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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Multi-Omiques“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Multi-Omiques"
Nicolle, Rémy, Yuna Blum, Laetitia Marisa, Nelson Dusetti und Juan Iovanna. „Des approches multi-omiques dévoilent de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques pour le traitement du cancer du pancréas“. médecine/sciences 34, Nr. 5 (Mai 2018): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20183405003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGorvel, Laurent, Anne-Sophie Chretien, Stéphane Fattori, Marie-Sarah Rouviere, Philippe Rochigneux, Anthony Goncalves und Daniel Olive. „Apport de l’intelligence artificielle aux données multi-omiques dans les cancers du sein traités par chimiothérapie néo-adjuvante“. médecine/sciences 38, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2022): 772–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2022121.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCastets, Marie, und Cindy Gallerne. „SHARE-4KIDS : une base nationale de données multi-omiques en cancérologie pédiatrique pour partager les données et accélérer la prévention et le soin“. Innovations & Thérapeutiques en Oncologie 10, Nr. 1 (01.01.2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/ito.2024.423.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Multi-Omiques"
Wery, Méline. „Identification de signature causale pathologie par intégration de données multi-omiques“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1S071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSystematic erythematosus lupus is an example of a complex, heterogeneous and multifactorial disease. The identification of signature that can explain the cause of a disease remains an important challenge for the stratification of patients. Classic statistical analysis can hardly be applied when population of interest are heterogeneous and they do not highlight the cause. This thesis presents two methods that answer those issues. First, a transomic model is described in order to structure all the omic data, using semantic Web (RDF). Its supplying is based on a patient-centric approach. SPARQL query interrogates this model and allow the identification of expression Individually-Consistent Trait Loci (eICTLs). It a reasoning association between a SNP and a gene whose the presence of the SNP impact the variation of its gene expression. Those elements provide a reduction of omics data dimension and show a more informative contribution than genomic data. This first method are omics data-driven. Then, the second method is based on the existing regulation dependancies in biological networks. By combining the dynamic of biological system with the formal concept analysis, the generated stable states are automatically classified. This classification enables the enrichment of biological signature, which caracterised a phenotype. Moreover, new hybrid phenotype is identified
Masson, Aymeric. „Approches multi-omiques des anomalies transcriptionnelles dans les maladies rares du développement“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCI006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGene expression occurs through the transcription process in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, which produces RNAs, essential intermediates for protein formation. RNA synthesis and fate are controlled by a complex network of factors, among which are regulatory non-coding DNA sequences that ensure precise spatio-temporal regulation of gene expression and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNP), able to bind RNA molecules and contributing to their maturation, stability, and localization.The current standard approach for molecular exploration of patients with developmental disorders (DD) and/or intellectual disabilities (ID) uses a combination of chromosomal analysis using DNA microarrays, fragile X testing, exome sequencing, and more recently, genome sequencing to establish a molecular diagnosis. These approaches yield a diagnostic yield of less than 50% for DD/ID. However, the analyses sometimes reveal the presence of variations of uncertain significance in candidate genes not yet implicated in human pathology. Functional tests are then necessary to establish a correct genotype-phenotype correlation. In this way, pathogenic variations have been identified in two candidate genes encoding hnRNPs involved in RNA metabolism: PTBP1 and PTBP2. The aim of this first study is to describe the cellular pathophysiological mechanism related to transcriptional defects causing syndromic (for PTBP1) or non-syndromic (for PTBP2) neurodevelopmental impairment using in vitro and in vivo functional molecular approaches including RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-seq) in a cohort of affected individuals.In some cases, genomic analysis identifiy complex structural variations that can disrupt the sequence of a dosage-sensitive gene, alter the activity of an enhancer, or exert position effects on gene expression by altering enhancer/target gene interactions. These molecular communications are facilitated within topological associating domains (TADs), which play an important role in tissue-specific transcriptional regulation. Consequently, any structural variation that reorganizes TADs (fusion, shuffling or even new TAD) can lead to an alteration in gene expression. In this context, the goal of this second research project is to characterize, through high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C), the complex rearrangements in patients reorganizing the structure of TADs. Combined with other omic techniques such as long fragment sequencing, transcriptomic or epigenomic analysis, this approach allows the study of the underlying molecular mechanisms on different cellular models derived from affected individuals.These research efforts highlight the physiopathological impact of punctual and structural genetic variations on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of target genes and pave the way for new biological hypotheses in the context of translational research in human pathology
Bodein, Antoine. „Mise en place d'approches bioinformatiques innovantes pour l'intégration de données multi-omiques longitudinales“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69592.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNew high-throughput «omics» technologies, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and metagenomics, have expanded considerably in recent years. Independently, each omics technology is an essential source of knowledge for the study of the human genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and also its microbiota, thus making it possible to identify biomarkers leading to diseases, to identify therapeutic targets, to establish preventive diagnoses and to increase knowledge of living organisms. Cost reduction and ease of multi-omics data acquisition resulted in new experimental designs based on time series in which the same biological sample is sequenced, measured and quantified at several measurement times. Thanks to the combined study of omics technologies and time series, it is possible to capture the changes in expression that take place in a dynamic system for each molecule and get a comprehensive view of the multi-omics interactions, which was inaccessible with a simple standard omics approach. However, dealing with this amount of multi-omics data faces new challenges: continuous technological evolution, large volumes of produced data, heterogeneity, variety of omics data and interpretation of integration results require new analysis methods and innovative tools, capable of identifying useful elements through this multitude of information. In this perspective, we propose several tools and methods to face the challenges related to the integration and interpretation of these particular multi-omics data. Finally, integration of longidinal multi-omics data offers prospects in fields such as precision medicine or for environmental and industrial applications. Democratisation of multi-omics analyses and the implementation of innovative integration and interpretation methods will definitely lead to a deeper understanding of eco-systems biology.
Cogne, Yannick. „Bioinformatique pour l’exploration de la diversité inter-espèces et inter-populations : hétérogénéité & données multi-omiques“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT033/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe exploitation of omics data combining transcriptomic and proteomic enables the detailed study of the molecular mechanisms of non-model organisms exposed to an environmental stress. The assembly of data from the RNA-seq of non-model organism enables to produce the protein database for the interpretation of spectra generated in shotgun proteomics. In this context, the aim of the PhD work was to optimize the interpretation and analysis of proteomic data through the development of innovative concepts for the construction of protein databases and the exploration of biodiversity. The first step focused on the development of a pretreatment method for RNA-seq data based on proteomic attribution results. The second step was to work on reducing the size of the databases by optimizing the parameters of the automated coding region search. The optimized method enabled the analysis of 7 taxonomic groups of Gammarids representative of the diversity found in natura. The proteomic databases thus produced enabled the inter-population analysis of 40 individual Gammarus pulex proteomes from two sampling sites (polluted vs reference). Statistical analysis based on an "individual" approach has shown an heterogeneity of the biological response within a population of organisms induced by an environmental stress. Different subclusters of molecular mechanisms response have been identified. Finally, the study of the transversality of the biomarkers peptides identified with Gammarus fossarum revealed which are the common ones using both proteomic and transcriptomic data. For this purpose, a software for the exploration of peptide sequences has been developed suggesting potential substitute biomarkers when the defined peptides are not available for some species of gammarids. All these concepts aim to improve the interpretation of data by proteogenomics. This work opens the door to the multi-omic analysis of individuals collected in natura by considering inter-species and intra-population biodiversity
Sérazin, Céline. „Raffinement de l'identité des lymphocytes T régulateurs CD8+ chez l'Homme grâce à l'utilisation des technologies multi-omiques“. Thesis, Nantes Université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NANU1016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCD8+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) were the first suppressive cells reported in 1970, but they were put aside for years due to a lack of markers to properly define them. Our team demonstrated that CD8+ Tregs identified by low and/or negative expression of CD45RC, one the isoforms of the CO45 molecule, show potent suppressive activity in vitro and in vivo, while cells expressing high levels of CO45RC do not. Herein, we addressed the heterogeneity within CD8+ T lymphocytes, particularly in CD8+CD45RClow/- Tregs and identified new markers. These analyses enabled the characterization of the transcriptomic heterogeneity at a single cell level from non-stimulated total CD8+ T cells and allowed definition of regulatory CD8+CD45RClow/- Treg subsets. Functional analysis using cell sorting and suppressive assays highlighted the suppressive potential of the CD8+CD45RClow/- TNFR2+CD29low Tregs subset. To date, to our knowledge, this is the largest characterization study of human CD8+ Tregs, this huge data resource will help in the current revival of CD8+ Tregs in research, will improve our understanding of T cell heterogeneity and will help translate CD8+ Tregs to the clinic
Allioux, Maxime. „Etudes physiologiques et multi-omiques de métabolismes du soufre présents dans les écosystèmes hydrothermaux : Physiological and multi-omics studies of microbial sulfur metabolisms present in hydrothermal ecosystems“. Thesis, Brest, 2021. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03789624.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHydrothermal vents host a vast microbial diversity, both at the taxonomic and metabolic levels. These ecosystems are qualified as extreme, because they harbor harsh physico-chemical gradients. Sulfur is omnipresent in these environments, and it can be used by a large diversity of microorganisms for oxidation or reduction reactions.However, the sulfur cycle remains partially unknown in these ecosystems. The objective of this thesis was to study the poorly documented or thermodynamically predicted metabolisms of the sulfur cycle in hydrothermal ecosystems, namely the dismutation of inorganic sulfur compounds, the catabolism of organosulfur compounds and the comproportionation of sulfur. Four new inorganic sulfur compound disproportionating taxa were discovered during this study and extensive genomic analyses were conducted to decipher the pathways of inorganic sulfur compound dismutation. Comparative genomics analyses identified a gene cluster potentially involved in elemental sulfur dismutation in marine hydrothermal bacteria, but this result will need to be confirmed by functional approaches.Finally, the microbial communities of the geographically isolated hot springs from the Kerguelen Islands were studied by metagenomics, revealing the presence of many new lineages of bacteria and archaea in these previously unstudied habitats
Canouil, Mickaël. „Développement et application de méthodologies statistiques pour études multi-omiques dans le diabète de type 2 : au-delà de l'ère des études d'association pangénomiques“. Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S017/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have resulted in the identification of several dozen of genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contributing to type 2 diabetes.More generally, GWAS have identified thousands of SNPs contributing to complex diseases in humans.However, the functional characterization and biological mechanisms involving these SNPs and genes remain largely to be explored. Indeed, the consequences of these polymorphisms are complex and little known.One direct consequence of the SNPs is the alteration of the protein encoded by a gene, or even a complete transcriptional gene silencing (e.g. codon stop in the sequence). Furthermore, these polymorphisms may have a regulatory role in gene expression, for example, by interfering with the binding of transcription factors and enzymes involved in DNA methylation.Despite the strong associations of identified SNPs, they cannot explain the full heritability of type 2 diabetes, suggesting interactions mechanisms between the different layers of -omics, such as genomics, transcriptomics and Epigenomics.The shift of paradigm in statistical genetics and the availability of transcriptomic and epigenomic data are responsible for the evolution of the discipline, moving from association studies to multi-omics, and providing insights on the functional aspect of the SNPs or genes involved, and in some cases allowing to evaluate the causal link of these variants on the pathology.The methodological developments and their applications proposed in this thesis are various, ranging from a similar approach to GWAS, leveraging the longitudinal data available in some cohorts (e.g. D.E.S.I.R.), using an joint model approach; the functional characterisation of candidate genes in insulin secretion by a multi tissue transcriptomic study and transcriptomic study in a cell model; the identification of a new candidate gene (PDGFA) involved in the deregulation of the insulin\\\'s pathway in type 2 diabetes through epigenetic and transcriptomic mechanisms; and finally, the characterisation of the effect on the transcriptome of two substitutes of bisphenol A in a primary adipocyte model.The increase of knowledge in biological processes involving SNPs and genes identified by GWAS could enable the development of more effective diagnostic strategies, and the identification of therapeutic targets for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and associated complications (e.g., insulin resistance, NAFLD, cancer, etc.).More generally, these multi-omics studies pave the way for the emerging approach of precision medicine, allowing the treatment and prevention of pathologies while taking into account what makes the specificity of an individual, namely his genome and his environment, both interacting on his transcriptome and his epigenome
Paix, Benoît. „Etude des dynamiques spatio-temporelles des interactions entre le microbiote et le métabolome de surface de la macroalgue Taonia atomaria par une approche multi-omiques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs ecosystems engineers and primary producers, marine seaweeds play important roles for other organisms. Chemical interactions with epiphytic microorganisms seem particularly important for their physiology. However, macroalgae-microbiota relationships and the role of environmental parameters remains poorly investigated. The main objective of this PhD thesis was to understand how vary the epiphytic prokaryotic community of the brown alga Taonia atomaria, in relationship with variations of the surface metabolome of the host and what is the influence of the environment on these variations which shape this holobiont model. A multi-omics approach coupling prokaryotic communities studies by metabarcoding and surface metabolites studies by an optimized metabolomics analysis, has been jointly conducted, together with further analyses such as flow cytometry. Studies have thus revealed that the epiphytic microbial community of T. atomaria was specific in comparison with the biofilm communities of rocky substrates, and planktonic ones, suggesting a possible role of the surface metabolome in the structuring of the microbiota. Otherwise, important co-variations between the metabolome and the microbiota at the algal surface were observed at different levels, whether at the thallus or biogeographical scale, or during temporal dynamics. Some environmental parameters seem to be particularly involved in these interactions, such as temperature, copper contamination, but also irradiance. In a context of Global Change, this work provides new perspectives allowing to better understand dynamics of macroalgal-holobionts
Gantzer, Justine. „Integrative multi-omics characterization of mesenchymal tumors“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAJ056.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis work takes the form of three independent projects aimed at better characterizing three mesenchymal tumors through an integrative multi-omics approach.The thoracic undifferentiated SMARCA4-deficient tumors (SMARCA4-UT), initially classified as "sarcomas," appeared to respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) similarly to other SWI/SNF-deficient tumors, despite no characterization of their tumor microenvironment (TME) being done to understand this response. Through immunostaining and transcriptomic analysis, we highlighted a desert-like TME with limited ICI efficacy, linked to the tumor’s cell of origin. Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) form a heterogeneous group of tumors co-expressing melanocytic and smooth muscle markers, with two distinct molecular types identified. Our analysis demonstrated that there are additional rearrangements beyond those involving TFE3 and provided a prognostic transcriptomic classification of four PEComa subtypes, each enriched with a unique genomic profile and presenting different therapeutic vulnerabilities. Desmoid tumors (TDs) are benign, locally aggressive tumors with poorly understood heterogeneity in tumor evolution. Our analyses revealed that more than 50% of TDs had mutations in chromatin remodeling genes and that among the two identified transcriptomic subtypes, the immuno-myogenic subtype, with a transcriptomic program similar to muscles, activated immune pathways suggesting a potential therapeutic benefit from ICIs
Thareja, Gaurav. „Mapping the adaptive landscape of cancer cells using a multiomics approach“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL075.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCancer is considered primarily a disease of the cell. Some cancer cells gain an adaptive advantage under the selective pressure of a dynamic microenvironment that allows them to outcompete other cancer cells, promoting their expansion. Therefore, this thesis aims to map cancer cells' adaptive landscape using a multiomics approach. The genome-wide association study showed the effect of germline mutations on the expression levels of 64 cancer proteins listed in OncoKB and allowed the identification of 17 therapeutically exploitable oncogenes. I further demonstrated that different co-culture conditions led to activating and inhibiting signaling pathways in the cancer cells that help them adapt to specific niches. Finally, these cancer cells can modulate extrinsic signals in sentinel lymph nodes that lead to the acquisition of new metastatic properties. These studies generally show the adaptive nature and evolutionary trajectory of cancer cells
Buchteile zum Thema "Multi-Omiques"
BONNAFFOUX, Arnaud. „Inférence de réseaux de régulation de gènes à partir de données dynamiques multi-échelles“. In Approches symboliques de la modélisation et de l’analyse des systèmes biologiques, 7–50. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9029.ch1.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDÉJEAN, Sébastien, und Kim-Anh LÊ CAO. „Modèles multivariés pour l’intégration de données et la sélection de biomarqueurs dans les données omiques“. In Intégration de données biologiques, 211–69. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9030.ch7.
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