Zeitschriftenartikel: „Movement data modelling“

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McLellan, Chris R., Bruce J. Worton, William Deasy und A. Nicholas E. Birch. „Modelling larval movement data from individual bioassays“. Biometrical Journal 57, Nr. 3 (12.03.2015): 485–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bimj.201400035.

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Chaters, G. L., P. C. D. Johnson, S. Cleaveland, J. Crispell, W. A. de Glanville, T. Doherty, L. Matthews et al. „Analysing livestock network data for infectious disease control: an argument for routine data collection in emerging economies“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, Nr. 1776 (20.05.2019): 20180264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0264.

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Livestock movements are an important mechanism of infectious disease transmission. Where these are well recorded, network analysis tools have been used to successfully identify system properties, highlight vulnerabilities to transmission, and inform targeted surveillance and control. Here we highlight the main uses of network properties in understanding livestock disease epidemiology and discuss statistical approaches to infer network characteristics from biased or fragmented datasets. We use a ‘hurdle model’ approach that predicts (i) the probability of movement and (ii) the number of livestock moved to generate synthetic ‘complete’ networks of movements between administrative wards, exploiting routinely collected government movement permit data from northern Tanzania. We demonstrate that this model captures a significant amount of the observed variation. Combining the cattle movement network with a spatial between-ward contact layer, we create a multiplex, over which we simulated the spread of ‘fast’ ( R 0 = 3) and ‘slow’ ( R 0 = 1.5) pathogens, and assess the effects of random versus targeted disease control interventions (vaccination and movement ban). The targeted interventions substantially outperform those randomly implemented for both fast and slow pathogens. Our findings provide motivation to encourage routine collection and centralization of movement data to construct representative networks. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: epidemic forecasting and control’. This theme issue is linked with the earlier issue ‘Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: approaches and important themes’.

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Smouse, Peter E., Stefano Focardi, Paul R. Moorcroft, John G. Kie, James D. Forester und Juan M. Morales. „Stochastic modelling of animal movement“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, Nr. 1550 (27.07.2010): 2201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0078.

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Modern animal movement modelling derives from two traditions. Lagrangian models, based on random walk behaviour, are useful for multi-step trajectories of single animals. Continuous Eulerian models describe expected behaviour, averaged over stochastic realizations, and are usefully applied to ensembles of individuals. We illustrate three modern research arenas. (i) Models of home-range formation describe the process of an animal ‘settling down’, accomplished by including one or more focal points that attract the animal's movements. (ii) Memory-based models are used to predict how accumulated experience translates into biased movement choices, employing reinforced random walk behaviour, with previous visitation increasing or decreasing the probability of repetition. (iii) Lévy movement involves a step-length distribution that is over-dispersed, relative to standard probability distributions, and adaptive in exploring new environments or searching for rare targets. Each of these modelling arenas implies more detail in the movement pattern than general models of movement can accommodate, but realistic empiric evaluation of their predictions requires dense locational data, both in time and space, only available with modern GPS telemetry.

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Dawson, Peter M., Marleen Werkman, Ellen Brooks-Pollock und Michael J. Tildesley. „Epidemic predictions in an imperfect world: modelling disease spread with partial data“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, Nr. 1808 (07.06.2015): 20150205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0205.

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‘Big-data’ epidemic models are being increasingly used to influence government policy to help with control and eradication of infectious diseases. In the case of livestock, detailed movement records have been used to parametrize realistic transmission models. While livestock movement data are readily available in the UK and other countries in the EU, in many countries around the world, such detailed data are not available. By using a comprehensive database of the UK cattle trade network, we implement various sampling strategies to determine the quantity of network data required to give accurate epidemiological predictions. It is found that by targeting nodes with the highest number of movements, accurate predictions on the size and spatial spread of epidemics can be made. This work has implications for countries such as the USA, where access to data is limited, and developing countries that may lack the resources to collect a full dataset on livestock movements.

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Auger-Méthé, M., CM Albertsen, ID Jonsen, AE Derocher, DC Lidgard, KR Studholme, WD Bowen, GT Crossin und J. Mills Flemming. „Spatiotemporal modelling of marine movement data using Template Model Builder (TMB)“. Marine Ecology Progress Series 565 (17.02.2017): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps12019.

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Bauduin, Sarah, Eliot McIntire, Martin-Hugues St-Laurent und Steve Cumming. „Overcoming challenges of sparse telemetry data to estimate caribou movement“. Ecological Modelling 335 (September 2016): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.05.004.

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Salmerón-Quiroz, B. B., C. F. Mendez-Barrios, J. F. Guerrero-Castellanos, S. A. Rodriguez-Paredes und G. Villegas-Medina. „Towards Human Capture Movement: Estimation of Anatomical Movements of the Shoulder“. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/586480.

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In this paper we focus on the human arm motion capture, which is motivated by the requirements in physical rehabilitation and training of stroke patients in the same way as monitoring of elderly person activities. The proposed methodology uses a data fusion of low-cost and low-weight MEMS sensors jointly to an a priori knowledge of the arm anatomy. The main goal is to estimate the arm position, the anatomical movements of the shoulder and its accelerations. We propose a discrete optimization based-approach which aims to search the optimal attitude ambiguity directly without decorrelation of ambiguity, and to computing the baseline vector consequently. The originality of this paper is to apply the discrete optimization to track the desired trajectory of a nonlinear system such as the Human Movement in the presence of uncertainties. The global asymptotic convergence of the nonlinear observer is guaranteed. Extensive tests of the presented methodology with real world data illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed procedure.

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Planckaert, Ophélie, und André Desrochers. „Modelling Marten (Martes americana) Movement Costs in a Boreal Forest: Effects of Grain Size and Thematic Resolution“. International Journal of Ecology 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/742913.

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We investigated landscape resistance to movements of American marten (Martes americana) based on snow-tracking data. We generated movement cost maps of the study area with different grain size, thematic resolution, and habitat-specific resistance to movements. We compared simulated tracks obtained from resistance maps to real tracks plotted along transects that we surveyed in winters 2004 to 2008 at the Montmorency Forest, Quebec, Canada. Simulated tracks were located at the intersection between least-cost paths simulated across the study area and transects. We used nearest-neighbour distances between simulated and real tracks to assess the performance of resistance maps and estimate landscape resistance parameters. Simulations with specified costs to movement for open areas, young forest, and mature forest performed better than simpler resistance scenarios, suggesting that resistance to marten movements differed among those landscape attributes that were considered. Simulations with a map grain size of 100 m performed significantly better than 5, 25, and 300 m, possibly because of gap crossing avoidance. Model performance (compared to null model) was maximal when resistance to movement in open habitat was set to 20 times higher than in mature forest, but uncertainty around this estimate was large. This research demonstrates that presence-only (point) data can be used to parameterize movements using spatially explicit modelling.

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Dahlke, Grzegorz. „The anthropometric criterion in the modelling of evacuation“. Informatyka Ekonomiczna 2020, Nr. 1(55) (2020): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/ie.2020.1.02.

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The article presents a sample study on the use of anthropometric criteria in modelling evacuation conditions. Formal evacuation models differ in the level of detail they offer in reality mapping. The key parameter determined with their use is evacuation time. The basic data inputs in such modelling are the speed of human movement. Numerous research papers offer examples of such speeds for people of varying ages who wear various clothing (that is more or less restrictive of movements) and footwear. As opposed to movement-based and behavioural models, the models that reflect the basic evacuation parameters fail to account for the number of evacuees. Where human traffic is denser, causing congestion, it is equally essential to consider body dimensions. The article outlines analyses of the impact of changes in anthropometric dimensions in a selected building. Models are rendered using the Pathfinder software. Recommendations are offered on how to assess evacuation conditions for various building types and various occupants

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Adam, Timo, Christopher A. Griffiths, Vianey Leos‐Barajas, Emily N. Meese, Christopher G. Lowe, Paul G. Blackwell, David Righton und Roland Langrock. „Joint modelling of multi‐scale animal movement data using hierarchical hidden Markov models“. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 10, Nr. 9 (22.07.2019): 1536–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.13241.

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Baran, Nicole, Jean Richert und Christophe Mouvet. „Field data and modelling of water and nitrate movement through deep unsaturated loess“. Journal of Hydrology 345, Nr. 1-2 (Oktober 2007): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.07.006.

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Ren, Chang, Luliang Tang, Jed Long, Zihan Kan und Xue Yang. „Modelling Place Visit Probability Sequences during Trajectory Data Gaps Based on Movement History“. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, Nr. 7 (02.07.2021): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070456.

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The acquisition of human trajectories facilitates movement data analytics and location-based services, but gaps in trajectories limit the extent in which many tracking datasets can be utilized. We present a model to estimate place visit probabilities at time points within a gap, based on empirical mobility patterns derived from past trajectories. Different from previous models, our model makes use of prior information from historical data to build a chain of empirically biased random walks. Therefore, it is applicable to gaps of varied lengths and can be fitted to empirical data conveniently. In this model, long gaps are broken into a chain of multiple episodes according to past patterns, while short episodes are estimated with anisotropic location transition probabilities. Experiments show that our model is able to hit almost 60% of the ground truth for short gaps of several minutes and over 40% for longer gaps up to weeks. In comparison, existing models are only able to hit less than 10% and 1% for short and long gaps, respectively. Visit probability distributions estimated by the model are useful for generating paths in data gaps, and have potential for disaggregated movement data analysis in uncertain environments.

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Bearup, Daniel, Carly M. Benefer, Sergei V. Petrovskii und Rod P. Blackshaw. „Revisiting Brownian motion as a description of animal movement: a comparison to experimental movement data“. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 7, Nr. 12 (11.08.2016): 1525–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12615.

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Baronas, R., F. Ivanauskas, I. Juodeikienė und A. Kajalavičius. „Modelling of Moisture Movement in Wood during Outdoor Storage“. Nonlinear Analysis: Modelling and Control 6, Nr. 2 (05.12.2001): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/na.2001.6.1.15210.

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A model of moisture movement in wood is presented in this paper in a two-dimensional-in-space formulation. The finite-difference technique has been used in order to obtain the solution of the problem. The model was applied to predict the moisture content in sawn boards from pine during long term storage under outdoor climatic conditions. The satisfactory agreement between the numerical solution and experimental data was obtained.

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Masden, Elizabeth A., Richard Reeve, Mark Desholm, Anthony D. Fox, Robert W. Furness und Daniel T. Haydon. „Assessing the impact of marine wind farms on birds through movement modelling“. Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, Nr. 74 (02.05.2012): 2120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0121.

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Advances in technology and engineering, along with European Union renewable energy targets, have stimulated a rapid growth of the wind power sector. Wind farms contribute to carbon emission reductions, but there is a need to ensure that these structures do not adversely impact the populations that interact with them, particularly birds. We developed movement models based on observed avoidance responses of common eider Somateria mollissima to wind farms to predict, and identify potential measures to reduce, impacts. Flight trajectory data that were collected post-construction of the Danish Nysted offshore wind farm were used to parameterize competing models of bird movements around turbines. The model most closely fitting the observed data incorporated individual variation in the minimum distance at which birds responded to the turbines. We show how such models can contribute to the spatial planning of wind farms by assessing their extent, turbine spacing and configurations on the probability of birds passing between the turbines. Avian movement models can make new contributions to environmental assessments of wind farm developments, and provide insights into how to reduce impacts that can be identified at the planning stage.

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Barchiesi, Daniele, Tobias Preis, Steven Bishop und Helen Susannah Moat. „Modelling human mobility patterns using photographic data shared online“. Royal Society Open Science 2, Nr. 8 (August 2015): 150046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150046.

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Humans are inherently mobile creatures. The way we move around our environment has consequences for a wide range of problems, including the design of efficient transportation systems and the planning of urban areas. Here, we gather data about the position in space and time of about 16 000 individuals who uploaded geo-tagged images from locations within the UK to the Flickr photo-sharing website. Inspired by the theory of Lévy flights, which has previously been used to describe the statistical properties of human mobility, we design a machine learning algorithm to infer the probability of finding people in geographical locations and the probability of movement between pairs of locations. Our findings are in general agreement with official figures in the UK and on travel flows between pairs of major cities, suggesting that online data sources may be used to quantify and model large-scale human mobility patterns.

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Mondal, Debomita, Giridhar Maji, Takaaki Goto, Narayan C. Debnath und Soumya Sen. „A Data Warehouse Based Modelling Technique for Stock Market Analysis“. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, Nr. 3.13 (27.07.2018): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.13.16344.

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The objective of this paper is identifying a warehouse model to build an analytical framework and analyze different important parameters which directly impact the changes of share market. We identify parameters that represent different viewing windows and perspectives towards stock market performance and movement trends. We categorize and define many intrinsic as well as external factors that may affect stock market as a whole. Sensex and Nifty are used as the pulse of Indian stock market. In this paper, we focus on defining a suitable OLAP model which can cater all the parameters that affect share market. We also identify different applications of this analytical model for forecasting information to help decision making.

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Mondal, Debomita, Giridhar Maji, Takaaki Goto, Narayan C. Debnath und Soumya Sen. „A Data Warehouse Based Modelling Technique for Stock Market Analysis“. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, Nr. 3.13 (27.07.2018): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.13.17325.

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The objective of this paper is identifying a warehouse model to build an analytical framework and analyze different important parameters which directly impact the changes of share market. We identify parameters that represent different viewing windows and perspectives towards stock market performance and movement trends. We categorize and define many intrinsic as well as external factors that may affect stock market as a whole. Sensex and Nifty are used as the pulse of Indian stock market. In this paper, we focus on defining a suitable OLAP model which can cater all the parameters that affect share market. We also identify different applications of this analytical model for forecasting information to help decision making.

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Lisi, Edoardo, Mohammad Malekzadeh, Hamed Haddadi, F. Din-Houn Lau und Seth Flaxman. „Modelling and forecasting art movements with CGANs“. Royal Society Open Science 7, Nr. 4 (April 2020): 191569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191569.

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Conditional generative adversarial networks (CGANs) are a recent and popular method for generating samples from a probability distribution conditioned on latent information. The latent information often comes in the form of a discrete label from a small set. We propose a novel method for training CGANs which allows us to condition on a sequence of continuous latent distributions f (1) , …, f ( K ) . This training allows CGANs to generate samples from a sequence of distributions. We apply our method to paintings from a sequence of artistic movements, where each movement is considered to be its own distribution. Exploiting the temporal aspect of the data, a vector autoregressive (VAR) model is fitted to the means of the latent distributions that we learn, and used for one-step-ahead forecasting, to predict the latent distribution of a future art movement f ( K +1) . Realizations from this distribution can be used by the CGAN to generate ‘future’ paintings. In experiments, this novel methodology generates accurate predictions of the evolution of art. The training set consists of a large dataset of past paintings. While there is no agreement on exactly what current art period we find ourselves in, we test on plausible candidate sets of present art, and show that the mean distance to our predictions is small.

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de Moor, Carryn L., Douglas S. Butterworth und Carl D. van der Lingen. „The quantitative use of parasite data in multistock modelling of South African sardine (Sardinops sagax)“. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 74, Nr. 11 (November 2017): 1895–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0280.

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Differences in parasite infection have previously been used to distinguish between fish stocks. We demonstrate a novel use of parasite prevalence-by-length data to inform quantitatively on stock mixing. An initial two mixing stock hypothesis proved consistent with biological and survey data, suggesting that there are different stocks of sardine off the west and south coasts of South Africa. That hypothesis assumed that only recruits moved from the west to the south stock. However, new “tetracotyle”-type metacercarian parasite bio-tag data indicate a need to allow older fish to move between the stocks as well. We demonstrate extension of bio-tagging to inform on the plausibility of population structure hypotheses by including parasite prevalence-by-length data in the model’s likelihood. Our method enables the estimation of the magnitude of mixing between semidiscrete stocks, providing more precise estimates of annual movement. Such improved precision may be important in better informing future movement hypotheses and thereby management. Our research provides a framework to use to inform quantitatively on stock structure and movement hypotheses for other fish species with bio-tagging data.

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Jolivet, L., M. Cohen und A. Ruas. „MODELLING THE CONSTRAINTS OF SPATIAL ENVIRONMENT IN FAUNA MOVEMENT SIMULATIONS: COMPARISON OF A BOUNDARIES ACCURATE FUNCTION AND A COST FUNCTION“. ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-3/W5 (19.08.2015): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-3-w5-249-2015.

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Landscape influences fauna movement at different levels, from habitat selection to choices of movements’ direction. Our goal is to provide a development frame in order to test simulation functions for animal’s movement. We describe our approach for such simulations and we compare two types of functions to calculate trajectories. To do so, we first modelled the role of landscape elements to differentiate between elements that facilitate movements and the ones being hindrances. Different influences are identified depending on landscape elements and on animal species. Knowledge were gathered from ecologists, literature and observation datasets. Second, we analysed the description of animal movement recorded with GPS at fine scale, corresponding to high temporal frequency and good location accuracy. Analysing this type of data provides information on the relation between landscape features and movements. We implemented an agent-based simulation approach to calculate potential trajectories constrained by the spatial environment and individual’s behaviour. We tested two functions that consider space differently: one function takes into account the geometry and the types of landscape elements and one cost function sums up the spatial surroundings of an individual. Results highlight the fact that the cost function exaggerates the distances travelled by an individual and simplifies movement patterns. The geometry accurate function represents a good bottom-up approach for discovering interesting areas or obstacles for movements.

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Galanti, Barak, Sergiu Dov Rosen und Amos Salamon. „HIGH RESOLUTION TSUNAMI MODELING AT THE MEDITERRANEAN COAST OF ISRAEL TOWARDS AN EARLY WARNING TSUNAMI SCENARIOS DATA BANK“. Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, Nr. 32 (31.01.2011): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.posters.28.

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This poster paper presents first the a tsunami modelling investigation using the state of the art, open source tsunami model (GeoClaw), its adaptation to investigate the impact of tsunami wave generation, propagation and inundation at the Mediterranean coast of Israel using high resolution bathymetric and topographic grid , aided by additional tsunami generation modelling tools simulating the initial stages of tsunami generation by earthquake induced tectonic plates rupture and movement or by landslide on the coastal shelf, as well as visualization tools, adapted by the first author under LINUX operating system as an integral modelling package.

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Braaker, S., U. Kormann, F. Bontadina und M. K. Obrist. „Prediction of genetic connectivity in urban ecosystems by combining detailed movement data, genetic data and multi-path modelling“. Landscape and Urban Planning 160 (April 2017): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.12.011.

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Chappell, Helen, David Shepherd und Serena Best. „Zinc Substituted Hydroxyapatite – A Comparison of Modelling and Experimental Data“. Key Engineering Materials 396-398 (Oktober 2008): 729–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.396-398.729.

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The effect of substitution of zinc into the hydroxyapatite lattice(ZnHA) was evaluated using experimental precipitation studies and with ab initio modelling data. When attempting to introduce zinc into the hydroxyapatite (HA) lattice not all of the zinc is substituted and ICP confirms its presence in the supernatant. Modelling suggests that this is likely to be because of the high formation energy introducing zinc into the pure hydroxyapatite lattice, 4.6 - 4.9eV. In the experimental study it was found that a maximum of 0.61wt% zinc could be substituted into the HA lattice at 10oC with less being substituted at room temperature »22oC. Experimental measurements revealed that the presence of zinc in the lattice decreased the a-lattice parameter and increased the c-lattice parameter. Modelling showed that this was likely to be caused by the movement of the hydroxyl ions away from the c-axis, towards the zinc atoms which were substituted in calcium type II positions. The type II position was shown to be the most stable substitution site.

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Betz-Stablein, Brigid, Martin L. Hazelton und William H. Morgan. „Modelling retinal pulsatile blood flow from video data“. Statistical Methods in Medical Research 27, Nr. 5 (01.09.2016): 1575–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280216665504.

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Modern day datasets continue to increase in both size and diversity. One example of such ‘big data’ is video data. Within the medical arena, more disciplines are using video as a diagnostic tool. Given the large amount of data stored within a video image, it is one of most time consuming types of data to process and analyse. Therefore, it is desirable to have automated techniques to extract, process and analyse data from video images. While many methods have been developed for extracting and processing video data, statistical modelling to analyse the outputted data has rarely been employed. We develop a method to take a video sequence of periodic nature, extract the RGB data and model the changes occurring across the contiguous images. We employ harmonic regression to model periodicity with autoregressive terms accounting for the error process associated with the time series nature of the data. A linear spline is included to account for movement between frames. We apply this model to video sequences of retinal vessel pulsation, which is the pulsatile component of blood flow. Slope and amplitude are calculated for the curves generated from the application of the harmonic model, providing clinical insight into the location of obstruction within the retinal vessels. The method can be applied to individual vessels, or to smaller segments such as 2 × 2 pixels which can then be interpreted easily as a heat map.

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Fujii, Keisuke. „Understanding of social behaviour in human collective motions with non-trivial rule of control“. Impact 2019, Nr. 10 (30.12.2019): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2019.10.84.

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The coordination and movement of people in large crowds, during sports games or when socialising, seems readily explicable. Sometimes this occurs according to specific rules or instructions such as in a sport or game, at other times the motivations for movement may be more focused around an individual's needs or fears. Over the last decade, the computational ability to identify and track a given individual in video footage has increased. The conventional methods of how data is gathered and interpreted in biology rely on fitting statistical results to particular models or hypotheses. However, data from tracking movements in social groups or team sports are so complex as they cannot easily analyse the vast amounts of information and highly varied patterns. The author is an expert in human behaviour and machine learning who is based at the Graduate School of Informatics at Nagoya University. His challenge is to bridge the gap between rule-based theoretical modelling and data-driven modelling. He is employing machine learning techniques to attempt to solve this problem, as a visiting scientist in RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project.

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Potts, Jonathan R., Luca Börger, D. Michael Scantlebury, Nigel C. Bennett, Abdulaziz Alagaili und Rory P. Wilson. „Finding turning‐points in ultra‐high‐resolution animal movement data“. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 9, Nr. 10 (19.07.2018): 2091–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.13056.

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Rédl, Jozef, Veronika Váliková und Ján Antl. „Modelling of Terrain Surface“. Acta Technologica Agriculturae 17, Nr. 1 (01.03.2014): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2014-0004.

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Abstract In this contribution, we deal with the methodology of visualisation of terrain surface, on which experimental measurements of driving manoeuvres of an agricultural technological vehicle MT8-222 were performed. The introduced methodology uses a defined approach when determining the dynamic stability of agricultural vehicles following the standard STN 47 017. Records of the centre of gravity accelerations were obtained from driving manoeuvres at every instance of time during the drive. From records of accelerations and by using Euler‘s parameters with respect to the inertial system, there were evaluated contact points of the wheel with the terrain. Performed driving manoeuvres consisted of movement in the direction of down grade slope as well as in the direction of tractive movement on the slope. We created a model of terrain surface in the Surfer® program from obtained experimental data. Next, by using supporting commands in Matlab®, we created an algorithm for visualisation of terrain surface. Following this algorithm, there was created another model of terrain surface. Both visualisations of terrain surface are depicted in Figs 4 and 5.

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Burbelko, Andriy A., Edward Fraś, Wojciech Kapturkiewicz und Ewa Olejnik. „Nonequilibrium Kinetics of Phase Boundary Movement in Cellular Automaton Modelling“. Materials Science Forum 508 (März 2006): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.508.405.

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A mathematical crystallization model in the meso scale (the intermediate dimension scale between interatomic distance in solids and grain size in metals and alloys) is presented with the use of a kinetic-diffusion cellular automaton model. The model considers the non-equilibrium character of real processes of phase transformations, where the kinetic undercooling of the solid-liquid interface is a measure of this non-equilibrium level. Anisotropy of the interface mobility is assumed. The modelling results are compared to the experimental data.

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Råman Vinnå, Love, Damien Bouffard, Alfred Wüest, Stéphanie Girardclos und Nathalie Dubois. „Assessing Subaquatic Mass Movement Hazards: an Integrated Observational and Hydrodynamic Modelling Approach“. Water Resources Management 34, Nr. 13 (10.09.2020): 4133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-020-02660-y.

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Abstract High-resolution lake and reservoir bathymetric surveys can pinpoint locations that may experience underwater landslides (subaquatic sedimentary mass movements). These can pose a risk to underwater and shoreline infrastructure. This paper outlines an approach for using spatial variation in sedimentary patterns to identify areas susceptible to subaquatic mass movements in lakes and reservoirs. This study focusses on Lake Biel (Switzerland), which has experienced a protracted history of upstream alteration of river flow. Altered flow patterns increase risk of unstable sedimentary features and subaquatic mass movements. Data from sediment traps and cores, Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers and results from a 3D hydrodynamic model gave a consistent picture of spatial and temporal variation in weather-related sedimentation. Erosion caused by short-term rain events contributes the largest proportion of sediments to the lake. Strong rain events combine with typical wind patterns to drive lake circulation. The net effect results in preferential sedimentation onto a steeply sloping shelf prone to subaquatic slides. The integrated approach outlined here incorporates short- and long-term sediment dynamics to provide a systematic assessment of lake sedimentation and potential mass movement hazards. This research represents a first step in developing a risk-evaluation tool for aquatic hazard evaluation.

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Berret, Bastien, Adrien Conessa, Nicolas Schweighofer und Etienne Burdet. „Stochastic optimal feedforward-feedback control determines timing and variability of arm movements with or without vision“. PLOS Computational Biology 17, Nr. 6 (11.06.2021): e1009047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009047.

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Human movements with or without vision exhibit timing (i.e. speed and duration) and variability characteristics which are not well captured by existing computational models. Here, we introduce a stochastic optimal feedforward-feedback control (SFFC) model that can predict the nominal timing and trial-by-trial variability of self-paced arm reaching movements carried out with or without online visual feedback of the hand. In SFFC, movement timing results from the minimization of the intrinsic factors of effort and variance due to constant and signal-dependent motor noise, and movement variability depends on the integration of visual feedback. Reaching arm movements data are used to examine the effect of online vision on movement timing and variability, and test the model. This modelling suggests that the central nervous system predicts the effects of sensorimotor noise to generate an optimal feedforward motor command, and triggers optimal feedback corrections to task-related errors based on the available limb state estimate.

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Mondal, I., R. S. Kumar, B. Habib und G. Talukdar. „MODELLING FINE SCALE MOVEMENT CORRIDORS FOR THE TRICARINATE HILL TURTLE“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (23.06.2016): 719–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-719-2016.

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Habitat loss and the destruction of habitat connectivity can lead to species extinction by isolation of population. Identifying important habitat corridors to enhance habitat connectivity is imperative for species conservation by preserving dispersal pattern to maintain genetic diversity. Circuit theory is a novel tool to model habitat connectivity as it considers habitat as an electronic circuit board and species movement as a certain amount of current moving around through different resistors in the circuit. Most studies involving circuit theory have been carried out at small scales on large ranging animals like wolves or pumas, and more recently on tigers. This calls for a study that tests circuit theory at a large scale to model micro-scale habitat connectivity. The present study on a small South-Asian geoemydid, the Tricarinate Hill-turtle (Melanochelys tricarinata), focuses on habitat connectivity at a very fine scale. The Tricarinate has a small body size (carapace length: 127–175 mm) and home range (8000–15000 m2), with very specific habitat requirements and movement patterns. We used very high resolution Worldview satellite data and extensive field observations to derive a model of landscape permeability at 1 : 2,000 scale to suit the target species. Circuit theory was applied to model potential corridors between core habitat patches for the Tricarinate Hill-turtle. The modelled corridors were validated by extensive ground tracking data collected using thread spool technique and found to be functional. Therefore, circuit theory is a promising tool for accurately identifying corridors, to aid in habitat studies of small species.

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Mondal, I., R. S. Kumar, B. Habib und G. Talukdar. „MODELLING FINE SCALE MOVEMENT CORRIDORS FOR THE TRICARINATE HILL TURTLE“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (23.06.2016): 719–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-719-2016.

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Habitat loss and the destruction of habitat connectivity can lead to species extinction by isolation of population. Identifying important habitat corridors to enhance habitat connectivity is imperative for species conservation by preserving dispersal pattern to maintain genetic diversity. Circuit theory is a novel tool to model habitat connectivity as it considers habitat as an electronic circuit board and species movement as a certain amount of current moving around through different resistors in the circuit. Most studies involving circuit theory have been carried out at small scales on large ranging animals like wolves or pumas, and more recently on tigers. This calls for a study that tests circuit theory at a large scale to model micro-scale habitat connectivity. The present study on a small South-Asian geoemydid, the Tricarinate Hill-turtle (Melanochelys tricarinata), focuses on habitat connectivity at a very fine scale. The Tricarinate has a small body size (carapace length: 127–175 mm) and home range (8000–15000 m2), with very specific habitat requirements and movement patterns. We used very high resolution Worldview satellite data and extensive field observations to derive a model of landscape permeability at 1 : 2,000 scale to suit the target species. Circuit theory was applied to model potential corridors between core habitat patches for the Tricarinate Hill-turtle. The modelled corridors were validated by extensive ground tracking data collected using thread spool technique and found to be functional. Therefore, circuit theory is a promising tool for accurately identifying corridors, to aid in habitat studies of small species.

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Raghunathan, Nima, Louis François, Eliana Cazetta, Jean-Luc Pitance, Kristel De Vleeschouwer und Alain Hambuckers. „Deterministic modelling of seed dispersal based on observed behaviours of an endemic primate in Brazil“. PLOS ONE 15, Nr. 12 (28.12.2020): e0244220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244220.

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Plant species models are among the available tools to predict the future of ecosystems threatened by climate change, habitat loss, and degradation. However, they suffer from low to no inclusion of plant dispersal, which is necessary to predict ecosystem evolution. A variety of seed dispersal models have been conceived for anemochorous and zoochorous plant species, but the coupling between vegetation models and seed dispersal processes remains rare. The main challenge in modelling zoochoric dispersal is simulating animal movements in their complex habitat. Recent developments allow straightforward applications of hidden Markov modelling (HMM) to animal movements, which could ease generalizations when modelling zoochoric seed dispersal. We tested the use of HMM to model seed dispersal by an endangered primate in the Brazilian Atlantic forest, to demonstrate its potential simplicity to simulate seed dispersal processes. We also discuss how to adapt it to other species. We collected information on movement, fruit consumption, deposition, and habitat use of Leontopithecus chrysomelas. We analysed daily trajectories using HMM and built a deterministic Model Of Seed Transfer (MOST), which replicated, with good approximation, the primate’s movement and seed deposition patterns as observed in the field. Our results suggest that the dispersal behaviour and short daily-trajectories of L. chrysomelas restrict the species’ role in large-scale forest regeneration, but contribute to the prevalence of resource tree species locally, and potentially maintaining tree diversity by preventing local extinction. However, it may be possible to accurately simulate dispersal in an area, without necessarily quantifying variables that influence movement, if the movement can be broken down to step-length and turning angles, and parametrised along with the distribution of gut-transit times. For future objectives, coupling MOST with a DVM could be used to test hypotheses on tree species survival in various scenarios, simulating regeneration and growth at regional scales by including data on main dispersal agents over the area of interest, distribution of tree species, and land use data. The principal advantage of the MOST model is its functionality with data available from the literature as the variables are easy to parametrise. We suggest using the coupled model to perform experiments using only available information, but varying the numbers and species of seed dispersers, or modifying land cover or configuration to test for possible thresholds preventing the extinction of selected tree species.

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Chudyk, I. I., I. F. Dudych und V. V. Tokaruk. „Well washing process modelling“. Prospecting and Development of Oil and Gas Fields, Nr. 2(75) (30.06.2020): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9973-2020-2(75)-62-68.

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The study of the influence of technical and technological factors on the efficiency of well flushing was car-ried out under experimental conditions. The analysis of existing experimental installations is performed with the help of which it is possible to assess the influence of technical and technological factors on the process of well flushing. The laboratory facility for modeling the well flushing process was designed using similarity criteria ob-tained in accordance with the basic provisions of the theory of dimensions. The developed installation allows you to model and study the influence of many factors on the well flushing process due to its compact overall dimen-sions and ease of conducting experiments, namely: the eccentric placement of the drill string; the type of flushing fluid (rheological properties); the size of the rock fraction; the frequency of pulsations to create a pulsating char-acter of the fluid movement; rotation of the drill string; longitudinal movement of the drill string. The main factors of influence and the range of their changes on the efficiency of sludge transportation are determined on the basis of previous studies. An experiment plan is constructed to study the significance of factors on the quality of sludge removal from the well bore using the «Taguchi» plan. Data processing was performed in the software «Mathcad Prime». Variations in factors lead to an improvement in the quality of well flushing, by reducing the area of sludge settling in the wellbore. The flow rate of the washing liquid has the most positive effect on the removal of sludge. The size of the rock fraction and the longitudinal movement of the drill string has the least impact. Pulsa-tion of the washing liquid has a significant impact on the quality of sludge removal, which is a significant and interesting factor from the point of view of further scientific research.

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Schank, Cody J., Michael V. Cove, Marcella J. Kelly, Clayton K. Nielsen, Georgina O’Farrill, Ninon Meyer, Christopher A. Jordan et al. „A Sensitivity Analysis of the Application of Integrated Species Distribution Models to Mobile Species: A Case Study with the Endangered Baird’s Tapir“. Environmental Conservation 46, Nr. 03 (19.07.2019): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892919000055.

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SummarySpecies distribution models (SDMs) are statistical tools used to develop continuous predictions of species occurrence. ‘Integrated SDMs’ (ISDMs) are an elaboration of this approach with potential advantages that allow for the dual use of opportunistically collected presence-only data and site-occupancy data from planned surveys. These models also account for survey bias and imperfect detection through the use of a hierarchical modelling framework that separately estimates the species–environment response and detection process. This is particularly helpful for conservation applications and predictions for rare species, where data are often limited and prediction errors may have significant management consequences. Despite this potential importance, ISDMs remain largely untested under a variety of scenarios. We performed an exploration of key modelling decisions and assumptions on an ISDM using the endangered Baird’s tapir (Tapirus bairdii) as a test species. We found that site area had the strongest effect on the magnitude of population estimates and underlying intensity surface and was driven by estimates of model intercepts. Selecting a site area that accounted for the individual movements of the species within an average home range led to population estimates that coincided with expert estimates. ISDMs that do not account for the individual movements of species will likely lead to less accurate estimates of species intensity (number of individuals per unit area) and thus overall population estimates. This bias could be severe and highly detrimental to conservation actions if uninformed ISDMs are used to estimate global populations of threatened and data-deficient species, particularly those that lack natural history and movement information. However, the ISDM was consistently the most accurate model compared to other approaches, which demonstrates the importance of this new modelling framework and the ability to combine opportunistic data with systematic survey data. Thus, we recommend researchers use ISDMs with conservative movement information when estimating population sizes of rare and data-deficient species. ISDMs could be improved by using a similar parameterization to spatial capture–recapture models that explicitly incorporate animal movement as a model parameter, which would further remove the need for spatial subsampling prior to implementation.

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Mikhailov, V. G. „About some approaches modeling of the vehicle on simulator“. «System analysis and applied information science», Nr. 3 (12.12.2019): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2309-4923-2019-3-29-35.

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The purpose of the given work is consideration and working off of approaches, techniques, schemes of realisation of modelling of the vehicle on simulators on the basis of a choice of more perfect models of movement, fluctuations, roadability of the vehicle in package Matlab/Simulink for reception and an estimation of parametres of the vehicle, it loading. Features of imitating modelling of the vehicle on a simulator, requirements to it, using methods of such modelling on the basis of computer models, hydropulsators and a moving platform with the monitors/projectors, simulating road conditions where reactions to it of the driver, movements essentially influencing modes and loading the vehicle with the further use of the received data at bench tests are considered are considered. Mathematical models of the tyre, movement, fluctuations, the roadabilities of the vehicle providing more correct modelling in real time are developed.New approaches and technique in realisation of imitating modelling of movement, roadability and loading the vehicle, based on combined use of the powerful computer and minicomputer Raspberry for reading of parametres of controls, steering of visualisation of road conditions, module S-Function Builder created ON on С/C++ both an incorporated file longinal profile and a microprofile of real road, the information interchange organisation through three general files on SD disk Raspberry with certain periodicity (5 Hz) are offered, the block diagramme in Matlab/Simulink and is developed software. By the spent modelling of the vehicle 6х6 with ma = 21200 kg it is established that it has fuel consumption of km of 63,56 l/100, average speed of 66,1 km/h and number of switchings of a check point 7 (at t> 10 c). And basically check point switching occurs on last 3 higher drives.

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Bharath, V. G., und Rajashekar Patil. „Solid Modelling Interaction with Sensors for Virtual Reality Welding“. MATEC Web of Conferences 144 (2018): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814401008.

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The imperative part of strong displaying in virtual reality framework is to improve the movement of a user with definitive movement control in genuine intelligent condition. In a real environment motion characteristic is based on sensors and servomechanisms where as in virtual reality systems the motion fundamentals are kinematic in nature. To achieve physically correct interactivity suitable dynamic constraints, should be imposed which can be obtained by augmented reality interface. Beyond input and output hardware, the underlying software plays a very important role in virtual reality systems. It is responsible for the managing of input/output devices, analysing incoming data and generating proper feedback. This research paper focusses on movement displaying for connection between CAD models and Virtual Reality Models using 3ds Max 2017 and Unity 3d softwares. The paper portrays different equipment arrangement of sensors and Arduino for virtual reality welding.

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Merrill, Evelyn, Håkan Sand, Barbara Zimmermann, Heather McPhee, Nathan Webb, Mark Hebblewhite, Petter Wabakken und Jacqueline L. Frair. „Building a mechanistic understanding of predation with GPS-based movement data“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, Nr. 1550 (27.07.2010): 2279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0077.

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Quantifying kill rates and sources of variation in kill rates remains an important challenge in linking predators to their prey. We address current approaches to using global positioning system (GPS)-based movement data for quantifying key predation components of large carnivores. We review approaches to identify kill sites from GPS movement data as a means to estimate kill rates and address advantages of using GPS-based data over past approaches. Despite considerable progress, modelling the probability that a cluster of GPS points is a kill site is no substitute for field visits, but can guide our field efforts. Once kill sites are identified, time spent at a kill site (handling time) and time between kills (killing time) can be determined. We show how statistical models can be used to investigate the influence of factors such as animal characteristics (e.g. age, sex, group size) and landscape features on either handling time or killing efficiency. If we know the prey densities along paths to a kill, we can quantify the ‘attack success’ parameter in functional response models directly. Problems remain in incorporating the behavioural complexity derived from GPS movement paths into functional response models, particularly in multi-prey systems, but we believe that exploring the details of GPS movement data has put us on the right path.

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López-Lagunas, Abelardo, und Sek Chai. „Streaming Data Movement for Real-Time Image Analysis“. Journal of Signal Processing Systems 62, Nr. 1 (22.01.2009): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11265-008-0336-x.

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Sinsch, Ulrich. „Movement ecology of amphibians: from individual migratory behaviour to spatially structured populations in heterogeneous landscapes“,. Canadian Journal of Zoology 92, Nr. 6 (Juni 2014): 491–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2013-0028.

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Both genetic cohesion among local populations of animals and range expansion depend on the frequency of dispersers moving at an interpatch scale. Animal movement has an individual component that reflects behaviour and an ecological component that reflects the spatial organization of populations. The total movement capacity of an individual describes maximum movement distance theoretically achievable during a lifetime, whereas its variation among the members of a local population determines the magnitude of interpatch movements and thus of gene flow between neighbouring patches within metapopulation or patchy population systems. Here, I review information on dispersal and migration as components of the movement capacity of juvenile and adult pond-breeding amphibians and discuss how these components inform the spatial structure of populations. Amphibians disperse as juveniles and adults, but movement distances detected in tracking or capture–mark–recapture studies are usually far below the corresponding estimates based on molecular gene-flow data. This discrepancy reflects the constraints of available tracking methods for free-ranging individuals leading to inappropriate surrogates of annual movement capacity, but can be resolved using probabilistic approaches based on dispersal functions. There is remarkable capacity for and plasticity in movements in amphibians. Annual within-patch movements (migrations) of individuals can be large and likely represent an underestimated capacity for movement at the interpatch scale. Landscape resistance may influence the paths of dispersing amphibians, but rarely impedes interpatch movements. Juveniles emigrating unpredictably far from the natal pond and adults switching from within-patch migrations to dispersal to another patch demonstrate the plasticity of individual movement behaviour. Three basic conclusions can be drawn with respect to the linkage of individual movement behaviour and spatial or genetic structure of local amphibian populations embedded in a heterogeneous landscape: (1) individual movements or consecutive short-term series of movements are misleading surrogate measures of total movement capacity; (2) probabilistic modelling of movement capacity is the best available behavioural predictor of interpatch gene flow; (3) connectivity of local populations in heterogeneous landscapes is less affected by landscape resistance than previously expected.

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Saunders, Clare. „Insiders, thresholders, and outsiders in west European global justice networks: network positions and modes of coordination“. European Political Science Review 6, Nr. 2 (05.03.2013): 167–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773913000015.

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Since the new millennium, scholars have acclaimed a vigorous global justice movement (GJM). Many accounts have stressed the tolerant identities of those involved in this movement, and/or the movement's horizontal decision-making structure. Consequently, formal organizations are often excluded from analysis, precluding the chance to assess systematically whether they are involved in social movement modes of coordination. The article uses deductive block modelling and inferential statistics on survey data of a broad sample of 208 western European global justice organizations to uncover their modes of coordination. I find that many organizations commonly considered integral to the GJM demonstrate organizational and coalitional modes of coordination, while formal organizations often engage in coalitional work. Organizations most densely networked, including some formal organizations,dohave social movement modes of coordination: they identify with the GJM, display continuity in attendance at international protests/events, and have contentious relations with political institutions. In addition, I raise methodological considerations for future studies of social movement modes of coordination.

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YANG, ZONG-CHANG. „EIGEN-TEMPERATURE MODEL FOR THE ANNUAL AIR TEMPERATURE MOVEMENT EVALUATION AND FORECAST“. International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 04, Nr. 03 (19.08.2013): 1350008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962313500086.

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Climate variability and its changes are issues of broader global concern. This study addresses the annual air temperature movement evaluation and forecasting based on principal component analysis (PCA). An Eigen-temperature model for describing the annual air temperature movement by employing PCA is introduced. Subspace for evaluation is generated by selecting principal orthogonal eigenvectors of covariance matrix of temperature data. The principal eigenvectors are called "Eigen-temperatures", since they are eigenvectors and each temperature movement is described by them. Each temperature movement is projected onto the subspace of eigenspace, and described by a linear combination of the Eigen-temperatures. Then, a forecast method for the temperature movement by employing the Eigen-temperatures is proposed. Forecast is implemented with polynomial curve fitting algorithm to estimate subsequent representation weights for the subsequent temperature movement with respect to the "Eigen-temperatures" generated by its previous temperature movements. The proposed Eigen-temperature model is applied to evaluation and forecasting for annual temperature movement at Tongchuan observation station of China from 1962 to 1971 and from 1994 to 2002. Experimental results agreeing well with actual observation values show workability of the proposed. Result analysis indicates its effectiveness that the proposed Eigen-temperature model is outperforming the classical AR model and the BP-ANN on the forecast tasks.

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Kwakye, Michael Mireku. „Conceptual Model and Design of Semantic Trajectory Data Warehouse“. International Journal of Data Warehousing and Mining 16, Nr. 3 (Juli 2020): 108–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdwm.2020070106.

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The trajectory patterns of a moving object in a spatio-temporal domain offers varied information in terms of the management of the data generated from the movement. The query results of trajectory objects from the data warehouse are usually not enough to answer certain trend behaviours and meaningful inferences without the associated semantic information of the trajectory object or the geospatial environment within a specified purpose or context. This article formulates and designs a generic ontology modelling framework that serves as the background model platform for the design of a semantic data warehouse for trajectories. The methodology underpins on higher granularity of data as a result of pre-processed and extract-transformed-load (ETL) data so as to offer efficient semantic inference to the underlying trajectory data. Moreover, the modelling approach outlines the thematic dimensions that offer a design platform for predictive trend analysis and knowledge discovery in the trajectory dynamics and data processing for moving objects.

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Zhu, Qing, Kaijian He, Yingchao Zou und Kin Keung Lai. „Day-Ahead Crude Oil Price Forecasting Using a Novel Morphological Component Analysis Based Model“. Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/341734.

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As a typical nonlinear and dynamic system, the crude oil price movement is difficult to predict and its accurate forecasting remains the subject of intense research activity. Recent empirical evidence suggests that the multiscale data characteristics in the price movement are another important stylized fact. The incorporation of mixture of data characteristics in the time scale domain during the modelling process can lead to significant performance improvement. This paper proposes a novel morphological component analysis based hybrid methodology for modeling the multiscale heterogeneous characteristics of the price movement in the crude oil markets. Empirical studies in two representative benchmark crude oil markets reveal the existence of multiscale heterogeneous microdata structure. The significant performance improvement of the proposed algorithm incorporating the heterogeneous data characteristics, against benchmark random walk, ARMA, and SVR models, is also attributed to the innovative methodology proposed to incorporate this important stylized fact during the modelling process. Meanwhile, work in this paper offers additional insights into the heterogeneous market microstructure with economic viable interpretations.

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Green, D. M., I. Z. Kiss und R. R. Kao. „Modelling the initial spread of foot-and-mouth disease through animal movements“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273, Nr. 1602 (August 2006): 2729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3648.

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Livestock movements in Great Britain (GB) are well recorded and are a unique record of the network of connections among livestock-holding locations. These connections can be critical for disease spread, as in the 2001 epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in the UK. Here, the movement data are used to construct an individual-farm-based model of the initial spread of FMD in GB and determine the susceptibility of the GB livestock industry to future outbreaks under the current legislative requirements. Transmission through movements is modelled, with additional local spread unrelated to the known movements. Simulations show that movements can result in a large nationwide epidemic, but only if cattle are heavily involved, or the epidemic occurs in late summer or early autumn. Inclusion of random local spread can considerably increase epidemic size, but has only a small impact on the spatial extent of the disease. There is a geographical bias in the epidemic size reached, with larger epidemics originating in Scotland and the north of England than elsewhere.

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Michelot, Théo, Roland Langrock und Toby A. Patterson. „moveHMM: an R package for the statistical modelling of animal movement data using hidden Markov models“. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 7, Nr. 11 (28.05.2016): 1308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12578.

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Wang, Guiming. „Machine learning for inferring animal behavior from location and movement data“. Ecological Informatics 49 (Januar 2019): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2018.12.002.

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Veltman, Calvin. „Modelling the Language Shift Process of Hispanic Immigrants“. International Migration Review 22, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1988): 545–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838802200401.

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This article provides a longitudinal interpretation of the 1976 Survey of Income and Education data on the linguistic integration of Hispanic immigrants to the United States. The assumptions required to sustain such an analysis are examined, followed by the presentation of data suggesting that age at time of arrival and length of residence in the U.S. largely explain observed patterns of language shift. The analysis shows that movement to English is extremely rapid, occurring within fifteen years of arrival in the U.S. Further, most of the younger immigrants make English their preferred personal language.

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Lee, Hui-Hua, Kevin R. Piner, Mark N. Maunder, Ian G. Taylor und Richard D. Methot. „Evaluation of alternative modelling approaches to account for spatial effects due to age-based movement“. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 74, Nr. 11 (November 2017): 1832–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0294.

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Spatial patterns due to age-specific movement have been a source of unmodelled process error. Modeling movement in spatially explicit stock assessments is feasible, but hampered by a paucity of data from appropriate tagging studies. This study uses simulation analyses to evaluate alternative model structures that either explicitly or implicitly account for the process of time-varying age-based movement in a population dynamics model. We simulated synthetic populations using a two-area stochastic population dynamics operating model. Simulated data were fit in seven different estimation models. Only the model that includes the correct spatial dynamic results in unbiased and precise estimates of derived and management quantities. In a single-area assessment model, using the fleets-as-area (FAA) approach may be the second best option to estimate both length-based and time-varying age-based selectivity to implicitly account for the contact selectivity and annual availability. An FAA approach adds additional observation error performed nearly as well. Future research could evaluate which stock assessment method is robust to uncertainty in movement and is more appropriate for achieving intended management objectives.

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