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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Multi-Sectoral models“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Multi-Sectoral models"
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Baierla, Gary, Kazuo Nishimura und Makoto Yano. „The role of capital depreciation in multi-sectoral models“. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 33, Nr. 3-4 (Januar 1998): 467–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2681(97)00070-x.
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Білоусова, Т. П. „GENERAL ECONOMIC EQUILIBRIUM MODELS“. Таврійський науковий вісник. Серія: Економіка, Nr. 20 (31.05.2024): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2708-0366/2024.20.4.
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The article examines the possibilities and limitations of empirical models of general economic equilibrium and makes their classification. Computable general equilibrium models are divided into two groups: the first group is based on the equilibrium price model (G. Scarf's approach), the second is based on a multi-sectoral model of economic growth (L. Johansen's approach). Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models are also divided into two groups: the first group is based on the model of the real business cycle (the approach of F. Kydland and E. Prescott), the second is based on the model of various behavior of firms in conditions monopolistic competition (the approach of J. Rotemberg and M. Woodford). Within each group, empirical models were studied according to the following criteria: the scale of the economy, its openness; application for current and future assessments; socio-economic phenomenon under study.
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Chapa, Joana, und Araceli Ortega. „Identifying the Main Emitters of Carbon Dioxide in Mexico: A Multi-Sectoral Study“. Economía 17, Nr. 2 (01.04.2017): 135–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31389/eco.69.
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In this paper, input-output and SAM-based multiplier models are formulated to identify the main emitters of direct, indirect, and induced carbon dioxide (CO2) for the Mexican economy. The models are based on a social accounting matrix for Mexico, with disaggregated household income and consumption patterns according to the official poverty line. The results show that the final users of the inputs that embody high levels of CO2 emissions are the next five sectors: (1) construction; (2) electricity, gas, and water supply; (3) inland transport; (4) food, beverages, and tobacco; and (5) coke, refined petroleum, and nuclear fuel. The findings suggest that the implementation of a carbon tax could damage poor families, since these families generate high direct, indirect, and induced CO2 emissions per unit of income, as a consequence of their consumption patterns of fuels and the products that embody high CO2 emissions levels (for example, agriculture, hunting, forestry, and fishing).
JEL Classifications: C58, I3, Q21, Q56
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Chrismas, Robert (Bob). „Justice on Turtle Island: Continuing the evolution of policing with First Nations, Métis and Inuit Peoples in Canada“. Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being 1, Nr. 2 (08.08.2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35502/jcswb.8.
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The relationship between policing and Canada’s First Nations and Métis peoples has historically been strained, and these tensions continue trans-generationally. This social innovation paper explores the possibility of integrating two effective paradigms that might positively enhance the relationship between policing and First Nations, Métis and Inuit peoples of Canada. The first is increased multi-sectoral collaboration around social issues, based on proven models such as Prince Albert Saskatchewan’s community mobilization initiative. The second is finding culturally sensitive alternatives to criminal courts by diverting cases into restorative justice processes that resonate more closely with Indigenous beliefs. These approaches would focus more on restoring community balance than pitting adversaries against one another in the mainstream criminal courts. Proposed for consideration is widening the restorative justice circle to include multi-sectoral resources to reduce the chances of re-offending and enhance conflict intervention and resolution.
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Jarosz, Ewa. „Integration of multi-sectoral activities in protecting children from violence – barriers and models of development“. Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze 597, Nr. 2 (28.02.2021): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.7827.
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Intersectoral cooperation is widely recommended strategy in child protection. However despite many efforts to develop it, the real picture of intersectoral collaboration still is not enough satisfying. Researchers identify many factors that are obstacles to its development. Based on the analysis of the practice some models for constructing and improving intersectoral cooperation are suggested. The aim of the paper is to present main barriers of this collaboration as well as to present an example of a functional model that helps to construct intersectoral collaboration in a local environment.
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Giorgio, Giorgi, und Cesare Zuccotti. „Metzlerian and Generalized Metzlerian Matrices: Some Properties and Economic Applications“. Journal of Mathematics Research 7, Nr. 2 (26.03.2015): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmr.v7n2p42.
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In the first part of the paper we consider the main properties, with respectto stability and existence of solutions of multi-sectoral economic models,of Metzlerian and Morishima matrices. In the second part we introducevarious generalized Metzlerian matrices, in order to enlarge the results ofOhyama (1972) in the study of stability and comparative statics for aWalrasian-type equlibrium model.
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Florentin, Daniel. „From multi-utility to cross-utilities: The challenges of cross-sectoral entrepreneurial strategies in a German city“. Urban Studies 56, Nr. 11 (20.11.2018): 2242–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018798974.
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In the water and energy sectors, projects geared towards new forms of cross-sectoral functioning have boomed in most European countries over the past decade, and have deeply transformed the ecology of urban services. These projects are often considered as an answer to a rising challenge affecting numerous traditional utilities: the unforeseen urban change relating to shifting (i.e. declining) demand patterns that are undermining traditional models of infrastructure management. The development of cross-sectoral strategies is considered a way both to tackle the attrition of traditional sources of revenue and to develop greener infrastructure systems by enhancing their efficiency level, often in line with low-carbon programmes implemented by national or local governments. The appeal lies in a fairly static perception of infrastructure management and technological change. Based on a detailed analysis of a traditional German local multi-utility and informed by a six-month internship within the company, the article deciphers the rationale of multi-sectoral practices, in particular the company’s transformation into a cross-utility that devised a common strategy for all its infrastructure networks and its ambiguities. Various facets of such ‘boundary work’ are analysed, focusing on organisational and financial aspects to reveal the new sites of tensions and negotiations between sectors, but also on the material component of these cross-sectoral projects through the case of one such nexus programme, a waste-to-energy programme. This programme embodies the potential contradictions between the call for reduced use of resources (i.e. the production of less waste) and the development of new urban technical systems relying primarily on those same resources.
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Junne, Tobias, Sonja Simon, Jens Buchgeister, Maximilian Saiger, Manuel Baumann, Martina Haase, Christina Wulf und Tobias Naegler. „Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Multi-Sectoral Energy Transformation Pathways: Methodological Approach and Case Study for Germany“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 19 (06.10.2020): 8225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198225.
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In order to analyse long-term transformation pathways, energy system models generally focus on economical and technical characteristics. However, these models usually do not consider sustainability aspects such as environmental impacts. In contrast, life cycle assessment enables an extensive estimate of those impacts. Due to these complementary characteristics, the combination of energy system models and life cycle assessment thus allows comprehensive environmental sustainability assessments of technically and economically feasible energy system transformation pathways. We introduce FRITS, a FRamework for the assessment of environmental Impacts of Transformation Scenarios. FRITS links bottom-up energy system models with life cycle impact assessment indicators and quantifies the environmental impacts of transformation strategies of the entire energy system (power, heat, transport) over the transition period. We apply the framework to conduct an environmental assessment of multi-sectoral energy scenarios for Germany. Here, a ‘Target’ scenario reaching 80% reduction of energy-related direct CO2 emissions is compared with a ‘Reference’ scenario describing a less ambitious transformation pathway. The results show that compared to 2015 and the ‘Reference’ scenario, the ‘Target’ scenario performs better for most life cycle impact assessment indicators. However, the impacts of resource consumption and land use increase for the ‘Target’ scenario. These impacts are mainly caused by road passenger transport and biomass conversion.
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Wang, Hui Ting, Shou Wen Ji und Lin Zhong. „IDEF-Based Procedure Analysis and Restructuring Design of the Online Overseas Purchasing Agent Business“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 685 (Oktober 2014): 706–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.685.706.
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For the lack of specific constrains, the lack of multi-sectoral joint supervision and the lack of data acquisition for online overseas purchasing and irregular clearance procedures and the loss of national revenue during the process of online overseas purchasing, this paper analyzes and restructures the process of it based on iDEF0 and IDEF3 models. Advantages of the restructuring process are mentioned in this paper.
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Toufique, Kazi Ali. „Bangladesh Experience in Rural Development: The Success and Failure of the Various Models Used“. Bangladesh Development Studies XXXXA, Nr. 1&2 (01.09.2017): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.57138/tnbw4033.
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This paper describes the experience of rural development in Bangladesh by (i) highlighting the key stylized facts about the dynamics of the rural economy, (ii) summarising the key approaches, policies and programmes adopted for rural development, and (iii) making recommendations for improvement of rural development strategies. The rural economy has become more complex due to the growth of the non-farm sector, migration, commercialisation, development of infrastructure and appearance of new actors such as the NGOs. Farming still plays a critical role but not the central one and rural development strategy has to be more cross-sectoral and multi-occupational in approach.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Multi-Sectoral models"
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Ross, Andrew G. „Household and skill disaggregation in multi-sectoral models of the Scottish economy“. Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2017. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27879.
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This thesis constructs and applies multi-sectoral models that can be used by policy makers to assess potential system-wide impacts and trade-offs of policies set out in Scotland’s Economic Strategywith particular focus on analysing the skill-dimension. This thesis begins by building a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for Scotland and then disaggregates this by educational characteristics of the Scottish workforce. This forms the foundation upon which subsequent modelling frameworks are developed. Next, the SAM is used to compare methods for calculating Input-Output Type II multipliers. Significant differences across these methods do not appear to be explicitly acknowledged or understood in the current literature. The potential distributional effects of exogenous demand shocks within the Scottish economy are analysed using a SAM model that contains disaggregated household accounts and two types of labour. The SAM is also used to identify the skill intensity of key structural component of the Scottish economy. The SAM is then applied to calibrate an extended version of the AMOS Computable General Equilibrium(CGE) model. This model is subsequently employed to analyse the system-wide impacts of policy relevant shocks. A variety of export demand shocks are modelled to identify the likely impacts of export orientated policies. This facilitates the separate identification of disparate labour market impacts, whilst also detailing policy relevant system-wide effects in a multi sectoral modelling framework. The skill intensity of exports, as also assessed in the SAM model, is revisited in a CGE modelling context. A key policy in the Economic Strategy is ‘to make better use of skills in the workplace’. This is interpreted as a labour augmenting efficiency improvement where fewer workers are required to produce the same level of output. Given the importance of the skill dimension alternative cases of labour-augmenting efficiency improvements are explored within the skill-disaggregated AMOS model.
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Poirier, Côme. „The macroeconomics of sectoral propagation : Three essays in production networks“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLD051.
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La production économique d'un pays est organisée en un entrelacement complexe d'unités reliées les unes aux autres par des liens de fournisseurs-acheteurs. En particulier, les secteurs, qui sont des regroupements de firmes partageant une activité de production similaire, forment un réseau à travers les biens et services qu'ils se fournissent mutuellement pour produire. A cet effet, lorsqu'un secteur subit un choc économique quelconque, il est probable que d'autres secteurs auxquels il est relié soient affectés eux aussi (augmentation des coûts de production, adoption d'une nouvelle technologie...): le choc s'est propagé d'un secteur à un autre. De récents épisodes de disruption économique comme le conflit Ukrainien ou l'épidémie de Covid-19 ont mis en exergue la vulnérabilité des économies via leurs chaînes de production. Un exemple parlant est l'approvisionnement en énergie, bien dont tous les secteurs ont crucialement besoin pour produire. Toute crise énergétique génère inévitablement des chocs de coûts de production pour les autres secteurs.Le but de cette thèse est de comprendre les mécanismes à l'oeuvre lorsqu'un choc sectoriel vient à se propager vers d'autres industries. Les objectifs de ces travaux sont donc de trois natures différentes: comprendre, modéliser, recommander. Le premier chapitre estime l'hétérogénéité des capacités de substitution des secteurs en utilisant des données de quantité, de prix et de consommation pour l'économie américaine. Ce modèle permet aussi d'étudier l'impact de cette hétérogénéité sur la propagation de chocs inter-sectorielle. Le deuxième chapitre étudie les effets de la politique industrielle dans un modèle où les liens inter-sectoriels peuvent changer (i.e. les liens fournisseurs-acheteurs évoluent dans le temps). Dans cet article, il est donné des éléments théoriques sur l'effet de telles politiques industrielles ainsi qu'une étude quantitative afin de comprendre quels secteurs sont les plus propices pour des subventions étatiques ou des taxes élevées. Enfin, le troisième chapitre propose un des premiers modèles désagrégeant à la fois le côté production (secteurs) et le côté demande finale (ménages) de l'économie. Ce modèle permet de comprendre les effets redistributifs des chocs sectoriels. En d'autres termes, il permet d'analyser comment un choc issu d'un secteur spécifique peut affecter les inégalités pour des ménages travaillant dans d'autres secteursThe economic production of a country is organised in a complex interweaving of units linked to each other by supplier-buyer links. In particular, sectors, which are groupings of firms sharing a similar production activity, form a network through the goods and services they supply to each other for production. When a sector suffers an economic shock of any kind, it is likely that other sectors to which it is linked will also be affected (increased production costs, adoption of a new technology, etc.): the shock will have spread from one sector to another. Recent episodes of economic disruption such as the Ukrainian conflict or the Covid-19 epidemic have highlighted the vulnerability of economies via their production chains. A telling example is the supply of energy, a commodity that all sectors crucially need in order to produce. Any energy crisis inevitably generates production cost shocks for other sectors.The aim of this thesis is to understand the mechanisms at work when a sectoral shock spreads to other industries. The objectives of this work are therefore threefold: to understand, to model and to recommend. The first chapter estimates the heterogeneity of substitution capacities between sectors using quantity, price and consumption data for the US economy. This model is also used to study the impact of this heterogeneity on the propagation of inter-sector shocks. The second chapter studies the effects of industrial policy in a model where inter-sectoral linkages can change (i.e. supplier-buyer linkages evolve over time). In this paper, theoretical elements on the effect of such industrial policies are given as well as a quantitative study to understand which sectors are the most conducive to state subsidies or high taxes. Finally, the third chapter proposes one of the first models to disaggregate both the production side (sectors) and the final demand side (households) of the economy. This model makes it possible to understand the redistributive effects of sectoral shocks. In other words, it enables us to analyse how a shock originating in a specific sector can affect inequalities for households working in other sectors
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Winge, Monica. „Collaboration and Coordination Challenges in Patient-Centered Care : Models and Informaion Services“. Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för data- och systemvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-132693.
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This thesis reports on research focuses on how to deal with the fact that the organization and processesof today’s health and social care are becoming ever more complex as a consequence of societal trends, including an aging population and an increased reliance on care at home. The overall research goal is to suggest ways in which IT-based solutions can enable and leverage collaboration and coordination insituations where a co-morbid patient is subject to care delivered simultaneously by several different professionals and organizations. Patient-centered care is defined as quality health and social care achieved through a partnership between informed and respected patients, their families, and coordinated health and social care teams who conduct care activities according to jointly determined care plans. Against a background of several years of research on patient-centered collaborative care using adesign science approach, using techniques such as focus groups, interviews, and document studies, the author of the thesis has further pursued the work in a project named CoCare. Results show that the care required in aging societies is both a social and a technical challenge. Meeting this challenge will require a redesign of today's health and social care processes in order to focus more clearly on patient needs and values, and poses demands on information services allowing to share knowledge of the patient’s health and social situation among involved care providers. An important aspect of the increased complexity is that a single patient may need care from several autonomous care providers in parallel, particularly patients with co-morbidities. This clearly requires effective coordination of care activities, which poses further demands on information services to support this task. A set of issues involving patient-centered collaborative care is identified and analyzed. The thesis introduces the notions of the Patient-Centered Care Process (PCCP) and a conglomeration of suchprocesses. A conglomeration comprises a set of PCCPs that concern the same patient, that are overlapping in time, and that share the overall goal of improving and maintaining the health and socialwell-being of the patient. The PCCP is inspired by the well-known PDCA cycle and comprises the four phases of assessing the patient situation (ASSESS), planning care activities (PLAN), performingcare activities (DO) and following up care (CHECK) for the patient. Based on a number of key standards, such as HL7, HISA and CONTsys, the thesis introduces a Patient-Centered Information Model (PCIM). A set of information services, together constituting a Coordination Hub, is proposed. The information services aim to help formal as well as informal carers (including the patient) inconducting care according to the PCCP The thesis contributes to a deeper understanding of care processes and suggests ways to achieve patient-centered collaborative care that better contributes to creating value for the patient as an individual.
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Giesecke, James Andrew David. „FEDERAL-F : a multi-regional multi-sectoral dynamic model of the Australian economy /“. Title page, appendix, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg4554.pdf.
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NINKA, ENIEL. „Complexity in economics a multi-sectoral model with heterogeneous interacting agents“. Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242433.
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Krause, Michael [Verfasser], Harald von [Akademischer Betreuer] Witzke, Hermann [Akademischer Betreuer] Lotze-Campen und Rüdiger [Akademischer Betreuer] Schaldach. „Economic potential and sectoral impacts of forest-based climate change mitigation : integrated analysis in a global multi-sectoral land use model / Michael Krause. Gutachter: Harald von Witzke ; Hermann Lotze-Campen ; Rüdiger Schaldach“. Berlin : Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1072459922/34.
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Giesecke, James. „FEDERAL-F : a multi-regional multi-sectoral dynamic model of the Australian economy / by James A.D. Giesecke“. 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19810.
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Bibliography: p. 648-661.2 v. (xviii, 661 p. : ill.([1] col.) ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Economics, 2001
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Carvalho, Ariovaldo Lopes de. „A hybrid Input-Output multi-objective model to assess economic-energy-environment trade-offs: an application to Brazil and prospective sugarcane bioethanol technologies“. Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/27127.
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Tese de doutoramento em Sistemas de Energia Sustentável, apresentada ao Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de CoimbraAs relações entre o consumo de energia, o crescimento econômico e os impactos ambientais são determinantes para o processo de formulação de políticas. A Análise Input-Output (AIO) tem sido usada para estudar inter/intra-relações entre os diferentes setores económicos, bem como estendida para a análise dos sistemas energético e ambiental. Modelos de Programação Linear Multi-objetivo (PLMO) utilizando a estrutura Input-Output (IO) também vêm sendo desenvolvidos para estudar os compromissos (trade-offs) entre os sistemas económico, energético e ambiental. Os modelos IO-PLMO são capazes de captar a complexidade e natureza conflituosa dos problemas do mundo real, permitindo a obtenção de um informação relevante que não seria possível conseguir com uma aplicação separada de ambas as metodologias. Esta combinação de modelos de PLMO e AIO desempenha um papel complementar na compreensão das interações entre os sistemas económicos e energéticos, e os correspondentes impactos ambientais, oferecendo um quadro consistente para avaliar os efeitos de políticas distintas sobre estes sistemas. Um modelo de PLMO baseado em uma estrutura IO híbrida com unidades monetárias e físicas é apresentado nesta tese. Este modelo tem como objetivo avaliar os trade-offs entre objectivos económicos, energéticos, ambientais e sociais no sistema económico brasileiro. Primeiramente, as tabelas IO para o Brasil são reorganizadas para incluir o Balanço Energético Nacional, criando uma estrutura IO híbrida com unidades físicas e monetárias. Este quadro é estendido para avaliar diferentes Gases de Efeito Estufa (GEE), que são então agregados em um único indicador (CO2eq), e o nível de emprego. Duas versões do modelo de PLMO são definidas: uma versão com valores determinísticos e outra em que a programação intervalar é usada para tratar a incerteza em alguns coeficientes do modelo. A versão determinística do modelo tem 443 variáveis (incluindo a produção dos setores e produtos energéticos e várias variáveis econômicas) e um conjunto de 490 restrições (definidoras e limitadoras). As funções objetivo consideradas são a maximização dos níveis do PIB e do emprego, bem como a minimização do consumo de energia e emissões de GEE. Os métodos interativos STEM e o TRIMAP são aplicados para tratar a versão determinística do modelo, permitindo a exploração de soluções de compromisso de acordo com as informações de preferência emitidas pelo decisor. O STEM permitiu um processo de busca de solução interativa através da redução da região admissível baseada na especificação de quantidades de relação para as função objetivo com valores já satisfatórios, fornecendo informações sobre os trade-offs entre os objetivos conflitantes em diferentes regiões da região admissível. O método interativo TRIMAP ofereceu uma pesquisa flexível de soluções através de um ambiente gráfico amigável baseada na visualização das regiões de indiferença associadas a soluções vértices eficientes no diagrama paramétrico, permitindo uma exploração progressiva e seletiva de soluções de compromisso. Ambos os métodos forneceram informações de apoio à decisão relevante para um decisor hipotético, ajudando-o na compreensão dos trade-offs em jogo e na identificação de soluções de compromisso para os modelos de PLMO. A versão intervalar do modelo IO-PLMO híbrido, que inclui 518 restrições e 473 variáveis, é analisada com uma abordagem interativa que envolve a formulação de modelos determinísticos substitutos para o modelo de PLMO intervalar (baseado na minimização do pior desvio possível das funções objetivo intervalar em relação as suas soluções ideais intervalares correspondentes) e de uma fase interativa em que a sinergia entre o algoritmo (prestando informações ao decisor) e o decisor (processando as informações e fornecendo orientações para o processo de cálculo) facilitando um processo de pesquisa com base na proximidade dos valores da solução intervalar em relação à solução intervalar ideal. Perspectivas otimistas e pessimistas foram consideradas a fim de procurar soluções com diferentes alternativas de decisão. Finalmente, os impactos de diferentes processos de cultivo de cana de açúcar e de produção de bioetanol de primeira (1G) e segunda geração (2G) sobre o sistema económico brasileiro e a oferta doméstica de bioetanol em cenários prospetivos foram analisados com a versão determinística do modelo de PLMO. Coeficientes técnicos para diferentes configurações de usinas de bioetanol de produção combinada de 1G + 2G e sistemas de cultivo da cana foram estimados e introduzidos na matriz de coeficientes técnicos. As funções objetivo foram a maximização do PIB e do emprego, e a minimização do consumo de energia e das emissões totais de GEE. A maximização da produção total de bioetanol no país em cada cenário também foi considerado. Soluções não-dominadas foram calculadas através da minimização da distância de Tchebycheff para a solução ideal em cada cenário. A extensão da análise envolvendo todo o sistema económico veio complementar o desenho e a análise baseada em processos potenciais de produção de bioetanol, contribuindo para identificar efeitos indiretos que podem contrabalançar os benefícios. Esta tese fornece modelos, metodologias e conhecimento baseado na avaliação das soluções obtidas com diferentes processos de cálculo, que é essencial para o desenvolvimento de abordagens integradas para a análise prospetiva dos trade-offs económico-energético-ambiental em um país e em um setor específico.
The study and assessment of the relationships between energy consumption, economic growth and environmental impacts is determinant for the policy making process. Input-Output Analysis (IOA) has been used to study inter/intra-relationships among different sectors in the economic system and extended to account for energy and environmental impacts. Multi-objective Linear Programming (MOLP) models using the Input-Output (IO) framework has also been developed to study economic-energy-environment trade-offs. The IO-MOLP models are able to capture the complexity and conflicting nature of real world problems allowing obtaining insightful information that would not be possible to achieve with a separated application of both methodologies. This combination of multi-objective models with IOA plays a supplementary role in understanding the interactions between the economic and energy systems, and the corresponding impacts on the environment, offering a consistent framework for assessing the effects of distinct policies. A MOLP model based on a hybrid IO framework with monetary and physical units is presented in this thesis. This model aims at assessing the trade-offs between economic, energy, environmental and social objectives in the Brazilian economic system. Firstly, the IO tables for Brazil are reorganized to include the National Energy Balance, creating a hybrid IO framework. This framework is extended to assess different Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, which are then aggregated into a single indicator (CO2eq), and the employment level. Two versions of the MOLP model are defined: a version with deterministic values and another one in which interval programming techniques are used for tackling the uncertainty in some coefficients of the model. The deterministic version of the model has 443 variables (including the total output of sectors and energy commodities and several economic variables) and a set of 490 (defining and bound) constraints. The objective functions considered are the maximization of GDP and employment levels, and the minimization of energy consumption and GHG emissions. The STEM and TRIMAP interactive methods are applied to the deterministic version of the model, allowing the exploration of compromise solutions according to the preference information issued by the decision maker (DM). STEM allows an interactive solution search process through the reduction of the feasible region based on the specification of relaxation quantities for the already satisfactory objective functions, thus providing information about the trade-offs that are at stake between the competing objectives in different regions of the search space. The TRIMAP interactive method offers a flexible search for solutions in a user-friendly graphical environment based on the display of indifference regions associated with vertex efficient solutions on the parametric diagram, allowing a progressive and selective exploration of compromise solutions. Both methods have provided relevant decision support information to a hypothetical DM assisting him/her in understanding the trade-offs at stake and identifying compromise solutions to the MOLP models. The interval version of the hybrid IO-MOLP model, which includes 518 constraints and 473 variables, is analyzed with an interactive approach involving the formulation of surrogate deterministic models for the interval MOLP model (based on the minimization of the worst possible deviation of the interval objective functions to their corresponding interval ideal solutions) and an interactive phase in which a synergy between the algorithm (providing information to the DM) and the DM (processing the information and providing guidelines for the computation process). This approach has allowed a reference point searching process based on the closeness of the values of the interval solution in relation to the ideal interval solution. Optimistic and pessimistic perspectives have been considered in order to search for solutions using different decision alternatives. Finally, impacts of different sugarcane cultivation and first-generation (1G) and second-generation (2G) bioethanol production processes on the Brazilian economic system and domestic bioethanol supply in prospective scenarios are analyzed with the deterministic version of the MOLP model. Technical coefficients for different configurations of combined 1G+2G bioethanol plants and sugarcane cultivation are estimated and introduced into the Brazilian technical coefficient matrix. The objective functions are the maximization of GDP and employment level, and the minimization of total energy consumption and GHG emissions. The maximization of the total bioethanol production in the country in each scenario is also considered. Non-dominated solutions are computed by minimizing a Tchebycheff distance to the ideal solution in each scenario. Extending the analysis to the whole economic system has complemented the process design and process-based analysis of prospective bioethanol production, contributing to identify indirect effects that can counterbalance the benefits. This thesis provides models, methodologies and knowledge based on the assessment of the solutions obtained in the different computation processes that is essential for the development of integrated approaches for prospective analysis of economic-energy-environmental trade-offs in a country and a specific sector.
FCT - SFRH/BD/42960/2008
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Song, Taesoo. „An intertemporal multi-sectoral model of the labor force and economic planning for Korea“. 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23735324.html.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBücher zum Thema "Multi-Sectoral models"
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Goodwin, Richard M. The dynamics of a capitalist economy: A multi-sectoral approach. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 1987.
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Hamilton, Liza, und Melissa Maitin-Shepard, Hrsg. Value Proposition and Innovative Models for Multi-Sectoral Engagement in Global Health. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/25501.
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Keizai Shingikai (Japan). Keiryō Iinkai., Hrsg. Multi-sectoral economic models for medium and long term analysis: Summary of the seventh report of the committee for econometric model analysis. [Tokyo]: Econometric Model Analysis Section, Planning Bureau, Economic Planning Agency, Govt. of Japan, 1985.
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Owuor, J. O. Food and nutrition surveillance and planning in Kilifi District, Kenya: A model for district based multi-sectoral policy formulation and planning. Nairobi: Ministry of Planning and National Development, 1995.
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Alekseev, Petr, Vladislav Antropov, Valeriy Barabanov, Mihail Bich, Mihail Zharikov, Lyubov' Krylova, Aleksey Kuznecov et al. The multi-currency standard and the global financial market. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1871448.
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The monograph was prepared by a team of authors of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation based on the results of research carried out at the expense of budgetary funds under the state assignment of the Financial University.
The directions, forms and prospects of creating a multi-currency standard in the process of transformation of the world monetary and financial system are investigated. An integral model for assessing the sectoral development of the global financial market has been developed. The possibilities of adapting the Russian financial market to innovative digital technologies in the context of the formation of a new monetary and financial paradigm are considered.
It is of interest to researchers, teachers, postgraduates, students specializing in the study of international economic relations, as well as to a wide range of readers interested in the problems of the development of the world monetary and financial system and the global financial market.
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Dynamics of a Capitalist Economy: A Multi-Sectoral Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.
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Punzo, Lionello F., und Richard M. Goodwin. The Dynamics of a Capitalist Economy: A Multi-Sectoral Approach. Westview Pr (Short Disc), 1987.
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Health, Board on Global, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Melissa Maitin-Shepard und Forum on Public?Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety. Value Proposition and Innovative Models for Multi-Sectoral Engagement in Global Health: Proceedings of a Workshop. National Academies Press, 2020.
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Health, Board on Global, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Melissa Maitin-Shepard und Forum on Public?Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety. Value Proposition and Innovative Models for Multi-Sectoral Engagement in Global Health: Proceedings of a Workshop. National Academies Press, 2020.
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Health, Board on Global, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Forum on Public-Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety, Melissa Maitin-Shepard und Liza Hamilton. Value Proposition and Innovative Models for Multi-Sectoral Engagement in Global Health: Proceedings of a Workshop. National Academies Press, 2020.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Multi-Sectoral models"
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Aaheim, Asbjørn, Anton Orlov und Jana Sillmann. „Cross-Sectoral Challenges for Adaptation Modelling“. In Springer Climate, 11–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86211-4_2.
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AbstractSocioeconomic studies on adaptation based on bottom-up approaches have been focusing mainly on local impacts of weather-related variations, thereby neglecting potential remote impacts. There is little knowledge about challenges that relate to the global and long-term character of climate change. By contrast, impact assessment studies using top-down approaches, such as multi-region, multi-sector computable general equilibrium (CGE) models, provide a consistent framework to capture potential remote impacts, which occur through cross-sectoral and cross-regional interactions. Here we present main findings of our economic impact assessments of climate change and adaption modelling. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges for incorporating adaptation measures and policies into macroeconomic models.
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Tesche, Jean. „A Multi-Sectoral Model for Estimating VAT Revenues in Hungary“. In Tax Modelling for Economies in Transition, 119–32. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14109-8_8.
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Kristianssen, Ann-Catrin, und Ragnar Andersson. „What Is a Vision Zero Policy? Lessons from a Multi-sectoral Perspective“. In The Vision Zero Handbook, 151–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76505-7_4.
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AbstractVision Zero is a term mainly connected with road traffic safety and has its roots in the Swedish road safety strategy. It was formally adopted by the Swedish parliament in 1997, and due to the initial success of lowering the number of deaths in traffic crashes significantly, it has become a role model for road safety strategies in countries and cities all over the world. In Sweden, Vision Zero for road safety has also inspired the introduction of Vision Zero policies in other sectors, and this chapter focuses on Vision Zero from a multi-sectoral perspective. The purpose of this chapter is twofold: to present five different cases of Vision Zero policies and to discuss what constitutes a Vision Zero policy based on these five cases. The five cases are found in road traffic safety, fire safety, patient safety, suicide, and workplace safety. Every case has its unique preconditions in terms of laws, actors, scope, etc., but they are also similar in relation to injury prevention and the ambition to decrease the number of deaths and serious injuries. The five Vision Zero policies are summarized by presenting the problem and problem framing, the goal, measures, and solutions as well as leading actors and governing structures. We find that the problem itself is quite self-explanatory in each case but that the problem framing and attribution of responsibility differ. All cases have on paper been inspired by the road safety strategies, but the systems approach, so intimately connected with Vision Zero, is more or less absent in the cases of fire safety and suicide. Furthermore, in the field of fire safety, responsibility is placed on the individual and on the business sector rather than based on a shared responsibility and ultimately on the system designers. In all five cases, there are a set of measures in place, but there are differences in implementation due to temporal factors and also what kind of governing and steering structures are in place. There is also a difference in internal support where the Vision Zero for suicide stands out as having less support among agencies working with the issue. Finally, the monitoring systems differ from case to case. The Vision Zero for road traffic safety stands out as having a monitoring and evaluating system based on specific safety targets ultimately aiming toward zero (management by objectives). Based on the empirical findings, we argue that besides having a clear problem and problem framing, a toolbox of measures, a monitoring system, and a governing structure, a policy based on a visionary approach with an ambition to reach zero needs additional perspectives or criteria in order to be successful: (1) a scientific approach to problem framing and solutions, (2) a comprehensive approach, (3) a long-term commitment, and (4) a system and structure based on governance. These criteria do not necessarily have to be in place in order to adopt Vision Zero, but they are a prerequisite for building a system based on Vision Zero.
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Kristianssen, Ann-Catrin, und Ragnar Andersson. „What Is a Vision Zero Policy? Lessons from a Multi-sectoral Perspective“. In The Vision Zero Handbook, 1–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23176-7_4-1.
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AbstractVision Zero is a term mainly connected with road traffic safety and has its roots in the Swedish road safety strategy. It was formally adopted by the Swedish parliament in 1997, and due to the initial success of lowering the number of deaths in traffic crashes significantly, it has become a role model for road safety strategies in countries and cities all over the world. In Sweden, Vision Zero for road safety has also inspired the introduction of Vision Zero policies in other sectors, and this chapter focuses on Vision Zero from a multi-sectoral perspective. The purpose of this chapter is twofold: to present five different cases of Vision Zero policies and to discuss what constitutes a Vision Zero policy based on these five cases. The five cases are found in road traffic safety, fire safety, patient safety, suicide, and workplace safety. Every case has its unique preconditions in terms of laws, actors, scope, etc., but they are also similar in relation to injury prevention and the ambition to decrease the number of deaths and serious injuries. The five Vision Zero policies are summarized by presenting the problem and problem framing, the goal, measures, and solutions as well as leading actors and governing structures. We find that the problem itself is quite self-explanatory in each case but that the problem framing and attribution of responsibility differ. All cases have on paper been inspired by the road safety strategies, but the systems approach, so intimately connected with Vision Zero, is more or less absent in the cases of fire safety and suicide. Furthermore, in the field of fire safety, responsibility is placed on the individual and on the business sector rather than based on a shared responsibility and ultimately on the system designers. In all five cases, there are a set of measures in place, but there are differences in implementation due to temporal factors and also what kind of governing and steering structures are in place. There is also a difference in internal support where the Vision Zero for suicide stands out as having less support among agencies working with the issue. Finally, the monitoring systems differ from case to case. The Vision Zero for road traffic safety stands out as having a monitoring and evaluating system based on specific safety targets ultimately aiming toward zero (management by objectives). Based on the empirical findings, we argue that besides having a clear problem and problem framing, a toolbox of measures, a monitoring system, and a governing structure, a policy based on a visionary approach with an ambition to reach zero needs additional perspectives or criteria in order to be successful: (1) a scientific approach to problem framing and solutions, (2) a comprehensive approach, (3) a long-term commitment, and (4) a system and structure based on governance. These criteria do not necessarily have to be in place in order to adopt Vision Zero, but they are a prerequisite for building a system based on Vision Zero.
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Higashikura, Syota, Tetsuo Tezuka, Hideaki Fujii und Takayuki Takeshita. „Economic Measures for Evaluating CO2 Emission Reduction in Japan by Using the Integrated Model of Multi-sectoral Macroeconomy and Energy“. In Zero-Carbon Energy Kyoto 2011, 61–68. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54067-0_6.
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Gualandi, Guido, und D. Williams-Gualandi. „Transformative Change Through Ecological Consumption and Production of Ancient Wheat Varieties in Tuscany, Italy“. In Fostering Transformative Change for Sustainability in the Context of Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS), 95–114. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6761-6_6.
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AbstractIn the 2016 Volume 2 of the Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review (SITR), a summary of the activities of the Grani Antichi Association in Montespertoli, Tuscany, was introduced with a roll out plan for transformative change of the supply chain and possible replication of the project in other regions. The main goal of the project has been to restore and preserve ancient varieties of wheat, cultivate them sustainably and include a form of payment for the least compensated members of the production chain. The aims of the Association are to reduce the carbon footprint of modern agricultural practices and the landslides and soil erosion caused by them, to preserve biodiversity and most importantly, to improve farmers’ revenue, enabling them to safeguard the environment and improve health by cultivating healthy food. The preservation of social ties and local knowledge is an additional result. Markers of the project’s success include benefits that are equally distributed across the production chain, farmers who are motivated to cultivate ancient wheat varieties and the conversion of 500 ha of abandoned or conventionally cultivated land to a more sustainable and biodiverse system. The market economy system in place was dismantled, and farmers now have access to more economic benefits, which must be distributed fairly. Because the project provides a transformative model of production and consumption outside the traditional market economy system, it appears to function with a complete multi-sectoral chain, where producers, food processors and consumers agree on a set price for a defined product. This chapter provides a preliminary analysis of the successes and challenges related to the main project and to upscaling in different areas.
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Grammalidis, Nikos, und Athina Grammatikopoulou. „Smart Participatory Methodologies for Sustainable Cultural Tourism in Rural Areas“. In Strategic Innovative Marketing and Tourism, 313–21. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51038-0_35.
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AbstractRural areas encompass an abundance of cultural and natural heritage that offers great potential for attracting tourism. Nevertheless, many of these regions are neglected and deserted, facing many hard problems like limited job opportunities, poverty, low literacy rates, and a lack of basic infrastructures. In order to deal with these problems, we need to boost sustainable development by promoting participatory methodologies, engaging all interested stakeholders (public authorities, tourism organizations, cultural and creative industries, local communities, marginalised social groups, etc.) in novel co-creation of new touristic products and services (including real, digital or hybrid experiences). Using effective local and remote stakeholder engagement strategies as well as by adopting modern ICT technologies for developing high added—social, educational or economic-value products and services is a key element for boosting cultural tourism in such areas. In this paper, we first review recent state of the art practices and methodologies for Sustainable Cultural Tourism (SCT) in rural areas based on participatory approaches and modern ICT technologies. The proposed methodology first brings together all relevant key stakeholders to form hybrid (both real and online) communities (“SCT Innovation Hubs, SCTIHs”). We then formulate a concept for the establishment of a multi-disciplinary and cross-sectoral co-creation ecosystem for SCTIHs, based on (a) a participatory platform for consultation, decision-making and business model canvas creation, (b) a set of easy-to-use advanced smart apps/configurators to facilitate co-creation of new engaging hybrid cultural tourism products and services and (c) a digital marketplace to distribute these products, ensuring a fair distribution of profits for the co-creators and facilitating evaluation and identification of best practices. The main contribution of this study is to identify current challenges for SCT in rural areas and attempt to meet them by proposing a bottom-up and inclusive ICT-based methodology for co-design and co-creation.
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Førsund, Finn R., und Eilev S. Jansen. „The Interplay Between Sectoral Models Based on Micro Data and Models for the National Economy“. In Production, Multi-Sectoral Growth and Planning - Essays in Memory of Leif Johansen, 109–25. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-87838-0.50011-4.
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Tan, Farrell, und Pauline Tan. „Venture Philanthropy and Its Applications in Impact Entrepreneurship and Systems Change and Private-Public Collaboration“. In Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage, 313–46. IGI Global, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-4338-8.ch012.
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Venture philanthropy utilises principles of venture capital and philanthropy. It presents a new form of high-engagement funding, progressing from traditional models of chequebook or armchair philanthropy. The capacity building, longer-term funding, and emphasis on financial sustainability reflects the management intensiveness of venture philanthropy, but with the potential for catalysing new forms of innovation and multi-sectoral partnerships.Venture philanthropy has been demonstrated to be important catalysts for impact entrepreneurship and providing new sources of unconventional financing to impact entrepreneurs. Aside from financing impact-oriented ventures, venture philanthropy has also been involved in other roles, such as policy advocacy, convening networks between the public and private sector, and initiating social innovation for new service delivery models. Finally, the chapter closes with some examples of venture philanthropy in the Asian context.
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Saito, Mitsuo, und Ichiro Tokutsu. „An International Comparison of the Multisectoral “Production Structure of the United Stat s, West Germany, and Japan“. In International Productivity and Competitiveness, 177–202. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195065152.003.0008.
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Abstract The main purpose of this chapter is to make an empirical estimation of the same multi sectoral production model for the United States, West Germany, and Japan and to make a comparison of their competitiveness in the world market on the basis of the results.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Multi-Sectoral models"
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Thelen, Michael, Guntram Pressmair, Markus Lassnig und Veronika Hornung-Prähauser. „Electric Vehicles as Flexibility Assets: Unlocking Ecosystem Collaborations: Leveraging Value Creation Partnerships for Mutually-beneficial Exchanges“. In New Business Models 2023. Maastricht University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26481/mup.2302.18.
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The trend towards energy decentralization and innovations in data-driven e-mobility have given way to a new type of electric vehicle charging; namely, smart charging and vehicle-to-grid technologies. In order to unlock the full potential of electric mobility’s flexibility, an exploratory ecosystem approach is first warranted in order to uncover stakeholder requirements, activities and (inter-)dependencies. The purpose of this research is to lay the foundation for future resilient business models in the grid-aware mobility ecosystem, which require novel multi-stakeholder collaborations. Through rigorous exploratory ecosystem modeling, flexibility recipient taxonomies, and a co-creation workshop, we have sought to uncover stakeholder intricacies in order to improve the overall innovation ecosystem value proposition. The results suggest many novel perspectives which were not considered (such as the issue of double taxation) and several prospective cross-sector business opportunities for fleet operators, vehicle OEMs, aggregators, and even public parking spaces. Additionally, stakeholders vary considerably in terms of needs, value-adding activities, (inter-)dependencies, risk, and flexibility services provided/requested, which need to be weighed and overcome on an (inter-)sectoral level.
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„Constructing a multi-sectoral SFC model including the energy sector“. In 25th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2023.kaczynski.
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Filimonenko, Irina. „A MULTI-SECTORAL MODEL OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF A RESOURCE REGION“. In 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/15/s05.002.
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Frings, Sandra, Holger Kett und Jürgen Falkner. „Enhancing a Capability Maturity Model for the Smartification of Products by a Generic Approach and a Third Dimension“. In Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI 2023) Integrating People and Intelligent Systems. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002907.
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Since decades, two-dimensional capability as well as maturity model (CMM) based approaches next to the simpler version of readiness checks are a common and structured method – within the specific focus subject and its thematic indicators (1st CMM dimension) – to determine the approximate current maturity, competence and/or capability level (2nd CMM dimension) of an organization. Hundreds of CMMs have been developed – all being made up of indicators to be fulfilled on a certain level – shown in numerous CMM literature review publications let alone in 2022 (Hoang 2022, Ünal 2022, Mirihagalla 2022). This indicates the diversity but also relevance and importance of their application domains of identifying optimization potentials (SEI 2010, Becker 2009) and delivering a structured way for transformation and change. Nevertheless, the situation with most academic two-dimensional CMMs today, is that the models 1) are very general for the subject at hand; 2) usually do not deliver understandable guidance how to define which level it needed for the intended change; 3) usually do not deliver specific measures to reach the next levels; 4) are mostly designed in such a way, that the user is not able to use them without external support; and, most importantly for this paper, 5) mix the process, human, and technology related base capability criteria within the capabilities necessary for the subject at hand. They are not separated enough which blurs the assessment result.When developing a new CMM-based method to support SMEs in the strategic decision process of the currently not very widespread subject of smartifying products, a well-balanced approach is required which also takes into account the explicitness and definiteness of the underlying dimensions as well as an acceptable effort needed for their specification. Further requirements towards such an approach are already outlined within our previous work (Frings 2021). For this paper, we focus on the need for explicitness and introduce a third dimension in our CMM. We separate the thematic aspects defined within the 11 areas of action within smartification (Frings 2022) from the cross-sectoral base capabilities grouped into general process-, human- and technology-oriented criteria – these coming from the corresponding core components of organizations. For each of the derived base capabilities which include business process integration, human competencies and capacities, as well as technological capabilities and capacities, we defined specific criteria, i. e. documentation/reporting, responsibilities and governance, rules and guidelines (compliance), and scalability. The paper will give insights into these criteria and their six different assessment levels – both specifically formulated for the smartification intent of the SME.This multi-dimensional approach contributes to more transparency in the assessment result, being able to derive more specific and appropriate measures, deliver input for completeness of the assessment topics, as well as underlines the modular approach of the smartification tool kit (Frings 2021). Our work will bring SMEs a large step closer to their strategic decisions by considering the integration of people and intelligent systems in a competitive manner to develop future service business and make more use of the advantages of the digital transformation.
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Santos, Thauan, Luan Santos, Tharcisio Fontainha, Carlos Eduardo Infante, Carol Grangeia, Annyeli Nascimento, Marco Cordon, Giovanna Tosto und Marcelo Ivo. „Diving Into Subsea Decommissioning: the Challenge of an Economic Approach Beyond Costs Model“. In ASME 2024 43rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2024-128152.
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Abstract This article aims to identify national and international studies and practical experiences in the economic analysis related to subsea decommissioning, in order to identify the best alternatives applied to the Brazilian case. Since the country has a schedule of offshore structures to be decommissioned in the coming decades, studies are needed to support public policymakers by proposing sustainable strategies in line with international standards and practices. To this end, the methodology initially used a literature review based on bibliometric analysis, using scientific publications available on the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Lastly, the article highlights the importance of the multi-criteria analysis to define decommissioning alternatives considering not only economic results, but other perspectives, such as social, environmental, and waste. As the main results, the research identifies the lack of literature and the sectoral limitations of current best practices worldwide. The main reasons for those limitations are the disparity of projects and technological and regional characteristics, and consequently difficulties for costs measurements and benchmarking; lack of professional capabilities on sustainable subsea decommissioning, limited availability of studies, and fragmented regulatory approach on this matter.
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Wu, Hong, Xiangzheng Deng, Jinyan Zhan, Feng Wu und Xing Li. „Developing a Multi-Sectoral Dynamic Applied General Equilibrium Model to Simulate the Emission Reduction of Nitrogen and Phosphorus at a Catchment Extent“. In 2009 2nd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2009.5305360.
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C, Timanoi, Mwanja M und Arasio A. „Utilization of one health ‘Kimormor’ Multi-Sectoral Outreaches for enhanced Nutrition Interventions in Migratory Pastoral Communities of Turkana County, Kenya.“ In 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.s.d-03.
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Background: According to the Integrated Phase Classification for acute malnutrition, Turkana County was ranked at critical phase (15-30% GAM rates of 27%, or ‘critical phase’ and Integrated Phase Classification 3 as food security insecure or ‘crisis phase (SMART Survey Jan 2023). Turkana County SMART Nutrition surveys 2018-2022 indicated increased stunting rates from 17.4% in 2018 to 21.9% in 2022, while in Jan 2023 the rates reduced to 21.6% due to the increased nutrition surveillance and response by various partners. Amidst the climate change crisis posed by drought and flush floods, a multi-sectoral approach in addressing maternal, child health and nutrition gaps is critical for better health outcomes for more than 50% of the population which is pastoral. This paper highlights the utilization of Kimormor Multisector Outreaches to respond to the unique needs of migratory pastoral communities in Loima Sub County, Turkana County. USAID Imarisha Jamii Intervention • To enhance health care seeking for migratory populations, Amref Health Africa in Kenya implemented the Kimormor One Health Approach. • This co-created model encompasses a multisectoral approaches on maternal and child health (MNCH) outcomes. • Through Kimormor, human and animal health is delivered to pastoral communities. • Multi-Sectoral Interventions are integrated into the Mobile Outreaches which follow the communities in their mapped migratory routes and waterpoints. Results: Through the Kimormor one health integrated outreach for one site out of 5 sites, 184 children and 40 Pregnant and lactating women (PLW) were screened for malnutrition out of these 10 and 96 children were severely malnourished and moderately malnourished respectively.25 PLWIDs were malnourished and enrolled into supplementary feeding Program (SFP). 129 children got dewormed, and 136 (under 5yrs) received Vitamin A supplementation. 16 children were fully Immunized.174 adults were able to be registered for National ID's and NHIF membership. A total of 4196 Shoats were dewormed and vaccinated against PPR disease. Conclusion • Implementation of Kimormor One health Outreach contributed to uptake of nutrition services like Vitamin A supplementation,deworming,continous growth monitoring and screening for malnutrition. • Other Multi-sector servivices which would otherwise have not been achieved in a static approach include animal health, NHIF enrollment, and maternal and child health aervices • Partnership and resource pooling among different sectors were effectively achieved which made implementation of the initiative possible. Recommendation • There is need to scale up an innovative kimormor one-health approach for migratory populations in other sub counties.
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Beuk Kovačević, Nevena. „Consequences of economic transition on demographic processes in the Baranja region in the Republic of Croatia“. In Population in Post-Yugoslav Countries: (Dis)Similarities and Perspectives. Institute of Social Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59954/ppycdsp2024.48.
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The transition of the European former socialist countries had different consequences on their development. Most of the countries did not achieve the expected successes. The border regions in this context become connectors and initiators of the cross-border cooperation, due to the relation intensification between the transition countries and the developed countries of the European Union. The research studies the impact of the transition on the integration of the Baranja within the framework of the national and wider regional market - especially in the conditions of globalization, changes in the geographical position and the meaning of borders within the framework of the European Union and the Schengen area. The area of Baranja is organized as part of the Osijek-Baranja County, organized through nine local self-government units and 52 settlements, one of which is a town. Differences in the forms and intensity of spatial processes in the transition are conditioned by the location, traffic accessibility and the change in the meaning of the main centres of work and have influenced the strengthening of negative demographic processes near the state border. A demogeographical analysis was made according to the data available from authorized databases and supplemented by the research interview method. Demographic dynamics, total population change and changes in population structures from 1991 to the recent period, 2021, were analysed. A comparison of the age index over time indicates an advanced process of senility and the absence of bioreproductive potential. Traditionally low birth rates, war events and emigration of the population have had a negative impact on the recent regional demographic and economic development. In addition to intensive emigration, which was most pronounced in the nineties and after the accession to the European Union, this cumulatively adds to the impossibility of valorising the economic potential. Despite the expected development shifts through the process of transition, in the case of the border region of Baranja, the result is the opposite. In order to confirm this, the method of calculating a synthetic indicator, the index of demographic resources, was used. The components of the index are the demographic index and the education index and clearly indicate the collapse of the demographic potential in the observed area. Microsoft Excel and Arc Map 9.3 techniques were used for tabular analysis of statistical data and visualization of selected parameters. The region lags behind the national and European average because, at the beginning of the system reforms, it was not brought to an equally position to participate in development. New opportunities for the researched area appear due to the change in geographical position by joining the European Union and the Schengen area. A possible solution to stagnation would be economic development based on a multi-sectoral model of economic development. For the stabilization of rural areas and the inclusion of Baranja in regional flows and the European market, a more coherent spatial organization is necessary, with the functional strengthening of central settlements. The construction of the Vc corridor opens numerous opportunities for networking, cross-border cooperation and territorial cohesion.
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Cieślik, Ewa. „THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN ECONOMIES IN THE ERA OF INDUSTRY 4.0 AND CHINESE DIGITAL SILK ROAD“. In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2022.0018.
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Over the recent decades, the changes in the paradigm of international trade have been observed. As the result of decreasing of trade barriers as well as the reduction in trade costs allowed companies to divide their production into stages and to locate it in different countries according to their competitive advantage. Eventually, the production process has become more fragmented, both geographically and vertically. It means that intermediate products are shipped across boarders many times and every exporting economy provides some value added according to its competitive advantage. As a result, global value chains have become one of the most important feature of international trade. Following (Gereffi & Fernandez-Stark, 2011), in this study global value chains are defined as “the full range of activities that firms and workers do to bring a product from its conception to its end use”. Humphrey and Schmitz (2002) pointed out four types of upgrading in global value chains: product, process, functional and chain. Product and process upgrading involve companies retaining their positions in global value chains by enhancing productivity gains through adopting new product processes or “new configurations of product mix”. Thus, functional upgrading involves a slicing up the global value chains into new activity which generates higher value added, e.g. own brand manufacturing. In turn, chain upgrading involves a going up to new activity, which needs higher skills and capital and value added. Milberg and Winkler (2013) offered similar classifications of upgrading. Production fragmentation has caused a rapid increase in trade in intermediate goods as often companies offshore an intermediate stage of production process. Offshoring production has been typical to manufacturing (Timmer, et al., 2012), however, services have been often overlooked, but play a major role, especially in supporting global value chains (Kommerskollegium 2013). In turn, Digital Silk Road, announced in 2015, has become a significant part of Chinese Belt and Road Initiative strategy. China has implemented this strategy as a part of its long-term technological plan, under which China provides support to its exporters, including many well-known technology companies and builds a network of cooperation with selected countries in the field of technology, including ICT infrastructure, services, 5G networks, e-commerce, etc. China's rapid technological changes must not go unnoticed by trading partners, including analysed European countries, which, to maintain international competitiveness, are increasing the technological advancement and enhancing market protection against Chinese technology. Until recently, the value added from China to European countries was concentrated mainly on medium technology industries and value added from Europe to China focused more on advanced goods and services. Nowadays, there is a redirection of Chinese value added to high-tech activities (including service activities), which reflects China's ambition to build an economy that leads to innovation and industry 4.0. The transition of the CEE states’ economic and political systems initiated in the early 1990s, earned them the EU membership in 2004. The accession to the EU’s structures meant that these countries achieved the free-market economy status and they should be treated as the full member of the global business networks. Moreover, the decline in trade costs (transport and transaction), greater openness of their market and the removal of trade barriers have all helped the CEE states to join global value chains. Hence, the CEE economies are going to be more heavily involved in global production linkages. Many empirical studies have presented the close and dynamic integration of these countries with the EU market (especially the EU-15) and in a more limited scope with the whole global economy as well (Behar and Freund 2011). Generally, democratisation, the strengthening of political and economic relations (particularly with the EU), and the modernisation of many sectors (including financial sector, more advanced industries), were common elements of the CEE countries long-term development policies. One of their priorities was the redirection of foreign trade towards the EU and joining the global production linkages where China has become the core producer. Recently, the role of the economy in global value chains is more determined by the advancement of value added that it offers. Companies move toward services and innovations in the business model (Nenenen & Storbacka, 2010) and introduce industry 4.0 (Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, 2016). A symptom of these novelty is a concept of servicification of manufacturing (Neely et al. 2011) and cross-sectoral connections, which have reconstructed traditional global value chains (Naude et al. 2019) and, together with Industry 4.0, is expected to change the landscape of global manufacturing. As a result of facilitation of manufacturing, economies placed in the downstream market can improve their role in global value chains. In Europe, this can be an opportunity for most Central and Eastern European countries. Analyzing changes in CEE’s role in technological global value chains, we should take into account its two most important value-added suppliers: China and Germany, as well as their most important value-added buyer - Germany. These three economies established a sort of value added flows triangle. The regional supply chains built by Germany in the CEE allowed it to maintain a comparative advantage in sectors important for the economy, while helping the CEE countries join global value chains, positively influencing economic growth, but also reducing them to entities operating in less advanced stages of production (Jacoby, 2010; Fortwengel, 2011). Today, Germany also cooperates strongly with China (as a result of Digital Silk Road), and the CEE economies (especially the Visegrad Group) are increasingly dependent on Chinese value added, still linked to German value added. The most visible connections can be found in automotive and electronics. Hence, the question is: how strong are these links in servicification of manufacturing and whether there are visible trends in value-added flows in between this triangle in the era of industry 4.0 and Chinese Digital Silk Road. The research question seems to be relevant, thus in the subject literature, little is known about the mentioned relations (Roland Berger, 2021). The research method based on the analysis of data from the OECD Trade in Value Added databases, containing the world input-output tables for the period 2005–2018. The system of balance equations in the input-output model for one economy has been adopted to a multi-economy model. The model is described in more detail in (Koopman et al. 2013 or Hummels et al, 2001) and is based on the decomposition of gross exports. The method includes not only estimates of total value added in global value chains, but also calculations at both the mezoeconomic level and cross-sectoral flows of value added (including servicification of manufacturing). The results of analysis showed that most relations between economies continued to deepen the imbalance in flows of value added. The CEE economies are making their manufacturing increasingly dependent on advanced services (both from Germany and China). On the other hand, the share of CEE services to Chinese and German manufacturing is decreasing or remains steady. However, some trends could be observed in the last years, especially between Germany and China. German manufacturing is starting to rely more on Chinese value added (information and communication technologies services and the subgroup computer programming, consultancy and information services activities in manufacturing, information and communication technologies services' value added in transport equipment), although previously Germany provided more of these services to China. In telecommunications in manufacturing between CEE and Germany, the trend has turned against CEE. However, there was no direct compensation between pairs of economies, but the decrease in German value-added flows to China resulted in a much larger increase in value-added from China in German manufacturing. If the presented changes in flows were to reflect the effectiveness of Chinese industry 4.0 and Digital Silk Road. These strategies serve their purposes and increases not only the advancement of Chinese value-added exports, but also makes important economies dependent on this added value. On the contrary, the industry 4.0 strategy in CEE has not improved its position in the triad. Germany has still a strong position as a provider of value added, but its dependence on foreign value added is high, which derives from the links with CEE.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Multi-Sectoral models"
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Daudelin, Francois, Lina Taing, Lucy Chen, Claudia Abreu Lopes, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe und Hamid Mehmood. Mapping WASH-related disease risk: A review of risk concepts and methods. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, Dezember 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/uxuo4751.
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The report provides a review of how risk is conceived of, modelled, and mapped in studies of infectious water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) related diseases. It focuses on spatial epidemiology of cholera, malaria and dengue to offer recommendations for the field of WASH-related disease risk mapping. The report notes a lack of consensus on the definition of disease risk in the literature, which limits the interpretability of the resulting analyses and could affect the quality of the design and direction of public health interventions. In addition, existing risk frameworks that consider disease incidence separately from community vulnerability have conceptual overlap in their components and conflate the probability and severity of disease risk into a single component. The report identifies four methods used to develop risk maps, i) observational, ii) index-based, iii) associative modelling and iv) mechanistic modelling. Observational methods are limited by a lack of historical data sets and their assumption that historical outcomes are representative of current and future risks. The more general index-based methods offer a highly flexible approach based on observed and modelled risks and can be used for partially qualitative or difficult-to-measure indicators, such as socioeconomic vulnerability. For multidimensional risk measures, indices representing different dimensions can be aggregated to form a composite index or be considered jointly without aggregation. The latter approach can distinguish between different types of disease risk such as outbreaks of high frequency/low intensity and low frequency/high intensity. Associative models, including machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), are commonly used to measure current risk, future risk (short-term for early warning systems) or risk in areas with low data availability, but concerns about bias, privacy, trust, and accountability in algorithms can limit their application. In addition, they typically do not account for gender and demographic variables that allow risk analyses for different vulnerable groups. As an alternative, mechanistic models can be used for similar purposes as well as to create spatial measures of disease transmission efficiency or to model risk outcomes from hypothetical scenarios. Mechanistic models, however, are limited by their inability to capture locally specific transmission dynamics. The report recommends that future WASH-related disease risk mapping research: - Conceptualise risk as a function of the probability and severity of a disease risk event. Probability and severity can be disaggregated into sub-components. For outbreak-prone diseases, probability can be represented by a likelihood component while severity can be disaggregated into transmission and sensitivity sub-components, where sensitivity represents factors affecting health and socioeconomic outcomes of infection. -Employ jointly considered unaggregated indices to map multidimensional risk. Individual indices representing multiple dimensions of risk should be developed using a range of methods to take advantage of their relative strengths. -Develop and apply collaborative approaches with public health officials, development organizations and relevant stakeholders to identify appropriate interventions and priority levels for different types of risk, while ensuring the needs and values of users are met in an ethical and socially responsible manner. -Enhance identification of vulnerable populations by further disaggregating risk estimates and accounting for demographic and behavioural variables and using novel data sources such as big data and citizen science. This review is the first to focus solely on WASH-related disease risk mapping and modelling. The recommendations can be used as a guide for developing spatial epidemiology models in tandem with public health officials and to help detect and develop tailored responses to WASH-related disease outbreaks that meet the needs of vulnerable populations. The report’s main target audience is modellers, public health authorities and partners responsible for co-designing and implementing multi-sectoral health interventions, with a particular emphasis on facilitating the integration of health and WASH services delivery contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3 (good health and well-being) and 6 (clean water and sanitation).
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Heresi, Rodrigo, und Daniela Villacreces Villacis. From Macroeconomic Stability to Welfare: Optimizing Fiscal Rules in Commodity-Dependent Economies. Inter-American Development Bank, Mai 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004918.
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This paper examines the welfare implications of alternative rule-based fiscal policies in an economy with financially-constrained households. Using a New Keynesian DSGE model of a multi-sectoral small and open commodity-exporting economy, we find that adopting a welfare-maximizing fiscal policy involves an actively countercyclical response to the tax revenue gap and a procyclical response to international commodity prices. Transitioning from a procyclical stance to the optimized rule regarding the tax revenue gap leads to welfare gains of approximately 1.5% and 0.1% of permanent consumption for Non-Ricardian and Ricardian consumers, respectively. Moreover, moving from a countercyclical stance to the optimized rule concerning the commodity revenue gap results in 1% and 0.02% larger welfare gains for Non-Ricardian and Ricardian consumers, respectively. In terms of implementation, social transfers are the best instrument to implement the fiscal rule, yielding higher welfare gains, lower macroeconomic volatility, and only moderate fluctuations in government spending.
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Ianchovichina, Elena. GTAP-DD: A Model for Analyzing Trade Reforms in the Presence of Duty Drawbacks. GTAP Technical Paper, März 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.tp21.
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Duty drawback schemes, which typically involve a combination of duty rebates and exemptions, are a feature of many countries' trade regimes. They are used in highly protected, developing economies as means of providing exporters with imported inputs at world prices, and thus increasing their competitiveness, while maintaining the protection on the rest of the economy. In China duty exemptions have been central to the process of trade reform and have led to a tremendous increase in processed exports utilizing imported materials. Despite the widespread use and importance of duty drawbacks, these "new trade liberalization" instruments have been given relatively little attention in empirical multilateral trade liberalization studies. This paper presents an empirical multi-region trade model GTAP-DD, an extension of GTAP, in which the effects of policy reform are differentiated based on the trade-orientation of the firms. Both GTAP and GTAP-DD are used to analyze the impact of China's WTO accession, which involves liberalization in China from 1997 to post-accession tariffs among a number of other liberalization measures. The analysis shows that failure to account of duty exemptions in the case of China's recent WTO accession will overstate the increase in : (a) China's trade flows by 40 percent, (b) China's welfare by 15 percent, and (c) exports of selected sectors by as much as 90 percent. The magnitude of the bias depends on the level of pre-intervention tariffs and the size of tariff cuts - the larger the initial distortions and tariff reductions, the larger the bias when duty drawbacks are ignored. The bias in GTAP's estimates of China's real GDP, trade flows and welfare changes due to WTO accession increases more three times when China's pre-intervention tariffs are raised from their 1997 levels to the much higher 1995 levels. These results suggest that trade liberalization studies focusing on economies in which protection is high, import concessions play an important role and planned tariff cuts are deep, must treat duty drawbacks explicitly in order to avoid serious errors in their estimates of sectoral, trade flows and welfare changes.
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Exploring the potential for private pharmacies to provide family planning services in Senegal. Population Council, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2018.1013.
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In Senegal, the National Action Plan for Family Planning (NAPFP) 2012–2015 and the National Strategic Framework for Family Planning 2016–2020 adopted a multi-sectoral approach to broaden access to family planning (FP) services and to reach 45% modern contraceptive prevalence (mCPR) by 2020 (NAPFP, 2012). The private sector and community actors are key partners with the public sector in implementing this approach. However, private pharmacies have not been actively involved in the provision of FP services due to legal and nonlegal barriers that limit their role to selling contraceptives and providing method-specific advice. As Senegal seeks to involve the private sector in improving access to FP, this study found that the country is in an optimal position to increase the role of private pharmacies in FP, which could contribute to the country reaching its mCPR goals.