Zeitschriftenartikel: „Multiscale mechanical characterization“

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Liparoti, S., A. Sorrentino, V. Speranza und G. Titomanlio. „Multiscale mechanical characterization of iPP injection molded samples“. European Polymer Journal 90 (Mai 2017): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.03.010.

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Juliano, Thomas F., Aaron M. Forster, Peter L. Drzal, Tusit Weerasooriya, Paul Moy und Mark R. VanLandingham. „Multiscale mechanical characterization of biomimetic physically associating gels“. Journal of Materials Research 21, Nr. 8 (01.08.2006): 2084–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0254.

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The mechanical response of living tissue is important to understanding the injury-risk associated with impact events. Often, ballistic gelatin or synthetic materials are developed to serve as tissue surrogates in mechanical testing. Unfortunately, current materials are not optimal and present several experimental challenges. Bulk measurement techniques, such as compression and shear testing geometries, do not fully represent the stress states and rate of loading experienced in an actual impact event. Indentation testing induces deviatoric stress states as well as strain rates not typically available to bulk measurement equipment. In this work, a ballistic gelatin and two styrene-isoprene triblock copolymer gels are tested and compared using both macroscale and microscale measurements. A methodology is presented to conduct instrumented indentation experiments on materials with a modulus far below 1 MPa. The synthetic triblock copolymer gels were much easier to test than the ballistic gelatin. Compared to ballistic gelatin, both copolymer gels were found to have a greater degree of thermal stability. All of the materials exhibit strain-rate dependence, although the magnitude of dependence was a function of the loading rate and testing method.

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Park, Byung, David Hwang, Dong Kwon, Tae Yoon und Youn-Woo Lee. „Fabrication and Characterization of Multiscale PLA Structures Using Integrated Rapid Prototyping and Gas Foaming Technologies“. Nanomaterials 8, Nr. 8 (27.07.2018): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8080575.

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Multiscale structured polymers have been considered as a promising category of functional materials with unique properties. We combined rapid prototyping and gas foaming technologies to fabricate multiscale functional materials of superior mechanical and thermal insulation properties. Through scanning electron microscope based morphological characterization, formation of multiscale porous structure with nanoscale cellular pores was confirmed. Improvement in mechanical strength is attributed to rearrangement of crystals within CO2 saturated grid sample. It is also shown that a post-foaming temperature higher than the glass transition temperature deteriorates mechanical strength, providing process guidelines. Thermal decomposition of filament material sets the upper limit of temperature for 3D printed features, characterized by simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Porosity of the fabricated 3D structured polylactic acid (PLA) foam is controllable by suitable tuning of foaming conditions. The fabricated multiscale 3D structures have potential for thermal insulation applications with lightweight and reasonable mechanical strength.

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Abdelaziz, Amal, Eyad Masad, Amy Epps Martin und Edith Arámbula Mercado. „Multiscale Characterization of Rejuvenated RAP Binders“. Journal of Testing and Evaluation 51, Nr. 4 (16.02.2023): 20220229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte20220229.

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Reggente, M., M. Natali, D. Passeri, M. Lucci, I. Davoli, G. Pourroy, P. Masson et al. „Multiscale mechanical characterization of hybrid Ti/PMMA layered materials“. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 532 (November 2017): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.05.011.

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Pierrat, Baptiste, Nahime Al Abiad, Anicet Le Ruyet und Stéphane Avril. „Multiscale mechanical characterization of knitted abdominal wall repair meshes“. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 23, sup1 (19.10.2020): S221—S222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2020.1815310.

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Serino, Gianpaolo, Fabio Distefano, Elisabetta M. Zanetti, Giulia Pascoletti und Gabriella Epasto. „Multiscale Mechanical Characterization of Polyether-2-ketone (PEKK) for Biomedical Application“. Bioengineering 11, Nr. 3 (29.02.2024): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11030244.

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Polyether-ether-2-ketone (PEKK) is a high-performance thermoplastic polymer used in various fields, from aerospace to medical applications, due to its exceptional mechanical and thermal properties. Nonetheless, the mechanical behavior of 3D-printed PEKK still deserves to be more thoroughly investigated, especially in view of its production by 3D printing, where mechanical properties measured at different scales are likely to be correlated to one another and to all play a major role in determining biomechanical properties, which include mechanical strength on one side and osteointegration ability on the other side. This work explores the mechanical behavior of 3D-printed PEKK through a multiscale approach, having performed both nanoindentation tests and standard tensile and compression tests, where a detailed view of strain distribution was achieved through Digital Image Correlation (DIC) techniques. Furthermore, for specimens tested up to failure, their fractured surfaces were analyzed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to clearly outline fracture modes. Additionally, the internal structure of 3D-printed PEKK was explored through Computed Tomography (CT) imaging, providing a three-dimensional view of the internal structure and the presence of voids and other imperfections. Finally, surface morphology was analyzed through confocal microscopy. The multiscale approach adopted in the present work offers information about the global and local behavior of the PEKK, also assessing its material properties down to the nanoscale. Due to its novelty as a polymeric material, no previous studies have approached a multiscale analysis of 3D-printed PEKK. The findings of this study contribute to a comprehensive understanding of 3D-printed PEKK along with criteria for process optimization in order to customize its properties to meet specific application requirements. This research not only advances the knowledge of PEKK as a 3D-printing material but also provides insights into the multifaceted nature of multiscale material characterization.

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Bigerelle, M., M. Dalla-Costa und D. Najjar. „Multiscale similarity characterization of abraded surfaces“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 221, Nr. 10 (01.10.2007): 1473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544054jem770.

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Many surface properties are related to their topography. The characteristics of an engineering surface can be recorded as a roughness profile characterized by calculation of roughness parameters. The supposed relevant parameters are used to characterize the surface and to tailor similar surfaces with the same characteristics. The aim of this paper is to propose an alternative method based on information theory to avoid roughness parameters calculation in quantifying the similarity of two roughness profiles. The relevance of this method is emphasized using experimental profiles.

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Liao, Ning Bo, Miao Zhang und Rui Jiang. „Recent Development in Multiscale Simulation of Mechanical Properties at Material Interface“. Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (Oktober 2010): 491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.491.

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For nanoscale devices and structures, interface phenomena often dominate their overall thermal behavior. The feature scale of material interfaces usually originate from nanometer length and present a hierarchical nature. Considering to the limitations of the continuum mechanics on the characterization of nano-scale, the multiscale model featuring the interface could be very important in materials design. The purpose of this review is to discuss the applications of multiscale modeling and simulation techniques to study the mechanical properties at materials interface. It is concluded that a multi-scale scheme is needed for this study due to the hierarchical characteristics of interface.

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Lejček, Pavel, Jaroslav Čapek, Michaela Roudnická, Orsolya Molnárová, Jan Maňák, Jan Duchoň, Drahomír Dvorský et al. „Selective laser melting of iron: Multiscale characterization of mechanical properties“. Materials Science and Engineering: A 800 (Januar 2021): 140316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.140316.

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Brown, G. M., und F. Ellyin. „Mechanical properties and multiscale characterization of nanofiber-alumina/epoxy nanocomposites“. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 119, Nr. 3 (18.08.2010): 1459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.32662.

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Nivarthi, Akash, Michael R. Haberman und Christina Naify. „Mechanical characterization of additively manufactured polymers using ultrasonic nondestructive testing“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, Nr. 3_supplement (01.03.2023): A288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018874.

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Ultrasonic nondestructive testing (NDT) can be used to relate the print settings of additively manufactured polymers to their macroscopic elastic properties. We present a comparison of the measurement of angle- and frequency-dependent ultrasonic transmission through a flat plate to predictions using a multiscale model that considers infill geometry and constitutive material properties. The experiment is an immersion test that uses a point source and synthetic linear array to measure the transmission coefficient from 0.2 to 1 MHz over a wide range of incident angles. Samples were fabricated using fused deposition modeling (FDM) to print infilled plates with polylactic acid (PLA) filament. Transmission measurements were compared to predictions from a multiscale model consisting of a finite element model to predict the effective anisotropic stiffness based on an assumed infill geometry and PLA material properties and an acoustic reflection-transmission model for an anisotropic elastic plate submerged in water based on the work of Rokhlin and Wang [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 112, 822 (2002)]. Minimization of the difference between the measured and modeled transmission coefficient for all angles and frequencies by varying model inputs provides an improved understanding of the effects of the print settings on the as-built mechanical properties for 3D-printed materials.

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Lansiaux, Henri, Damien Soulat, François Boussu und Ahmad Rashed Labanieh. „Development and Multiscale Characterization of 3D Warp Interlock Flax Fabrics with Different Woven Architectures for Composite Applications“. Fibers 8, Nr. 2 (18.02.2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib8020015.

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Multiscale characterization of the textile preform made of natural fibers is an indispensable way to understand and assess the mechanical properties and behavior of composite. In this study, a multiscale experimental characterization is performed on three-dimensional (3D) warp interlock woven fabrics made of flax fiber on the fiber (micro), roving (meso), and fabric (macro) scales. The mechanical tensile properties of the flax fiber were determined by using the impregnated fiber bundle test. The effect of the twist was considered in the back-calculation of the fiber stiffness to reveal the calculation limits of the rule of mixture. Tensile tests on dry rovings were carried out while considering different twist levels to determine the optimal amount of twist required to weave the flax roving into a 3D warp interlock. Finally, at fabric-scale, six different 3D warp interlock architectures were woven to understand the role of the architecture of binding rovings on the mechanical properties of the dry 3D fabric. The results reveal the importance of considering the properties of the fiber and roving at these scales to determine the more adequate raw material for weaving. Further, the characterization of the 3D woven structures shows the preponderant role of the binding roving on their structural and mechanical properties.

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Lublin, Derek, Taige Hao, Raj Malyala und David Kisailus. „Multiscale mechanical characterization of biobased photopolymers towards sustainable vat polymerization 3D printing“. RSC Advances 14, Nr. 15 (2024): 10422–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4ra00574k.

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In vat polymerization (VP) 3D printing, there is an urgent need to expand characterization efforts for resins derived from natural resources to counter the increasing consumption of fossil fuels required to synthesize conventional monomers.

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Watanabe, Ikumu, Nobufumi Ueshima, Jovana Ruzic und Hongzhi Cui. „Multiscale Modelling and Characterization of Mechanical Properties in Heat-Resistant Alloys“. Crystals 12, Nr. 1 (14.01.2022): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12010105.

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Wertz, John, Matt Cherry, Sean O'Rourke, Laura Homa, Nick Lorenzo und Erik Blasch. „Multiscale Mixed Modality Microstructure Assessment for Titanium (M4AT) Data Set“. Materials Evaluation 80, Nr. 8 (01.08.2022): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32548/2022.me-04274.

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The capability of a material depends on multiscale physical properties. In many cases, state-of-the-art material characterization methods for micro-to-mesoscale features require extensive preparation or destructive analysis. These shortcomings limit their use for quality control of component-scale parts, as extensive preparation or destructive analysis are prohibitively expensive or impossible for real-time assessment. One example is the detection and characterization of critical microtexture regions in titanium, where the state-of-the-art sensing method is both damaging and constrained to a laboratory environment. New sensing approaches that achieve the capability of laboratory-based characterization methods without destructive assessment offer promise for manufacturing, inspection, and assembly. A potential solution is to develop novel data fusion algorithms to complement existing nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques.

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Khafagy, Khaled H., Siddhant Datta und Aditi Chattopadhyay. „Multiscale characterization and representation of variability in ceramic matrix composites“. Journal of Composite Materials 55, Nr. 18 (28.01.2021): 2431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320978445.

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Low density, high strength, and high creep and oxidation resistance properties of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) make them an ideal choice for use in extreme environments in space and military applications. This paper presents a detailed characterization study of structural and manufacturing flaws in Carbon fiber Silicon-Carbide-Nitride matrix (C/SiNC) CMCs at different length-scales. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) is used for the chemical characterization of the material’s elemental constituents. High-resolution multiscale graphs obtained from scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscope (LSM) are used to characterize the distribution and morphology of defects at different length scales. This is followed by the classification and quantification of the common manufacturing defects. An image processing algorithm based on the image segmentation process is developed to quantify the variability of various scale-dependent architectural parameters. Finally, a three-dimensional stochastic representative volume element (SRVE) generation algorithm is developed to provide precise representations of material textures at multiple length scales. The developed algorithm accurately accounts for material features and flaws based on a range of multiscale structural and defects characterization results.

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Serino, Gianpaolo, Mattia Gusmini, Alberto Luigi Audenino, Giovanni Bergamasco, Ornella Ieropoli und Cristina Bignardi. „Multiscale Characterization of Isotropic Pyrolytic Carbon Used for Mechanical Heart Valve Production“. Processes 9, Nr. 2 (12.02.2021): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020338.

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Usage of pyrolytic carbon (PyC) to produce mechanical heart valves (MHVs) has led to heart valve replacement being a very successful procedure. Thus, the mechanical properties of employed materials for MHV production are fundamental to obtain the required characteristics of biocompatibility and wear resistance. In this study, two deposition methods of PyC were compared through a multiscale approach, performing three-point bending tests and nanoindentation tests. Adopted deposition processes produced materials that were slightly different. Significant differences were found at the characteristic scale lengths of the deposited layers. Setting changes of the deposition process permitted obtaining PyC characterized by a more uniform microstructure, conferring to the bulk material superior mechanical properties.

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Rao, Pratish R., Krishna Muralidharan, Moe Momayez und Keith Runge. „A multiscale microstructural characterization of SiO2-Al2O3 foams“. Materials Characterization 181 (November 2021): 111433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2021.111433.

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Özen, Arda, Gregor Ganzosch, Christina Völlmecke und Dietmar Auhl. „Characterization and Multiscale Modeling of the Mechanical Properties for FDM-Printed Copper-Reinforced PLA Composites“. Polymers 14, Nr. 17 (26.08.2022): 3512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14173512.

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Additive manufacturing is an emerging technology and provides high design flexibility to customers. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is an economical and promising additive manufacturing method. Due to its many advantages, FDM received great attention in recent years, and comprehensive studies are being undertaken to investigate the properties of FDM-printed polymers and polymer composites. As a result of the manufacturing technology employed in FDM, inner structures are changed with different process parameters, and thus, anisotropic properties are observed. Moreover, composite filaments such as particle- or fiber-reinforced polymers already have anisotropy before FDM printing. In this study, we investigate the effect of different process parameters, namely layer thickness and raster width on FDM-printed copper-reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Mechanical characterizations with a high-resolution camera are carried out for analyzing the deformation behaviors. Optical microscopy characterizations are performed to observe the mesostructural changes with various process parameters. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis are conducted for investigating the microstructure, specifically, copper particles in the PLA matrix. A 2D digital image correlation code with a machine learning algorithm is applied to the optical characterization and SEM-EDS images. In this way, micro- and mesostructural features, as well as the porosity ratios of the specimens are investigated. We prepare the multiscale homogenization by finite element method (FEM) simulations to capture the material’s response, both on a microscale and a mesoscale. We determined that the mesostructure and, thereby, the mechanical properties are significantly changed with the aforementioned process parameters. A lower layer thickness and a greater raster width led to a higher elasticity modulus and ultimate tensile strength (UTS). The optical microscopy analysis verified this statement: Decreasing the layer thickness and increasing the raster width result in larger contact lines between adjacent layers and, hence, lower porosity on the mesoscale. Realistic CAD images were prepared regarding the mesostructural differences and porosity ratios. Ultimately, all these changes are accurately modeled with mesoscale and multiscale simulations. The simulation results are validated by laboratory experiments.

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Lemesle, Julie, Frederic Robache, Gaetan Le Goic, Alamin Mansouri, Christopher A. Brown und Maxence Bigerelle. „Surface Reflectance: An Optical Method for Multiscale Curvature Characterization of Wear on Ceramic–Metal Composites“. Materials 13, Nr. 5 (25.02.2020): 1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051024.

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Surface gradient characterization by light reflectance (SGCLR) is used for the first time for multiscale curvature calculations and discrimination of worn surfaces on six damaged ceramic–metal composites. Measurements are made using reflectance transformation imaging (RTI). Slope and curvature maps, generated from RTI, are analyzed instead of heights. From multiscale decompositions, bootstrapping, and analysis of variance (ANOVA), a strong correlation (R² = 0.90) is found between the density of furrows of Mehlum curvatures, with a band pass filter at 5.4 µm, present in ceramic grains and their mechanical properties. A strong correlation is found between the mean curvatures of the metal and the ceramics, with a high pass filter at 1286 µm.

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Kavvadias, Ioannis E., Konstantinos Tsongas, Kosmas E. Bantilas, Maria G. Falara, Athanasia K. Thomoglou, Fani I. Gkountakou und Anaxagoras Elenas. „Mechanical Characterization of MWCNT-Reinforced Cement Paste: Experimental and Multiscale Computational Investigation“. Materials 16, Nr. 15 (31.07.2023): 5379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16155379.

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Computational approaches could provide a viable and cost-effective alternative to expensive experiments for accurately evaluating the nonlinear constitutive behavior of cementitious nanocomposite materials. In the present study, the mechanical properties of cement paste reinforced with multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are examined experimentally and numerically. A multiscale computational approach is adopted in order to verify the experimental results. For this scope, a random sequential adsorption algorithm was developed to generate non-overlapping matrix-inclusion three-dimensional (3D) representative volume elements (RVEs), considering the inclusions as straight elements. Nonlinear finite element analyses (FEA) were performed, and the homogenized elastic and inelastic mechanical properties were computed. The use of a multiscale computational approach to accurately evaluate the nonlinear constitutive behavior of cementitious materials has rarely been explored before. For this purpose, the RVEs were analyzed both in pure tension and compression. Young’s modulus as well compressive and tensile strength results were compared and eventually matched the experimental values. Moreover, the effect of MWCNTs on the nonlinear stress–strain behavior of reinforced cement paste was noted. Subsequently, three-point bending tests were conducted, and the stress–strain behavior was verified with FEA in the macro scale. The numerical modeling reveals a positive correlation between the concentration of MWCNTs and improved mechanical properties, assuming ideal dispersion. However, it also highlights the impact of practical limitations, such as imperfect dispersion and potential defects, which can deteriorate the mechanical properties that are observed in the experimental results. Among the different cases studied, that with a 0.1 wt% MWCNTs/CP composite demonstrated the closest agreement between the numerical model and the experimental measurements. The numerical model achieved the best accuracy in estimating the Young’s modulus (underestimation of 13%), compressive strength (overestimation of 1%), and tensile strength (underestimation of 6%) compared to other cases. Overall, these numerical findings contribute significantly to understanding the mechanical behavior of the nanocomposite material and offer valuable guidance for optimizing cement-based composites for engineering applications.

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Zhao, Junliang, Dongxiao Zhang, Tianhao Wu, Haoyu Tang, Qihan Xuan, Zheng Jiang und Cheng Dai. „Multiscale Approach for Mechanical Characterization of Organic-Rich Shale and Its Application“. International Journal of Geomechanics 19, Nr. 1 (Januar 2019): 04018180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0001281.

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Spanos, Konstantinos N., und Nick K. Anifantis. „Mechanical characterization of hexagonal boron nitride nanocomposites: A multiscale finite element prediction“. Journal of Composite Materials 52, Nr. 16 (15.11.2017): 2229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317740942.

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In this study, a calculation of the elastic mechanical properties of composite materials reinforced by boron nitride nanosheets is taking place, following the finite elements approach. Composites are specifically composed of two phases of materials, the matrix material and the reinforcing phase, here, consisting of boron nitride monolayers. The simulation of these two materials as well as the interface between them were made in accordance with the micromechanics theory, examining a representative volume element. Specifically, the matrix material is considered as continuous medium and the reinforcing phase, based on its atomistic microstructure, is considered as a discrete medium and was simulated through spring-based finite elements. Something similar occurred with the simulation of the interface region, which is responsible for the load transfer between the two materials. The results of the method were compared with data from other studies and showed good agreement.

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Jacques, P. J., Q. Furnémont, F. Lani, T. Pardoen und F. Delannay. „Multiscale mechanics of TRIP-assisted multiphase steels: I. Characterization and mechanical testing“. Acta Materialia 55, Nr. 11 (Juni 2007): 3681–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2007.02.029.

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Hernández-Cruz, Daniel, Craig W. Hargis, Sungchul Bae, Pierre A. Itty, Cagla Meral, Jolee Dominowski, Michael J. Radler, David A. Kilcoyne und Paulo J. M. Monteiro. „Multiscale characterization of chemical–mechanical interactions between polymer fibers and cementitious matrix“. Cement and Concrete Composites 48 (April 2014): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.01.001.

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Liu, Lili, Yurong Wang, Jianyong Zhao, Zhihao Cai, Ce Guo und Longhai Li. „Multiscale Characterization and Biomimetic Design of Porcupine Quills for Enhanced Mechanical Performance“. Materials 17, Nr. 9 (23.04.2024): 1949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17091949.

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The mechanical properties of porcupine quills have attracted the interest of researchers due to their unique structure and composition. However, there is still a knowledge gap in understanding how these properties can be utilized to design biomimetic structures with enhanced performance. This study delves into the nanomechanical and macro-mechanical properties of porcupine quills, unveiling varied elastic moduli across different regions and cross sections. The results indicated that the elastic moduli of the upper and lower epidermis were higher at 8.13 ± 0.05 GPa and 7.71 ± 0.14 GPa, respectively, compared to other regions. In contrast, the elastic modulus of the mid-dermis of the quill mid-section was measured to be 7.16 ± 0.10 GPa. Based on the micro- and macro-structural analysis of porcupine quills, which revealed distinct variations in elastic moduli across different regions and cross sections, various biomimetic porous structures (BPSs) were designed. These BPSs were inspired by the unique properties of the quills and aimed to replicate and enhance their mechanical characteristics in engineering applications. Compression, torsion, and impact tests illustrated the efficacy of structures with filled hexagons and circles in improving performance. This study showed enhancements in maximum torsional load and crashworthiness with an increase in filled structures. Particularly noteworthy was the biomimetic porous circular structure 3 (BPCS_3), which displayed exceptional achievements in average energy absorption (28.37 J) and specific energy absorption (919.82 J/kg). Finally, a response surface-based optimization method is proposed to enhance the design of the structure under combined compression-torsion loads, with the goal of reducing mass and deformation. This research contributes to the field of biomimetics by exploring the potential applications of porcupine quill-inspired structures in fields such as robotics, drive shafts, and aerospace engineering.

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Ekeowa, Collins, und SD Jacob Muthu. „Multiscale Modeling and Characterization of Graphene Epoxy Nanocomposite“. Polymers 16, Nr. 9 (26.04.2024): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16091209.

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This study aims to characterize graphene epoxy nanocomposite properties using multiscale modeling. Molecular dynamics was used to study the nanocomposite at the nanoscale and finite element analysis at the macroscale to complete the multiscale modeling. The coupling of these two scales was carried out using the Irving–Kirkwood averaging method. First, the functionalization of graphene was carried and 6% grafted graphene was selected based on Young’s modulus and the tensile strength of the grafted graphene sheet. Functionalized graphene with weight fractions of 1.8, 3.7, and 5.6 wt.% were reinforced with epoxy polymer to form a graphene epoxy nanocomposite. The results showed that the graphene with 3.7 wt.% achieved the highest modulus. Subsequently, a functionalized graphene sheet with an epoxy matrix was developed to obtain the interphase properties using the MD modeling technique. The normal and shear forces at the interphase region of the graphene epoxy nanocomposite were investigated using a traction-separation test to analyze the mechanical properties including Young’s modulus and traction forces. The mean stiffness of numerically tested samples with 1.8, 3.7, and 5.6 wt.% graphene and the stiffness obtained from experimental results from the literature were compared. The experimental results are lower than the multiscale model results because the experiments cannot replicate the molecular-scale behavior. However, a similar trend could be observed for the addition of up to 3.7 wt.% graphene. This demonstrated that the graphene with 3.7 wt.% shows improved interphase properties. The macroscale properties of the graphene epoxy nanocomposite models with 1.8 and 3.7 wt.% were comparatively higher.

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Youssef, George, Scott Newacheck, Nha Uyen Huynh und Carlos Gamez. „Multiscale Characterization of E-Glass/Epoxy Composite Exposed to Extreme Environmental Conditions“. Journal of Composites Science 5, Nr. 3 (12.03.2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5030080.

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Fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites continue to attract scientific and industrial interest since they offer superior strength-, stiffness-, and toughness-to-weight ratios. The research herein characterizes two sets of E-Glass/Epoxy composite skins: stressed and unstressed. The stressed samples were previously installed in an underground power distribution vault and were exposed to fire while the unstressed composite skins were newly fabricated and never-deployed samples. The mechanical, morphological, and elemental composition of the samples were methodically studied using a dynamic mechanical analyzer, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and an x-ray diffractometer, respectively. Sandwich composite panels consisting of E-glass/Epoxy skin and balsa wood core were originally received, and the balsa wood was removed before any further investigations. Skin-only specimens with dimensions of ~12.5 mm wide, ~70 mm long, and ~6 mm thick were tested in a Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer in a dual-cantilever beam configuration at 5 Hz and 10 Hz from room temperature to 210 °C. Micrographic analysis using the SEM indicated a slight change in morphology due to the fire event but confirmed the effectiveness of the fire-retardant agents in quickly suppressing the fire. Accompanying Fourier transform infrared and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy studies corroborated the mechanical and morphological results. Finally, X-ray diffraction showed that the fire event consumed the surface level fire-retardant and the structural attributes of the E-Glass/Epoxy remained mainly intact. The results suggest the panels can continue field deployment, even after short fire incident.

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Wang, Jingyu, Parisa Marashizadeh, Binbin Weng, Preston Larson, M. Cengiz Altan und Yingtao Liu. „Synthesis, Characterization, and Modeling of Aligned ZnO Nanowire-Enhanced Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Composites“. Materials 15, Nr. 7 (02.04.2022): 2618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15072618.

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This paper presents the synthesis, characterization, and multiscale modeling of hybrid composites with enhanced interfacial properties consisting of aligned zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires and continuous carbon fibers. The atomic layer deposition method was employed to uniformly synthesize nanoscale ZnO seeds on carbon fibers. Vertically aligned ZnO nanowires were grown from the deposited nanoscale seeds using the low-temperature hydrothermal method. Morphology and chemical compositions of ZnO nanowires were characterized to evaluate the quality of synthesized ZnO nanowires in hybrid fiber-reinforced composites. Single fiber fragmentation tests reveal that the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) in epoxy composites improved by 286%. Additionally, a multiscale modeling framework was developed to investigate the IFSS of hybrid composites with radially aligned ZnO nanowires. The cohesive zone model (CZM) was implemented to model the interface between fiber and matrix. The damage behavior of fiber was simulated using the ABAQUS user subroutine to define a material’s mechanical behavior (UMAT). Both experimental and analytical results indicate that the hierarchical carbon fibers enhanced by aligned ZnO nanowires are effective in improving the key mechanical properties of hybrid fiber-reinforced composites.

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Li, Runguang, Youkang Wang, Xiaojing Liu, Shilei Li, Qing Tan, Wenjun Liu, Xing Fang und Yan-Dong Wang. „Micromechanical behaviors related to confined deformation in pure titanium“. MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 12018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032112018.

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Confined deformation, e.g. mechanical twinning, shear banding, and Lüders banding, etc. was extensively observed in metals and alloys with low stacking-fault energies, especially under complex loadings, governing the mechanical properties. It is often accompanied with gradient microstructures to accommodate the stress concentrations. Understanding the micromechanical behaviors of structural materials having confined deformation is important for evaluating the structural stabilities of engineering components. Synchrotron-based techniques provide powerful tools for multiscale microstructural characterization owing to their good resolution in real/reciprocal space, fast data collection/processing and flexible application scenarios. In this paper, the synchrotron-based high-energy X-ray diffraction (HE-XRD) and microdiffraction (μXRD) techniques in combination with traditional characterization methods are used to reveal the deformational gradient structures/stresses under different loading modes in multiscale. The structure/stress gradients induced by laser shot peening treatment and the deformation twins generated during uniaxial tensile loading in pure titanium were systematically studied by HE-XRD and μXRD, in order to elucidate the accommodating role of the deformational structures subjected to various confined scenarios. The new finding regarding the micromechanical behaviors related to confined deformation contributes to the in-depth understanding of related complex deformation behaviors.

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Belardi, V. G., P. Fanelli, S. Trupiano und F. Vivio. „Multiscale analysis and mechanical characterization of open-cell foams by simplified FE modeling“. European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids 89 (August 2021): 104291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechsol.2021.104291.

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Jouault, Nicolas, Florent Dalmas, François Boué und Jacques Jestin. „Multiscale characterization of filler dispersion and origins of mechanical reinforcement in model nanocomposites“. Polymer 53, Nr. 3 (Februar 2012): 761–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2011.12.001.

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Kossman, Stephania, Alain Iost, Didier Chicot, David Mercier, Itziar Serrano-Muñoz, Francine Roudet, Philippe Dufrénoy, Vincent Magnier und Anne-Lise Cristol. „Mechanical characterization by multiscale instrumented indentation of highly heterogeneous materials for braking applications“. Journal of Materials Science 54, Nr. 6 (30.11.2018): 4647–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-3158-7.

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Zobeiry, Navid, Alireza Forghani, Chao Li, Kamyar Gordnian, Ryan Thorpe, Reza Vaziri, Goran Fernlund und Anoush Poursartip. „Multiscale characterization and representation of composite materials during processing“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, Nr. 2071 (13.07.2016): 20150278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0278.

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Given the importance of residual stresses and dimensional changes in composites manufacturing, process simulation has been the focus of many studies in recent years. Consequently, various constitutive models and simulation approaches have been developed and implemented for composites process simulation. In this paper, various constitutive models, ranging from elastic to nonlinear viscoelastic; and simulation approaches ranging from separated flow/solid phases to multiscale integrated phases are presented and their applicability for process simulation is discussed. Attention has been paid to practical aspects of the problem where the complexity of the model coupled with the complexity and size scaling of the structure increases the characterization and simulation costs. Two specific approaches and their application are presented in detail: the pseudo-viscoelastic cure hardening instantaneously linear elastic (CHILE) and linear viscoelastic (VE). It is shown that CHILE can predict the residual stress formation in simple cure cycles such as the one-hold cycle for HEXCEL AS4/8552 where the material does not devitrify during processing. It is also shown that using this simple approach, the cure cycle can be modified to lower the residual stress level and therefore increase the mechanical performance of the composite laminate. For a more complex cure cycle where the material is devitrified during a post-cure, it is shown that a more complex model such as VE is required. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Multiscale modelling of the structural integrity of composite materials’.

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Meftah, Redouane, Sylvain Berger, Gary Jacqus, Jean-Yves Laluet und Veerle Cnudde. „Multiscale characterization of glass wools using X-ray micro-CT“. Materials Characterization 156 (Oktober 2019): 109852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2019.109852.

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Vázquez-Moreno, Jose, Ruben Sánchez-Hidalgo, Estela Sanz-Horcajo, Jaime Viña, Raquel Verdejo und Miguel López-Manchado. „Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Graphene/Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Hierarchical Polymer Composites“. Journal of Composites Science 3, Nr. 1 (25.03.2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs3010030.

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Conventional carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) have extensively been used as structural elements in a myriad of sectors due to their superior mechanical properties, low weight and ease of processing. However, the relatively weak compression and interlaminar properties of these composites limit their applications. Interest is, therefore, growing in the development of hierarchical or multiscale composites, in which, a nanoscale filler reinforcement is utilized to alleviate the existing limitations associated with the matrix-dominated properties. In this work, the fabrication and characterization of hierarchical composites are analyzed through the inclusion of graphene to conventional CFRP by vacuum-assisted resin infusion molding.

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Christen, David, Duncan James Webster und Ralph Müller. „Multiscale modelling and nonlinear finite element analysis as clinical tools for the assessment of fracture risk“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 368, Nr. 1920 (13.06.2010): 2653–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0041.

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The risk of osteoporotic fractures is currently estimated based on an assessment of bone mass as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. However, patient-specific finite element (FE) simulations that include information from multiple scales have the potential to allow more accurate prognosis. In the past, FE models of bone were limited either in resolution or to the linearization of the mechanical behaviour. Now, nonlinear, high-resolution simulations including the bone microstructure have been made possible by recent advances in simulation methods, computer infrastructure and imaging, allowing the implementation of multiscale modelling schemes. For example, the mechanical loads generated in the musculoskeletal system define the boundary conditions for organ-level, continuum-based FE models, whose nonlinear material properties are derived from microstructural information. Similarly microstructure models include tissue-level information such as the dynamic behaviour of collagen by modifying the model's constitutive law. This multiscale approach to modelling the mechanics of bone allows a more accurate characterization of bone fracture behaviour. Furthermore, such models could also include the effects of ageing, osteoporosis and drug treatment. Here we present the current state of the art for multiscale modelling and assess its potential to better predict an individual's risk of fracture in a clinical setting.

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El-Khoury, Marinelle, Frédéric Grondin, Emmanuel Roziere, Rachid Cortas und Fadi Hage Chehade. „A non-linear multiscale chemo-mechanical model describing the delayed evolution of concrete structures in marine environments“. Mechanics & Industry 24 (2023): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2023023.

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The failure of offshore structures is a major issue as they lead to economic, environmental, and social disasters. Assessing the durability and long-term behavior of these structures subjected to chemical and mechanical degradation is subsequently critical. The analysis of these coupled phenomena induced by seawater attack and mechanical loading is complex and requires the development of innovative measurement systems and modelling strategies. Thus, multiscale protocols, starting from the microscopic scale of the cement paste, seems relevant for the characterization of the chemo-mechanical behavior of offshore structures. Therefore, the competition between protective layers' formations and harmful effects of seawater ions has been coupled with the creep phenomenon.

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Dinarelli, Simone, Andrzej Sikora, Angela Sorbo, Marco Rossi und Daniele Passeri. „Atomic force microscopy as a tool for mechanical characterizations at the nanometer scale“. Nanomaterials and Energy 12, Nr. 2 (01.06.2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jnaen.23.00016.

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The design, optimization, and realization of innovative nanocomposite materials for advanced applications in a broad range of fields, from energy, automotive, photonics, to biology and nanomedicine require the capability to characterize their physical (e.g., mechanical, electric, magnetic...) properties from a multiscale perspective, in particular, not only at the macroscopic scale, but also at the nanometer one. In particular, methods are needed to characterize mechanical properties with nanometer lateral resolution, in order to understand the contribution of the nanosized features of the materials and the related phenomena. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been evolved from a tool for the morphological analysis of the sample surface to an integrated platform for the physicochemical characterization of samples. Current AFM systems host several advanced techniques for the mechanical characterization of materials with high speed and high lateral resolution in a broad range of mechanical moduli, e.g., from stiff samples (e.g., coatings, crystals…) to soft materials (e.g., polymers, biological samples...), in different environments (e.g., air, vacuum, liquid), and conditions (controlled humidity, controlled temperature). Here, short review of AFM based methods for the nanomechanical characterization of materials, in particular force spectroscopy, is reported, with emphasis on the materials which can be analyzed.

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Wang, Lizhe, Liu He, Fuyuan Liu, Hang Yuan, Ji Li und Min Chen. „Mechanical Characterization of Multifunctional Metal-Coated Polymer Lattice Structures“. Materials 17, Nr. 3 (03.02.2024): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17030741.

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Metal-coated lattice structures hold significant promise for customizing mechanical properties in diverse industrial applications, including the mechanical arms of unmanned aerial vehicles. However, their intricate geometries pose computational challenges, resulting in time-intensive and costly numerical evaluations. This study introduces a parameterization-based multiscale method to analyze body-centered cubic lattice structures with metal coatings. We establish the validity and precision of our proposed method with a comparative analysis of numerical results at the Representative Volume Element (RVE) scale and experimental findings, specifically addressing both elastic tensile and bending stiffness. Furthermore, we showcase the method’s accuracy in interpreting the bending stiffness of coated lattice structures using a homogenized material-based solid model, underscoring its effectiveness in predicting the elastic properties of such structures. In exploring the mechanical characterization of coated lattice structures, we unveil positive correlations between elastic tensile stiffness and both coating thickness and strut diameter. Additionally, the metal coating significantly enhances the structural elastic bending stiffness multiple times over. The diverse failure patterns observed in coated lattices under tensile and bending loads primarily stem from varied loading-induced stress states rather than external factors. This work not only mitigates computational challenges but also successfully bridges the gap between mesoscale RVE mechanical properties and those at the global structural scale.

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Kwak, Kwangsik, Tsuyoshi Mayama, Yoji Mine, Katsuhiko Ohishi, Tomonori Ueno und Kazuki Takashima. „Multiscale mechanical characterization of 601 nickel-based superalloy fabricated using wire-arc additive manufacturing“. Materials Science and Engineering: A 836 (März 2022): 142734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2022.142734.

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Kebriaei, Reza, Ivaylo Nikolov Vladimirov und Stefanie Reese. „Experimental Chemo-Mechanical Characterization and Multiscale Modeling of the Alloys Al1050, Al2024 and Al5754“. Key Engineering Materials 611-612 (Mai 2014): 1787–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.611-612.1787.

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In the last decades, manufacturing of layered composite materials has become an interesting topic in industrial development. Joining properties of adhesively bonded materials are characterized by a complex interaction of plastic deformation, thermo-mechano-chemical coupling effects, adhesion and diffusion. Additionally, the interactions between the microstructures involved in the process have to be taken into account. In this paper the microstructure of materials (as e.g. Al1050, Al2024 and Al5754), which have a wide range of applications in engineering structures, is numerically and experimentally investigated. The results are compared with experimental data.

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Rahmanian, S., A. R. Suraya, M. A. Shazed, R. Zahari und E. S. Zainudin. „Mechanical characterization of epoxy composite with multiscale reinforcements: Carbon nanotubes and short carbon fibers“. Materials & Design 60 (August 2014): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.03.039.

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Guo, Zhangxin, Lubin Song, Chai Gin Boay, Zhonggui Li, Yongcun Li und Zhihua Wang. „A new multiscale numerical characterization of mechanical properties of graphene-reinforced polymer-matrix composites“. Composite Structures 199 (September 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.05.053.

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Lu, Yang, Stephen Thomas und Tian Jie Zhang. „Concurrent AtC Multiscale Modeling of Material Coupled Thermo-Mechanical Behaviors: A Review“. CivilEng 3, Nr. 4 (15.11.2022): 1013–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/civileng3040057.

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Advances in the field of processing and characterization of material behaviors are driving innovations in materials design at a nanoscale. Thus, it is demanding to develop physics-based computational methods that can advance the understanding of material Multiphysics behaviors from a bottom-up manner at a higher level of precision. Traditional computational modeling techniques such as finite element analysis (FE) and molecular dynamics (MD) fail to fully explain experimental observations at the nanoscale because of the inherent nature of each method. Concurrently coupled atomic to the continuum (AtC) multi-scale material models have the potential to meet the needs of nano-scale engineering. With the goal of representing atomistic details without explicitly treating every atom, the AtC coupling provides a framework to ensure that full atomistic detail is retained in regions of the problem while continuum assumptions reduce the computational demand. This review is intended to provide an on-demand review of the AtC methods for simulating thermo-mechanical behavior. Emphasis is given to the fundamental concepts necessary to understand several coupling methods that have been developed. Three methods that couple mechanical behavior, three methods that couple thermal behavior, and three methods that couple thermo-mechanical behavior is reviewed to provide an evolutionary perspective of the thermo-mechanical coupling methods.

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Vanleene, Maximilien, Pierre-Emmanuel Mazeran und Marie-Christine Ho Ba Tho. „Influence of strain rate on the mechanical behavior of cortical bone interstitial lamellae at the micrometer scale“. Journal of Materials Research 21, Nr. 8 (01.08.2006): 2093–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0255.

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Investigations of bone mechanical properties are of major importance for bone pathology research, biomaterials, and development of in vivo bone characterization devices. Because of its complex multiscale structure, assessment of bone microstructure is an important step for understanding its mechanical behavior. In this study, we have investigated the strain rate influence on the mechanical properties of interstitial lamellae on two human femur bone samples. Nanoindentation tests were performed with the continuous stiffness measurement technique. Young's modulus and hardness were calculated using the Oliver and Pharr method. A statistical significant influence of strain rate on hardness was found (p < 0.05) showing a viscoplastic behavior of interstitial bone at the micrometer scale. This phenomenon may reflect the role of the organic component in the bone matrix mechanical behavior.

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Georgantzinos, Stelios K., Georgios I. Giannopoulos, Konstantinos Stamoulis und Stylianos Markolefas. „Composites in Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering“. Materials 16, Nr. 22 (19.11.2023): 7230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16227230.

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An important step towards improving performance while reducing weight and maintenance needs is the integration of composite materials into mechanical and aerospace engineering. This subject explores the many aspects of composite application, from basic material characterization to state-of-the-art advances in manufacturing and design processes. The major goal is to present the most recent developments in composite science and technology while highlighting their critical significance in the industrial sector—most notably in the wind energy, automotive, aerospace, and marine domains. The foundation of this investigation is material characterization, which offers insights into the mechanical, chemical, and physical characteristics that determine composite performance. The papers in this collection discuss the difficulties of gaining an in-depth understanding of composites, which is necessary to maximize their overall performance and design. The collection of articles within this topic addresses the challenges of achieving a profound understanding of composites, which is essential for optimizing design and overall functionality. This includes the application of complicated material modeling together with cutting-edge simulation tools that integrate multiscale methods and multiphysics, the creation of novel characterization techniques, and the integration of nanotechnology and additive manufacturing. This topic offers a detailed overview of the current state and future directions of composite research, covering experimental studies, theoretical evaluations, and numerical simulations. This subject provides a platform for interdisciplinary cooperation and creativity in everything from the processing and testing of innovative composite structures to the inspection and repair procedures. In order to support the development of more effective, durable, and sustainable materials for the mechanical and aerospace engineering industries, we seek to promote a greater understanding of composites.

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Bigerelle, M., A. Van Gorp, A. Gautier und P. Revel. „Multiscale morphology of high-precision turning process surfaces“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 221, Nr. 10 (01.10.2007): 1485–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544054jem777.

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The characterization of functional surfaces is done mainly by roughness which can be quantified by many parameters. In order to select relevant roughness parameters, a multiscale discriminant method is proposed and applied to characterize high-precision turned surfaces. First, surfaces are characterized by a single roughness parameter and secondly by a pair of roughness parameters. In all cases, the most relevant evaluation length is also determined for each parameter. The results obtained on four different samples show that the most relevant roughness parameter is Rk estimated on a 10μm evaluation length. The best pair of parameters is Δa and Ri, estimated respectively on 20μm and 100μm evaluation lengths. Rk well characterizes the microroughness, which seems to be mainly representative of the roughness of high-precision machined surfaces. However, only multiscale analyses with a pair of roughness parameters can characterize both the macroscopic and microscopic morphologies of machined surfaces.

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Withers, Philip J. „3-D Materials Characterization Over a Range of Time and Length Scales“. AM&P Technical Articles 170, Nr. 6 (01.06.2012): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.amp.2012-06.p028.

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Abstract Optimizing the integrity and performance of highly engineered surfaces and structures requires the ability to visualize and understand material behavior over multiple length and time scales from a three-dimensional perspective. The Electron Microscopy Centre at the University of Manchester is equipped for such work as demonstrated in problem-solving scenarios involving multiscale imaging and analysis of the progression of intergranular corrosion in Al alloy 2024, the catalytic effect of silver nanoparticles in seawater, recrystallization in a volume element of a bronze alloy, and defect progression on graphene surfaces.

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