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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Multi-omique“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Multi-omique"
Dutertre, Charles-Antoine, und Florent Ginhoux. „Identification des cellules dendritiques inflammatoires par analyse multi-omique“. médecine/sciences 36, Nr. 11 (November 2020): 976–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2020152.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZhu, Y. Y. J., A. Soria, R. Farah, Y. Chantran, T. R. Moreau, M. Cescato, F. Maillet et al. „Étude multi-omique de patients atteints du syndrome SITRAME“. La Revue de Médecine Interne 44 (Dezember 2023): A328—A329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2023.10.013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRuf-Zamojski, F. „Multi-omique à l’échelle cellulaire : pour une meilleure compréhension de l’hypophyse et de ses pathologies“. Annales d'Endocrinologie 84, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2023): 500–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2023.07.004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBenkirane, H., S. Michiels und P. Cournède. „Réseaux de neurones et intégration multi-omique pour la survie : quelles stratégies pour un meilleur apprentissage de représentation ?“ Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 70 (Mai 2022): S94—S95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2022.03.017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMartin, Jean-Charles, Karima Bencharif, Bruno Berthet, Nathalie Banzet, Romain Bott, Catherine Defoort und Marie-Christine Alessi. „Évaluation de l’exposition d’adipocytes humains sous-cutanés en culture aux acides linoléiques conjugués par une approche multi-omique“. Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides 18, Nr. 6 (November 2011): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl.2011.0413.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIperi, C., Á. Fernández-Ochoa, J. O. Pers, G. Barturen, M. E. Alarcon-Riquelme, C. C. Precisesads, R. Quirantes-Piné et al. „L’intégration d’une analyse multi-omique révèle des altérations métaboliques des lymphocytes B au cours du lupus érythémateux systémique“. Revue du Rhumatisme 91 (Dezember 2024): A142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rhum.2024.10.447.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Multi-omique"
Mareschal, Sylvain. „Caractérisation multi-omique des Lymphomes B Diffus à Grandes Cellules“. Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUES046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDiffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are tumors originating in the lymphatic system, accounting for 4 000 new cases per year in France. While much progress has been made regarding their treatment, one of three patients still does not respond to current immuno-chemotherapies. The present work consisted in characterizing these cancers using various high-throughput technologies, in order to identify somatic alterations that could explain this refractoriness or allow it to be suspected at diagnosis. Gene expression profiling had previously identified two subtypes with distinct outcomes, termed « Activated B-Cell like » and « Germinal Center B-cell like », which we were able to identify using a new simple diagnostic test. The development of bioinformatics software to handle CGH array data confirmed several copy number gains and losses in DLBCLs, and led to a more precise characterization of CDKN2A loss. Finally the sequencing of 14 exomes of relapsed or refractory DLBCLs produced an interesting picture of somatic mutations associated with this phenotype, and highlighted several new leads. An extensive review of the bibliography is proposed on each of these three aspects of tumoral genome alteration, as well as several new bioinformatics methods that may be applied to distinct cancer types in a near future
Crespo, Marion. „Analyse multi-omique des acylations de lysines d'histones pendant la gamétogénèse“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV066.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe innovative aspect of this project lies in the study of acylations at lysine 27 from histone H3 (H3K27), conventionally studied in a methylated or an acetylated form. We performed this work on meiotic and post-meiotic mouse germ cells. Spermiogenesis, which involves a specific expression program as well as a fine regulation of transcription, is a process that is particularly well suited to understanding the roles of new histone modifications. This work combines the use of four different omics approaches, namely proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics and ChIP- sequencing to decipher the regulation of acylations on H3K27.In the first part of this project, we explored the dynamics of acetylation and crotonylation on histone lysines during the processes of yeast sporulation and mouse spermatogenesis, which allowed us to highlight in particular crotonylated H3K27. Its accumulation on the histone variant H3.3 and its important stoichiometry compared to the acetylated form H3K27ac in mouse post-meiotic germ cells led us to study the genomic distribution of this mark by ChIP-seq analysis. The comparative analysis of H3K27ac and H3K27cr revealed a synergy between the presence of these acylations at both promoters and distal enhancers, suggesting a possible alternation of the two marks to regulate transcription. At the promoter level, we observed an increase of these modifications between the meiotic and post-meiotic stages upstream of the genes characteristic of spermiogenesis. In addition, the simultaneous presence of the two marks coincides with the co-localization of several transcriptional regulators specific for this process (SLY, SOX30) and of chromatin-binding proteins (BRD4, BORIS and CTCF), whereas a binding selectivity is observed when H3K27ac and H3K27cr are identified alone at promoters. Interestingly, we observe similar results at enhancers as well as super-enhancers, confirming that the regulation of transcription is modulated by the alternative presence of these two acylations.The second part of my thesis focused on the study of the possible propionylation and butyrylation of H3K27 during yeast sporulation and mouse spermatogenesis. However, this part proved to be full of surprises because the MS/MS analyses and the comparison with the corresponding synthetic peptides did not make it possible to validate a propionylation and a butyrylation on H3K27. It turned out that the modifications observed on H3K27 from mouse histones were strictly isobaric with these known modifications, but of a different nature, since they are more hydrophilic. Several hypotheses were tested in order to determine the structure of these modifications, but at the time of finalizing this manuscript, we have not found out what it is all about.My PhD work contributes further to the idea of a dynamics between acetylation and acylations on lysine residues at the origin of the differential binding of chromatin-binding proteins responsible for regulating transcription. It also highlighted an important role of H3K27crat enhancers which are not classically considered in studies aiming at understanding the roles of new acylations
Puig, Lombardi Emilia Maria. „Conséquences de la stabilisation des G-quadruplex (G4) dans le génome humain ; une approche multi-omique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. https://theses.hal.science/tel-03055043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNucleic acid G-quadruplex (G4) secondary structures play important biological roles in multiple cellular processes (telomere maintenance, cellular and viral replication, genome rearrangements, DNA damage response, epigenetic, transcriptional regulation). G4 potential motifs are scattered throughout the genome and, depending on the algorithms used to identify them in silico, their number varies and may reach several hundreds of thousands. Recently, the development of small molecules able to stabilise these structures opened the possibility of probing and/or interfering with their formation, allowing to examine the associated biological processes and developing anti-cancer agents. Work in our research unit, using natural and site-directed mutated human minisatellite sequences in yeast treated with different G4 ligands, showed that not all G4 sequences display the same potential to induce G4-dependent genome instability during replication. Namely, G4 structures carrying very short interconnecting loops between the G-runs are more stable in vitro and correlatively, are more prone to trigger genome instability in vivo. At the extreme, the G4s with the consensus G3N1G3N1G3N1G3 motif (where N is any nucleotide) – herein called G4-L1 – carry the higher potential to fold and trigger instability. This raises the unresolved questions of how these ‘at risk’ sequences are formed in vivo, maintained in genomes and how they evolve. To address these issues, we have used up–to-date bioinformatics, analytical and biological approaches to: (1) map, annotate and compare G4-L1 motifs in the human genome, using the hg38 reference and the 1000 Genomes project variation information to assess common polymorphism, as well as examine their maintenance across over 500 species; (2) characterize, using various human cell lines and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) approaches, the potential of these sequences to mutate or induce perturbations upon treatments with G4 ligands; and (3) to improve our understanding of the roles of stable G4s in transcription, we have associated gene expression with the frequency of canonical G4 motifs near gene by combined G4 ligand/genomic analyses in fibrosarcoma cells
Ngo, Carine. „Caractérisation de l’hétérogénéité moléculaire des sarcomes épithélioïdes par analyse multi-omique et transcriptomique sur cellule unique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL085.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEpithelioid sarcoma (EpS) is an ultra- rare, aggressive sarcoma, occurring in all age groups, with two traditionally recognized clinicopathological entities – the distal and proximal subtypes – suggesting the presence of inter-tumor heterogeneity. Like rhabdoid tumors in infants, EpS is characterized by the loss of SMARCB1, a core subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex. Using bulk multi-omics and single-cell transcriptomic data, we identified two molecular transcriptomic subtypes – “distal-like” and “proximal-like" – which only partly overlap with the traditional clinicopathological entities. The distal-like molecular subtype of tumors, which included all distal morphological subtypes and a subset of proximal and mixed subtypes, expressed specific epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers including DSG2 (desmoglein 2), which might be routinely assessed by immunohistochemistry. They also displayed higher density of peritumoral CD8+ T cells and pro-tumoral myeloid cells. By contrast, the proximal-like molecular subtype of tumors, which was associated with worse outcome, displayed a higher density of intratumoral pro-tumoral M2 macrophages and high inter-tumoral heterogeneity, with some cases resembling other SMARCB1-deficient tumors by DNA methylation profiling. The identification of these two molecular subtypes open new opportunities for treatment, understanding of biology and future translational research in EpS
Galati, Gianni. „Étude de la synthèse des furocoumarines chez le panais par des approches d'ingénierie métabolique et de multi-omique“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0065/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlants are subjected to many environmental stresses during their life. Faced with these constraints, plants have developed different strategies during their evolution. The most emblematic is the establishment of a specialized metabolism, represented by a great chemical and functional diversity. Although this metabolism has been studied more and more in recent years, many gaps remain, related in particular (i) to the complexity of the metabolomic changes generated by the perception of stress, (ii) to the costs and benefits that these metabolites impute to the producing plant, and (iii) to the metabolic pathways leading to the diversity of compounds. To cope with these different issues, we adopted a strategy combining approaches of phytochemistry, molecular biology and genetics. First, we studied global metabolic changes caused by the application of two environmental stresses, ozone and mechanical wounding, on parsnip. The obtained results allowed us to identify 40 metabolites differentially accumulated under these conditions, including some furocoumarins. Subsequently, we focused our study on these molecules by evaluating their accumulation profiles under mechanical wounding stress condition, using differential analyzes. From this data, we initiated the search and identification of candidate genes potentially involved in this pathway based on transcriptomic and genomic parsnip libraries analyses. The function of the selected genes was evaluated by heterologous expression approach in yeast. In parallel to this work, we have developed a strategy to better understand the metabolic cost of specialized metabolites synthesis. To do this, we have adapted a multigene cloning method to furocoumarines, allowing to transfer several genes involved in the same pathway in a plant, in a single operation. This method allowed us to initiate the generation of stable lines having integrated the first two genes of the pathway. These plants will be compared to wild plants and will thus allow to study the metabolic and physiological costs of the introduction of this new biosynthetic pathway and its benefits in terms of plant defense
Galati, Gianni. „Étude de la synthèse des furocoumarines chez le panais par des approches d'ingénierie métabolique et de multi-omique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0065.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlants are subjected to many environmental stresses during their life. Faced with these constraints, plants have developed different strategies during their evolution. The most emblematic is the establishment of a specialized metabolism, represented by a great chemical and functional diversity. Although this metabolism has been studied more and more in recent years, many gaps remain, related in particular (i) to the complexity of the metabolomic changes generated by the perception of stress, (ii) to the costs and benefits that these metabolites impute to the producing plant, and (iii) to the metabolic pathways leading to the diversity of compounds. To cope with these different issues, we adopted a strategy combining approaches of phytochemistry, molecular biology and genetics. First, we studied global metabolic changes caused by the application of two environmental stresses, ozone and mechanical wounding, on parsnip. The obtained results allowed us to identify 40 metabolites differentially accumulated under these conditions, including some furocoumarins. Subsequently, we focused our study on these molecules by evaluating their accumulation profiles under mechanical wounding stress condition, using differential analyzes. From this data, we initiated the search and identification of candidate genes potentially involved in this pathway based on transcriptomic and genomic parsnip libraries analyses. The function of the selected genes was evaluated by heterologous expression approach in yeast. In parallel to this work, we have developed a strategy to better understand the metabolic cost of specialized metabolites synthesis. To do this, we have adapted a multigene cloning method to furocoumarines, allowing to transfer several genes involved in the same pathway in a plant, in a single operation. This method allowed us to initiate the generation of stable lines having integrated the first two genes of the pathway. These plants will be compared to wild plants and will thus allow to study the metabolic and physiological costs of the introduction of this new biosynthetic pathway and its benefits in terms of plant defense
Le, Corre Anne-Claire. „Approche multi-échelles (élevage, cellule, -omique) des mécanismes de transmission inter-espèces d’Anaplasma phagocytophilum et de sa circulation chez les bovins“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1073.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular alphaproteobacterium, mainly transmitted by Ixodes ticks. It is the causative agent of bovine and human granulocytic anaplasmosis and can infect various mammalian species, including rodents and wild ruminants. Several epidemiological cycles may coexist in Europe. In particular, human and bovine strains seem to belong to distinct cycles, which leads to the hypothesis that cattle strain are not zoonotic. Due to its intracellular location in vivo inside granulocyte neutrophils, A. phagocytophilum culture is challenging and leads to several methodological difficulties. This explains why few studies have so far been performed in order to explore the interactions between this bacterium and its host species (mammals and ticks). In order to investigate these interactions at different levels, I performed four complementary studies. First, our epidemiological study in cattle herd highlighted the genetic diversity of strains circulating in the herds and challenges the role of cattle as a reservoir for A. phagocytophilum. The infections of endothelial cells that we performed to study the role of these cells as niche cells and/or determinants of species barrier during A. phagocytophilum infection led us to consider that endothelial cells could host A. phagocytophilum during their transmission from dermis to blood, without allowing their multiplication. For studying A. phagocytophilum transcriptomic reactions during the transmission from tick to vertebrate host, we submitted infected tick cells to heat shocks. Our results suggest that few transcriptomic events are induced during this transmission. Nevertheless, A. phagocytophilum is able to respond to non-physiological heat stress. We identified differentially expressed proteins, which could play an important role during tick or mammal infection. The yeast two hybrid analysis allowed us to detect three host cell interactors to APH_0032, an A. phagocytophilum vacuolar membrane protein. This technique could be applied for studying the molecular interactions involving proteins that where differentially expressed during heat shock, for example. Finally, our four complementary studies raise the question of the basis for such genetic variability and host diversity within an obligate intracellular bacterium and open up a wide field of perspectives
Le, boulch Pauline. „Déterminants moléculaires de la résistance au puceron vert (Myzus persicae) chez le pêcher (Prunus persica) : étude multi-omique des réponses à l'infestation“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Avignon, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AVIG0371.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOf the many pests that plants face, aphids are certainly the most damaging to crops due to their rapid multiplication, the direct damage they cause and the plant pathogenic viruses they transmit. The green peach aphid (Myzus persicae, Sulzer) is a generalist pest that attacks a wide range of plants including peach, its primary host, but also numerous secondary hosts from various botanical families including different cultivated species. Previous work has highlighted peach accessions with resistance to M. persicae conferred by the Rm locus that was characterised by an antixenosis phenomenon that rapidly causing the aphids to leave. The objective of our study was to identify, using an integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics approach, the factors involved in the expression of resistance to M. persicae in peach trees in order to obtain a quasi-exhaustive description of the biological functions activated or repressed by the infestation. We compared the responses to infestation of two peach genotypes, GF305 susceptible to M. persicae and Rubira carrying the Rm2 resistance gene, 48 h post-infestation, a period corresponding to the effective establishment of Rm2-induced resistance.Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of the two peach varieties revealed a very limited response of GF305 to infestation while profound reconfigurations in Rubira were observed. The transcriptional reconfiguration resulted in a repression of genes involved in growth and development functions and an overexpression of defence genes, indicating a reorientation of cell function towards defence. This observation was confirmed by the significant reduction in metabolic pools of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur and by the accumulation of caffeic acid conjugates with anti-appetent or toxic properties towards aphids. Among the defence genes, the overexpression of PRR and NLR receptors suggested a joint activation of both branches of the plant immune system, PTI and ETI. Furthermore, the enrichment of oxidative stress-related genes, coupled with the activation of H2O2-generating metabolic pathways such as photorespiratory glyoxylate synthesis and P5C/proline futile cycle activation, underlineed the probable involvement of ROS synthesis in Rubira resistance to M. persicae. The appearance of necrotic lesions indicative of a hypersensitive reaction could also be attributed to an oxidative burst in response to infestation. The triggering of an acquired systemic response was also suggested by the activation of salicylic and pipecolic acid metabolism. Finally, as the involvement of pipecolic acid in plant resistance to aphids is poorly documented and in order to determine the role of this compound in peach resistance, the effect of an exogenous supply of pipecolic acid on the escape behaviour of M. persicae and on the development of aphid colonies, as well as on the metabolic profile of the apices was investigated. Although this experiment did not show the capacity of pipecolic acid to induce resistance, it provided new informations concerning the metabolic markers inducible by this molecule. To conclude, this work illustrates the extent and complexity of the expression of resistance to M. persicae conferred by Rm2 and underlines the interest of integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic data for the analysis of the plant/aphid interaction. This functional knowledge will be crucial in order to exploit natural sources of resistance and sustainably control aphid populations
Benkirane, Hakim. „Deep learning methods for the integration of multi-omics and histopathology data for precision medicine in oncology“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASR022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePrecision medicine is an emerging approach for disease treatment and prevention that takes into account individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle. The objective it to predict more accurately which treatment and prevention strategies for a particular disease will work in which groups of people. In oncology, precision medicine comes with a drastic increase in the data that is collected for each individual, characterized by a large diversity of data sources. Advanced cancer patients receiving cancer treatment, for instance, are often subject to a complete molecular profiling, on top of clinical profiling and pathology images. As a consequence, integration methods for multi-modal data (image, clinical, molecular) is a critical issue to allow the definition of individual predictive models. This thesis tackles the development of computational models and learning strategies adept at deciphering complex, high-dimensional interactions. A significant focus is also placed on the explainability of these AI-driven models, ensuring that predictions are understandable and clinically actionable
Pobel, Cédric. „Characterization of de novo metastatic prostate cancer : an ancillary study of the PEACE-1 phase 3 clinical trial“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL118.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDe novo metastatic castration sensitive prostate cancer (dnmCSPC) represents 5-10% of PC diagnoses but causes 50% of PC-related deaths. In this ancillary study of the PEACE1 trial, we hypothesized that aggressive or neuroendocrine-like variants could be detected at diagnosis. We centrally retrieved paraffin-embedded biopsies at diagnosis from PEACE1 (NCT01957436) trial patients for immunochemistry (IHC), next generation sequencing (NGS) and transcriptomic analyses. From the 1172 dnmCSPC patients randomized in PEACE-1, 595 had a paraffin-embedded sample collected and centrally reviewed. In IHC, at least oneneuroendocrine marker (among synaptophysin, CD56 or chromogranin A) was expressed in 26.2% of patients and was independently associated with a shorter overall survival (HR=1.53, CI95%[1.14-2.06], p=0.005). No biomarker predicted the benefit of abiraterone. The alteration of at least 2 genes among TP53, PTEN and/or RB1 was independently associated with worse prognosis (HR=2.63, CI95%[1.10-6.30], p=0.03). At a gene expression level, we found an AR pathway under-expression with an E2F and G2M pathway over-expression in non-responder patients. A high neuroendocrine signature and a low androgen receptor signature expression was associated with worse outcomes. Altogether, we show at a multiple omics level that neuroendocrine features are present at diagnosis in dnmCSPC and are associated with worse prognosis