RP8: RP7 plus MVA. Fertilization treatments were arranged in RCBD and each treatment was repeated 3 times. The fertilization treatments had no significant effect on NUE. Productivity of rice bean in RP3 and RP5 reached 3.75 Mg ha-1, in RP2 and RP4 achieved 2.64 Mg ha-1, and in the control treatment reached 1.94 Mg ha-1. Carbohydrate content in seeds increased by 20% in the fertilization treatments compared to the control. Protein and anthocyanin content in all treatments were not significantly different. The combination of 5 Mg organic fertilizer (manure and / or Crotalaria compost), 50% recommendation fertilizer plus MVA was an efficient fertilization pattern to improve P fertilizer uptake efficiency (PUE), productivity and quality of rice bean crop in dry land. [How to Cite: Lolita ES, UM Yakop, L Ujianto, and B Hari Kusumo. 2015. The Nutrient Uptake Efficiency, Crop Productivity and Quality of Rice Bean in Dry Land. J Trop Soils 19: 1-9. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2015.20.1.1][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2015.20.1.1]
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Lopes-Sobrinho, O. P., M. G. Carvalho, C. V. Silva-Santana, S. M. P. Oliveira, G. S. Silva, J. C. Medeiros, Á. I. S. Pereira, G. G. Tavares, J. A. B. Soares und L. F. Gomes. „Phenology associated with degree days for bean - cowpea cultivar BR-17 Gurguéia: A literature review“. Scientific Electronic Archives 12, Nr. 6 (02.12.2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/1262019912.
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Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a culture that plays an important role in agricultural production of Brazilian states. While the culture is well researched, when referring to stages of development are little studies about. Therefore, the identification of phenological stages of crops is very important to facilitate the adoption of best management strategies to better yields and profitability. The objective of this review describe the phenological stages of cowpea cv. BR 17 - Gurguéia relating the number of degree-days (GDD) for each stage of development, indicating pests and diseases that can affect the crop. The phenology of plants has the remarkable characteristic the fact that the GDD is independent of the time and the planting site. Research has shown a greater adaptation of the cycle of some crops to GDD than the number of calendar days, and can estimate more easily cycle time, as well as establish the planting season due to the most appropriate time to harvest. The cultivar BR-17 Gurguéia has at least nine vegetative and reproductive stages having the lowest cumulative thermal demand stage V1 and reproductive stages require a greater number of degree-days compared to vegetative.
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Waly, F., E. Rashwan, Gehad Abel-Whab, I. Khafagy und Hanim Arafa. „Evaluation of some Faba Bean Cultivars Yield under Chemical Control to Common Insect Pests and Fungal Diseases under El-Beheira Governorate Environmental Conditions“. Journal of Plant Production 10, Nr. 2 (07.02.2019): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jpp.2019.36240.
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Mukoye, Benard, Collins Mangeni, Jones Sue, Anthony Mabele und Hassan Were. „Next generation sequencing as a tool in modern pest risk analysis: a case study of groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea) as a potential host of new viruses in western Kenya“. African Phytosanitary Journal 2, Nr. 1 (01.11.2020): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.52855/qgpx3332.
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Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea, L.) is grown in diverse environments throughout the semi-arid and sub-tropical regions of the world. Poor yields of 500-800kg/ha are attributed to poor agronomic practices, pests and diseases. The major disease reported in Kenya is Groundnut rosette disease (GRD). But recent observations in the field showed that the crop has varied and severe symptoms in addition to those caused by GRD. This required deeper analysis to establish the causal agents. Groundnut samples with virus-like symptoms were collected from western Kenya in 2016. Total RNA was extracted using All Prep RNA Mini Kit. Five mRNA libraries were prepared using the Illumina TrueSeq stranded mRNA library Prep Kit and pooled for multiplexed sequencing using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 to generate paired end reads (FastQ Sanger). The reads were analysed in the Galaxy project platform (customized). Quality reads were first mapped onto plant genome Refseq and unmapped reads isolated and mapped onto virus Refseq using Bowtie 2 (v2.2.3). Groundnut rosette virus satellite RNA, Groundnut rosette virus, Groundnut rosette assistor virus, Ethiopian tobacco bushy top virus, Cowpea polerovirus 2, Chickpea chlorotic stunt virus, Melon aphid-borne yellow virus, Phasey bean mild yellow virus, Beet mild yellowing virus, White clover mottle virus and Cotton leafroll dwarf virus were identified in four libraries. Other viruses (with less than 100 reads) including Bean common mosaic virus, Bean common mosaic necrosis virus, Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus RNA 3, Broad bean mottle virus RNA 3, Passion fruit woodiness virus among others were also mapped. Some of the viruses common in western Kenya were confirmed by PCR. The presence of at least three viruses in groundnuts in Western Kenya highlights the importance of starting a germplasm clean-up program of the plant material used as seed in this crop. Key words: Groundnuts, NGS, RefSeq, Viruses.
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Sovinska, R., L. Mishchenko und A. Dunich. „Viruses infecting gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus) and their harmful effect on agricultural crops“. Karantin i zahist roslin, Nr. 10-12 (14.12.2020): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2020.10-12.12-18.
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Goal. Analyze the data of foreign and domestic literature on viruses that infect gladioli, risks for domestic agriculture, present the results of the study of viral diseases on gladioli in Ukraine.
Methods. Review of information in foreign and domestic literature on viruses that infect gladioli. Visual diagnostics, transmission electron microscopy, double sandwich enzyme immunoassay (DAS-ELISA).
Results. Gladioli infect viruses: cucumber mosaic virus, bean yellow mosaic virus, tobacco rattle virus, tobacco ringspot virus, which belongs to regulated pests in Ukraine. These pathogens are common on all continents where plants are grown, have a wide range of host plants and pose a potential threat to crops. In the case of a systemic reaction of a plant to a viral infection, the symptoms lead to a loss of aesthetic value by the plant, economic losses in the floriculture industry, degeneration of varieties in the collections of botanical gardens and private farms, problems in further selective selection for creating new varieties. Possible means of protection and prevention of the spread of viruses to other types of cultivated plants are considered.
Conclusions. Gladiolus plants can infect 9 types of viruses, among which the most common and harmful are cucumber mosaic, yellow bean mosaic and tobacco pogrimovka viruses. A yellow bean mosaic virus and a cucumber mosaic virus have been identified in Ukraine. It is especially dangerous that these viral infections can be asymptomatic and gladioli become reservoirs for the preservation and transmission of viruses to other plant crops sensitive to pathogens.
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Massawe, Prosper I., Kelvin M. Mtei, Linus K. Munishi und Patrick A. Ndakidemi. „Improving Soil Fertility and Crops Yield through Maize-Legumes (Common bean and Dolichos lablab) Intercropping Systems“. Journal of Agricultural Science 8, Nr. 12 (06.11.2016): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n12p148.
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Declining crops yield in the smallholder farmers cropping systems of sub-Saharan African (SSA) present the need to develop more sustainable production systems. Depletion of essential plant nutrients from the soils have been cited as the main contributing factors due to continues cultivation of cereal crops without application of organic/ inorganic fertilizers. Of all the plant nutrients, reports showed that nitrogen is among the most limiting plant nutrient as it plays crucial roles in the plant growth and physiological processes. The most efficient way of adding nitrogen to the soils is through inorganic amendments. However, this is an expensive method and creates bottleneck to smallholder farmers in most countries of sub-Saharan Africa. Legumes are potential sources of plant nutrients that complement/supplement inorganic fertilizers for cereal crops because of their ability to fix biological nitrogen (N) when included to the cropping systems. By fixing atmospheric N2, legumes offer the most effective way of increasing the productivity of poor soils either in monoculture, intercropping, crop rotations, or mixed cropping systems. This review paper discuses the role of cereal legume intercropping systems on soil fertility improvement, its impact on weeds, pests, diseases and water use efficiency, the biological nitrogen fixation, the amounts of N transferred to associated cereal crops, nutrients uptake and partition, legume biomass decomposition and mineralization, grain yields, land equivalent ratio and economic benefits.