Zeitschriftenartikel: „Multivalent-Ion“

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Iton, Zachery W. B., und Kimberly A. See. „Multivalent Ion Conduction in Inorganic Solids“. Chemistry of Materials 34, Nr. 3 (27.01.2022): 881–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c04178.

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Proffit, Danielle L., Albert L. Lipson, Baofei Pan, Sang-Don Han, Timothy T. Fister, Zhenxing Feng, Brian J. Ingram, Anthony K. Burrell und John T. Vaughey. „Reducing Side Reactions Using PF6-based Electrolytes in Multivalent Hybrid Cells“. MRS Proceedings 1773 (2015): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2015.590.

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ABSTRACTThe need for higher energy density batteries has spawned recent renewed interest in alternatives to lithium ion batteries, including multivalent chemistries that theoretically can provide twice the volumetric capacity if two electrons can be transferred per intercalating ion. Initial investigations of these chemistries have been limited to date by the lack of understanding of the compatibility between intercalation electrode materials, electrolytes, and current collectors. This work describes the utilization of hybrid cells to evaluate multivalent cathodes, consisting of high surface area carbon anodes and multivalent nonaqueous electrolytes that are compatible with oxide intercalation electrodes. In particular, electrolyte and current collector compatibility was investigated, and it was found that the carbon and active material play an important role in determining the compatibility of PF6-based multivalent electrolytes with carbon-based current collectors. Through the exploration of electrolytes that are compatible with the cathode, new cell chemistries and configurations can be developed, including a magnesium-ion battery with two intercalation host electrodes, which may expand the known Mg-based systems beyond the present state of the art sulfide-based cathodes with organohalide-magnesium based electrolytes.

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Rutt, Ann, und Kristin A. Persson. „Expanding the Materials Search Space for Multivalent Cathodes“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, Nr. 4 (09.10.2022): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024446mtgabs.

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Multivalent batteries are an energy storage technology with the potential to surpass lithium-ion batteries, however their performance has been limited by the low voltages and poor solid-state ionic mobility of available cathodes. A computational screening approach to identify high-performance multivalent intercalation cathodes among materials that do not contain the working ion of interest has been developed which greatly expands the search space that can be considered for materials discovery. This approach has been applied to magnesium cathodes as a proof of concept and resulting candidate materials are discussed in further detail. In examining the ion migration environment and associated Mg2+ migration energy in these materials, local energy maxima are found to correspond with pathway positions where Mg2+ passes through a plane of anion atoms. While previous works have established the influence of local coordination on multivalent ion mobility, these results suggest that considering both the type of local bonding environment as well as available free volume for the mobile ion along its migration pathway can be significant for improving solid-state mobility.

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Dong, Liubing, Wang Yang, Wu Yang, Yang Li, Wenjian Wu und Guoxiu Wang. „Multivalent metal ion hybrid capacitors: a review with a focus on zinc-ion hybrid capacitors“. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, Nr. 23 (2019): 13810–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta02678a.

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5

Hasnat, Abul, und Vinay A. Juvekar. „Dynamics of ion-exchange involving multivalent cations“. Chemical Engineering Science 52, Nr. 14 (Juli 1997): 2439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2509(97)00047-x.

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6

KC, Bilash, Jinglong Guo, Robert Klie, D. Bruce Buchholz, Guennadi Evmenenko, Jae Jin Kim, Timothy Fister und Brian Ingram. „TEM Analysis of Multivalent Ion Battery Cathode“. Microscopy and Microanalysis 26, S2 (30.07.2020): 3170–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927620024058.

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7

Imanaka, Nobuhito, und Shinji Tamura. „Development of Multivalent Ion Conducting Solid Electrolytes“. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 84, Nr. 4 (15.04.2011): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.20100178.

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8

Schauser, Nicole S., Ram Seshadri und Rachel A. Segalman. „Multivalent ion conduction in solid polymer systems“. Molecular Systems Design & Engineering 4, Nr. 2 (2019): 263–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8me00096d.

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9

Li, Zhong-Qiu, Yang Wang, Zeng-Qiang Wu, Ming-Yang Wu und Xing-Hua Xia. „Bioinspired Multivalent Ion Responsive Nanopore with Ultrahigh Ion Current Rectification“. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 123, Nr. 22 (13.05.2019): 13687–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b02279.

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10

Gates, Leslie, und Niya Sa. „Investigation of Suitability of Electrolytes in a Trivalent System“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, Nr. 1 (28.08.2023): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-011425mtgabs.

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As lithium-ion batteries (LIB) start to approach their theoretical limit, researchers are focusing on alternatives such as nonaqueous multivalent systems. There are many advantages of multivalent systems such as higher natural abundance, low cost and possible high volumetric capacity. Suitable electrolytes are vital for the development of such multivalent battery systems which offer compatibility of utilizing metal anode. To create a better understanding of the opportunities and challenges of the trivalent electrolytes in aluminum batteries, this work investigates the reaction mechanisms and SEI interactions at the electrolyte/electrode interface.

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Kim, Chaewon, Useul Hwang, Sangjin Lee und Young-Kyu Han. „First-Principles Dynamics Investigation of Germanium as an Anode Material in Multivalent-Ion Batteries“. Nanomaterials 13, Nr. 21 (30.10.2023): 2868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13212868.

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Germanium, a promising electrode material for high-capacity lithium ion batteries (LIBs) anodes, attracted much attention because of its large capacity and remarkably fast charge/discharge kinetics. Multivalent-ion batteries are of interest as potential alternatives to LIBs because they have a higher energy density and are less prone to safety hazards. In this study, we probed the potential of amorphous Ge anodes for use in multivalent-ion batteries. Although alloying Al and Zn in Ge anodes is thermodynamically unstable, Mg and Ca alloys with Ge form stable compounds, Mg2.3Ge and Ca2.4Ge that exhibit higher capacities than those obtained by alloying Li, Na, or K with Ge, corresponding to 1697 and 1771 mA·h·g–1, respectively. Despite having a slightly lower capacity than Ca–Ge, Mg–Ge shows an approximately 150% smaller volume expansion ratio (231% vs. 389%) and three orders of magnitude higher ion diffusivity (3.0 × 10−8 vs. 1.1 × 10−11 cm2 s−1) than Ca–Ge. Furthermore, ion diffusion in Mg–Ge occurs at a rate comparable to that of monovalent ions, such as Li+, Na+, and K+. The outstanding performance of the Mg–Ge system may originate from the coordination number of the Ge host atoms and the smaller atomic size of Mg. Therefore, Ge anodes could be applied in multivalent-ion batteries using Mg2+ as the carrier ion because its properties can compete with or surpass monovalent ions. Here, we report that the maximum capacity, volume expansion ratio, and ion diffusivities of the alloying electrode materials can be understood using atomic-scale structural properties, such as the host–host and host–ion coordination numbers, as valuable indicators.

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Islam, Shakirul M., Ryan J. Malone, Wenlong Yang, Stephen P. George, Rajendra P. Gautam, Wesley A. Chalifoux und Christopher J. Barile. „Nanographene Cathode Materials for Nonaqueous Zn-Ion Batteries“. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, Nr. 11 (01.11.2022): 110517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac9f72.

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Robust multivalent ion interaction in electrodes is a grand challenge of next-generation battery research. In this manuscript, we design molecularly-precise nanographene cathodes that are coupled with metallic Zn anodes to create a new class of Zn-ion batteries. Our results indicate that while electrodes with graphite or flat nanographenes do not support Zn-ion intercalation, the larger intermolecular spacing in a twisted peropyrene enables peropyrene electrodes to facilitate reversible Zn-ion intercalation in an acetonitrile electrolyte. While most previous Zn-ion batteries utilize aqueous electrolytes, the finding that nonaqueous Zn electrolytes can support intercalation in nanographenes is important for expanding the design space of nonaqueous multivalent batteries, which often possess higher voltages than their aqueous counterparts. Furthermore, because these nanographenes can be synthesized using a bottom-up approach via alkyne benzannulation, this work paves the way for future battery electrodes that contain other molecularly-precise nanographenes with tailored electrochemical properties.

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Wang, Bangda, Natsume Koike, Kenta Iyoki, Watcharop Chaikittisilp, Yi Wang, Toru Wakihara und Tatsuya Okubo. „Insights into the ion-exchange properties of Zn(ii)-incorporated MOR zeolites for the capture of multivalent cations“. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, Nr. 7 (2019): 4015–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp06975a.

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14

Liu, Yiyang, Guanjie He, Hao Jiang, Ivan P. Parkin, Paul R. Shearing und Dan J. L. Brett. „Multivalent Ion Batteries: Cathode Design for Aqueous Rechargeable Multivalent Ion Batteries: Challenges and Opportunities (Adv. Funct. Mater. 13/2021)“. Advanced Functional Materials 31, Nr. 13 (März 2021): 2170089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202170089.

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15

Besha, Abreham Tesfaye, Misgina Tilahun Tsehaye, David Aili, Wenjuan Zhang und Ramato Ashu Tufa. „Design of Monovalent Ion Selective Membranes for Reducing the Impacts of Multivalent Ions in Reverse Electrodialysis“. Membranes 10, Nr. 1 (31.12.2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10010007.

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Reverse electrodialysis (RED) represents one of the most promising membrane-based technologies for clean and renewable energy production from mixing water solutions. However, the presence of multivalent ions in natural water drastically reduces system performance, in particular, the open-circuit voltage (OCV) and the output power. This effect is largely described by the “uphill transport” phenomenon, in which multivalent ions are transported against the concentration gradient. In this work, recent advances in the investigation of the impact of multivalent ions on power generation by RED are systematically reviewed along with possible strategies to overcome this challenge. In particular, the use of monovalent ion-selective membranes represents a promising alternative to reduce the negative impact of multivalent ions given the availability of low-cost materials and an easy route of membrane synthesis. A thorough assessment of the materials and methodologies used to prepare monovalent selective ion exchange membranes (both cation and anion exchange membranes) for applications in (reverse) electrodialysis is performed. Moreover, transport mechanisms under conditions of extreme salinity gradient are analyzed and compared for a better understanding of the design criteria. The ultimate goal of the present work is to propose a prospective research direction on the development of new membrane materials for effective implementation of RED under natural feed conditions.

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Jing, Benxin, Jie Qiu und Yingxi Zhu. „Organic–inorganic macroion coacervate complexation“. Soft Matter 13, Nr. 28 (2017): 4881–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm00955k.

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17

Ma, Xinpei, Junye Cheng, Liubing Dong, Wenbao Liu, Jian Mou, Ling Zhao, Jinjie Wang et al. „Multivalent ion storage towards high-performance aqueous zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors“. Energy Storage Materials 20 (Juli 2019): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2018.10.020.

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18

Li, Matthew, Jun Lu, Xiulei Ji, Yanguang Li, Yuyan Shao, Zhongwei Chen, Cheng Zhong und Khalil Amine. „Design strategies for nonaqueous multivalent-ion and monovalent-ion battery anodes“. Nature Reviews Materials 5, Nr. 4 (10.02.2020): 276–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41578-019-0166-4.

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19

Naughton, Elise M., Mingqiang Zhang, Diego Troya, Karen J. Brewer und Robert B. Moore. „Size dependent ion-exchange of large mixed-metal complexes into Nafion® membranes“. Polymer Chemistry 6, Nr. 38 (2015): 6870–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py00714c.

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20

Kim, Kwangnam, und Donald J. Siegel. „Multivalent Ion Transport in Anti-Perovskite Solid Electrolytes“. Chemistry of Materials 33, Nr. 6 (08.03.2021): 2187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c00096.

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21

Liu, Chaofeng. „Aqueous Multivalent Ion Batteries Built on Hydrated Vanadates“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2020-01, Nr. 2 (01.05.2020): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2020-012226mtgabs.

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22

Park, Min Je, Hooman Yaghoobnejad Asl und Arumugam Manthiram. „Multivalent-Ion versus Proton Insertion into Battery Electrodes“. ACS Energy Letters 5, Nr. 7 (26.06.2020): 2367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01021.

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23

Quinn, J. F., und F. Caruso. „Multivalent-Ion-Mediated Stabilization of Hydrogen-Bonded Multilayers“. Advanced Functional Materials 16, Nr. 9 (06.06.2006): 1179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200500530.

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24

Wang, Chunlei, Zibing Pan, Huaqi Chen, Xiangjun Pu und Zhongxue Chen. „MXene-Based Materials for Multivalent Metal-Ion Batteries“. Batteries 9, Nr. 3 (17.03.2023): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9030174.

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Multivalent metal ion (Mg2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, and Al3+) batteries (MMIBs) emerged as promising technologies for large-scale energy storage systems in recent years due to the abundant metal reserves in the Earth’s crust and potentially low cost. However, the lack of high-performance electrode materials is still the main obstacle to the development of MMIBs. As a newly large family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, MXenes have attracted growing focus in the energy storage field because of their large specific surface area, excellent conductivity, tunable interlayer spaces, and compositional diversity. In particular, the multifunctional chemistry and superior hydrophilicity enable MXenes to serve not only as electrode materials but also as important functional components for heterojunction composite electrodes. Herein, the advances of MXene-based materials since its discovery for MMIBs are summarized, with an emphasis on the rational design and controllable synthesis of MXenes. More importantly, the fundamental understanding of the relationship between the morphology, structure, and function of MXenes is highlighted. Finally, the existing challenges and future research directions on MXene-based materials toward MMIBs application are critically discussed and prospected.

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Dai, Fangfang, Risheng Yu, Ruobing Yi, Jian Lan, Rujie Yang, Zhikun Wang, Junlang Chen und Liang Chen. „Ultrahigh water permeance of a reduced graphene oxide nanofiltration membrane for multivalent metal ion rejection“. Chemical Communications 56, Nr. 95 (2020): 15068–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc06302a.

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26

Srivastava, Sunita, Anuj Chhabra und Oleg Gang. „Effect of mono- and multi-valent ionic environments on the in-lattice nanoparticle-grafted single-stranded DNA“. Soft Matter 18, Nr. 3 (2022): 526–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sm01171e.

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27

Park, Haesun, und Peter Zapol. „Thermodynamic and kinetic properties of layered-CaCo2O4 for the Ca-ion batteries: a systematic first-principles study“. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, Nr. 41 (2020): 21700–21710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta07573f.

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28

Dai, Fangfang, Feng Zhou, Junlang Chen, Shanshan Liang, Liang Chen und Haiping Fang. „Ultrahigh water permeation with a high multivalent metal ion rejection rate through graphene oxide membranes“. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, Nr. 17 (2021): 10672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta00647a.

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29

Yao, Long, Shunlong Ju und Xuebin Yu. „Rational surface engineering of MXene@N-doped hollow carbon dual-confined cobalt sulfides/selenides for advanced aluminum batteries“. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, Nr. 31 (2021): 16878–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta03465k.

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Rechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs) based on multivalent ion transfer have attracted great attention due to their large specific capacities, natural abundance, and high safety of metallic Al anodes.

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Zhang, Jiaxu, Xiang Wang, Jing Lv, Dong-Sheng Li und Tao Wu. „A multivalent mixed-metal strategy for single-Cu+-ion-bridged cluster-based chalcogenide open frameworks for sensitive nonenzymatic detection of glucose“. Chemical Communications 55, Nr. 45 (2019): 6357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc02905b.

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31

Chen, Mei, Jinxing Ma, Zhiwei Wang, Xingran Zhang und Zhichao Wu. „Insights into iron induced fouling of ion-exchange membranes revealed by a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring“. RSC Advances 7, Nr. 58 (2017): 36555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra05510b.

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32

Liu, Yi, und Rudolf Holze. „Metal-Ion Batteries“. Encyclopedia 2, Nr. 3 (15.09.2022): 1611–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2030110.

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Metal-ion batteries are systems for electrochemical energy conversion and storage with only one kind of ion shuttling between the negative and the positive electrode during discharge and charge. This concept also known as rocking-chair battery has been made highly popular with the lithium-ion battery as its most popular example. The principle can also be applied with other cations both mono- and multivalent. This might have implications and advantages in terms of increased safety, lower expenses, and utilizing materials, in particular metals, not being subject to resource limitations.

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33

Ma, Lin, Marshall Schroeder, Glenn Pastel, Oleg Borodin, Travis Pollard, Michael Ding, Janet Ho, Arthur v. Cresce und Kang Xu. „(Invited) Promises and Challenges of Multivalent Ion Battery Chemistries“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, Nr. 5 (09.10.2022): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-025552mtgabs.

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Extensive efforts have been made to seek new battery chemistries based on multivalent working ions, with the aim to replace the mature lithium-ion batteries. These efforts were initially driven by the pursuit of higher capacity/energy, better safety and lower cost, and more recently have significantly intensified with the increasing concerns over the climate change, the limited resources of Co and Ni, and the anxieties over geopolitical as well as ethical risks of the corresponding supply chain. But how far are we from a practical multivalent battery? This talk rigorously examines the achievements made in MV batteries as reported in the current literature, while attempting to explore a pathway through the fog-of-war ahead of us.

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Liu, Zhexuan, Liping Qin, Xinxin Cao, Jiang Zhou, Anqiang Pan, Guozhao Fang, Shuangyin Wang und Shuquan Liang. „Ion migration and defect effect of electrode materials in multivalent-ion batteries“. Progress in Materials Science 125 (April 2022): 100911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2021.100911.

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35

Karapidakis, Emmanuel, und Dimitra Vernardou. „Progress on V2O5 Cathodes for Multivalent Aqueous Batteries“. Materials 14, Nr. 9 (29.04.2021): 2310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092310.

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Research efforts have been focused on developing multivalent ion batteries because they hold great promise and could be a major advancement in energy storage, since two or three times more charge per ion can be transferred as compared with lithium. However, their application is limited because of the lack of suitable cathode materials to reversibly intercalate multivalent ions. From that perspective, vanadium pentoxide is a promising cathode material because of its low toxicity, ease of synthesis, and layered structure, which provides huge possibilities for the development of energy storage devices. In this mini review, the general strategies required for the improvement of reversibility, capacity value, and stability of the cathodes is presented. The role of nanostructural morphologies, structure, and composites on the performance of vanadium pentoxide in the last five years is addressed. Finally, perspectives on future directions of the cathodes are proposed.

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Schroeder, Marshall A., Lin Ma, Glenn Pastel und Kang Xu. „The mystery and promise of multivalent metal-ion batteries“. Current Opinion in Electrochemistry 29 (Oktober 2021): 100819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coelec.2021.100819.

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37

Pan, Zhenghui, Ximeng Liu, Jie Yang, Xin Li, Zhaolin Liu, Xian Jun Loh und John Wang. „Aqueous Rechargeable Multivalent Metal‐Ion Batteries: Advances and Challenges“. Advanced Energy Materials 11, Nr. 24 (12.05.2021): 2100608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202100608.

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Zhang, Zihe, Xu Zhang, Xudong Zhao, Sai Yao, An Chen und Zhen Zhou. „Computational Screening of Layered Materials for Multivalent Ion Batteries“. ACS Omega 4, Nr. 4 (30.04.2019): 7822–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b00482.

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39

Kirbawy, S. Alvin, und Marquita K. Hill. „Multivalent ion removal from kraft black liquor by ultrafiltration“. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 26, Nr. 9 (September 1987): 1851–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00069a022.

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40

Hübsch, E., G. Fleith, J. Fatisson, P. Labbé, J. C. Voegel, P. Schaaf und V. Ball. „Multivalent Ion/Polyelectrolyte Exchange Processes in Exponentially Growing Multilayers“. Langmuir 21, Nr. 8 (April 2005): 3664–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la047258d.

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41

Johnson, Ian D., Aashutosh Mistry, Liang Yin, Megan Murphy, Saul H. Lapidus, Venkat Srinivasan, John T. Vaughey, Jordi Cabana und Brian J. Ingram. „Ion Transport in Chromite Spinels for Multivalent Battery Applications“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2020-02, Nr. 2 (23.11.2020): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2020-022315mtgabs.

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42

McPhee, Brian D. „Apollo, Dionysus, and the Multivalent Birds of Euripides’ Ion“. Classical World 110, Nr. 4 (2017): 475–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/clw.2017.0039.

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43

Li, Yuqi, Yaxiang Lu, Philipp Adelhelm, Maria-Magdalena Titirici und Yong-Sheng Hu. „Intercalation chemistry of graphite: alkali metal ions and beyond“. Chemical Society Reviews 48, Nr. 17 (2019): 4655–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cs00162j.

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This review compares the intercalation behaviors of alkali metal ions in graphite, offers insight for the host-guest interaction mechanisms, and expands the intercalation chemistry of pure ions to complex anions, ion-solvent, and multivalent ions.

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Hao, Qing-Hai, Qian Chen, Zhen Zheng, Li-Yan Liu, Tie-Ju Liu, Xiao-Hui Niu, Qing-Gong Song und Hong-Ge Tan. „Molecular dynamics simulations of cylindrical polyelectrolyte brushes in monovalent and multivalent salt solutions“. Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 15, Nr. 03 (Mai 2016): 1650026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633616500267.

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Molecular dynamics simulations are applied to investigate the cylindrical polyelectrolyte brushes in monovalent and multivalent salt solutions. By varying the salt valence and concentration, the brush thickness, shape factor of grafted chains, and distributions of monomers and ions in the solutions are studied. The simulation results show that the single osmotic pressure effect in the brush leads to changes in conformation in the presence of monovalent salt, while the ion exchange effect induces the collapse of the brushes in the multivalent salt solutions. Furthermore, the snapshots combined with the distributions of the end-monomers and the mean bond angles demonstrate a nonuniform stretching picture of the grafted chains, which is different with the chains tethered on the planar surface. The charge ratios between the ions trapped in the brush and the monomers are also calculated to elucidate the details of ion exchange process.

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45

Gao, Qiang, Jeremy Come, Michael Naguib, Stephen Jesse, Yury Gogotsi und Nina Balke. „Synergetic effects of K+and Mg2+ion intercalation on the electrochemical and actuation properties of the two-dimensional Ti3C2MXene“. Faraday Discussions 199 (2017): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6fd00251j.

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Two-dimensional materials, such as MXenes, are attractive candidates for energy storage and electrochemical actuators due to their high volume changes upon ion intercalation. Of special interest for boosting energy storage is the intercalation of multivalent ions such as Mg²⁺, which suffers from sluggish intercalation and transport kinetics due to its ion size. By combining traditional electrochemical characterization techniques with electrochemical dilatometry and contact resonance atomic force microscopy, the synergetic effects of the pre-intercalation of K⁺ions are demonstrated to improve the charge storage of multivalent ions, as well as tune the mechanical and actuation properties of the Ti₃C₂MXene. Our results have important implications for quantitatively understanding the charge storage processes in intercalation compounds and provide a new path for studying the mechanical evolution of energy storage materials.

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Li, Le, Weizhuo Zhang, Weijie Pan, Mengyu Wang, Hairan Zhang, Duo Zhang und Dan Zhang. „Application of expanded graphite-based materials for rechargeable batteries beyond lithium-ions“. Nanoscale 13, Nr. 46 (2021): 19291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nr05873h.

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In this review, we evaluate and summarize the application of expanded graphite-based materials in rechargeable batteries, including alkaline ions (such as Na+, K+) storage and multivalent ion (such as Mg2+, Zn2+, Ca2+ and Al3+) storage batteries.

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Stadie, Nicholas P. „(Invited) Zeolite-Templated Carbon As a Model Material for Electrochemical Energy Storage in Nanometre-Spaced Carbon Channels“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, Nr. 7 (07.07.2022): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-017659mtgabs.

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Beyond lithium-ion battery (LIB) chemistries demand new electrode materials exhibiting unique features to accommodate the larger and/or multivalent active ions. Zeolite-templated carbon (ZTC) is an ordered microporous carbon scaffold that is molecularly thin, electrically conductive, and covalently connected in three dimensions. Its narrow pore size distribution is centered at 1.2 nm, permitting the introduction and ultrafast conduction of large molecular guests. In this work, we demonstrate the serviceability of ZTC as a stable cathode material across wide voltage ranges for both bulky, polyatomic anions (as in dual-ion batteries, DIBs, and/or hybrid capacitors, HCs) and multivalent cations (e.g., magnesium-ion batteries, MIBs) in high energy density and high power density electrochemical cells. Charge storage proceeds by a purely capacitive mechanism at the surface of ZTC, mated with the faradaic mechanism of metal plating and stripping at the anode. A suite of techniques including solid-state NMR spectroscopy sheds insight into the role of the solvent, anion, and cation in electrochemical insertion/deinsertion of the active ions within the microporous framework of ZTC. Figure 1

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48

Asselin, Genevieve, Olivia Paden, Weiqi Qiu, Zicheng Yang und Niya Sa. „Electrochemical Investigation of Kinetics and Mechanisms of Charge Transfer in Nonaqueous Zinc and Magnesium Electrolytes“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, Nr. 4 (09.10.2022): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024512mtgabs.

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Nonaqueous multivalent systems are competitive as future lithium-ion battery (LIB) replacements to address growing energy storage needs. High volumetric specific capacity, low cost, long lifetime, are some driving advantages of these systems. Their development has been slowed by a plethora of fundamental unknowns. Mechanisms of multivalent charge transfer are complicated and not well understood in detail. Strategic electrochemical investigation into fundamental redox mechanisms and kinetics of multi-charge transfer of Magnesium and Zinc nonaqueous electrolytes will be presented here. Influence of solvent system, concentration, anion identity, and solvent structure are investigated as each has an integral role.

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Gulden, Tobias, und Alex Kamenev. „Dynamics of Ion Channels via Non-Hermitian Quantum Mechanics“. Entropy 23, Nr. 1 (19.01.2021): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23010125.

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We study dynamics and thermodynamics of ion transport in narrow, water-filled channels, considered as effective 1D Coulomb systems. The long range nature of the inter-ion interactions comes about due to the dielectric constants mismatch between the water and the surrounding medium, confining the electric filed to stay mostly within the water-filled channel. Statistical mechanics of such Coulomb systems is dominated by entropic effects which may be accurately accounted for by mapping onto an effective quantum mechanics. In presence of multivalent ions the corresponding quantum mechanics appears to be non-Hermitian. In this review we discuss a framework for semiclassical calculations for the effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. Non-Hermiticity elevates WKB action integrals from the real line to closed cycles on a complex Riemann surfaces where direct calculations are not attainable. We circumvent this issue by applying tools from algebraic topology, such as the Picard-Fuchs equation. We discuss how its solutions relate to the thermodynamics and correlation functions of multivalent solutions within narrow, water-filled channels.

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Bui, Hoang Linh, und Chun-Jen Huang. „Tough Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels with Antimicrobial Property via Incorporation of Natural Multivalent Phytic Acid“. Polymers 11, Nr. 10 (21.10.2019): 1721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11101721.

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Tough and antimicrobial dual-crosslinked poly((trimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate chloride)-phytic acid hydrogel (pTMAEMA-PA) has been synthesized by adding a chemical crosslinker and docking a physical crosslinker of multivalent phytic acid into a cationic polyelectrolyte network. By increasing the loading concentration of PA, the tough hydrogel exhibits compressive stress of >1 MPa, along with high elasticity and fatigue-resistant properties. The enhanced mechanical properties of pTMAEMA-PA stem from the multivalent ion effect of PA via the formation of ion bridges within polyelectrolytes. In addition, a comparative study for a series of pTMAEMA-counterion complexes was conducted to elaborate the relationship between swelling ratio and mechanical strength. The study also revealed secondary factors, such as ion valency, ion specificity and hydrogen bond formation, holding crucial roles in tuning mechanical properties of the polyelectrolyte hydrogel. Furthermore, in bacteria attachment and disk diffusion tests, pTMAEMA-PA exhibits superior fouling resistance and antibacterial capability. The results reflect the fact that PA enables chelating strongly with divalent metal ions, hence, disrupting the outer membrane of bacteria, as well as dysfunction of organelles, DNA and protein. Overall, the work demonstrated a novel strategy for preparation of tough polyelectrolyte with antibacterial capability via docking PA to open up the potential use of PA in medical application.

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