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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Movement data modelling“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Movement data modelling"
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McLellan, Chris R., Bruce J. Worton, William Deasy und A. Nicholas E. Birch. „Modelling larval movement data from individual bioassays“. Biometrical Journal 57, Nr. 3 (12.03.2015): 485–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bimj.201400035.
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Chaters, G. L., P. C. D. Johnson, S. Cleaveland, J. Crispell, W. A. de Glanville, T. Doherty, L. Matthews et al. „Analysing livestock network data for infectious disease control: an argument for routine data collection in emerging economies“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, Nr. 1776 (20.05.2019): 20180264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0264.
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Livestock movements are an important mechanism of infectious disease transmission. Where these are well recorded, network analysis tools have been used to successfully identify system properties, highlight vulnerabilities to transmission, and inform targeted surveillance and control. Here we highlight the main uses of network properties in understanding livestock disease epidemiology and discuss statistical approaches to infer network characteristics from biased or fragmented datasets. We use a ‘hurdle model’ approach that predicts (i) the probability of movement and (ii) the number of livestock moved to generate synthetic ‘complete’ networks of movements between administrative wards, exploiting routinely collected government movement permit data from northern Tanzania. We demonstrate that this model captures a significant amount of the observed variation. Combining the cattle movement network with a spatial between-ward contact layer, we create a multiplex, over which we simulated the spread of ‘fast’ ( R 0 = 3) and ‘slow’ ( R 0 = 1.5) pathogens, and assess the effects of random versus targeted disease control interventions (vaccination and movement ban). The targeted interventions substantially outperform those randomly implemented for both fast and slow pathogens. Our findings provide motivation to encourage routine collection and centralization of movement data to construct representative networks. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: epidemic forecasting and control’. This theme issue is linked with the earlier issue ‘Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: approaches and important themes’.
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Smouse, Peter E., Stefano Focardi, Paul R. Moorcroft, John G. Kie, James D. Forester und Juan M. Morales. „Stochastic modelling of animal movement“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, Nr. 1550 (27.07.2010): 2201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0078.
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Modern animal movement modelling derives from two traditions. Lagrangian models, based on random walk behaviour, are useful for multi-step trajectories of single animals. Continuous Eulerian models describe expected behaviour, averaged over stochastic realizations, and are usefully applied to ensembles of individuals. We illustrate three modern research arenas. (i) Models of home-range formation describe the process of an animal ‘settling down’, accomplished by including one or more focal points that attract the animal's movements. (ii) Memory-based models are used to predict how accumulated experience translates into biased movement choices, employing reinforced random walk behaviour, with previous visitation increasing or decreasing the probability of repetition. (iii) Lévy movement involves a step-length distribution that is over-dispersed, relative to standard probability distributions, and adaptive in exploring new environments or searching for rare targets. Each of these modelling arenas implies more detail in the movement pattern than general models of movement can accommodate, but realistic empiric evaluation of their predictions requires dense locational data, both in time and space, only available with modern GPS telemetry.
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Dawson, Peter M., Marleen Werkman, Ellen Brooks-Pollock und Michael J. Tildesley. „Epidemic predictions in an imperfect world: modelling disease spread with partial data“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, Nr. 1808 (07.06.2015): 20150205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0205.
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‘Big-data’ epidemic models are being increasingly used to influence government policy to help with control and eradication of infectious diseases. In the case of livestock, detailed movement records have been used to parametrize realistic transmission models. While livestock movement data are readily available in the UK and other countries in the EU, in many countries around the world, such detailed data are not available. By using a comprehensive database of the UK cattle trade network, we implement various sampling strategies to determine the quantity of network data required to give accurate epidemiological predictions. It is found that by targeting nodes with the highest number of movements, accurate predictions on the size and spatial spread of epidemics can be made. This work has implications for countries such as the USA, where access to data is limited, and developing countries that may lack the resources to collect a full dataset on livestock movements.
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Auger-Méthé, M., CM Albertsen, ID Jonsen, AE Derocher, DC Lidgard, KR Studholme, WD Bowen, GT Crossin und J. Mills Flemming. „Spatiotemporal modelling of marine movement data using Template Model Builder (TMB)“. Marine Ecology Progress Series 565 (17.02.2017): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps12019.
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Bauduin, Sarah, Eliot McIntire, Martin-Hugues St-Laurent und Steve Cumming. „Overcoming challenges of sparse telemetry data to estimate caribou movement“. Ecological Modelling 335 (September 2016): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.05.004.
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Salmerón-Quiroz, B. B., C. F. Mendez-Barrios, J. F. Guerrero-Castellanos, S. A. Rodriguez-Paredes und G. Villegas-Medina. „Towards Human Capture Movement: Estimation of Anatomical Movements of the Shoulder“. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/586480.
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In this paper we focus on the human arm motion capture, which is motivated by the requirements in physical rehabilitation and training of stroke patients in the same way as monitoring of elderly person activities. The proposed methodology uses a data fusion of low-cost and low-weight MEMS sensors jointly to an a priori knowledge of the arm anatomy. The main goal is to estimate the arm position, the anatomical movements of the shoulder and its accelerations. We propose a discrete optimization based-approach which aims to search the optimal attitude ambiguity directly without decorrelation of ambiguity, and to computing the baseline vector consequently. The originality of this paper is to apply the discrete optimization to track the desired trajectory of a nonlinear system such as the Human Movement in the presence of uncertainties. The global asymptotic convergence of the nonlinear observer is guaranteed. Extensive tests of the presented methodology with real world data illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed procedure.
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Planckaert, Ophélie, und André Desrochers. „Modelling Marten (Martes americana) Movement Costs in a Boreal Forest: Effects of Grain Size and Thematic Resolution“. International Journal of Ecology 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/742913.
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We investigated landscape resistance to movements of American marten (Martes americana) based on snow-tracking data. We generated movement cost maps of the study area with different grain size, thematic resolution, and habitat-specific resistance to movements. We compared simulated tracks obtained from resistance maps to real tracks plotted along transects that we surveyed in winters 2004 to 2008 at the Montmorency Forest, Quebec, Canada. Simulated tracks were located at the intersection between least-cost paths simulated across the study area and transects. We used nearest-neighbour distances between simulated and real tracks to assess the performance of resistance maps and estimate landscape resistance parameters. Simulations with specified costs to movement for open areas, young forest, and mature forest performed better than simpler resistance scenarios, suggesting that resistance to marten movements differed among those landscape attributes that were considered. Simulations with a map grain size of 100 m performed significantly better than 5, 25, and 300 m, possibly because of gap crossing avoidance. Model performance (compared to null model) was maximal when resistance to movement in open habitat was set to 20 times higher than in mature forest, but uncertainty around this estimate was large. This research demonstrates that presence-only (point) data can be used to parameterize movements using spatially explicit modelling.
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Dahlke, Grzegorz. „The anthropometric criterion in the modelling of evacuation“. Informatyka Ekonomiczna 2020, Nr. 1(55) (2020): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/ie.2020.1.02.
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The article presents a sample study on the use of anthropometric criteria in modelling evacuation conditions. Formal evacuation models differ in the level of detail they offer in reality mapping. The key parameter determined with their use is evacuation time. The basic data inputs in such modelling are the speed of human movement. Numerous research papers offer examples of such speeds for people of varying ages who wear various clothing (that is more or less restrictive of movements) and footwear. As opposed to movement-based and behavioural models, the models that reflect the basic evacuation parameters fail to account for the number of evacuees. Where human traffic is denser, causing congestion, it is equally essential to consider body dimensions. The article outlines analyses of the impact of changes in anthropometric dimensions in a selected building. Models are rendered using the Pathfinder software. Recommendations are offered on how to assess evacuation conditions for various building types and various occupants
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Adam, Timo, Christopher A. Griffiths, Vianey Leos‐Barajas, Emily N. Meese, Christopher G. Lowe, Paul G. Blackwell, David Righton und Roland Langrock. „Joint modelling of multi‐scale animal movement data using hierarchical hidden Markov models“. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 10, Nr. 9 (22.07.2019): 1536–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.13241.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Movement data modelling"
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McLellan, Christopher Richard. „Statistical modelling of home range and larvae movement data“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14202.
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In this thesis, we investigate two di erent approaches to animal movement modelling; nite mixture models, and di usion processes. These models are considered in two di erent contexts, rstly for analysis of data obtained in home range studies, and then, on a much smaller scale, modelling the movements of larvae. We consider the application of mixture models to home range movement data, and compare their performance with kernel density estimators commonly used for this purpose. Mixtures of bivariate normal distributions and bivariate t distributions are considered, and the latter are found to be good models for simulated and real movement data. The mixtures of bivariate t distributions are shown to provide a robust parametric approach. Subsequently, we investigate several measures of overlap for assessing site delity in home range data. Di usion processes for home range data are considered to model the tracks of animals. In particular, we apply models based on a bivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process to recorded coyote movements. We then study modelling in a di erent application area involving tracks. Di usion models for the movements of larvae are used to investigate their behaviour when exposed to chemical compounds in a scienti c study. We nd that the tted models represent the movements of the larvae well, and correctly distinguish between the behaviour of larvae exposed to attractant and repellent compounds. Mixtures of di usion processes and Hidden Markov models provide more exible alternatives to single di usion processes, and are found to improve upon them considerably. A Hidden Markov model with 4 states is determined to be optimal, with states accounting for directed movement, localized movement and stationary observations. Models incorporating higherorder dependence are investigated, but are found to be less e ective than the use of multiple states for modelling the larvae movements.
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Eriksson, Adam, und Hugo Uppling. „Applying Human-scale Understanding to Sensor-based Data : Generating Passive Feedback to Understand Urban Space Use“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik och byggd miljö, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447118.
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The aim of this thesis is to investigate how parametrization of large-scale person movement data can contribute to describing the use of urban space. Given anonymous coordinate and timestamp data from a sensor observing an open-air mall, movement-based parameters are selected according to public life studies, behavioral mapping, and space syntax tools. The thesis aim is operationalized by answering how well the parametrizations perform in capturing urban space use, as well as investigating how the use is described when applying the parameterized data in selected urban space use tools. Also, the parameterized data are evaluated as time series to investigate possible further understanding of urban space use. The parametrization performance is evaluated by accuracy and F1-score and time series forecasts are evaluated by root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). The results indicate a parametrization accuracy of 93% or higher, while a high yet fluctuating F1 -score indicates that the parameterizations might be sensitive to imbalanced data, and that accuracy alone might not be sufficient when evaluating urban data. The parameterized data applied in the selected urban space use tools highlights the granularity achieved from sensor-based data. In the time series analysis, a Facebook Prophet forecast model is implemented, with an MAE of 8.6% and RMSE of 11.7%, outperforming a seasonal naïve forecast implementation with an MAE of 14.1% and RMSE of 18.8%. The thesis finds that time series modelling adds to understanding patterns and changes of use over time and that the approach could be developed further in future studies. In answering how the urban space is used, the thesis develops a new methodology. This methodology combines human-scale understanding of urban space use with large-scale data, generating citizen passive feedback.Vikten av att förstå hur en plats, eller ett stadsrum, faktiskt används härstammar ur det faktum att användningen ofta avviker från vad som var planerat. Genom en utökad förståelse för användningen av en plats går det exempelvis att anpassa platsens utformning efter faktisk användning. För att uppnå denna djupare förståelse finns flera olika tillvägagångssätt. Ett sätt är att använda de analoga teorier och verktyg som under lång tid har utvecklats av arkitekter och stadsplanerare, med avsikt att förstå sig på människors beteenden i olika stadsrum. Dessa urbana analysverktyg innefattar exempelvis ramverk för att kartlägga människors aktivitet. Ett annat sätt är att analysera stora datamängder för att utvinna generella rörelsemönster eller detaljerade trender. I denna uppsats presenteras en metod som kombinerar dessa två tillvägagångssätt i syfte att väva in de analoga teoriernas mänskliga utgångspunkt med de möjligheter som uppstår vid analys av stora datamängder. Genom att utveckla algoritmer kan rörelse-baserad information utvinnas, eller parametriseras, ur data från människors rörelse. Metoden innebär i kontexten av denna studie således en parametrisering av rörelse-data från en sensor uppsatt på shoppinggatan Kompassen i Göteborg. Urvalet av parametriseringar har baserats på de urbana analysverktygen. Detta sammanfattas i studiens övergripande syfte: att undersöka hur parametrisering av storskalig rörelsedata kan bidra till att förklara användningen av stadsrum. För att uppnå detta syfte besvaras tre frågeställningar. Först utvärderas hur väl det parametriserade rörelsedatat kan fånga upp användningen av stadsrum. Sedan undersöks hur användningen gestaltas genom att det parametriserade datat appliceras i utvalda urbana analysverktyg. Till sist analyseras datat som tidsserier i syfte att undersöka hur en förståelse över tid kan öka förståelsen för användningen av stadsrum. Genom att utgå från rörelsedata utvanns personers hastighet, startpunkt, och destination. Vidare parametriserades klasserna butiksinteraktion, grupptillhörighet, och stillastående i enlighet med de urbana analysverktygen. Vid utvärdering av dessa tre klasser visar studiens resultat att användningen av stadsrummet fångas upp till hög grad och uppnår åtminstone 93% i precision. Dock visar resultaten även att träffsäkerheten minskar ju mer obalanserat datat är. Detta innebär att ju lägre frekvent en klass är i datat desto svårare är den att fånga upp. När det parametriserade datat används i de urbana analysverktygen, visar resultaten att det utvunna datat bidrar med en högre upplösning som kan bana väg för ny förståelse för hur stadsrum används. Den högre upplösningen möjliggör även för tidsserieanalys av det parametriserade datat. Resultaten pekar på en mer detaljerad förståelse för trender och användningen av stadsrummet över tid. Till exempel implementeras verktyget Facebook Prophet som i detta fall prognostiserar andelen med grupptillhörighet. För en prognos på två veckor uppnås ett genomsnittligt absolutfel på 8.6%, vilket anses vara ett träffsäkert resultat. På så sätt medför möjligheten att prognostisera användning och identifiera avvikelser från trender ett ytterligare bidrag till förståelsen för hur platsen används. Tidsserieanalysen uppvisar stor potential och tolkningar från såväl tidsserierna som prognosmodeller har utrymme att vidareutvecklas. I framtida studier bör även algoritmer för fler aktivitetsbaserade parametrar, till exempel sittande eller samtalande, utvecklas. Uppsatsens fokus kretsar kring att skapa förståelse för hur ett stadsrum används och lämnar således frågan varför åt framtida studier, där resultat från denna studie kan fungera som viktigt underlag. Studiens metod tillför ett mänskligt perspektiv till stora datamängder och bidrar på så sätt till ett bredare underlag för hur stadsrum används. Med utgångspunkt i urbana analysverktyg har insamlad sensordata parametriserats till viktiga rörelse-baserade klasser. Detta underlag motsvarar en passiv återkoppling från användarna av stadsrummet som därigenom förklarar hur en plats faktiskt används.
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Hansson, Mikael. „From Matter to Data and Back Again : Enabling Agency through Digital Fabrication“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149543.
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Digital fabrication technologies such as 3D printers entail a radical change to the traditional consumer-producer paradigm. Combined with other recent developments, self-styled Makers design and fabricate sophisticated devices and interactive technologies that would otherwise never have existed. However, stopping the uninitiated novice from making use of this potential is complex CAD software, and a high barrier to entry. In this study a series of workshops explore the potential of combining traditional handicraft materials – such as clay, paper and fabric – with 3D scanning to enable novices to work with 3D printers. Based on the results a set of instruction were created detailing the process of making three types of practical objects, covering the entire process from the making and subsequent 3D scanning of a physical object, to the software clean-up and final 3D printing. The results suggest that whilst the explored method can enable novices to create 3D printable models, a certain mindset is required for the novice to do so effectively.Innovation +
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Pout, Alastair. „Modelling the movements of the Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus from radio-tracking data“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430054.
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This thesis explores ways of modelling of animal movement that are applicable to empirical data, using the Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus as the model species. Radio-tracking data on sparrowhawks were gathered during the breeding seasons of 2002 and 2003 in rural Aberdeenshire. In all, 15 sparrowhawks were tracked including provisioning males, females, non-breeding adults and dispersing juveniles. An analysis of quantified movements’ characteristics (move length, stopping times and distance from the nest site) in relation to behavioural, climatic and temporal variables, aggregated at various spatio-temporal scales, indicated that ambient temperature and wind speed affected sparrowhawk foraging range and the duration of foraging trips. There was however, little temporal pattern in recorded movements. A method of quantifying home range movements is proposed whereby habitually used sites were identified using cluster analysis of radio-tracking locations. The discrete movements around these sites by individual sparrowhawks can be considered as a Markov process and quantified in terms of a transition matrix. The equilibrium properties of such a matrix are then used to quantify the expected long term distribution of the individual within the home range. Modelling of transition probabilities suggests that much of the variation in observed movement patterns of three provisioning male sparrowhawks was explicable in terms of the spatial arrangement of the sites within the home range and that there was little variation between the behaviour of individual sparrowhawks. Finally, a mechanistic discrete space movement model was developed based on a few simple behavioural rules.
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Handley, Daniel Charles. „The modelling and optimal design of a three degree-of-freedom XYθz micro-motion stage“. 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/48304.
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This thesis presents an investigation of the modelling and optimal design of a particular 3-degree-of-freedom (DOF) XYθz micro-motion stage. This stage provides micron-scale motion in X and Y directions and a rotation about the Z-axis. Such a stage can be used for applications where positioning of components with micrometre, or even nanometre positioning accuracy is required. Some applications are; the positioning of samples in a scanning-electron-microscope; the positioning of masks in lithography; aligning fibre-optics and lasers; and manipulation of micro-scale objects in micro-biology or micro-systems assembly. The XYθz micro-motion stage investigated in this study uses a particular topology of monolithic compliant mechanism and three stack piezoelectric actuators. The compliant mechanism used is a 3RRR (three revolute-revolute-revolute) parallel compliant mechanism using flexure hinges. This parallel mechanism uses three RRR linkages. Each of the three RRR linkages uses three circular profile flexure hinges. Each flexure hinge provides predominantly rotational motion about one axis. This topology of mechanism has a symmetrical structure and provides numerous advantages that make it appropriate for use in a micro-motion stage. However, as yet this topology of compliant mechanism has only been investigated by a handful of researchers and it has not been used in any commercially developed systems. The design methodology of a stage using the 3RRR compliant mechanism has not been investigated in detail. In this thesis a study is presented that investigates different approaches to model the 3RRR compliant mechanism and also considers the piezo-actuator modelling, to give the complete XYθz micro-motion stage. Three models are presented and compared; the Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model (PRBM); a two-dimensional Finite-Element-Model (2-D FEM); and a third model is developed that is similar to the PRBM, but uses analytical equations to model the multiple degree-of-freedom compliance of the flexure hinges. The models developed are then used in parametric study so that the relationship between design parameters and output behaviour can be understood. An optimal design approach is then presented to develop an XYθz micro-motion stage for a particular application in a Scanning-Electron-Microscope (SEM). Finally experimental validation of the models is presented. The results of this study indicate which modelling approaches are accurate enough to prove useful for design, while also considering which models are computationally simple enough to be efficient and easy to use. The kinematic and dynamic behaviour of the 3RRR compliant mechanism and XYθz micro-motion stage is discussed in detail. This includes; a comprehensive description of the stage workspace, defining reachable and constant-rotation workspace areas; a discussion of actuator coupling; and in depth investigation of the modes of vibration. The results of the parametric study provide useful insight to aid the design of the XYz micro-motion stage and help simplify optimal design. The parametric study also highlights the difference in trends predicted by different modelling methods, which demonstrates the importance of using an appropriate model in design. The experimental validation demonstrates the accuracy of some modelling approaches while highlighting the limited accuracy of others.http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1272186
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Mechanical Engineering, 2007
Bücher zum Thema "Movement data modelling"
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Schifano, Norma. Macrovariation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804642.003.0004.
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Chapter 4 provides an analysis of the patterns of default verb movement identified in Chapters 2 and 3. First, it shows that the attested macro-typologies are not accidental choices of the languages, but rather stem from a compensatory mechanism between syntax and morphology in licensing the Tense, Aspect, and Mood (TAM) interpretation of the verb, whereby verb movement only occurs in cases of poor paradigmatic instantiation of TAM, that is in cases when TAM chief values are not expressed by synthetic and non-syncretic paradigms. Second, a technical implementation of this proposal is offered which allows the modelling of this instance of variation into a parameter hierarchy, along the lines envisaged by the Rethinking Comparative Syntax research group. To conclude, the data from Brazilian Portuguese are assessed against the expectations of the proposed mechanism.
Buchteile zum Thema "Movement data modelling"
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Ronchi, Enrico, und Daniel Nilsson. „Pedestrian Movement in Smoke: Theory, Data and Modelling Approaches“. In Crowd Dynamics, Volume 1, 37–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05129-7_3.
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Porshnev, Alexander, Ilya Redkin und Nikolay Karpov. „Modelling Movement of Stock Market Indexes with Data from Emoticons of Twitter Users“. In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 297–306. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25485-2_10.
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Widiputra, Harya, Russel Pears und Nikola Kasabov. „Personalised Modelling for Multiple Time-Series Data Prediction: A Preliminary Investigation in Asia Pacific Stock Market Indexes Movement“. In Advances in Neuro-Information Processing, 1237–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02490-0_150.
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Brillinger, David R., und Brent S. Stewart. „Elephant Seal Movements: Dive Types and Their Sequences“. In Modelling Longitudinal and Spatially Correlated Data, 275–88. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0699-6_24.
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Liesenfeld, Roman, Ingmar Nolte und Winfried Pohlmeier. „Modelling financial transaction price movements: a dynamic integer count data model“. In High Frequency Financial Econometrics, 167–97. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1992-2_8.
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„Data collection“. In Modelling Pedestrian Movement, 35–50. ICE Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/mpm.63815.035.
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„Modelling Urban Goods Transport“. In Logistics and Transport Modeling in Urban Goods Movement, 1–28. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8292-2.ch001.
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This chapter proposes an overview of the main urban goods transport movement approaches in more than 40 years of research in the field. A state of the art on urban goods transport modelling is proposed in the form of a chronology to examine the main four periods in urban goods transport modelling, the main approaches, and the main schools of thinking. After that, the main dominant approaches are defined and presented. The author observes that, although in literature there is the feeling that no unified approach is dominating the field, several dominant approaches can be found: the first concerns demand generation models, the second the way generation is linked to route definition and construction, the third to the units used, and the fourth to the use of origin-destination synthesis when few data are available and classical models are not able to be deployed. Finally, as a conclusion, the paper shows on the current state of the field, which has achieved various advances, shows the capacity to innovate in the near future.
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Stillwell, John, und Kirk Harland. „Analysing Interaction Data“. In Technologies for Migration and Commuting Analysis, 69–88. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-755-8.ch004.
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Large and complex interaction data sets present researchers with analytical challenges and this chapter attempts to identify and illustrate a number of ways to analyse origin-destination flows. Given the impossible task of providing a comprehensive review in such a limited space, certain analytical measures, modelling methods and visualisation techniques have been selected for inclusion, following an introduction to the notation commonly employed to represent interaction variables. Various Census and NHS patient register data sets are used to exemplify interaction measures, beginning with simple net balances and inflow/outflow ratios and moving onto indices of connectivity, inequality and distance moved. The multiplicative component framework is introduced as a particularly useful analytical approach. More sophisticated methods of modelling interaction data using statistical or mathematical calibration techniques are reviewed, examples of log-linear regression and spatial interaction model structure are highlighted in the context of historical calibration and a brief discussion of the use models for future projection is included. Maps that show patterns of geographical movement function as effective illustrative and research tools. Computerized mapping of geographical movement has evolved since the 1970s and 1980s and, in this chapter, we introduce a new method of mapping flows using vectors and illustrate this approach with micro data on pupils travelling to school. The chapter aims to provide a broad introduction to analysis methods for interaction data, many of which are subsequently applied in later chapters of the book.
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Chattoraj, Shovan L. „Debris Flow Modelling and Risk Assessment of Selected Landslides from Uttarakhand- Case Studies using Earth Observation Data“. In Advances in Geospatial Technologies, 111–21. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1814-3.ch006.
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Presently demand for process based modelling of mass movements encompassing snow avalanche, debris flows, landslides, mud flows and rock falls has increased manifold due to their devastating effect and mitigation challenges of disasters caused by such phenomena. Debris flows are multi-phase gravity-driven flows consisting of randomly dispersed interacting phases and therefore, are, extremely challenging to predict the dynamics, run-out distance and area of inundation related to such events which will facilitate mitigation as well as evaluation of simulated scenarios. The numerical simulation model predicts the motion of a geophysical mass movement from head to base in three dimensions. These process-based 3-D models can be utilized for better understanding of vulnerability of a complex mountainous terrain and design appropriate civil engineering structures to withstand the impact of potential flows like Ukhimath, Uttarkashi and Kedarnath.
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„Multiobjective Algorithm-Based Pareto Optimization for Modelling Trajectory Movement of MH370 Debris“. In Genetic Algorithms and Remote Sensing Technology for Tracking Flight Debris, 281–309. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1920-2.ch013.
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It is well-known that the altimeter satellite data can model the global world ocean circulation. In this view, the ocean dynamic circulation altimeter data is required to understand the drift movement of MH370 across the Indian ocean. The integration between the Volterra-Lax-Wendroff algorithm and Pareto optimal algorithm is used to investigate the dynamic movement of MH370 debris over annual current circulation across the Indian Ocean. This chapter shows that the maximum value of the hit-rate (HR) is 160%, which is occurring with an extreme rapidity of eddy current of 0.65 m/s. In conclusion, it is a great impossibility for the existence of the debris along Mozambique, Reunion Island, Madagascar coastal waters, and Mossel Bay, South Africa, as proven by the Pareto optimization.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Movement data modelling"
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Ketteringham, Laurence P., Simon A. Neild, Rick A. Hyde, Rosie J. S. Jones und Angela Davies Smith. „Intention Tremor in Multiple Sclerosis: Measuring and Modelling Arm Dynamics and Elbow Torque“. In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66140.
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This paper reports on a project to measure and control tremor in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). It discusses systems for measuring and modelling upper limb movements and intention tremor, together with initial movement measurement and torque modelling data. The system uses microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors to measure movements of the upper limb representative of everyday tasks. Surface electromyogram (EMG) measurements are taken simultaneously to provide gross muscle activity data. A dynamic model is used to simulate the movements, allowing particular sites to be studied in detail. Initial movement data is presented, comparing analysed EMG data and torque estimated by the dynamic model around the elbow joint. Despite the simple analysis, a good fit was obtained. The dynamic model includes a neuromuscular modelling system which will be used in future work to simulate the interactions between measured movements containing intention tremor and the intention behind them, allowing better understanding of the tremor and creating better descriptions of the tremor. Future work will use measured data and modelling to develop methods of attenuating intention tremor, by providing real-time feedback control of tremor reduction devices, without adversely affecting the underlying intended movement.
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„Impact of rainfall fluctuations and temperature variations on people movement in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Time Series Analysis of data from Somalia and Ethiopia“. In 22nd International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2017.a5.hassan.
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Li, Yingguang, Jing Zhou und Di Li. „A new concept to improve microwave heating uniformity through data-driven process modelling“. In Ampere 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9753.
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For a long time, the heating pattern of the workpiece within a multimode microwave oven was considered to be highly sophisticated. As a consequence, the uneven microwave heating problem can only be partly alleviated by a random movement between the electromagnetic field and the workpiece. In this paper, we reported that the heating pattern has a specific correspondence with microwave system settings. The influence factor of the heating pattern and the corresponding mechanism were systematically studied by both theoretical analysis and experimental investigations. On this basis, a data-driven process model was established to learn the material’s dynamic temperature behaviors under different microwave system settings, and a new concept to improve the microwave heating uniformity by temperature monitoring and active compensation was proposed. The effectiveness of the method was demonstrated by a polymer composite microwave processing case study.
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Rykkje, Thorstein R., Tord Tørressen und Håvard Løkkebø. „Modelling Buoy Motion at Sea“. In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10437.
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Abstract This project creates a model to assess the motion induced on a buoy at sea, under wave conditions. We use the Moving Frame Method (MFM) to conduct the analysis. The MFM draws upon concepts and mathematics from Lie group theory — SO(3) and SE(3) — and Cartan’s notion of Moving Frames. This, together with a compact notation from geometrical physics, makes it possible to extract the equations of motion, expeditiously. This work accounts for the masses and geometry of all components and for buoyancy forces and added mass. The resulting movement will be displayed on 3D web pages using WebGL. Finally, the theoretical results will be compared with experimental data obtained from a previous project done in the wave tank at HVL.
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Matthiesen, Sven, Tobias Schäfer und Sebastian Mangold. „Modelling and Simulation of the Hand-Arm-System During Impact Influences“. In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89467.
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Most common models of hand-arm systems describe the mechanical response by low accelerations and short movements. The focus of this paper is on impacts (over 4.000 m/s2) to the human hand-arm system, in this case caused by a bolt setting device. To develop an accurate model of the hand-arm system, the force needed to be measured without to influence the interaction. Because of the very short time period it is not possible to measure the reaction force directly. To investigate the effects of different operators on the behavior of the power tool, a two-degree-of-freedom model of hand-arm-systems is developed, to predict mechanical interactions of the hand-arm-system with the power tool. Inputs for this simulation model are movement, velocity and acceleration. The motion of the device in the heavy impact phase is tracked by a high-speed camera and time-synchronized acceleration sensors. Based on this data, a robust and easy model of a hand-arm system is presented.
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Karimian, Hamid, Pete Barlow, Chris Blackwell und Chris Campbell. „Finite Element Modelling of a Series of Ground Displacement Episodes and Stress Relief Procedures“. In ASME-ARPEL 2019 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2019-5339.
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Abstract The Wapiti River South Slope (the Slope) near Grand Prairie, Alberta, Canada, is 500 m long and consists of a steep lower slope and a shallower upper slope. Both the upper and the lower slopes are located within a landslide complex with ground movements of varying magnitudes and depths. The Alliance Pipeline (Alliance) NPS 42 Mainline (the pipeline) was installed in the winter of 2000 using conventional trenching techniques at an angle of approximately 8° to the slope fall line. Evidence of slope instability was observed in the slope since 2007. The surficial geology of the slope comprises a colluvium layer draped over bedrock formation in the lower slope, and glacial deposits in the upper slope. Available data indicated two different slide mechanisms. In the lower slope, there is a shallow translational slide within a colluvium layer, and in the upper slope there is a deep-seated translational slide within the glacial deposits. Both the upper and lower slope landslides have been confirmed to be active in the past decade. Gradual ground displacements in the order of several centimeters per year were observed in both the upper and lower slopes between 2007 and 2012. Large ground displacements in the order of several meters were observed between 2012 and 2014 in the lower slope that led to the first stress relief and subsequent slope mitigation measures in the spring and summer of 2014. Monitoring of the slope after mitigations indicated significant reduction in the rate of ground movement in the lower slope. Surveying of the pipeline before and after stress relief indicated an increase in lateral pipeline deformation in the direction of ground movement, following the stress relief. This observation raised questions regarding the effectiveness of partial stress relief to reduce stresses and strains associated with ground movements. Finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted in 2016 to aid in assessing the condition of the pipeline after being subject to ground displacements prior to 2014, stress relief in 2014, and subsequent ground displacement from July 2014 to December 2016. The results and findings of the FEA reasonably matched the observed pipeline behaviour before and after stress relief in the lower slope. The FEA results demonstrated that while the lateral displacement of the pipeline, originally caused by ground movement, increased following the removal of the soil loading during the stress relief, the maximum pipeline strain was reduced within the excavated portion. The FEA was also employed to assess the pipeline response to potential ground displacement scenarios following December 2016. For this assessment, three ground displacement scenarios that comprise different lengths of the pipeline were analyzed. An increased rate of ground displacement, with a pattern that matched one of the analyzed scenarios, was observed in the upper slope in the spring of 2017. The results of FEA were used to assess the pipeline response to the increased rate of displacement in the upper slope. Subsequently a decision was made to stress-relieve the pipeline. The second stress-relief was conducted in the summer of 2017. This stress relief was conducted locally at the toe and head of the active slide in the upper slope, where the FEA showed the greatest stress concentrations in the pipeline.
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Wong, C. K., R. G. Wan, R. Wong und B. Liu. „Physical Modelling on Buried Pipeline Response in Elasto-Viscoplastic Soils“. In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64249.
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Buried pipeline systems may traverse sections of unstable soil masses. Long-term ground movement may induce large strains on the pipe over time. To maintain the integrity of the pipeline, pipeline engineers and designers need to assess the frequency of critical ground movements to perform necessary remediation such as a stress relief procedure to prolong pipeline operation. The frequency of applying necessary remediation measures will vary depending on the rate of soil displacement in elasto-viscoplastic soils such as clay. Previous experimental work on simulating soil-pipe interactions was completed extensively on granular soils such as sand. Thus, an experimental program in simulating soil-pipe interaction for buried pipes in elasto-viscoplastic soils is highlighted in this paper. The experimental setup comprises a steel soil chamber (0.9 m in width and height, 2.4 m in length) with a steel pipe (150 mm diameter) being embedded in a compacted clay inside the chamber. The pipe is subjected to relative longitudinal, vertical uplift, and horizontal transverse displacements. The equipment setup has the ability to control and vary the displacement rate of the pipe. Hence, the effect of various displacement rates on the system response or the subgrade reaction can be studied. The system response or the subgrade reaction is recorded in a data acquisition system. In this paper, preliminary results of a vertical uplift test will be compared with existing guidelines from the American Lifelines Alliance (ALA). The ALA guidelines have yet to incorporate the effect of varying soil displacement rates in determining maximum loads subjected onto a pipeline.
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BEILICCI, Robert, und Erika Beata Maria BEILICCI. „Advance Hydraulic Modelling of Barzava River, Romania, Caras Severin County“. In Air and Water – Components of the Environment 2021 Conference Proceedings. Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/awc2021_17.
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Study case is situated in Caras Severin county. To solve theoretical problems of movement of water in the river Barzava, it requires modelling of water flow in this case. Numerical modelling was performed using the program MIKE11. Advanced computational modules are included for description of flow over hydraulic structures, including possibilities to describe structure operation. The Hydrodynamic (HD) module is the nucleus of the MIKE 11 modelling system and forms the basis for most modules including Flood Forecasting, Advection-Dispersion, Water Quality and Non-cohesive sediment transport modules. The MIKE 11 HD module solves the vertically integrated equations for the conservation of mass and momentum, i.e. the Saint-Venant equations. The input data are: area plan with location of cross sections; cross sections topographical data and roughness of river bed; flood discharge hydrograph. Advanced computational modules are included for description of flow over hydraulic structures, including possibilities to describe structure operation. After simulation with MIKE 11 result the water level in each cross section.
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Mohamed, Mohamed, Philip Bonello und Peter Russhard. „The Determination of Steady-State Movements Using Blade Tip Timing Data“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-75488.
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One of the main challenges of the Blade Tip Timing (BTT) measurement method is to be able to determine the sensing position of the probe relative to the blade tip. It is highly important to identify the measurement point of BTT since each point of the blade tip may have a different vibration response. This means that a change in measurement position will affect the amplitude, phase and DC component of the results obtained from BTT data. This increases the uncertainty in the correlation between BTT measurements and Finite Element (FE) modelling. Also, the measurement point should ideally be located to measure as many modes as possible. This means that the probe’s position should not coincide with a node, or a position at which the sensor misses the blade tip. Changes in the sensing position usually arise from the steady state movements of the blades (change in mean displacement). Such movements are caused by changes to the static (thermal and pressure) loading conditions that result from changes in the rotational speed. Such movements usually have a constant direction at normal operating conditions, but the direction may fluctuate if the machine develops a fault. There are three main types of movements of the sensing position that are considered in this paper: (1) axial movement; (2) blade lean; (3) blade untwist. Ideally, the sensing position is known based on the geometries of both the blade and the probe, but due to different types of movements of the blade this position is lost. Very few works have researched the extraction of the sensing position. Such preliminary works have required a pre-knowledge of mode shapes and additional instrumentation. The aim of this paper is to present a novel method for the identification of the BTT sensing position of the probes relative to a blade tip, which can be used to quantify the above movements. The developed method works by extracting the steady state offset from measurements of blade tip displacements over a number of revolutions as the speed changes from zero to a certain value. Hence, that part of the offset that is due to the angular positioning error of the probes (outside the scope of this work) is cancelled out (since it is independent of speed). The change in steady state offset is then processed to identify the three possible movements. The new method is validated using a novel BTT simulator that is based on the modal model of the FE model of a bladed disk (“blisk”). The simulator generates BTT data for prescribed changes to the sensing position. The validation tests show that the novel algorithm can identify such movements within a 2% margin of error.
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Bakhtyar, Fahad, und S. Kenny. „Development of a Fatigue Life Assessment Tool for Pipelines With Local Wrinkling Through Physical Testing and Numerical Modelling“. In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24082.
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Pipelines are one of the primary modes to transport hydrocarbon products throughout the world. A majority of these pipeline systems are buried, which are susceptible to ground movement that imposes axial forces and bending moments on the pipeline section. As a result of these forces and moments pipeline section may experience localized deformation that result in wrinkling, buckling and other damage mechanisms. This may impair the pipeline mechanical performance with respect to local stress concentration, lower strength and reduced fatigue life. Cyclic operational loads or ground movement events may result in strain reversals within the pipeline section that may lead to fracture through low cycle fatigue process. In this study, physical testing was conducted to examine the strength and fatigue life performance characteristics of hot rolled steel (44-W). The effects of the test sample bend radius, wall thickness and imposed displacement stroke range on fatigue performance were examined. The data was used to develop and refine continuum finite element modeling procedures that can be used to assess the influence of pipeline damage on fatigue life in a more detailed numerical simulation framework.