Thematische Bibliographien / Movement assistance

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Movement assistance“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 8. Februar 2025

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Movement assistance"

Blondel, Jean-Luc. „Assistance to protected persons“. International Review of the Red Cross 27, Nr. 260 (Oktober 1987): 451–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400023147.

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The questions facing the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement today are no different from those with which the Movement began: What is the best way to help? How can we give immediate aid and also provide long-term protection? To answer these questions we have to go back to the early years of the Movement.

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Kramer, Kathryn D., und Kermit B. Nash. „The Sickle Cell Mutual Assistance Movement“. Journal of Health & Social Policy 5, Nr. 3-4 (31.10.1994): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j045v05n03_12.

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Cancrini, Adriana, Paolo Baitelli, Matteo Lavit Nicora, Matteo Malosio, Alessandra Pedrocchi und Alessandro Scano. „The effects of robotic assistance on upper limb spatial muscle synergies in healthy people during planar upper-limb training“. PLOS ONE 17, Nr. 8 (08.08.2022): e0272813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272813.

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Background Robotic rehabilitation is a commonly adopted technique used to restore motor functionality of neurological patients. However, despite promising results were achieved, the effects of human-robot interaction on human motor control and the recovery mechanisms induced with robot assistance can be further investigated even on healthy subjects before translating to clinical practice. In this study, we adopt a standard paradigm for upper-limb rehabilitation (a planar device with assistive control) with linear and challenging curvilinear trajectories to investigate the effect of the assistance in human-robot interaction in healthy people. Methods Ten healthy subjects were instructed to perform a large set of radial and curvilinear movements in two interaction modes: 1) free movement (subjects hold the robot handle with no assistance) and 2) assisted movement (with a force tunnel assistance paradigm). Kinematics and EMGs from representative upper-limb muscles were recorded to extract phasic muscle synergies. The free and assisted interaction modes were compared assessing the level of assistance, error, and muscle synergy comparison between the two interaction modes. Results It was found that in free movement error magnitude is higher than with assistance, proving that task complexity required assistance also on healthy controls. Moreover, curvilinear tasks require more assistance than standard radial paths and error is higher. Interestingly, while assistance improved task performance, we found only a slight modification of phasic synergies when comparing assisted and free movement. Conclusions We found that on healthy people, the effect of assistance was significant on task performance, but limited on muscle synergies. The findings of this study can find applications for assessing human-robot interaction and to design training to maximize motor recovery.

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Couto, Berenice Rojas. „Social Assistance in relief: a necessary movement“. Revista Katálysis 18, Nr. 1 (Juni 2015): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1414-49802015000100001.

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Yang, Min-hyeok, Seung-un Chae und Jong-hoon Kim. „Performance Evaluation of Horizontal Movement Support Devices for the Vulnerable in Fire Incidents“. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 22, Nr. 1 (28.02.2022): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2022.22.1.135.

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In the event of a fire in nursing homes and hospitals, those unable to move by themselves should seek the help of an assistant. However, there are not enough staff to help evacuate everyone at the hospital, making it difficult to depend on the help of assistants to evacuate everyone. Therefore, an autonomous movement that does not require an assistant can be a very effective means of evacuation in such cases. In this study, an evaluation of the accuracy, required time, obstacle avoidance, and passing performance of the aid device to arrive at the set target point were presented. The test results show that it is necessary to position the parking area considering safety factors such as the error range of the designated arrival point of the horizontal evacuation assistance device and the waiting point for vertical movement.

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Hong, Jing-Chen, Hiroki Ohashi und Hiroyasu Iwata. „High-Dorsiflexion Assistive System for Passive Swing Phase Dorsiflexion Training and Preventing Compensatory Movements“. Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 34, Nr. 1 (20.02.2022): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2022.p0121.

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Over the last few years, numerous robotic ankle-foot orthoses have been developed to help stroke patients optimize gait rehabilitation. In this paper, we present a study on the effects of assistance on dorsiflexion-restricted gait. Our high-dorsiflexion assistive system aims to provide full assistance to realize passive training of dorsiflexion during the swing phase and prevent compensatory movements. This system, which includes a McKibben-type artificial muscle and an air source, is lightweight and provides a high-dorsiflexion torque. The device could help boost overground gait rehabilitation in stroke patients. With this system, we conducted an experiment on five healthy participants whose dorsiflexion movements were restricted, and the extent of their compensatory movements differed. The results of the processed surface electromyography data differed significantly when dorsiflexion movement was assisted by our system. The spatial parameters also showed significantly improved compensatory movement inclination with sufficient assistance. These results indicate the potential of our system to assist in passive training of ankle dorsiflexion movements and to prevent incorrect gait in patients with low dorsiflexion abilities.

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Zhang, Xia, und Minoru Hashimoto. „Interaction Approach for Movement-Assist Control Using Neural Oscillators“. International Journal of Automation Technology 3, Nr. 6 (05.11.2009): 741–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2009.p0741.

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In this paper we propose a framework of realizing natural assist behavior with a movement-assist suit inspired by human interaction. Since human interaction can be thought as synchronization behavior common in movement assistance between human beings, to achieve human-like movement assistance, synchronization-based control is applied to a movement-assist suit. We use neural oscillators to entrain and synchronize suit movement with that of users. To determine validity and feasibility, we examine the proposal for whether (1) synchronization of action between human and movement-assist suit can be realized, (2) the assist effect can be obtained, and (3) the proposed method is comfortable for users. To determine these points, we simulated movement assistance and conducted experiments with a joint-torque-sensing assist suit. Results demonstrated that synchronized movement was realized and that a movement-assistance effect was implemented. Results of evaluation experiments showed the good usability the suit has as proposed, confirming the proposal's applicability and performance.

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Bertossi, Dario, Dario Donadello, Giamaica Conti, Luca Calogero Carletta, Andrea Sbarbati, Claudia Corega, Alessandra Luise Marie Magistretti et al. „Orthodontics Surgical Assistance (Piezosurgery®): Experimental Evidence According to Clinical Results“. Applied Sciences 12, Nr. 3 (20.01.2022): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031048.

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Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is based on intermitted or continuous forces applied to teeth, changing the mechanical loading of the system and arousing a cellular response that leads to bone adaptation. The traditional orthodontic movement causes a remodeling of the alveolar bone and changes in the periodontal structures that lead to tooth movement. The use of a piezoelectric instrument in orthodontic surgery has already shown great advantages. The purpose of this study is to rank the behavior of inflammatory mediators in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. Ten patients with malocclusion underwent orthodontic surgical treatment, which included a first stage of surgically guided orthodontic movement (monocortical tooth dislocation and ligament distraction, MTDLD) to accelerate orthodontic movements. In all cases, corticotomy was performed by Piezosurgery. Bone and dental biopsy was executed to evaluate changes in the cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IL-2 in different time intervals (1, 2, 7, 14 and 28 days). The molecular mediators are IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and IL-2. Immediately after the surgical procedure there was a mild expression of the three molecular markers, while the assertion of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha reached the maximum value after 24 h and 48 h, indicating a strong activation of the treated tissues. The Piezosurgery® surgical technique induces an evident stress in short times, within 24–48 h from the treatment, but it decreases significantly during the follow-up.

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Kadivar, Zahra, Christopher E. Beck, Roger N. Rovekamp und Marcia K. O’Malley. „Single limb cable driven wearable robotic device for upper extremity movement support after traumatic brain injury“. Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering 8 (Januar 2021): 205566832110024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20556683211002448.

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Introduction Recently, soft exosuits have been proposed for upper limb movement assistance, most supporting single joint movements. We describe the design of a portable wearable robotic device (WRD), “Armstrong,” able to support three degrees-of-freedom of arm movements, and report on its feasibility for movement support of individuals with hemiparesis after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods We introduce Armstrong and report on a pilot evaluation with two male individuals post-TBI (T1 and T2) and two healthy individuals. Testing involved elbow flexion/extension with and without robotic-assisted shoulder stabilization; shoulder abduction with and without robotic-assisted elbow stabilization; and assisted shoulder abduction and flexion. Outcome measures included range of motion and root mean square trajectory and velocity errors. Results TBI subjects performed active, passive, hybrid and active assistive movements with Armstrong. Subjects showed improvements in movement trajectory and velocity. T1 benefited from hybrid, active, and assistive modes due to upper extremity weakness and muscle tone. T2 benefited from hybrid and assistive modes due to impaired coordination. Healthy subjects performed isolated movements of shoulder and elbow with minimal trajectory and velocity errors. Conclusions This study demonstrates the safety and feasibility of Armstrong for upper extremity movement assistance for individuals with TBI, with therapist supervision.

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Adkar, Vrunda, Sachin Bhat, Krishna Kumar P, Shareen Noronha und Chetan R. „Tongue driven wireless assistance technology for wheelchair movement“. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 49, Nr. 6 (25.07.2017): 345–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v49p252.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Movement assistance"

Ward, Peter W. „Optimizing ship-to-shore movement for Hospital Ship humanitarian assistance operations“. Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/08Mar%5FWard.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2008.
Thesis Advisor(s): Salmeron, Javier. "March 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on May 16, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60). Also available in print.

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Hill, Tyler N. „Development of a prototype movement assistance system for extravehicular activity gloves“. Thesis, The University of North Dakota, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1583134.

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Spacesuits utilized a rubberized layer of material to contain a pressurized atmosphere to facilitate respiration and maintain the physiologic functions of the astronaut residing within. However, the elasticity of the material makes it resistant to deformation increasing the amount of work required during movement. This becomes particularly fatiguing for the muscle groups controlling the motion of the hands and fingers. To mitigate this a robotic system was proposed and developed. The system built upon previous concepts and prototypes discovered through research efforts. It utilized electric motors to pull the index, ring, and middle fingers of the right hand closed, ideally overcoming the resistive force posed by the pressurized elastic material. The effect of the system was determined by comparing qualitative and quantitative data obtained during activities conducted with and without it within a glove box. It was found that the system was able to offload some of this elastic force though several characteristics of the design limited the full potential this device offered. None the less, the project was met with success and provides a solid platform for continued research and development.

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Cisse, Ousmane. „L’assistance administrative, en matière fiscale, dans l’union européenne“. Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131045.

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La libération complète des mouvements de capitaux, devenue tangible depuis le 1er juillet 1990, autorise les ressortissants d'un EM à placer leur épargne dans un autre EM sans aucun obstacle. En l'absence de réglementation européenne, les EM ont toute latitude pour adopter toutes les règles qu'ils jugent nécessaires et souhaitables pour « appâter » les contribuables. Dès lors, les finalités recherchées par la libre circulation des capitaux ne sont pas nécessairement celles produites : certains contribuables sont tentés de placer leurs actifs non pas selon des particularités des différentes offres de placement, mais seulement pour éluder l'impôt. Dans ces conditions, l’assistance administrative « peut » permettre de lutter contre la fraude et l’évasion fiscales en accordant à une administration fiscale la possibilité de réaliser certains actes à l’extérieur de ses frontières nationales sans être entravée par les limites qu’impose la souveraineté d'autres Etats. Toutefois, une question subsiste : l’assistance ainsi accordée repose-t-elle sur une obligation consentie ou sur une obligation imposée ? De cette réponse procède l’efficacité de la procédure d’entraide administrative. En effet, l’intensité de l’assistance administrative dépend des moyens mis en oeuvre pour sa réalisation. Ainsi, le mécanisme d’assistance administrative de l’UE se caractérise, dans sa forme, par une adjonction d’exceptions, de restrictions et de toutes sortes de limitations à l’application des différentes mesures. Ainsi, tantôt dans leur totalité, tantôt sur des dispositions particulières, ces mesures ont été amputées de leur substance. Dès lors, les causes de refus sont multiples et parfois discrétionnaires. Aujourd’hui, on se retrouve avec des textes qui éclairent davantage sur ce qu’ils ne font pas que sur ce qu’ils font. En définitive, les dispositions de l’assistance administrative de l’UE laissent beaucoup à désirer : les mesures qu’elles ne proposent pas sont bien plus nombreuses et bien plus importantes que celles qu’elles préconisent. En réalité, ces dispositions servent surtout d’instrument de coordination et non un outil de coopération ou de rapprochement des législations. En sommes, si l’assistance administrative en droit européen « fait souvent double emploi avec les conventions fiscales internationales », elle n’impose pas aux EM un dispositif plus contraignant. Dans ces conditions, on est en droit de se demander si en l’état de la construction européenne, il est judicieux de garder un dispositif qui ne se démarque pas du droit conventionnel ? C’est ainsi qu’à défaut d’une intégration positive juridique qui renforcerait l’efficacité du mécanisme d’assistance administrative de l’UE, il pourrait être envisagé d’autres voies pour en optimiser le fonctionnement : une européanisation du modèle d’assistance OCDE
The administrative assistance, in tax matters, in the European Union

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Rowe, Justin Bradley. „Evaluating robotic assistance and developing a wearable hand activity monitor to improve upper extremity movement recovery after stroke“. Thesis, University of California, Irvine, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3727453.

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In their daily lives, stroke survivors must often choose between attempting upper-extremity activities using their impaired limb, or compensating with their less impaired limb. Choosing their impaired limb can be difficult and discouraging, but might elicit beneficial neuroplasticity that further reduces motor impairments, a phenomenon referred to as “the virtuous cycle”. In contrast, compensation is often quicker, easier, and more effective, but can reinforce maladaptive changes that limit motor recovery, a phenomenon referred to as “learned non-use”. This dissertation evaluated the role of robotic assistance in, and designed a wearable sensing system for, promoting the virtuous cycle.

In the first half of the dissertation, we use the FINGER robot to test the hypothesis that robotic assistance during clinical movement training triggers the virtual cycle. FINGER consists of two singly-actuated mechanisms that assist individuated movement of the index and middle fingers. 30 chronic stroke participants trained in FINGER using a GuitarHero-like game for nine sessions. Half were guided by an adaptive impedance controller towards a success rate of 85%, while the other half were guided towards 50%. Increasing assistance to enable successful practice decreased effort, but primarily for less-impaired participants. Overall, however, high success practice was as effective (or more) as low success practice and even more effective for highly impaired individuals. Participants who received high assistance training were more motivated and reported using their impaired hand more at home. These results support the hypothesis that high assistance clinical movement training motivates impaired hand use, leading to greater use of the hand in daily life, resulting in a self-training effect that reduces motor impairment.

The second half of the dissertation describes the development of the manumeter - a non-obtrusive wearable device for monitoring and incentivizing impaired hand use. Contrasted against wrist accelerometry (the most comparable technology), the manumeter uses a magnetic ring and a wristband with mangetometers to detect wrist and finger movement rather than gross arm movement. We describe 1) the inference of wrist and finger movement from differential magnetometer readings using a radial basis function network, 2) initial testing in which distance traveled estimates were within 94.7%±19.3 of their goniometricly measured values, 3) experiments with non-impaired participants in which the manumeter detected some functional activities better than wrist accelerometry, and 4) improvements to the hardware and data processing that allow both subject-independent tracking of the position of the finger relative to the wrist (RMS errors < 1cm) and highly reliable detection of whether the hand is open or closed. Its performance and non-obtrusive design make the manumeter well suited for measuring and reinforcing impaired hand use in daily life after stroke.

The contributions of this dissertation are experimental confirmation that high assistance movement training promotes the virtuous cycle, and development of a wearable sensor for monitoring hand movement in daily life. Training with robotic assistance and hand use feedback may ultimately help individuals with stroke recover to their full potential.

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Alam, Aqeeb Rafi. „Doing Everyday Justice: labour, resources, and emotions in the community legal sector“. Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/21056.

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Community legal centres (CLCs) emerged from social movements organising for increased access to justice for disadvantaged Australians. Over the past decades, however, CLCs have become increasingly integrated into the mainstream legal system and derive the majority of their funding from state and federal governments. This has generated tensions between their frontline services in assisting clients with legal matters and their goals of systemic advocacy, law reform, and community education, particularly as conservative governments continue to limit the political activities of CLCs and threaten ever-impending funding cuts. This turbulent relationship between governments and CLCs has an impact on the everyday realities in these organisations, including the values, identities, activities, and actions of the people who work, manage, and volunteer in CLCs. This thesis will argue that everyday realities of work in the New South Wales CLC sector have a structural impact on the provision of services for clients and the community. By employing critical sociological perspectives on everyday life, organisations, social movements, and law and justice, this thesis will consider how CLC work practices aim to navigate tensions between resource scarcity, the chaos this produces in the sector, and organisational goals of expanding access to justice. This thesis will ultimately argue that to understand CLCs, we must examine how labour is recognised and alienated in the sector, how CLCs become fragmented as a result of government policy, and how CLCs mobilise power in intriguing, multi-faceted ways. This thesis expands the scholarship on social movement and legal organisations and reaches a sociological understanding on the relationship between labour, resources, emotions, power and the ‘doing of everyday justice’

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Quesada, Lucas. „Vers un contrôle d'assistance intuitif d'un exosquelette via les signaux électromyographiques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASW009.

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Les exosquelettes sont des dispositifs prometteurs notamment pour la prévention de troubles musculo-squelettiques, pour la rééducation post-AVC ou pour compenser les pertes motrices après une lésion médullaire. Afin de pouvoir intégrer l'industrie, les hôpitaux ou les résidences, ils doivent cependant être contrôlés de manière adaptée.Pour cela, il est d'abord nécessaire d'établir quelle assistance doit être apportée lors du mouvement de l'utilisateur. Ces travaux de thèse ont donc d'abord visé à développer et évaluer des techniques de détection d'intention basées sur les signaux électromyographiques. L'évaluation de leur précision a alors montré que le mouvement que l'utilisateur souhaite effectuer et la force qu'il souhaite appliquer à son environnement peuvent être estimés en temps réel à partir de ces signaux.Une fois cette évaluation effectuée, ces travaux ont ensuite été dédiés au développement d'un contrôleur d'assistance exploitant cette estimation. Plusieurs contrôleurs ont alors été proposés et testés sur une tâche fonctionnelle de déplacement d'une masse d'un point à un autre. Les variables liées à l'énergie mécanique et l'intuitivité du mouvement ont ainsi été évaluées, montrant la réduction de l'effort de l'utilisateur assisté, et l'existence d'un compromis entre l'intuitivité et la force de l'assistance. Ces travaux ouvrent des perspectives intéressantes quant à l'utilisation de signaux électromyographiques dans le cadre de l'assistance au mouvement dans un exosquelette
Exoskeletons are promising devices, particularly for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders, post-stroke rehabilitation or compensating for motor loss after spinal cord injury. However, they need to be properly controlled before they can be used in industry, hospitals or homes.To achieve this, it is first necessary to establish what assistance needs to be provided during the user's movement. The aim of this thesis work was therefore first to develop and evaluate intention detection techniques based on electromyographic signals. Evaluation of their accuracy showed that the movement the user wishes to make and the force he wishes to apply to his environment can be estimated in real time from these signals.Once this assessment had been made, this work was then dedicated to the development of an assistance controller exploiting this estimation. Several controllers were proposed and tested on the functional task of moving a mass from one point to another. Variables linked to the mechanical energy and intuitiveness of the movement were evaluated, demonstrating the reduction in effort required by the assisted user, and the existence of a compromise between intuitiveness and the strength of the assistance. This work opens up interesting prospects for the use of electromyographic signals to assist movement in an exoskeleton

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Pila, Ophélie. „Apport d’un entraînement utilisant un dispositif robotisé sur la motricité du membre supérieur chez des patients présentant une hémiparésie après un accident vasculaire cérébral“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0078.

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Le syndrome de parésie spastique consécutif à un accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) comprend plusieurs composantes dont la rétraction musculaire, la parésie sensible à l’étirement et l’hyperactivité musculaire, trois symptômes concourant à une altération de la fonction motrice du membre supérieur dans l’hémiparésie. Les progrès d’un patient atteint par ce syndrome peuvent reposer sur deux types de plasticité cérébrale : post-lésionnelle et liée à l’activité. Les maîtres-mots pour optimiser une récupération motrice par la plasticité liée à l’activité sont : intensité, répétition, effort, attention portée au mouvement, tâche dirigée vers un but et mouvement actif. Au regard des différentes techniques de rééducation, la thérapie utilisant un dispositif robotisé répond à ces principes stimulateurs de la plasticité cérébrale liée à l’activité. Cependant les modalités exactes de l’intervention robotisée et sa durée souhaitable n’ont pas été clarifiées.Une première étude rétrospective a montré que les bénéfices cliniques et cinématiques associés à l’utilisation combinée de l’ergothérapie conventionnelle et de la robot-thérapie sur au moins trois mois suggèrent l’intérêt d’une durée de traitement longue chez des patients aux limitations modérées en phase tardive de la période subaiguë. Une deuxième étude rétrospective suggère qu’à quatre ans, l’évolution lente de la fonction motrice pour ces mêmes patients semble fonction de la sévérité initiale, où finalement les moins bons régressent et les meilleurs s’améliorent un peu. Enfin, une étude prospective randomisée contrôlée en phase subaiguë a démontré que l’entraînement de mouvements sur robot sans assistance améliore l’amplitude active d’extension du coude plus que le même entraînement avec assistance au besoin, qui pourtant a permis au patient d’effectuer environ un tiers de mouvements en plus par séance. Aussi, le facteur difficulté de l’effort prévaudrait sur celui du nombre de répétitions pour stimuler la plasticité cérébrale. Ce dernier principe ne s’exprime cependant que sur le mouvement élémentaire qui est directement entraîné par le robot, en l’occurrence l’extension du coude, tandis que d’autres mouvements fondamentaux dans l’utilisation du bras humain, par exemple la flexion de l’épaule en charge, l’extension du poignet et la préhension digitale, ne sont pas exercés avec la plupart des versions actuelles des robots d’assistance à la rééducation. L’autre limite majeure de la thérapie assistée par un dispositif robotisé est qu’elle ignore la maladie musculaire présentée par les patients (rétractions), ne s’adressant qu’à la composante neurologique de la parésie spastique (parésie de l’agoniste et cocontraction de l’antagoniste). C’est ainsi que malgré le grand nombre de répétitions de mouvements qu’elle permet, nous n’avons pas constaté que la thérapie assistée par un robot se montrait plus efficace que la thérapie conventionnelle seule sur la progression de la fonction globale du membre supérieur en phase subaiguë après un AVC.Les données issues de ce travail devraient permettre aux thérapeutes ayant accès à des dispositifs robotisés d’aide à la rééducation du membre supérieur d’affiner les modalités et la durée de leur prise en charge. L’association de la thérapie assistée par robots à d’autres thérapies pourrait permettre d’optimiser la réduction des troubles moteurs dans l’hémiparésie après un AVC
Following stroke, the syndrome of deforming spastic paresis includes several components in which three main symptoms, soft tissue contracture, stretch-sensitive paresis and spastic muscle overactivity, impede motor function. Patient progress may utilize two types of brain plasticity: lesion-induced and behavior-induced. The key notions to optimize motor recovery through behavior-induced plasticity are: repetition, effort, attention to movement, goal-directed task and active movement. Robot-assisted therapy fulfills all these conditions. However, the exact modalities of use and optimal duration are yet to be defined.From a first retrospective study, the magnitude of the clinical and kinematic benefits associated with the combined use of robot-assisted and conventional occupational therapies during three months suggest the value of a long duration treatment in the late subacute phase for moderately impaired hemiparetic patients. A second retrospective study observed the four-year long-term evolution of motor function for these patients, which appears to be related to the baseline severity, in which the more severely affected deteriorate and the less severe patients improve a little. Finally, a prospective randomized controlled study demonstrated that non-assisted movement training was associated with greater active elbow extension improvement than training with the assist-as-needed modality even though the latter offered the patient 33% movements more in each session. Therefore, the difficulty of effort appears to be a more effective factor of brain plasticity than the number of movement repetitions. This principle has however been demonstrated only for the primary movement directly trained by the robot, that is, elbow extension. The other movements that are essential in human upper limb use, such as shoulder flexion, wrist extension, gross and fine digit prehension, are not trained with the most current versions of robots used in upper limb rehabilitation. In addition, another important limitation of robot-assisted therapy is that it ignores the muscle disorder (antagonist shortening) of spastic paresis by focusing only on the neural disorder component (paresis in agonists and cocontraction in antagonists). Despite the high number of movement repetitions in robot-assisted therapy, our prospective study has not been able to show superiority of robot-assisted therapy over conventional occupational therapy in improving overall upper limb motor function in the subacute phase after stroke.The findings of this work should help therapists with access to robotic devices to refine the modalities and duration of their use in patient care. Combining robot-assisted therapy with other therapies might optimize the reduction of motor disorder in hemiparesis following stroke

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Santos, Iraci. „Direito a ter direitos: assistência social à população adulta em situação de rua em Salvador“. Universidade Catolica de Salvador, 2014. http://ri.ucsal.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456730/271.

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Esta dissertação versa sobre a rede socioassistencial destinada ao atendimento da população adulta em situação de rua em Salvador - BA. Entende-se esse segmento populacional como uma das expressões da questão social presente nas cidades, agravada pelas políticas neoliberais adotadas pelo Brasil, que provocaram no país o processo de reestruturação produtiva, privatizações e restrições de investimentos nas políticas públicas. A partir desse pressuposto, descrevemos como tais orientações levaram ao agravamento do desemprego na década de 1990 até os primeiros anos deste novo milênio, ocasionando um aumento do exército de trabalhadores alijados do mercado e, conseqüentemente, o crescimento do número de pessoas vivendo nas ruas. Abordamos a evolução da proteção e da Política de Assistência Social, após a promulgação da Magna Carta de 1988, o conceito e o perfil desses sujeitos e a luta deflagrada pelo Movimento Nacional da População de Rua pela garantia de direitos. Nesse contexto, analisamos as instituições mantidas pelos governos municipal e estadual, além da assistência prestada pelas entidades confessionais. Nas visitas aos equipamentos socioassitenciais observamos, que às instalações não são suficientes e nem adequadas para atender o contingente de moradores em situação de rua na capital baiana. Outro aspecto constatado é que o quadro de recursos humanos é constituído, em sua maioria, por profissionais terceirizados, o que vai de encontro às normativas proclamadas para garantir os direitos desse grupo. Nas entrevistas realizadas com os assistidos apuramos o desejo de reinserção social. Verificamos, portanto, com o estudo que os serviços de acolhimento estão voltados basicamente para atender de forma precária às necessidades básicas desse público, deixando em plano secundário medidas voltadas para a inclusão social de homens e mulheres que fazem da rua seu local de moradia e sustento.
This dissertation discusses the social assistance network involving the homeless adult population of Salvador, Bahia. This segment of the population is a phenomenon of urban social issues, which have been aggravated by the neo-liberal policies adopted by Brazil that placed the country under a process of productive restructuring, privatizations and restrictions on investments in public policies. On this basis, we describe how these guidelines worsened the level of unemployment during the 1990s through to the first years of this millennium, causing a growth in the army of workers excluded from the market and, consequently, the rise in the number of people living on the streets. We address the evolution of the Social Assistance Policy and protection, following the enactment of the 1988 Constitution, the concept and profile of these subjects, and the fight for the guarantee of their rights, sponsored by the National Movement of the Homeless People. In this context we analyze the institutions maintained by both the municipal and state governments, as well as the assistance provided by religious entities. Visiting the social assistance establishments we found that these facilities are insufficient and inadequate to meet the needs of the number of homeless people in Salvador. Another aspect was that the staff was mostly comprised of outsourced professionals, which goes against the standards for ensuring the rights of this group. Interviews with the assisted people revealed their desire of belonging and of citizenship, corroborating our views that the care services are precarious, do not meet the basic needs of this public, and consider of lesser importance measures aimed at the social inclusion of men and women who make the streets their home and livelihood.

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Neumann, Cora Lockwood. „Examining the role of traditional health networks in the Karen self determination movement along the Thai-Burma border : examining indigenous medical systems and practice among displaced populations along the Thai-Burma border“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e9a5b7a1-5b9c-43ba-9dcb-250f53b33128.

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According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), by 2012 there were 15.4 million refugees and 28.8 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) forced to flee their homes due to war or violent conflict across the globe. Upon arrival in their host settings, forced migrants struggle with acute health and material needs, as well as issues related to identity, politics, power and place. The Karen ethnic minority of Burma (also known as Myanmar) has been involved in a prolonged civil conflict with the Burmese military government for nearly six decades. This fighting has resulted in massive internal displacement and refugee flight, and although a ceasefire was signed in 2012, continued violence has been reported. This study among the displaced Karen population along the Thai-Burma border examines the relationships between traditional – or indigenous – medicine, the population's health needs, and the broader social and political context. Research was conducted using an ethnographic case-study approach among 170 participants along the Thai-Burma border between 2003 and 2011. Research findings document the rapid evolution and formalisation of the Karen traditional medical system. Findings show how the evolutionary process was influenced by social needs, an existing base medical knowledge among traditional health practitioners, and a dynamic social and political environment. Evidence suggests that that Karen traditional medicine practitioners, under the leadership of the Karen National Union (KNU) Department of Health and Welfare, are serving neglected and culturally-specific health needs among border populations. Moreover, this research also provides evidence that Karen authorities are revitalising their traditional medicine, as part of a larger effort to strengthen their social infrastructure including the Karen self-determination movement. In particular, these Karen authorities are focused on building a sustainable health infrastructure that can serve Karen State in the long term. From the perspectives of both refugee health and development studies, the revival of Karen traditional medicine within a refugee and IDP setting represents an adaptive response by otherwise medically under-served populations. This case offers a model of healthcare self-sufficiency that breaks with the dependency relationships characteristic of most conventional refugee and IDP health services. And, through the mobilisation of tradition for contemporary needs, it offers a dimension of cultural continuity in a context where discontinuity and loss of culture are hallmarks of the forced migration experience.

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Thorslund, Birgitta. „Effects of hearing loss on traffic safety and mobility“. Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-111933.

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The aim of this PhD thesis was to investigate traffic safety and mobility for individuals with hearing loss (HL). Three studies were conducted: 1. a questionnaire survey aimed to evaluate differences in choice of transportation that might be related to HL, 2. a driving simulator study that looked into compensatory strategies and evaluated the efficiency of a tactile signal to alert the driver, and 3. a field study to evaluate these effects in real traffic and to evaluate a navigation system with a supportive tactile signal. The effects of HL discovered in this thesis add to the knowledge and understanding of the influence of HL on traffic safety and mobility. Differences found consistently point to a generally more cautious behavior. Compensatory and coping strategies associated with HL are bound to driving complexity and appear when complexity increases. These strategies include driving at lower speeds, using a more comprehensive visual search behavior and being less engaged in distracting activities. Evaluation of a tactile signal showed that by adding a tactile modality, some driver assistance systems can also be made accessible to drivers with HL. At the same time, the systems might be more effective for all users, since the driver can be more focused on the road. Based on the results in this thesis, drivers with HL cannot be considered an increased traffic safety risk, and there should be no need for adjustments of the requirements of hearing for a license to drive a car.
Syftet med den här doktorsavhandlingen var att undersöka trafiksäkerhet och mobilitet för individer med hörselnedsättning (HN). Tre studier har genomförts: 1. en enkätstudie för att undersöka skillnader i transportvanor relaterade till HN, 2. en körsimulatorstudie for att titta på kompensatoriska strategier och utvärdera effektiviteten i en taktil signal för att påkalla förarens uppmärksamhet och 3. en fältstudie för att undersöka effekterna i riktig trafik samt utvärdera ett navigationssystem med en taktil signal som stöd för navigering. Effekterna av HN som kom fram i denna avhandling bidrar till kunskapen och förståelsen för hur HN påverkar trafiksäkerhet och mobilitet. De funna skillnaderna pekar konsistent mot ett generelltmera försiktigt beteende. Kompensatoriska - och copingstrategier förknippade med HN beror på körkomplexitet och observeras när komplexiteten ökar. Dessa strategier innebär körning med lägre hastighet, mera heltäckande visuell avsökning och mindre engagemang i distraherande uppgifter. Utvärdering av en taktil signal visade att genom att lägga till en taktil modalitet kan vissa förarstödsystem bli tillgängliga även för förare med HN. Samtidigt kan systemen bli mera effektiva för alla användare eftersom föraren då kan fokusera mera på vägen. Baserat på resultaten i den här avhandlingen kan inte förare med HN betraktas som någon förhöjd risk och det bör därmed inte finnas något behov av att justera hörselkraven när det gäller körkortsinnehav.

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Bücher zum Thema "Movement assistance"

Woodson, Robert L. Has the civil rights movement lost the key to social progress? Chesapeake, Va: National Perspectives Institute, 1986.

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P, Sullivan Mark, und Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service, Hrsg. Peru's shining path: Background on the movement, counterinsurgency strategy, and U.S. policy. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1993.

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Everett, Melissa. Sanctuary: A ministry of assistance and solidarity. Herausgegeben von United Methodist Church (U.S.). General Board of Global Missions. National Program Division. New York, NY (475 Riverside Dr., New York 10115): National Program Division, General Board of Global Ministries, United Methodist Church, 1986.

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Noreen, Branson, Hrsg. The aid to Spain movement in Battersea 1936-1939. London: Elmfield Publications, 1994.

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Wenander, Henrik. Fri rörlighet i Norden: Nordiska gränshinder i rättslig belysning. Lund: Juristförlaget i Lund, 2014.

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Heller, Patrick. A civic movement, or a movement of civics?: The South African National Civic Organisation in the post-apartheid period. Johannesburg: Centre for Policy Studies, 2001.

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Romero, Federico. The United States and the European trade union movement, 1944-1951. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992.

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Z, Bien, Stefanov Dimitar und International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (8th : 2003 : Hanʼguk Kwahak Kisurwŏn), Hrsg. Advances in rehabilitation robotics: Human-friendly technolgies on movement assistance and restoration for people with disabilities. Berlin: Springer, 2004.

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Interior, Spain Ministerio del. El tercer pilar de la Unión Europea: La cooperación en asuntos de justicia e interior. Madrid]: Ministerio del Interior, 1997.

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Davis, Martha F. Brutal need: Lawyers and the welfare rights movement, 1960-1973. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Movement assistance"

Ullah, Ata. „Assistance“. In The Co-operative Movement in the Punjab, 449–57. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003477105-43.

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Bazbauers, Adrian Robert. „Policy Movement and Technical Assistance“. In The World Bank and Transferring Development, 29–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58160-6_2.

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Tomimoto, Hiromasa, Shingo Aramaki, Shota Nakashima, Shenling Mu, Kazuo Haruyama und Kanya Tanaka. „Meal-Assistance Robot Operated by Head Movement“. In Applied Computing & Information Technology, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64051-8_1.

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Lu, Xiaodan, Mengyuan Liao, Zelong Wang, Yuki Miyamoto, Hiroyuki Hamada, Tomoko Ota, Kengo Yano et al. „Movement Analysis of Transfer Assistance Using a Slide Board“. In Digital Human Modeling: Applications in Health, Safety, Ergonomics and Risk Management, 243–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40247-5_25.

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Parri, Andrea, Tingfang Yan, Francesco Giovacchini, Mario Cortese, Marco Muscolo, Matteo Fantozzi, Raffaele Molino Lova und Nicola Vitiello. „A Portable Active Pelvis Orthosis for Ambulatory Movement Assistance“. In Biosystems & Biorobotics, 75–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46532-6_13.

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Hortal, Enrique. „BMI Based on Movement Intention Detection“. In Brain-Machine Interfaces for Assistance and Rehabilitation of People with Reduced Mobility, 35–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95705-0_3.

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Naciri, Ahmed. „Development Assistance Movement Within the International Financial Architecture for Development“. In SpringerBriefs in Economics, 101–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97906-9_7.

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Racino, Julie Ann. „Self-Advocacy, the Independent Living Movement, and Personal Assistance Services“. In Policy, Program Evaluation, and Research in Disability, 171–87. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315786544-14.

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Li, Zexin, Baiqing Sun, Yong Li und Qiuhao Zhang. „Safety Assistance Strategy of Nursing Robot in Stand-To-Sit Movement“. In Intelligent Robotics and Applications, 71–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13844-7_7.

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Perez, Carlos Navarro, Ioannis Georgilas, Appolinaire C. Etoundi, Jj Chong und Aghil Jafari. „A Conceptual Exoskeleton Shoulder Design for the Assistance of Upper Limb Movement“. In Towards Autonomous Robotic Systems, 291–302. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96728-8_25.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Movement assistance"

„Standing assistance with instinctive assistance movement which instructs suitable standing way“. In The 22nd International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and Support Technologies for Mobile Machines. CLAWAR Association Ltd, UK, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.13180/clawar.2019.26-28.08.32.

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S, Akshay, und Venkatesh K. „An Eye Movement Based Patient Assistance System“. In 2022 IEEE North Karnataka Subsection Flagship International Conference (NKCon). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nkcon56289.2022.10126594.

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Bhaskar, Ajay, Rehan Shaikh, Aditya Hartalkar, Rohan Ninan Jacob und Manita Rajput. „Iris Movement Based Assistance for Catatonic Patients“. In 2018 3rd International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2ct.2018.8529370.

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Chetan, R., N. J. Avinash, K. Aditya, M. Gowri, K. R. Pranav und Namana. „Providing Knee Movement Assistance using Android and IOT“. In 2021 2nd International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icosec51865.2021.9591942.

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Freeman, C. T., K. L. Meadmore, A. M. Hughes, N. Grabham, J. Tudor und K. Yang. „Multiple Model Adaptive ILC for Human Movement Assistance“. In 2018 17th European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2018.8550450.

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„Human-based Lower Limb Movement Assistance and Rehabilitation through an Actuated Orthosis“. In Special Session on Wearable Robotics for Motion Assistance and Rehabilitation. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004664902050209.

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Liu, Kun, Tadayoshi Aoyama, Yasuhisa Hasegawa, Kosaku Saotome und Yoshiyuki Sankai. „Development of Wearable Robotic System for Finger Movement Assistance“. In 2018 World Automation Congress (WAC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/wac.2018.8430300.

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Artz, Edward J., Amy A. Blank und Marcia K. O’Malley. „Proportional sEMG Based Robotic Assistance in an Isolated Wrist Movement“. In ASME 2015 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2015-9979.

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Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of robots for motor therapy. Surface electromyography (sEMG) is appealing for user intent detection as the signal relates the individual’s desired muscle contractile force. A drawback to sEMG interfaces is subject- and session-dependent calibration. We sought to investigate the effect of a simple sEMG assistive controller on user performance in the MAHI Exo-II, therapeutic exoskeleton. Agonist-antagonist muscles were related after normalization based on sub-maximal isometric contraction. Six subjects performed a target tracking task with four levels of assistance in wrist flexion-extension. Performance metrics were mean absolute position error and estimated muscular activity. In low levels of assistance, subject performance was not significantly affected, while increasing the assistance resulted in higher position errors. In characterizing the performance assistance trade-off, we better understand the capabilities of this simple controller. This investigation validates the feasibility of using a proportional control scheme for a therapeutic wrist exoskeleton system and motivates further testing with impaired subjects to optimize the system for use in a clinical setting.

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Ubeda, Andres, Enrique Hortal, Eduardo Ianez, Daniel Planelles und Jose M. Azorin. „Passive robot assistance in arm movement decoding from EEG signals“. In 2013 6th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ner.2013.6696079.

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Chugo, Daisuke, Satoshi Muramatsu, Sho Yokota und Hiroshi Hashimoto. „Standing assistance considering a voluntary movement and a postural adjustment“. In 2016 IEEE 14th International Workshop on Advanced Motion Control (AMC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/amc.2016.7496397.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Movement assistance"

Faith, Becky, und Tony Roberts. Managing the Risk and Benefits of Digital Technologies in Social Assistance Provision. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), Februar 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.025.

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Aid agencies, governments, and donors are expanding investment in the digitisation of their beneficiary identification and registration systems, in digitised systems for cash payments, and in the remote and algorithmic control of humanitarian and social protection programmes. This is happening in ways that may facilitate the move from humanitarian assistance to government provision and may enable the delivery of shock-responsive social protection. Yet humanitarian and social protection actors are increasingly concerned about a range of risks and accountability vacuums associated with the adoption of these technologies. While claims for the benefits of digitisation often rest on cost savings, data relating to these costs and benefits are not easily accessible. There is also an urgent need to adopt approaches to value for money in this sector that recognise the digital dignity of beneficiaries. A knowledge gap exists around how the movement towards biometric identification and algorithmic management using humanitarian and social protection data will affect the interests of vulnerable populations – so too does a gap in research that is focused on the standpoints, interests, and priorities of these populations.

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Kulhandjian, Hovannes. Detecting Driver Drowsiness with Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Combined with Machine Learning. Mineta Transportation Institute, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2015.

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In this research work, we develop a drowsy driver detection system through the application of visual and radar sensors combined with machine learning. The system concept was derived from the desire to achieve a high level of driver safety through the prevention of potentially fatal accidents involving drowsy drivers. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, drowsy driving resulted in 50,000 injuries across 91,000 police-reported accidents, and a death toll of nearly 800 in 2017. The objective of this research work is to provide a working prototype of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems that can be installed in present-day vehicles. By integrating two modes of visual surveillance to examine a biometric expression of drowsiness, a camera and a micro-Doppler radar sensor, our system offers high reliability over 95% in the accuracy of its drowsy driver detection capabilities. The camera is used to monitor the driver’s eyes, mouth and head movement and recognize when a discrepancy occurs in the driver's blinking pattern, yawning incidence, and/or head drop, thereby signaling that the driver may be experiencing fatigue or drowsiness. The micro-Doppler sensor allows the driver's head movement to be captured both during the day and at night. Through data fusion and deep learning, the ability to quickly analyze and classify a driver's behavior under various conditions such as lighting, pose-variation, and facial expression in a real-time monitoring system is achieved.

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Rudyk, Myroslava. Нові ролі і функції соціальних медіа у волонтерській діяльності в період російсько-української війни з 24 лютого 2022 року. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, März 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11739.

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The article studies social media as a communication platform during the war. The set of mass communication tools to meet the audience’s information needs, coordination of volunteer activities, popularization of the volunteer movement, and involvement of the Internet community in helping the Armed Forces were analyzed. During the Russian-Ukrainian war, social media became the platform where the exchange of information takes place much faster; good analytics could be found quickly, which were pushed out of the information space. Also, social media have taken on the role of a platform where you can coordinate work, unite society around important issues, organize assistance to the army, and report on the needs of the Armed Forces. That is why the presentation of volunteering in social media is considered a relevant research topic because the presentation of volunteering in social networks has generally changed the content of blogging. Stars of show business, politicians, people of art, and educational and scientific fields have done incredible things with social media’s help in organizing military aid. We believe that the volunteer movement through social media has expanded the functions and role of these communication platforms, demonstrating the importance of Internet communication and the effectiveness of using the latest media tools in wartime. The historiography of the study covers the works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists. Among them are L. Horodenko, V. Hvozdiev, B. Potiatynyk, G. Synorub, A. Rohulskyi, D. Rashkoff, and others. The war situation in Ukraine has opened up new requests for blogging activities, exceptional support, and initiation of volunteering. The content of bloggers is now 80 percent filled with the topic of war. The presentation of volunteer work is considered individually and collectively on behalf of foundations and public organizations. We believe that a significant advantage of an active volunteer movement in social networks is fast communication, which contributes to the rapid resolution of crucial tasks. Keywords: social media, volunteering, information, war.

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Mylan, Sophie. Key considerations: Balancing epidemic preparedness and response with humanitarian protection in Ugandan refugee settlements. Institute of Development Studies, September 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2024.042.

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Humanitarian actors in Ugandan refugee settlements face the dual challenge of preparing for and responding to epidemics, while providing essential humanitarian assistance. They must balance their international mandate to protect refugees and uphold human rights with a variety of public health measures to safeguard refugees, humanitarian workers and Ugandan host communities from epidemic threats. This complex task also involves addressing broader regional, national and international public health implications of uncontrolled epidemic spread. Previous SSHAP briefs have described specific considerations regarding cross-border dynamics between Uganda and neighbouring countries in the context of epidemics. The brief Key Considerations: Cross-Border Dynamics Between Uganda and South Sudan in the Context of the Outbreak of Ebola, 2022 highlights the complex movement of people across the highly porous – and sometimes contested – South Sudan-Uganda border, which cuts through multiple ethnic groups. It describes mobility as related to networks of kin, livelihoods, trade, education, healthcare, and the search for safety and security. The brief suggests that Ebola preparedness and response activities need to be locally appropriate, paying specific attention to the livelihoods of people in this region. Another brief specifically highlights the need to consider the context specific vulnerabilities of refugees in Uganda in relation to epidemics. This brief builds on these insights and presents considerations for five areas of epidemic preparedness and response in Ugandan refugee settlements, drawing on the experience of COVID-19 and its implications for humanitarian protection. It focuses on refugee settlements in north Uganda, drawing on ethnographic data collected during COVID-19 in Palabek refugee settlement, Lamwo district. This is combined with insights from published research, grey literature, and discussions with government employees and humanitarian actors engaged in the Ugandan refugee response.

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Appleyard, Bruce, Anurag Pande, Joseph Gibbons, Shams Tanvir, Megan Honey, Nell Ahangarfabrik, Mario Carbajal und Madison Swayne. Right Turn on Red: Energy-Saving Measure or Unsafe Maneuver? Mineta Transportation Institute, Dezember 2024. https://doi.org/10.31979/mti.2024.2347.

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There is a growing interest in prohibiting right turn on red (RTOR) policies in the name of pedestrian and bicycle safety but there is not enough research on the subject to help agencies make informed decisions. When Congress passed the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975, they included a provision requiring states to permit right turns on red lights as an energy-saving measure to receive federal assistance for mandated conservation programs. Since 1980, all states have permitted right turns on red as a general rule. More research is needed to help guide state policies that can support jurisdictions in making more informed and context-sensitive decisions. This research examines the infrastructure design and built environment-related factors associated with RTOR collisions—particularly those involving pedestrians and bicyclists. We also looked at emissions issues for RTOR maneuvers. Our findings reveal that RTOR movements are generally unsafe for pedestrians, bicyclists, and drivers, while only marginally useful in lowering emissions and only under certain contexts. Those marginal benefits may further decline with increased electric vehicle (EV) adoption. Despite RTOR crashes being a small portion of collisions and fatalities at signalized intersections, they tend to be more severe for vulnerable road users (e.g., bicyclists and pedestrians). Additionally, given the rise of SUVs/pickups in the U.S. personal automobile fleet—which tend to cause more severe collisions—RTOR prohibition is a proactive safety strategy consistent with the internationally recognized and USDOT-adopted Safe Systems approach. We recommend that state policy should make it easier for California communities to prohibit RTOR movements. We also recognize that banning or permitting RTOR movements should acknowledge the specific contexts of the communities (their place types), which could unduly burden cities that want to allow or prohibit RTOR at a vast number of their intersections in terms of signage. Informed decisions about RTOR policies can improve road safety for all.

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Ádám, Zoltán. Politicizing war: Viktor Orbán’s right-wing authoritarian populist regime and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), März 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0021.

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Soon after Viktor Orbán returned to power in 2010, Vladimir Putin’s Russia became a strategic ally for Hungary. This was a somewhat surprising development for a country with a history of mass movements for political freedom crushed with the assistance of Russian troops. Yet, unlike virtually all his European allies on the radical and populist Right, Orbán has supported Putin even during his campaign against Ukraine. As this has not been without political and economic costs for Hungary, the question emerges as to why Orbán has been so loyal to Putin. The report presents three complementary explanations: (1) the traditional animosity Hungarian governments have shown toward Kyiv in the past three decades; (2) blaming the European Union and the pro-Ukraine Western alliance for economic hardship in Hungary; (3) endorsing Putin’s totalitarian turn in Russia to suggest that a similar course of political developments in Hungary is not excluded either. Worryingly, considerable institutional measures in the latter direction in the form of states of danger, continuously implemented since March 2020, have already been taken.

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Garton, Timothy. Data enrichment and enhanced accessibility of waterborne commerce numerical data : spatially depicting the National Waterway Network. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), Dezember 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39223.

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This report provides methodologies and processes of data enrichment and enhanced accessibility of Waterborne Commerce and Statistics Center (WCSC) maintained databases. These databases house tabular and statistical data that reports on The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Civil Works Division National Waterway Network (NWN), which geospatially represents approximately 1,000 harbors and 25,000 miles of channels and waterways. WCSC is a division of The Institute for Water Resources (IWR). They have been tasked with the international collection, maintenance, and archival of all records involving commercial movements and commerce that occur on federal waterways. The current records structure is a large, tabular dataset and limited to the systems and processes put in place prior to the computing standards and capabilities available today. Methods have been tested and utilized to bring the tabular datasets into an optimized, modern geospatial network and expanded upon to create a higher resolution than previously maintained by the WCSC. This report will expand upon the applied methodologies to optimize data queries and the overall enhancement of the data system to allow for linkages to various other sources of information for commerce data enhancement for decision support assistance.

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K. Olson, Samantha, Maysoon Dahab und Melissa Parker. Key Considerations: Mutual Aid Lessons and Experiences From Emergency Response Rooms in Sudan. Institute of Development Studies, Oktober 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2024.056.

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The civil war in the Republic of Sudan, which began in April 2023, has fuelled and exacerbated an already severe humanitarian crisis. As of September 2024, over 25 million people – half the country’s population – need assistance. In response, grassroots movements have emerged, drawing on past experiences of collective mobilisation. Volunteer networks, known as Emergency Response Rooms (ERRs), in which the ‘room’ refers to the online group chats where they were originally conceived and planned, are one example. This brief is based on the first case study of ERRs,1 which was conducted between June and August 2024. Building on interviews with volunteers, the case study highlights the perspectives of ERR volunteers and details the emergence, growth, workflows and partnerships of ERRs. The brief further draws on published research exploring the complexities of the humanitarian response in Sudan and the concept of mutual aid, including ERRs. The aim of the brief is to describe key considerations for understanding ERRs and how they might be supported. The brief also explores the implications of meaningful and locally impactful partnerships with national and international humanitarian and development actors (IHDAs), even amidst complex humanitarian dynamics and acute conflict. The brief has been written for all actors following or engaged in the Sudan response – local, national and international.

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