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Dissertationen zum Thema „Movement Perception“
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1
Toward, Jeffrey I. „Procedural knowledge and movement perception“. Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5726.
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2
St-Jacques, Pierre. „Representing the perception of movement“. The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1328553315.
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3
Whitaker, D. J. „Displacement thresholds in oscillatory movement perception“. Thesis, University of Bradford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376695.
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4
Brown, Kenneth Scott. „The perception of motion“. Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14581.
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Extracting a motion signal for a two-dimensional contour requires the human visual system to derive a velocity vector from the spatially limited receptive fields of motion sensitive cortical cells. An individual cell's response may not specify the contour's true velocity. Models of motion often combine the outputs of different classes of receptive fields to generate a reliable motion signal. Their efficacy was tested by comparing their predictions with human psychophysical performance. The perceived speed of co-linear inclined line segments in horizontal translation was subject to a bias in favour of the local components of the contour. Single tilted lines were also subject to a bias in perceived speed. Experiments investigated the effects of grouping, co-linearity, eccentricity, terminator proximity and stimulus uncertainty on perceived speed and clearly showed that the perceived velocity of line segments is not obtained by a simple averaging process of local velocity signals and veridical velocity signals of line terminators. Variation of the spatial position of terminators was sufficient to abolish the bias in perceived speed of horizontally drifting inclined lines. Neither "vector-average" nor "winner-take-all" rules are sufficient to account for this. The method of integration of one-dimensional components into two-dimensional plaid patterns was explored in two experiments recording thresholds for perceived rotation of drifting plaids. Type II plaids are not subject to the oblique effect found for rotation discrimination thresholds for type IS plaids. Plaid rotation induced by a speed change in one of the components showed that direction perception does not follow a strict interpretation of the "intersection of constraints rule". As current models of motion integration fail to provide a full account of the perceived speed and direction of two-dimensional patterns; higher-order attentional processes should be incorporated into models of motion perception.
5
Heffernan, Dorothy Dagmar. „Perceptuo-motor calibration and the perception of affordances following rapid growth in adolescence“. Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1998. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24310.
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Adolescence is usually considered to be a time of transition from child to adult. However, studies of perceptuo-motor control have tended to focus on infants and young children or on adults, despite indications that the actions of adolescent children are poorly coordinated. This thesis examines the adolescent growth spurt and resulting recalibration of perceptuo-motor control with respect to the coordination of movement. The first four experiments compared the performance of boys aged 12 and 13 (the age when a growth spurt is most likely to be in progress) with older (aged 14 and 15) and younger (aged 10 and 11) boys on tasks where their knowledge of their ability to perform certain actions was observed. These tasks examined actions ranging from placing objects on surfaces in front of them, reaching up to place objects on high shelves, stepping across gaps and walking along balance beams. In agreement with previous research, the younger children tended to overestimate their ability more than the older children. However, overall the poorest match between predictions and actual actions was observed in the 12 and 13 year old boys. In particular, they appeared to have a problem identifying the critical point beyond which they could no longer maintain balance during an action. This was linked to complex changes which take place in conjunction with height increases at adolescence: moments of inertia of body segments change and this must be taken into account when planning actions. The last three experiments examined the relationship between growth and performance on forward and upward reach as well as on a task where children used long sticks to increase their forward reach. In this case, the performance of boys aged 12 and 13 who had grown substantially over the previous six months differed substantially from that of boys of the same age who had grown only a small amount. Again, differences were most notable when it was necessary to identify the critical point beyond which balance could not be maintained: this was particularly apparent when reaching with long sticks. The High Growth boys greatly overestimated their ability in comparison to the Low Growth boys. The results of the thesis highlight the perceptuo-motor changes which accompany rapid growth and demonstrate that adult patterns of movement are unlikely to be in place until the child has learned to take account of changes in height, limb length and the moments of inertia of their body and limb segments. Until this has happened, it is likely that the adolescent will occasionally perform poorly planned and coordinated movements, especially in unfamiliar situations.
6
Tackett, Jared Franklin. „Directing Movement and the Perception of Space“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33437.
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An investigation on how architectural elements can direct movement and affect the way we perceive space. The idea is implemented in the design of a playground and pavilion for Elkhorn Lake, located in Jenkins, Kentucky.
Wall, column, color, roof, and floor are explored to create a variety of spatial arrangements that affect ways of perceiving and moving through the pavilion and playground.Master of Architecture
7
Roche, Aidan Dominic. „Hand movement, perception, control, imitation & neural activity“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501780.
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8
Davidson, Jane Whitfield. „The perception of expressive movement in music performance“. Thesis, Online version, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.292586.
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9
Kerr, J. S. „Eye movement correlates of cognitive processes“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381065.
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10
Knopp, Benjamin [Verfasser], und Dominik [Akademischer Betreuer] Endres. „Perception of Human Movement Based on Modular Movement Primitives / Benjamin Knopp ; Betreuer: Dominik Endres“. Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1235139409/34.
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11
Johns, Alun M. „The movement of cyclopean contours“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300054.
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12
Yan, Wing-fai. „Eye movement measurement for clinical applications using pattern recognition /“. [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1988. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12434024.
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13
Helm, Fabian [Verfasser]. „Execution and perception of effector-specific movement deceptions / Fabian Helm“. Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1120891094/34.
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14
Davies, M. N. O. „The perception of relative movement and the control of action“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235374.
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15
Wolf, Oliver. „Affinity with artefacts : humans' perception of movement in technological objects“. Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2018. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/44045.
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It is commonly accepted that our relation to inanimate objects is different than to biological entities. When movement comes into play, however, this relation can bring about ambiguities and transfigure familiar relationships between the animate and the world of things. This thesis investigates this relationship and the role of movement. The main focus is on humans' perception of movement, in particular how this affects the relationship to technological objects. It is a known phenomenon that humans tend to focus on life and lifelike processes. This propensity affects the creation as well as the observation of things. As social and emotional beings, humans experience a living presence of objects, and tend to not treat them as dead matter. Apparent for example in emotional attachments to devices like the computer, cell phones or robots. We have a long-standing practice of projecting social roles onto our surrounding as a way to relate and interact with things in the world. Differences in these relationships are affected by the appearance as well as movement of things, a phenomenon that is well-established, for instance, in cognitive psychology and gestalt/animation theory, where it has been demonstrated that abstract objects and shapes, when they move, tend to be interpreted less object-like and more as social and animate beings. Equally, in human-robot interaction, studies with real robots illustrate that people tend to 'anthropomorphise,' and attribute life-like properties to these technological objects with certain human or animal characteristics. The affinity towards the living affects not only the experience and observation but also the creation of technologically animated things. For a long time artists and inventors have been trying to mimic nature and develop technology simulating life-like qualities. These creations, as reported in this thesis, manifest for instance through animated creatures, artistic sculptures and artefacts, the creation of artificial systems, and robotics. The aim of this thesis is to learn more about the role of movement for human perception of the animate/inanimate by presenting movement as the common denominator on three levels. First, this thesis contributes to the understanding of the phenomena by bringing together work from various contexts and as such presenting an interdisciplinary approach to the topic. Second, as a result, a novel methodology is presented that provides a relational approach to examine move ment as a determinant of variances in the interpretation of an entity. Based on a feature-space, used to compare peoples' interpretative relationship to entities, the method allows to evaluate how an entity's movement characteristic affect the way thoughts and actions are directed to them. Third, results are obtained from the application of the methodology in an empirical study, assessing peoples' interpretation of a ready-made object, a technologically modified hairbrush moving autonomously. These show that the movement of an everyday object motivates an interpretation closer to humans and animals. The results correspond to the findings mentioned above. However, as the empirical work brings together people and an autonomously acting robotic object, which lacks anthropomorphic/zoomorphic or mechanoid morphology, in a real world scenario, it transfers these findings from cognitive psychology and computer graphic animation to the field of human-robot interaction.
16
Mazzoni, Pietro. „Spatial perception and movement planning in the posterior parietal cortex“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12263.
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17
甄榮輝 und Wing-fai Yan. „Eye movement measurement for clinical applications using pattern recognition“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31209026.
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18
Berger, Robert C. „Visual search for moving stimuli : the role of a movement filter“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297122.
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19
Henderson, A. Steven. „The effects of imposed image movement on visual disappearances /“. Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63951.
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20
Toombs, Paul. „Reinforcement learning of visually guided spatial goal directed movement“. Thesis, University of Stirling, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2603.
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A range of visually guided, spatial goal directed tasks are investigated, using a computational neuroethology approach. Animats are embedded within a bounded, 2-D environment, and map a 1-D visual array, through a convolution network, to a topography preserving motor array that stochastically determines the direction of movement. Temporal difference reinforcement learning modifies the convolution network in response to a reinforcement signal received only at the goal location. Three forms of visual coding are compared: multiscale coding, where the visual array is convolved by Laplacian of Gaussian filters at a range of spatial scales before convolution to determine the motor array; rectified multiscale coding, where the multiscale array is split into positive and negative components; and intensity coding, where the unfiltered visual array is convolved to determine the motor array. After learning, animats are examined in terms of performance, behaviour and internal structure. When animats learn to approach a solitary circle, of randomly varying contrast, rectified multiscale coding animats learn to outperform multiscale and intensity coding animats in both independent and coarse scale noise conditions. Analysis of the learned internal structure shows that rectified multiscale filtering facilitates learning by enabling detection of the circle at scales least affected by noise. Cartwright and Collett (1983) showed that honeybees learn the angle subtended by a featureless landmark to guide movement to a food source at a fixed distance from the landmark, and furthermore, when tested with only the edges of the landmark, still search in the same location. In a simulation of this experiment, animats are reinforced for moving to where the angle subtended by a solitary circle falls within a certain range. Rectified multiscale filtering leads to better performing animats, with fewer hidden units, in both independent and coarse scale visual noise conditions, though for different reasons in each case. Only those animats with rectified multiscale filtering, that learn in the presence of coarse scale noise, show similar generalisation to the honeybees. Collett, Cartwright and Smith (1986) trained gerbils to search at locations relative to arrangemments of landmarks and tested their search patterns in modifications of the training arrangements. These experiments are simulated with landmark distance coded as either a 1-D intensity array, or a 2-D vector array, plus a simple compass sense. Vector coding animats significantly outperform those using intensity coding and do so with fewer hidden units. Furthermore, vector coding animats show a close match to gerbil behaviour in tests with modified landmark arrangements.
21
Koesling, Hendrik. „Visual perception of location, orientation and length an eye movement approach /“. [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967950880.
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22
Piwek, Lukasz. „Perception of emotion in social interactions from body movement and voice“. Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5191/.
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The central theme of this thesis was to examine different aspects related to the observation and judgement of emotions from the body movement and voice of two actors engaged in social interaction. There were four major goals related to this theme. The first goal was to create a novel stimulus set for the study of emotional social interactions. The second was to validate the created stimulus set by examining emotion perception in ways similar to that done with single actor displays. The third goal was to examine the effect of degrading visual and auditory information on the perception of emotional social interactions. The final goal was focused on the multimodal integration of emotional signals from body movement and voice. Initially, a stimulus set was created that incorporated body movement and dialogue between two actors in brief, natural interactions that were happy, angry or neutral at different levels of intensity. The stimulus set was captured using a Vicon motion and voice capture system and included a group of nine professional and non-professional actors. This resulted in a corpus of 756 dyadic, multimodal, emotional interactions. A series of experiments were conducted presenting participants with visual point-light displays, auditory voice dialogues or combinations of both visual and auditory displays. Observers could accurately identify happy and angry interactions from dyadic displays and voice. The intensity of expressions influenced the accuracy of the emotional identification but only for angry rather than happy displays. After validation of the stimulus set, a subset was selected for further studies. Various methods of auditory and visual distortion were tested separately for each modality to examine the effect of those distortions on recognition of emotions from body movement and voice. Results for dyadic point-light displays followed similar findings from single actor displays that inversion and scrambling decreased the overall accuracy of emotion judgements. An effect of viewpoint was also found, indicating that observation of interaction from a side viewpoint was easier for emotion detection than observation of interaction from an oblique viewpoint. In the case of voice, methods of brown noise and low-pass filtering were shown to degrade emotion identification. However, with both visual and auditory methods of distortion, participants were still able to identify emotions above the level of chance, suggesting high sensitivity to emotional cues in a social context. In the final set of studies, the stimulus set was used in a multimodal context to examine the perception of emotion from movement and voice in dyadic social interactions. It was repeatedly found that voice dominated body movement as a cue to emotions when observing social interactions. Participants were less accurate and slower in emotion discrimination when they were making judgements from body movement only, compared to conditions when movement was combined with dialogue or when dialogue was presented on its own. Even when participants watched emotionally mismatched displays with combined movement and voice, they predominantly oriented their responses towards the voice rather than movement. This auditory dominance persisted even when the reliability of the auditory signal was degraded with brown noise or low-pass filtering, although visual information had some effect on judgements of emotion when it was combined with a degraded auditory signal. These results suggest that when judging emotions from observed social interactions, we rely primarily on vocal cues from conversation rather than visual cues from body movement.
23
Forster, J. „Motion-induced position shifts in visual perception tasks and eye movement“. Thesis, City, University of London, 2018. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/19926/.
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Movement has an effect upon the perceived spatial position of moving objects, such that they are not perceived at their instantaneous spatial position. Vision scientists named this phenomenon motion-induced position shift (MIPS). The reason, neural loci, and the mechanisms causing the positional illusion have challenged scientists over the last century. Nowadays, many vehicles, such as cars, planes and submarines are equipped with onboard computers containing touchscreens. Active controls of those on-board computers require visuomotor-actions, which could be affected by perceptual illusions, but also require time, and attention. Hence, it is becoming more crucial to fully understand how the visual system generates visuomotor-guided actions, and how it copes with visual illusions. Human-machine interactions could be designed such that perceptual illusions would be 1) avoided, or 2) predicted, and considered in human actions, or such that 3) the user interacted with visuomotor actions that resisted visual illusions. One alternative to finger points towards on-board computers is saccadic eye movements. The saccadic system is very fast, and therefore, would not require as much time and attention as a finger point task towards the touch screen. Saccades are constantly facing the challenge of localising objects, which makes it interesting to study how they cope with visual illusions like the motion-induced position shift. The purpose of this thesis was to establish if the saccadic system was affected by the motion-induced position shift in the same manner as the perceptual system was affected. I confirmed that movement had an effect upon the perceived spatial position of moving objects in perception-tasks and in volitional saccades. A previous study showed that reflexive saccades resisted the illusion, indicating that they were more accurate than other visually guided actions. I replicated these results, but claimed that the results are not representative. As a consequence, there is no evidence that reflexive saccades do escape the visual illusion while volitional saccades do not.
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Starke, Sandra Dorothee. „Biomechanics and visual perception of movement in sound and lame horses“. Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618325.
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Lameness is the most common medical complaint amongst domestic horses. Consequently, lameness assessment skills are expected of veterinary graduates as a day one skill by the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons. However, recognising lameness is inherently difficult, especially for mild cases: even experienced assessors regularly disagree on the affected limb. The impact of a resulting misdiagnosis can be profound for both horse and owner. Even today, the biomechanical changes associated with lameness and the mechanisms of subjective clinical decision making are far from understood. Not surprisingly, there is currently no standardised way to teach students the 'art' of lameness detection. Hence, this thesis investigated core elements of the lameness examination in the framework of task analysis, combining biomechanics, vision science and educational research. Mechanical principles of movement asymmetry adaptations associated with locomotion of sound and lame horses on the straight, circle and after flexion tests were investigated. Subjective perception and objective quantification of asymmetry were compared, ranging from detection thresholds of naIve observers to factors influencing experienced veterinarians. Student performance at different stages was evaluated to understand the foundations students bring to future training. Expert visual approaches to lameness detection were quantified by means of eyetracking, investigating whether general principles can be derived to guide teaching. This work showed that it is possible to model and consequently simplify movement adaptations during lameness for future computer based training tools, however a systematic asymmetry bias of sound horses during lunging and after limb flexion needs to be considered. Differences between visual perception and objective quantification of asymmetry highlight the need for further exploration of perception-based diagnostics. While experts used relatively similar approaches when examining horses on the straight, there were considerable differences during assessment on the circle; in future, it would be of benefit to. develop a reliable and uniform assessment strategy.
25
Johnson, Walter William. „Studies in motion extrapolation /“. The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487265143146004.
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26
Brunner, Ann. „Self-understanding through movement : experimental dimensions of education /“. The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487261553058714.
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27
Cevallos, Barragan Carlos. „THE RESONANCE OF BIOLOGICAL MOTION THROUGH VISUAL PERCEPTION IN THE HUMAN BRAIN“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/235472.
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Taking research as a tool to learn how new technology can develop new diagnosis and treatment methods in the physical field, takes place the education in motor sciences. On one hand, current research has shed light into novel methods to improve motor performance for athletes as well as for people learning new motor gestures. On the other hand it has also helped to improve treatment efficiency for people suffering motor cerebral lesions like: cerebrovascular attack (CVA) and cerebral palsy. This doctoral thesis addresses different protocols to analyze motor gestures and brain oscillations through visual perception.Our brain encompasses a changing symphony of oscillating activity throughout our lives. Up to the time we are born, we are ready to feel and move to interact with our world. Our senses develop rapidly and we start to perceive the world and learn. We visually perceive and process big amounts of information on a daily basis. At the same time we see movements from ourselves and from others in order to communicate and interact with our environment. We watch the world move. Moreover, from the links that exist between motor and sensory systems in human beings we may approach individual motor activity as a loop between a control (brain) over the effectors (muscles) which act, perceive and send the information back to the control source.The present group of works presented in this doctoral thesis is based on the correlation between human brain scalp activity, measured by means of electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, visual perception and its interpretation through different approaches.Doctorat en Sciences de la motricité
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Weast, Julie A. „Informational constraints on perception of maximum reach-with-jump for others“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1377872708.
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29
Hendicott, Peter Leslie. „Spatial perception and progressive addition lenses“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16468/1/Peter_Hendicott_Thesis.pdf.
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Progressive addition lenses (PALs) are an increasingly preferred mode for the correction of presbyopia, gaining an increased share of the prescription lens market. Sales volumes are likely to increase over the next few years, given the increasing cohort of presbyopic patients in the population. This research investigated adaptation to PAL wear, investigating head movement parameters with and without progressive lenses in everyday visual tasks, and examined symptoms of spatial distortions and illusory movement in a crossover wearing trial of three PAL designs. Minimum displacement thresholds in the presence and absence of head movement were also investigated across the lens designs.
Experiment 1 investigated head movements in two common visual tasks, a wordprocessing copy task, and a visual search task designed to replicate a natural environment task such as looking for products on supermarket shelving. Head movement parameters derived from this experiment were used to set head movement amplitude and velocity in the third experiment investigating minimum displacement thresholds across three PAL designs. Head movements were recorded with a Polhemus Inside Track head movement monitoring system which allows real time six degrees of freedom measurement of head position. Head position in azimuth, elevation and roll was extracted from the head movement recorder output, and data for head movement angular extent, average velocity (amplitude/duration) and peak velocity were calculated for horizontal head movements
Results of the first experiment indicate a task dependent effect on head movement peak and average velocity, with both median head movement average and peak velocity being faster in the copy task. Visual task and visual processing demands were also shown to affect the slope of the main sequence of head movement velocity on head movement amplitude, with steeper slope in the copy task. A steeper slope, indicating a faster head movement velocity for a given head movement amplitude, was found for head movements during the copy task than in the search task. Processing demands within the copy task were also shown to affect the main sequence slopes of velocity on amplitude, with flatter slopes associated with the need for head movement to bring gaze to a specific point. These findings indicate selective control over head movement velocity in response to differing visual processing demands.
In Experiment 2, parameters of head movement amplitude and velocity were assessed in a group of first time PAL wearers. Head movement amplitude, average and peak velocity were calculated from head movement recordings using the search task, as in Experiment 1. Head movements were recorded without PALs, on first wearing a PAL, and after one month of PAL wear to assess adaptation effects. In contrast to existing literature, PAL wear did not alter parameters of head movement amplitude and velocity in a group of first time wearers either on first wearing the lenses or after one month of wear: this is due to task related effects in this experiment compared to previous work. Task demand in this experiment may not have required wearers to use the progressive power corridor to accomplish identification of visual search targets, in contrast to previous studies where experimental conditions were designed to force subjects to use the progressive corridor.
In Experiment 3, minimum displacement thresholds for random dot stimuli were measured in a repeated measures experimental design for a single vision lens as control, and three PAL designs. Thresholds were measured in central vision, and for two locations in the temporal peripheral field, 30° temporal fixation and 10° above and below the horizontal midline. Thresholds were determined with and without the subjects' head moving horizontally in an approximate sinusoidal movement at a frequency of about 0.7 Hz. Minimum displacement thresholds were not significantly affected by PAL design, although thresholds with PALs were higher than with a single vision lens control. Head movement significantly increased minimum displacement threshold across lens designs, by a factor of approximately 1.5 times. Results indicate that the local measures of minimum displacement threshold determined in this experiment are not sensitive to lens design differences. Sensitivity to motion with PAL lenses may be more a global than a localized response. For Experiment 4, symptoms of spatial distortion and illusory movement were investigated in a crossover wearing trial of three PAL designs, and related to optical characteristics of the lenses. Peripheral back vertex powers of the PALs were measured at two locations in the right temporal zone of the lenses, 15.6 mm temporal to the fitting cross, and 2.7 m above and below the horizontal to the fitting cross. These locations corresponded to the zones of the lenses through which minimum displacement thresholds were measured in the previous experiment. The effect of subjects' self movement on symptoms is able to discriminate between PAL designs, although subjective symptoms alone were not related to the lens design parameters studied. Subjects' preference for one PAL design over the other designs studied in this experiment is inversely related to the effect on subject movement on their symptoms of distortion. An optical parameter, blur strength, derived from the power vector components of the peripheral powers, may indicate preference for particular PAL designs, as higher blur strength values are associated with lower lens preference scores.
Head movement amplitude and velocity are task specific, and are also influenced by visual processing demands within tasks. PALs do not affect head movement amplitude and velocity unless tasks are made demanding or performed in less natural situations designed to influence head movement behaviour. Both head movement and PALs have large effects on minimum displacement thresholds; these effects may be due in part to complexity of the subjects' task within the experiment. Minimum displacement thresholds however were not influenced by PAL design. The most sensitive indicator for subject's preference of PALs was the effect of subjects' self movement on their perception of symptoms, rather than the presence of actual symptoms. Blur strength should be further investigated for its role in PAL acceptance.
30
Hendicott, Peter Leslie. „Spatial perception and progressive addition lenses“. Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16468/.
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Progressive addition lenses (PALs) are an increasingly preferred mode for the correction of presbyopia, gaining an increased share of the prescription lens market. Sales volumes are likely to increase over the next few years, given the increasing cohort of presbyopic patients in the population. This research investigated adaptation to PAL wear, investigating head movement parameters with and without progressive lenses in everyday visual tasks, and examined symptoms of spatial distortions and illusory movement in a crossover wearing trial of three PAL designs. Minimum displacement thresholds in the presence and absence of head movement were also investigated across the lens designs. Experiment 1 investigated head movements in two common visual tasks, a wordprocessing copy task, and a visual search task designed to replicate a natural environment task such as looking for products on supermarket shelving. Head movement parameters derived from this experiment were used to set head movement amplitude and velocity in the third experiment investigating minimum displacement thresholds across three PAL designs. Head movements were recorded with a Polhemus Inside Track head movement monitoring system which allows real time six degrees of freedom measurement of head position. Head position in azimuth, elevation and roll was extracted from the head movement recorder output, and data for head movement angular extent, average velocity (amplitude/duration) and peak velocity were calculated for horizontal head movements Results of the first experiment indicate a task dependent effect on head movement peak and average velocity, with both median head movement average and peak velocity being faster in the copy task. Visual task and visual processing demands were also shown to affect the slope of the main sequence of head movement velocity on head movement amplitude, with steeper slope in the copy task. A steeper slope, indicating a faster head movement velocity for a given head movement amplitude, was found for head movements during the copy task than in the search task. Processing demands within the copy task were also shown to affect the main sequence slopes of velocity on amplitude, with flatter slopes associated with the need for head movement to bring gaze to a specific point. These findings indicate selective control over head movement velocity in response to differing visual processing demands. In Experiment 2, parameters of head movement amplitude and velocity were assessed in a group of first time PAL wearers. Head movement amplitude, average and peak velocity were calculated from head movement recordings using the search task, as in Experiment 1. Head movements were recorded without PALs, on first wearing a PAL, and after one month of PAL wear to assess adaptation effects. In contrast to existing literature, PAL wear did not alter parameters of head movement amplitude and velocity in a group of first time wearers either on first wearing the lenses or after one month of wear: this is due to task related effects in this experiment compared to previous work. Task demand in this experiment may not have required wearers to use the progressive power corridor to accomplish identification of visual search targets, in contrast to previous studies where experimental conditions were designed to force subjects to use the progressive corridor. In Experiment 3, minimum displacement thresholds for random dot stimuli were measured in a repeated measures experimental design for a single vision lens as control, and three PAL designs. Thresholds were measured in central vision, and for two locations in the temporal peripheral field, 30° temporal fixation and 10° above and below the horizontal midline. Thresholds were determined with and without the subjects' head moving horizontally in an approximate sinusoidal movement at a frequency of about 0.7 Hz. Minimum displacement thresholds were not significantly affected by PAL design, although thresholds with PALs were higher than with a single vision lens control. Head movement significantly increased minimum displacement threshold across lens designs, by a factor of approximately 1.5 times. Results indicate that the local measures of minimum displacement threshold determined in this experiment are not sensitive to lens design differences. Sensitivity to motion with PAL lenses may be more a global than a localized response. For Experiment 4, symptoms of spatial distortion and illusory movement were investigated in a crossover wearing trial of three PAL designs, and related to optical characteristics of the lenses. Peripheral back vertex powers of the PALs were measured at two locations in the right temporal zone of the lenses, 15.6 mm temporal to the fitting cross, and 2.7 m above and below the horizontal to the fitting cross. These locations corresponded to the zones of the lenses through which minimum displacement thresholds were measured in the previous experiment. The effect of subjects' self movement on symptoms is able to discriminate between PAL designs, although subjective symptoms alone were not related to the lens design parameters studied. Subjects' preference for one PAL design over the other designs studied in this experiment is inversely related to the effect on subject movement on their symptoms of distortion. An optical parameter, blur strength, derived from the power vector components of the peripheral powers, may indicate preference for particular PAL designs, as higher blur strength values are associated with lower lens preference scores. Head movement amplitude and velocity are task specific, and are also influenced by visual processing demands within tasks. PALs do not affect head movement amplitude and velocity unless tasks are made demanding or performed in less natural situations designed to influence head movement behaviour. Both head movement and PALs have large effects on minimum displacement thresholds; these effects may be due in part to complexity of the subjects' task within the experiment. Minimum displacement thresholds however were not influenced by PAL design. The most sensitive indicator for subject's preference of PALs was the effect of subjects' self movement on their perception of symptoms, rather than the presence of actual symptoms. Blur strength should be further investigated for its role in PAL acceptance.
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Leyssen, Sigrid. „Perception in Movement. Moving Images in Albert Michotte's Experimental Psychology (1881-1965)“. Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0142.
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J’explore de nouvelles façons d’étudier l’histoire et l’historicité de la perception, à travers un double portrait du psychologue francophone Albert Michotte, et de la collection de ses disques en papier. Leur interaction produit de nouvelles images expérimentales, éclaircissant les complexités de la perception. J’ai navigué différents archives, archives d'objets et collections d’instruments en Belgique, en France et en Allemagne. La découverte de nouvelles sources et mes ré-animations historiques m’ont permis de combiner l’histoire des sciences et l’étude des médias, touchant sur l’histoire de la philosophie et de la religion. Le portrait de Michotte dévoile une figure qui fait le pont entre différents paradigmes psychologiques, science et religion, filmologie et phénoménologie expérimentale, aussi bien qu’un diplomate des sciences traversant deux guerres, des politiques religieuses et des changements institutionnels. Etudier les paradoxes qu’il incarnait devient ainsi un outil d’historiographie. Le portrait des disques, contextualisé en termes de 'contextes d’action', montre comment ils sont liés à la pratique expérimentale, le cinéma, l’art et la culture matérielle du laboratoire. Ce double portrait montre comment Michotte et les disques créèrent ensemble des images en mouvement afin d’étudier les perceptions dynamiques, telle que la perception de la causalité. Le mouvement est essentiel à cette thèse, car il permet de comprendre comment de telles perceptions son générées et transportées. L’étude de ces perceptions permet de saisir comment la perception dépend d’un contexte, se forme à travers des inter-actions, et change – montrant son historicitéI explore new ways to study the history and historicity of perception, through a double portrait: of the francophone psychologist Albert Michotte, and of a set of well-preserved rotating paper discs. In their interaction, new experimental images were generated, shedding light on the intricacy of perception. I have searched different archives, object-archives and instrument collections in Belgium, France and Germany. Newly discovered sources, together with my historical re-animations, allowed me to combine history of science with media studies, in close interaction with the history of philosophy and religion.The portrait of Michotte shows a bridging-figure between different psychological paradigms, science and religion, filmology and experimental phenomenology, performing science diplomacy to navigate two wars, religious politics and institutional change. Studying the paradoxes he embodied is developed into a historiographical tool. The portrait of the discs, contextualised in terms of 'action contexts', shows how they related to experimental practice, cinema, art and the material culture of the laboratory. This dynamic double portrait shows how Michotte and the discs together create moving images for the study of dynamic perceptions, such as the perception of causality. Motion is central to this thesis, not only for explaining the dynamic perception of movements, but especially for understanding how such perceptions are generated and transported. Studying these 'movement-perceptions' makes it possible to grasp how perception is context dependent, how it is shaped through inter-actions, and how it changes – giving it a history
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Tomoszek, A. „Spatial properties of fine-grain movement perception in the human visual system“. Thesis, Keele University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293525.
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Walshe, Ross Calen. „Operation of eye-movement control mechanisms during the perception of naturalistic scenes“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20966.
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Understanding of visual scenes takes place within very brief episodes known as fixations. To explore the extent of the scene, the eye shifts between fixation locations at intervals of roughly 300 ms. Currently, it is a matter of open inquiry as to what factors influence the timing of these movements. This thesis focuses on understanding the mechanisms that govern the rapid adjustment of fixation and saccade timings when novel stimulus information is encountered during a fixation. In part I, I use an experimental technique known as the fixation-contingent scene quality paradigm to control the quality of incoming visual scene information. This approach is used to assess how fixation timing adapts to moment-by-moment changes in the quality level of the stimulus. I find that quality changes tend to result in an increase in fixation durations and this occurs whether the quality is increased or decreased. Using distributional analytic techniques, I argue that these results reflect the combined influence of a rapid surprise related process and a slower acting encoding related influence. In part II, I study how fixation durations are influenced by the underlying saccade programming mechanisms. An important assumption within the eye-movement control literature is that there exists a threshold called the point-of-no-return. Once this point has been reached, a saccade may no longer be modified or cancelled. I adapt a classic psychophysical technique known as the double-step procedure to study the point-of-no-return within scene viewing tasks. I also provide a measurement of the saccadic dead time, the last point in time that a saccade may be modified. In Part III, a formal model of fixation durations in high-level tasks is presented. I build on recent modelling work and develop a formal account for the early-surprise late-encoding modulation account of fixation durations in scene viewing tasks. The model is tested against data observed in Part I of the thesis. I demonstrate that the model does a very good job of predicting these distributions with relatively few assumptions. In summary, I use experimental techniques in combination with computational modelling to reveal how a composite of low-level (saccade programming) and high-level (information processing) considerations can, and must, be taken into consideration when understanding eye-movement control behaviour in scene viewing tasks.
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Riddell, Patricia Mary. „Vergence eye movements and dyslexia“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fc695d53-073a-467d-bc8d-8d47c0b9321e.
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Mowafy, Marilyn Kay. „Motion perception: The effects of perceived three-dimensional distance“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184431.
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Contemporary computational models of motion perception assume that in processing continuous or near-continuous motion information, the visual system measures spatial displacement in retinal coordinates over a series of time-varying images. Additional three-dimensional information possessed by the system purportedly does not influence this low-level motion analysis. The present research investigated the influence of static three-dimensional distance information recovered from binocular disparity on the perceived direction of motion. It was assumed that if a stereoscopic display context influenced perceived motion direction, the apparent velocity of a moving element would increase in order to traverse the greater apparent distance. This would be reflected in a predictable pattern of errors when the true angular velocity was the same, slower or faster than that of the standard. The stimuli consisted of random-dot stereograms depicting surfaces at varying distances and orientations. In one stereoscopic display, the disparity information indicated a surface sloping smoothly in depth from crossed to uncrossed disparity. The second display contained two fronto-parallel planes at discrete distances from the observed. Motion stimuli were single element translating horizontally and presented monocularly to the observer's right eye. Experiment 1 compared differential velocity judgments in the contexts of the sloped surface and a control condition at zero disparity. The results indicated an overall increase in the perceived velocity of the element moving in the context of the sloped surface. The pattern of results was replicated in experiment 2, but an additional effect of the relative positions of the two surfaces also was obtained. Experiment 3 explored the case of two discrete fronto-parallel planes, one at crossed disparity and the other at uncrossed disparity. This experiment also produced a position effect, but indicated that the perceived distance of the two planes did not differentially affect observer's velocity judgments. It was concluded that in some cases, the metric of motion analysis could be affected by three-dimensional information recovered from binocular disparity. The particular case discovered in these experiments was a surface that appeared to slope smoothly in depth. Discrete depth planes produced no such effect.
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Gibbs, Brian J. „A cognitive effect of a moving object’s dynamic visual history : spatiotemporal integration of physical properties“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25409.
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Despite enormous informational complexity in the optical environment, the visual world is effortlessly seen as coherent. Indeed, an object may change in virtually all of its physical properties and in its spatial location and yet maintain a constant perceptual identity. Apparently pieces of information registered in different segments of space-time, but referring to the same object, are perceptually integrated.
Kahneman, Treisman and Gibbs (in progress) explored the cognitive organization corresponding to this perceptual organization; the present thesis represents an extension of their work. To study the spatiotemporal integration of information regarding moving objects they developed the preview paradigm. The prototypical visual display of this paradigm consists of three phases: (a) Letters are presented, each within a line-figure object, and are then removed (field-1), (b) the empty objects move to new positions, (c) letters are again presented in the objects and a marker appears, cueing one of them (field-2). The task is to name the letter in the cued object. The critical reaction time (RT) comparison is between consistent conditions (the target letter is previewed in the target object) and inconsistent conditions (the target letter is previewed, but in another object). An RT advantage for consistent conditions is termed the object effect because it represents object-specific facilitation. Object effects were generated in many experiments, including one utilizing only apparent motion to create objects. Certain experiments suggested that the object effect does not occur at a lexical or semantic level, but involves information concerning physical properties.
The present thesis further explores the physical nature of the information integration underlying the object effect. Preview experiments were conducted, typically not with a letter-naming task, but with tasks requiring stimulus identification on the basis of a particular physical property. In experiments utilizing four moving line figures, object effects were obtained with presence and size. These effects were not artifacts of attending to field-1 or of confusing field-1 with field-2. In experiments utilizing apparent motion, object effects were obtained with color and with letters. Duodimension experiments elaborated the paradigm by introducing variation on a response-irrelevant dimension. The presence object effect was reduced by response-irrelevant shape inconsistency; the size object effect was eliminated by response-irrelevant shape inconsistency; the color object effect was unaffected by response-irrelevant letter-shape inconsistency; the letter object effect was slightly reduced by response-irrelevant color inconsistency.
The duodimension results suggest that the object-specific representation underlying the object effect consists of somewhat conjoined properties. This has implications for the role of attention in the object effect, and inspires the speculation that motion might be special with respect to attention. Accounts of the object effect rival to Kahneman et al.'s can be proposed: that it results from the integration of response tendencies rather than stimulus information, that it is based on a decrease in apparent distance between stimuli rather than on their unitization, and that its seeming retroactivity is an illusion produced by the relative quickness with which low spatial frequencies are processed. The present results support arguments against each of these accounts. The general conclusion of this thesis is that the spatiotemporal integration underlying the object effect does involve information about physical properties.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Al-Abood, Saleh Ahmed. „Effects of visual demonstrations on motor skill acquisition : a visual perception perspective“. Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340691.
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Jie, Li 1976. „An eye movement dependent visual attention model and its application /“. Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115910.
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In this dissertation, we study the relationship between eye movements and visual attention. Different types of eye movements are investigated including microsaccades, eye fixation, and eye pursuit. First, we demonstrate that microsaccades occur during pursuit and they are linked to covert attention shifts. Employing a psychophysical task that involves covert attention shifts to a peripheral square, we detect if microsaccades occur during eye pursuit, and, if so, whether, and in what way, microsaccades are related to attention shifts. Microsaccades are found to occur during pursuit and they present in similar patterns as those occurring during eye fixation. We discover that microsaccades tend to be biased towards the same direction as pursuit and the bias increases with increases of pursuit velocities. Through the analysis of microsaccade orientation and latency, we argue that microsaccades occurring during pursuit, rather than being randomly distributed, have a link with covert attention shifts. This is consistent with what has been reported for microsaccades occurring during fixation. Further analysis of microsaccade amplitude supports this argument. The potential attention mechanisms for the characteristics of microsaccades are discussed. We suggest that the attention allocation during pursuit is responsible for the characteristics of microsaccades. Our analyses of microsaccades also enforce the argument that microsaccades may be the suppressed saccades.In addition to microsaccades, the attention allocation during eye fixation and eye pursuit are considered as well. We demonstrate that, during eye fixation, the local image content around the area of a fixation point is a significant factor to influence the fixation duration. However, during pursuit, the pursuit direction, rather than image contents, is important to decide attention allocation. According to these results, a top-down attention model based on types of eye movements is built. Three types of eye movements are considered separately in the model. They are eye fixation, eye pursuit, and saccadic eye movements (including microsaccades). The model is applied to the design of an interactive 2D video game. We demonstrate that the game is successfully designed in different difficulty levels through the analysis of attention allocation by our attention model. Our results imply that the attention modeling can be used to alter the game play so as to provide varying difficulty levels and it is also promising to take advantage of eye tracking data for broader applications, such as for navigation, intelligent map searching, augmented reality, and others.
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Tham, Edgar Kok Kuan. „Effects of Music on Vividness of Movement Imagery“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278984/.
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The purpose of the investigation was to determine the effects of music on self reported vividness of movement imagery. Eighty-four undergraduate kinesiology
majors (42 males; 42 females) were subjects. Based on identical perceptions of precategorized music (classical and jazz), selected subjects were randomly assigned to one of three music treatment conditions (sedative, stimulative, and control) and
administered the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire. A 3 x 2 x 2 (Treatment x Gender x Perspective) ANOVA with repeated measures on the last factor was employed. The results revealed that the two music conditions significantly enhanced the vividness of internal and external imagery perspectives when compared to the no music condition, and that music facilitated the vividness of males and females equally.
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Chan, Hoi-shou. „An experimental study on the inter-relationship of visual lobe, eye movement parameters and search performance /“. Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12267156.
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Dyer, John. „Human movement sonification for motor skill learning“. Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2017. https://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/human-movement-sonification-for-motor-skill-learning(4bda096c-e8ab-4af4-8f35-7445c6b0cb7e).html.
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Transforming human movement into live sound can be used as a method to enhance motor skill learning via the provision of augmented perceptual feedback. A small but growing number of studies hint at the substantial efficacy of this approach, termed 'movement sonification'. However there has been sparse discussion in Psychology about how movement should be mapped onto sound to best facilitate learning. The current thesis draws on contemporary research conducted in Psychology and theoretical debates in other disciplines more directly concerned with sonic interaction - including Auditory Display and Electronic Music-Making - to propose an embodied account of sonification as feedback. The empirical portion of the thesis both informs and tests some of the assumptions of this approach with the use of a custom bimanual coordination paradigm. Four motor skill learning studies were conducted with the use of optical motion-capture. Findings support the general assumption that effective mappings aid learning by making task-intrinsic perceptual information more readily available and meaningful, and that the relationship between task demands and sonic information structure (or, between action and perception) should be complementary. Both the theoretical and empirical treatments of sonification for skill learning in this thesis suggest the value of an approach which addresses learner experience of sonified interaction while grounding discussion in the links between perception and action.
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Anderson, Christina [Verfasser], und Paul [Akademischer Betreuer] Pauli. „Idiosyncratic Facial Movement in Face Perception and Recognition / Christina Anderson. Betreuer: Paul Pauli“. Würzburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Würzburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1021645656/34.
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Davies, Jonathan Rhys. „Motion perception following simultaneous adaptation to smooth pursuit eye movement and retinal motion“. Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54529/.
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This study employed adaptation paradigms to explore visual motion processing during smooth pursuit eye movement. Two classes of model, classical models and reference signal models, employ estimates of retinal motion and pursuit to estimate head-centred world motion. The pursuit estimate in classical models is purely extra-retinal. In reference signal models the pursuit estimate is additionally modulated by retinal feedback. Chapters 2 and 3 investigated the motion aftereffect (MAE) following adaptation to simultaneous retinal motion and smooth pursuit. In chapter 2 adaptations to either horizontal retinal motion or vertical smooth pursuit respectively resulted in retinal or extra-retinal MAE. Simultaneous orthogonal adaptation to both motions resulted in a unidirectional MAE that bisected the individual MAE directions. Adaptation to a head-centred motion signal (perceived direction) was not supported by the recorded directions for adapting motion and resulting MAE. An explanation employing separate lower level adaptations was favoured. Chapters 3 and 4 examined motion perception following collinear motion adaptation. Additionally, the retinotopic nature of retinal motion adaptation was exploited to limit the effects of retinal sensor adaptation during the test phase. The two classes of model then make differing predictions: Reference signal models predict a pursuit estimate that is modulated by retinal motion, whilst classical models do not. In chapter 3 varying the background motion during adaptation did alter the physical eye movement. However, the properties of the resulting MAE were not modulated by retinal feedback and a classical model was supported. Chapter 4 used a moving test to quantify the perceived stability of a background during smooth pursuit using a two alternative forced choice paradigm and staircase procedure. Either a phantom velocity aftereffect or a modified reference signal model was suggested as modulating the Filehne illusion in Experiment 6. Two control experiments failed to find evidence for phantom adaptation. Experiment 9 demonstrated a potential retinotopic location bias for background motion when applying a reference signal model, background motion above the test area did not alter perceived stability judgments.
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Ashby, Thomas S. „The effect of yaw based head movement on the perception of source elevation“. Thesis, University of Surrey, 2015. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/809514/.
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Yaw movements are the most frequently occurring and largest head movements a listener makes when localising; however, previous research has not resolved whether yaw-based head movements are used in elevation localisation. A series of experiments was devised to investigate the impact of head movement on the elevation localisation response accuracy (LRA) of human listeners. The experiments were conducted using a laser-guided pointing response method, as this was found to allow listeners to more accurately and consistently report a perceived source location than either verbal or graphical methods. 2 kHz low-pass filtered noise with and without a 6 kHz half-octave bandpass component were both shown to suppress pinna cues, and were therefore used to more clearly separate the effect of head movements. Head movements were found to improve azimuth and elevation LRA for noise sources. Depending on stimulus and situation, head movements were shown to make an improvement of up to 8.5˚ in elevation LRA. Head movement improved LRA more for the 2kHz/6kHz filtered noise than it did for broadband noise; when pinna cues are impaired the significance of head movement cues increases. Both forced yaw movements and free movements significantly improved the elevation LRA. Further experimentation was undertaken to determine whether the improvement in elevation LRA with head movement was caused by greater accuracy when a source is positioned in the listener’s median plane (a static cue), or by the act of moving the head (a dynamic cue). It was found that the static cue did not provide greater accuracy for sources close to the median plane, and hence it was concluded that dynamic cues increased the elevation LRA for yaw head rotations. For octave and half-octave bandwidth sources, static elevation LRA is lower when the listener has turned to face the source. Yaw head movement improved elevation LRA for high frequency continuous signals, which suggests that dynamic interaural level differences are utilised. Head movements do not improve elevation LRA for programme items with less than an octave bandwidth. For octave programme items, head movements significantly improve elevation LRA, while static LRA shows no improvement; head movement cues are effective at narrower bandwidths than pinna cues. By detailing the nature of head movement cues, one can better inform the localisation model, creating a more accurate representation of the human localisation system.
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Broughton, Mary C. „Music, movement and marimba : solo marimbists' bodily gesture in the perception and production of expressive performance“. Thesis, View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/33189.
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A combination of experimental and empirical studies investigate the assumption that musical expression is communicated in marimba performance through at least two channels – sound and action. A parallel is drawn between the bodily movements and gestures occurring with expressive musical sound, and gestures produced in concurrence with speech. Experiment 1 investigated the assumption that bodily movements and gestures can enhance or diminish the perception of expression and interest in solo marimba performance when presented audio-visually compared to presentation in audio-only form. Body movement is of particular relevance here as the expressive capabilities of the marimba are relatively restricted, and the movements required to play it are visible. Twenty-four musically-trained and 24 musically-untrained observers rated auditory-only and auditory-visual presentations of 20th Century solo marimba excerpts for perceived expressiveness and interest. Performances were given by a male and a female professional musician in projected (public performance expression) and deadpan (minimised expressive features) performance manners. As hypothesised, significantly higher ratings were recorded in response to projected performances than to deadpan. The hypothesised interaction between modality and performance manner was observed. Higher expressiveness ratings were observed for projected performances, and lower ratings were observed for deadpan performances when the presentation was audio-visual compared to audio-only. Higher interest ratings were observed for projected performances when the presentation was audio-visual. Musically-trained participants recorded higher ratings than musically-untrained observers upholding the final hypothesis. The results suggest that expressive functional bodily movements and bodily gestures play an important role in marimba performer-audience communication. Findings are relevant for both performers and educators. The aim of Experiment 2 was to investigate whether the results of Experiment 1, conducted in laboratory conditions, would generalise to an ecologically valid setting – a real concert. Experiment 2 investigated audience continuous self-report engagement responses from 21 participants collected using the portable Audience Response Facility (pARF). The stimulus material was a solo marimba piece performed in a live concert. A female musician performed two musically similar sections within the piece in two different performance manners (deadpan and projected). The second order standard deviation threshold method was used to analyse signal reliability. As hypothesised, mean engagement responses were greater in the projected sample than the deadpan sample. Reliable signal was only observed in the projected sample. Differences between deadpan and projected sample mean engagement responses may be due to expressive bodily movement from the performance manner manipulation; alternatively, serial order effect, necessitated by the concert setting, may be responsible. Such experimentation in ecologically valid settings enables understanding of audience perception of live music performance as it unfolds in time.
Expressive qualities of marimba players���� bodily gestures, witnessed in several projected and deadpan marimba performances in the stimulus material from Experiment 1 were analysed in Study 1. Laban Movement Analysis (LMA) observation techniques, involving embodied thinking and kinaesthetic mirroring, enabled analysis of force. Force is the third element of motion additional to temporal and spatial aspects for which technology measuring only kinematics can not account. Effort-shape analysis and notation described and recorded expressive qualities of marimba players’ bodily gestures at specific locations on the musical score. With basic training, professional percussionist performers were able to understand and apply effort-shape analysis and notation. This inspired confidence that effort-shape analysis and notation has potential as an analytical tool for performers, teachers and students.
The results of Experiments 1 and 2 and Study 1 lead to the formation of a theory of bodily gestures in marimba performance. This theory accounted for functional bodily movements and bodily gestures in marimba performance based on an embodied interpretation of the musical score. Combined experimental and empirical results indicate that bodily movements and gestures can enhance perception of expressive marimba performance and therefore warrant focussed attention in pedagogy and practice.
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陳海壽 und Hoi-shou Chan. „An experimental study on the inter-relationship of visual lobe, eye movement parameters and search performance“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31207169.
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Dahl, Sofia. „On the beat : human movement and timing in the production and perception of music“. Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-422.
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Macdougall, Hamish G. „The human eye-movement response to maintained surface galvanic vestibular stimulation“. Phd thesis, School of Psychology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10402.
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Walton, Elizabeth. „Dance style transitions : from dancers' practice to movement-based technology“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG027.
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Les méthodologies de conception pour l’interaction basée sur le geste et le mouvement proposent d’adopter des visions différentes et mutuellement excluantes : soit en quantifiant le mouvement d’un point de vue externe, soit en soutenant l’exploration et la description des sensations intérieures. Cependant, les professionnels dumouvement, comme les danseurs, définissent les poses et les phrases en utilisant à la fois les descriptions des chorégraphes et les indices corporels personnels. Je soutiens que les transitions entre styles de danse permettent aux chercheurs d’observer l’expérience des danseurs alors qu’ils remettent en question et rééquilibrent les parties externes et internes de leur formation : celles codifiées et celles ne pouvant pas l’être. Après avoir utilisé des méthodes qualitatives, je présente les défis et les stratégies de la transition de style de danse et je discute de la façon dont la structuration de la technologie autour des substrats de mouvement pourrait soutenir le changement de mentalité nécessaire aux danseurs pour accéder à de nouveaux types de mouvements. Je décris ensuite le système ImproviGrid et je discute de l’impact qu’a la modalité de sortie sur l’utilisation des indices par les danseurs pendant l’improvisation, afin de comprendre comment mieux concevoir l’exploration du mouvement, qui est un défi de la transition de style de danse. Je conclus avec une implication plus importante des méthodologies de mouvement conçues par l’utilisateur, en les considérant plus comme des utilisateurs créant des gestes chorégraphiés plutôt que des chercheurs suscitant des gestesDesign methodologies for gesture- and movement-based interaction take divergent perspectives, either quantifying movement from an ex-ternal point of view or supporting inner sensation exploration and description. However, professional movers, like dancers, define poses and phrases using both descriptions from choreographers and personal, bodily cues. I argue that dance style transitions offer researchers insights into dancers’ experiences questioning and balancing the externally codified and internally not-possible-to-be-codified parts of their training. After employing qualitative methods, I present the challenges and strategies of the dance style transition and discuss how structu-ring technology around movement substrates could support the mentality change necessary for dancers to access new types of movement. I then describe the ImproviGrid System and discuss how output modality impacts dancer use of cues during improvisation, in order to understand how to design better for movement exploration, a challenge of the dance style transition. I conclude with greater implications of user-designed movement methodologies, reframing them as users creating choreographed gestures rather than researchers eliciting gestures
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Broughton, Mary C. „Music, movement and marimba solo marimbists' bodily gesture in the perception and production of expressive performance /“. View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/33189.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2008.A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, School of Psychology, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of . Includes bibliographies.