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Chi, Chengdeng, Xiaoxi Li, Shuangxia Huang, Ling Chen, Yiping Zhang, Lin Li und Song Miao. „Basic principles in starch multi-scale structuration to mitigate digestibility: A review“. Trends in Food Science & Technology 109 (März 2021): 154–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.024.
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Atun, Resmiye A. „Envelopment: A Methodological Approach in Structuration of Urban Dialectics“. Open House International 41, Nr. 4 (01.12.2016): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2016-b0011.
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The visualisation and the level of abstraction of complicated organic relations within an urban setting still remains a major problem with regard to urban discipline. This paper captures the dialectic relation within the urban network, in which the interaction between the spatial process of becoming and the temporal state of being is fundamental. ‘Envelopment’ is developed from and based upon Giddens’ structuration theory. It enables visualisation of ‘relations’ and, as problem-setting matrices, allows the fundamentals of the urban network to be itemised within forms of relationships: modalities. Deleuze and Guattari’s philosophy of deterriorialisation is also adopted into urban studies to support further investigations in respect of decoding and Translating ‘modalities’ as fundamentals in achieving continuous reproduction of Envelopment-as a topological space. Generally, topological space is defined in terms of processes and relations, Vocabularies are accepted as essences of urban dialog embodied in the system, needs to be visualised and meanings to be assigned according to their role and position in the system. In envelopment, system will be considered as macro-scale, multi-scalar topology, where all other modes of relations (amongst people, space and time) can be elaborated. The language game of Wittgenstein, as a metaphoric tool allows us to explore and group the modes of relations as vocabularies; “set of modalities”, enabling dialog upon their role and position in the system. Although the approach of Envelopment can be used as a tool, in enabling the representation of the equilibrium of state and process characteristics of system; it also helps as a tool in enabling the representation of macroscopic space-time scale; enabling representation of urban development and enabling representation of change in urban narrative. The various implementation of the Envelopment will be represented as a final discussion of the paper.
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Ghosh, Surya K., und Daniel Jost. „Genome organization via loop extrusion, insights from polymer physics models“. Briefings in Functional Genomics 19, Nr. 2 (08.11.2019): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bfgp/elz023.
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Abstract Understanding how genomes fold and organize is one of the main challenges in modern biology. Recent high-throughput techniques like Hi-C, in combination with cutting-edge polymer physics models, have provided access to precise information on 3D chromosome folding to decipher the mechanisms driving such multi-scale organization. In particular, structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) proteins play an important role in the local structuration of chromatin, putatively via a loop extrusion process. Here, we review the different polymer physics models that investigate the role of SMCs in the formation of topologically associated domains (TADs) during interphase via the formation of dynamic loops. We describe the main physical ingredients, compare them and discuss their relevance against experimental observations.
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Vigneswaran, Darshan. „International Migration and Gentrification: Territorial Exclusion at National and Urban Scales“. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 38, Nr. 3 (29.08.2019): 557–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654419872507.
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Territorial exclusion is a multi-scalar phenomenon. However, research has tended to focus on exclusion at separate scales. This paper develops a conversation between research on the territorial exclusion of international migrants at the national scale and the territorial exclusion of lower- and working-class residents at the urban scale. Both strands of research have encountered a common empirical puzzle: territorially exclusive practices rarely comport with official government policies. The paper argues that these apparent “policy gaps”—and efforts to overcome them—can be more fruitfully studied as outcomes of the scalar structuration of legitimate violence, which shapes the way that policy-makers seek to achieve exclusionary goals. The paper suggests that this approach may be used as the platform for richer inter-disciplinary conversations between Human Geography and International Relations (IR) about territorial exclusion and the historical scaling and rescaling of legitimate violence over time.
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Dargaud, Olivier, Laurent Cormier, Nicolas Menguy und Gilles Patriarche. „Multi-scale structuration of glasses: Observations of phase separation and nanoscale heterogeneities in glasses by Z-contrast scanning electron transmission microscopy“. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 358, Nr. 10 (Mai 2012): 1257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2012.02.026.
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Prasad, Sameer, James Jaffe, Kuntal Bhattacharyya, Jasmine Tata und Donna Marshall. „Value supply chains at the base of the pyramid: studies of past and present textile networks“. Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 7, Nr. 3 (04.12.2017): 304–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-02-2017-0002.
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Purpose Billions of entrepreneurs at the Base of the Pyramid (BoP) operate as small-scale producers within multi-tiered supply chain networks. Unfortunately, a majority of these entrepreneurs are simply unable to derive sufficient value from the network and are vulnerable to disasters and poverty. The purpose of this paper is to develop a typology that examines dynamic and triadic power relationships in order to create value chains for BoP producers. Design/methodology/approach This paper builds upon the available literature and a relevant historical case study to develop a typology. The validity of the typology is ascertained by examining and comparing two current BoP silk weaver communities in India. Findings The typology captures essential environmental variables and relates them to mediated and non-mediated forms of power which, in turn, shape the value derived from the supply chain network. Practical implications The typology provides specific recommendations for BoP producers, such as the formation of cooperatives, engaging in political unionization and ensuring that their social networks expand beyond local communities. Originality/value The typology brings together structuration theory and power and provides a framework for understanding supply value. This typology is generalizable to dynamic multi-tiered supply chain networks.
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Flak, Leif, Hans Solli-Sæther und Detmar Straub. „A Theory of Multi-Realization of IT Value: Toward Construct Clarity in the Co-Development of Large Platforms“. MIS Quarterly 45, Nr. 3 (01.09.2022): 1739–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25300/misq/2022/14492.
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Realizing or appropriating value from individual firm-level IT investments has been a recurring theme in the IS literature for decades. Further, failure rates related to IT investments have been high for many years. However, realizing value from IT in settings where numerous organizations need to work together to co-develop sizable digital platforms has been undertheorized and/or hobbled with conflated theoretical constructs. To address this dearth of novel theory and accompanying empiricism, high-quality processes such as benefits management have been suggested in the scientific literature and have gained substantial interest in practice as a means for organizations to structure their routines and processes in ways that actually capture value. The complexity of this challenge suggests that there should be a renewed theoretical effort in IS to reconceptualize several extant scholarly streams. We address this challenge first by deconstructing traditional scholarly frameworks into a moderated theoretical model of multi-creation and multi-realization of IT value termed “MUIT.” The first construct in the model is based on the resource-based view; then, the model is further informed by appropriation theory, adaptive structuration theory, network governance theory, and, finally, the benefits management literature. Our variance model is a Type IV theory according to Gregor’s typology—a theory for explaining and predicting how large-scale strategic consortia can collaborate to realize greater value from IT than they could in isolation. Regarding praxis, we contribute to the understanding of how interorganizational resources and capabilities, relationships, and value realization can be spring-boarded into both successful large-scale platforms and superior realization of benefits.
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Gautier, Montan, Pierre-Arthur Moreau, Béatrice Boury und Franck Richard. „Unravelling the French National Fungal Database: Geography, Temporality, Taxonomy and Ecology of the Recorded Diversity“. Journal of Fungi 8, Nr. 9 (31.08.2022): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8090926.
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Large datasets are highly valuable resources to investigate multi-scale patterns of organisms, and lay foundations for citizen science-based conservation strategies. Here, we used 1,043,262 records from 1708 to 2021 to explore the geography, taxonomy, ecology and distribution patterns of 11,556 fungal taxa in metropolitan France. Our analysis reveals a four-phase pattern of temporal recording, with a main contribution of post-1977 observations in relation with the structuration of associative mycology. The dataset shows an uneven geography of fungal recording. Four clusters of high-intensity sampling scattered across France contrast with poorly documented areas, including the Mediterranean. Basidiomycota and Agaricales highly dominate the dataset, accounting for 88.8 and 50.4% of records, respectively. The dataset is composed of many rare taxa, with 61.2% of them showing fewer than 100 records, and 20.5% recorded only once. The analysis of metadata brings to light a preponderance of the mycorrhizal guild (44.6%), followed by litter saprotrophs (31.6%) and wood saprotrophs (18.1%). Highly documented forests (76.3% of records) contrast with poorly investigated artificial (6.43%) and open habitats (10.1%). This work provides the first comprehensive overview of fungal diversity in France and identifies the Mediterranean area and open habitats as priorities to integrate into a global strategy for fungal conservation in France.
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Fernández, Jose D., Daniel Lobo, Gema M. Martn, René Doursat und Francisco J. Vico. „Emergent Diversity in an Open-Ended Evolving Virtual Community“. Artificial Life 18, Nr. 2 (April 2012): 199–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00059.
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Understanding the dynamics of biodiversity has become an important line of research in theoretical ecology and, in particular, conservation biology. However, studying the evolution of ecological communities under traditional modeling approaches based on differential calculus requires species' characteristics to be predefined, which limits the generality of the results. An alternative but less standardized methodology relies on intensive computer simulation of evolving communities made of simple, explicitly described individuals. We study here the formation, evolution, and diversity dynamics of a community of virtual plants with a novel individual-centered model involving three different scales: the genetic, the developmental, and the physiological scales. It constitutes an original attempt at combining development, evolution, and population dynamics (based on multi-agent interactions) into one comprehensive, yet simple model. In this world, we observe that our simulated plants evolve increasingly elaborate canopies, which are capable of intercepting ever greater amounts of light. Generated morphologies vary from the simplest one-branch structure of promoter plants to a complex arborization of several hundred thousand branches in highly evolved variants. On the population scale, the heterogeneous spatial structuration of the plant community at each generation depends solely on the evolution of its component plants. Using this virtual data, the morphologies and the dynamics of diversity production were analyzed by various statistical methods, based on genotypic and phenotypic distance metrics. The results demonstrate that diversity can spontaneously emerge in a community of mutually interacting individuals under the influence of specific environmental conditions.
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Baudin, Lucie, Monika Sitko, Cédric Garion, Paolo Chiggiato, Francesco Delloro, Fabrice Gaslain, Mohamed Sennour et al. „Morphological and Chemical Characterization of Laser Treated Surface on Copper“. Key Engineering Materials 813 (Juli 2019): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.813.254.
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Electron multipacting and electron cloud have been identified as being the major limiting factors for the beam quality or for the cryogenic system of high-intensity positive particles accelerators. Among conditioning operational techniques and other surface structuration techniques used to decrease the Secondary Electron Yield (SEY) of surfaces, laser surface treatment is a promising method to treat in situ and at atmospheric pressure copper surface of the vacuum chamber. Here, pulsed laser irradiation of copper in parallel lines pattern led to the local ablation and deposition of aggregates of copper particulates on the surface. Tests undertaken at CERN have shown that the modification of the surface morphology by creating roughness at different scales induces a decrease of the SEY by geometrical effects. Nevertheless, the mechanical strength and dust generation of the treated surface have not been addressed yet.In this work, a qualitative analysis of the multi-scale description of the surface morphology was carried out. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Focused Ion Beam (FIB), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were used to investigate morphological characterization such as size and shape of the particulates, chemical composition, metallographic structures and phase transformation on the laser-processed surface.SEM and FIB examinations showed that the surface morphology depends on the local laser energy irradiating the surface and especially, relatively to the ablation threshold. TEM analysis revealed chemical composition and crystalline configuration of the treated material and helped to identify the laser modified and oxidized areas. A variety of superficial structures were observed. Potential vulnerable structures have been identified as oxidized matter redeposited on the ablated near surface. Material continuity and composition play a major role in the mechanical integrity of the generated surface morphology. The adherence of the created structures was assessed analyzing the origin of the dust extracted after mechanical stress.
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Oliveira, Fernando Fernandes de. „Corporação, espaço e organização reticular: notas conceituais“. Ateliê Geográfico 12, Nr. 2 (18.08.2018): 164–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ag.v12i2.53348.
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Resumo
As corporações exercem evidente papel ante a estruturação espacial no capitalismo. Tal racionalidade perpassa pela incessante busca por difusão das condições produtivas indispensáveis à reprodução dos capitais numa escala ampliada de ação. O presente ensaio busca resgatar criticamente uma abordagem de estudos econômicos e geográficos que tiveram importância no entendimento da relação entre corporação, espaço, organização em rede e dos laços político-econômicos atados junto ao aparato institucional do Estado. Mira, nessa condição, dar continuidade aos amparos teóricos que visam conferir inteligibilidade para as tramas espaciais da grande corporação, assim compreendida como objeto de apreciação da Geografia.
Palavras-chave: Corporação multilocalizada, estrutura organizacional, redes, Estado.
Abstract
The corporations exert an apparent role regarding the spatial organization of capitalism. Such rationality passes through the unceasing search for diffusion of the productive conditions indispensable to the reproduction of capital in an extended action scale. The present paper seeks to redeem critically an approach of economic and geographic studies which had importance in the understanding of the relation among corporation, space, network organization and political-economic ties bound along with the State institutional apparatus. Aiming, in this condition, to give continuity to the theoretical support which aims at granting intelligibility for spatial plots of the great corporation, thus understood as Geography’s subject of appreciation.
Keywords: Multi-local corporation, organizational structure, networks, State.
Résumé
Les corporations exercent un rôle évident devant la structuration spatiale au capitalisme. Telle rationalité traverse l’incessante recherche de diffusion des conditions productives indispensables à la reproduction du capital dans une échelle agrandie d’action. Le présent essai a comme objectif récupérer, de façon critique, une approche d’études économiques et géographiques qui ont joué un rôle important dans l’entendement de la relation entre la corporation, l’espace, l’organisation en réseau et les liens politico-économiques attachés à l’appareil institutionnel d’État. Il vise, sous cette condition, poursuivre les supports théoriques qui confèrent l’intelligibilité aux relations spatiales de la grande corporation, ainsi comprise comme objet d’appréciation de la Géographie.
Mots clé: Corporation multi localisée, structure organisationnelle, réseaux, État.
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Agarwal, Ankit, Vinay Arya, Bhushan Golani, Chirodeep Bakli und Suman Chakraborty. „Mapping fluid structuration to flow enhancement in nanofluidic channels“. Journal of Chemical Physics 158, Nr. 21 (01.06.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0140765.
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Fluid flow in miniature devices is often characterized by a boundary “slip” at the wall, as opposed to the classical paradigm of a “no-slip” boundary condition. While the traditional mathematical description of fluid flow as expressed by the differential forms of mass and momentum conservation equations may still suffice in explaining the resulting flow physics, one inevitable challenge against a correct quantitative depiction of the flow velocities from such considerations remains in ascertaining the correct slip velocity at the wall in accordance with the complex and convoluted interplay of exclusive interfacial phenomena over molecular scales. Here, we report an analytic engine that applies combined physics-based and data-driven modeling to arrive at a quantitative depiction of the interfacial slip via a molecular-dynamics-trained machine learning algorithm premised on fluid structuration at the wall. The resulting mapping of the system parameters to a single signature data that bridges the molecular and continuum descriptions is envisaged to be a preferred computationally inexpensive route as opposed to expensive multi-scale or molecular simulations that may otherwise be inadequate to resolve the flow features over experimentally tractable physical scales.
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Morse, Wayde C. „Protected area tourism and management as a social-ecological complex adaptive system“. Frontiers in Sustainable Tourism 2 (01.09.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frsut.2023.1187402.
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This article presents a mini review of systems and resilience approaches to tourism analysis and to protected area management, and of how the Social-Ecological Complex Adaptive Systems (SECAS) framework can help link them together. SECAS is a unique framework that integrates social theories (structuration) and ecological theories (hierarchical patch dynamics) and examines inputs, outputs, and feedback across a variety of hierarchically nested social and ecological systems. After an introduction to the need for continued theoretical development, this article continues with a review of the origins and previous applications of the SECAS framework. I subsequently highlight how complex adaptive systems and resilience have been presented in the literature as a way to separately study (1) protected area management, (2) protected area tourism/ecotourism, and (3) land-use change in adjacent forest and agricultural landscapes. The purpose of this article is to build on the frameworks described in this literature and link them through the SECAS framework. I populate the SECAS framework with components identified in the literature on protected area management, ecotourism, and land-use change to present an example of a full systems perspective. Each component also represents a hierarchically nested system, such as a governance system, health system, or transportation system. I conclude with a three-step (5-part) multi-scale and temporal method for SECAS research derived from hierarchy and structuration theories.
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Dharma, Ferry Adhi, Liestianingsih Dwi Dayanti, Toetik Koesbardiati und Normadiah Daud. „THE DYNAMICS OF AGENT-STRUCTURE IN RITUAL COMMUNICATION OF THE SACRED GRAVE PILGRIMAGE“. al-Balagh : Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi 9, Nr. 1 (27.03.2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/albalagh.v9i1.7930.
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This study aims to reveal the agent-structure relationship that occurs from the phenomenon of sacred grave pilgrimage in Dewi Sekardadu, Sidoarjo through the structuration theory by Anthony Giddens’s perspective as well as ritual communication studies. The type of this research is qualitative with ethnographic methods. This research uses a multi-site ethnographic method, namely by comparing historical facts at all Dewi Sekardadu’s sacred graves spread across four cities involving Sidoarjo, Gresik, Lamongan and Banyuwangi. The key informants were door-keepers, grave caretakers, community leaders, pilgrims and businessmen. The research data was collected by direct observation and participant observation, in-depth interviews and documentations. Then obtained data was analyzed using structuration theory and ritual communication studies. The result of this research had theoretical implications that support and reject Gidden’s sight. First, the proficient agents in Kepetingan have succeeded in changing the stigma of Kepetingan from a criminal area to a religious area through the development of folklore and ritual communication practices. Second, Giddens does not assume any clustering of agents of society for instance the caretaker cluster which has dominance on national scale but not in society, because the appointment process is considered less sacred. Third, Nyadran community structure occurred among indigenous fisherman from Bluru Kidul and Balongdowo which created to the grave pilgrims community structure in Kepetingan which was inhabited by urban fisherman from Gresik dan Lamongan regency.
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Agogué, Marie Caroline, Catherine Loisel, Olivier Gonçalves, Jack Legrand, Sylvaine Saint‐Jalmes und Abdellah Arhaliass. „Multi‐scale study of the structuration of candle blends with a high content of vegetable fats to replace paraffins: Effect of 12‐hydroxystearic acid content“. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 21.08.2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12625.
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