Dissertationen zum Thema „Mouvement pour le climat“
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Marty, Laurence. „Apprendre et lutter au bord du monde : récits de mouvements pour la justice climatique en France et en Europe (2014-2017)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021EHES0143.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation focuses on the French and European movements against climate change and on the tensions that characterize them: what does it mean to fight when the scale of the disaster, the sense of urgency and the feeling of powerlessness prevail? How does one keep fighting in a world in rubble, which we do not believe we can save anymore? And how do we do so when we know that we belong to the countries responsible (historically and still today) for the unprecedented environmental disruptions that are happening to us? This ethnography explores the actions of activists and collective groups in the preparation of the mobilizations that took place around the COP21 (Paris, December 2015). It examines the decomposition and re-composition of the struggles against climate change that ensued. The specificity of these activists and collectives is that they belong to the least institutionalized space of the environmental movement: their commitments rested on a continuum of collective actions ranging from food farming to direct action. Moreover, they belong to the part of the movement that has participated in importing and developing the climate justice framing in France since 2015. From this ethnography, which was also lived as a personal experience, whereby I shared moments of life with these activists and collectives, I sought to make tangible the pathways and learnings that unfolded within the climate movements, as well as the breathlessness, doubts, joys and empowerment, which have been experienced in these movements.The manuscript is organized in two "volumes", each of which corresponds to a major question addressed to the movements against climate disruption and which relays those asked by the activists themselves: “What is the ‘right way’ to fight against climate disruption?” and “What is the ‘right political subject’ of the movement for climate justice?” In contrast to univocal and absolute answers, I propose to think about these questions as pharmaka in the sense of Isabelle Stengers: depending on their dosage, they can empower or weaken, poison. Each of the two volumes is itself composed of several “stories”, which are used to shift these questions and showing their effects in situation. Finally, between these stories I have interspersed “workshops”, which are the summary of notes I took during trainings, in which I participated in the climate movements since 2015
NOUGARET, JEAN-LUC. „Controle du mouvement pour l'animation“. Rennes 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN10076.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDalibard, Sébastien. „Planification de mouvement pour systèmes anthropomorphes“. Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00619439.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePerruchaud, Pierre. „Homogénéisation pour le mouvement brownien cinétique“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S057.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe kinetic Brownian motion is a family of stochastic processes indexed by a noise parameter, which is expected to interpolate between the geodesic flow and the Brownian motion. For finite-dimensional manifolds, it is known that such a homogenisation property can be proved rigorously. This thesis provides a construction for these diffusions and a proof of a convergence result in the infinite-dimensional example of certain manifolds of maps, arising from fluid mechanics (chapter 3). We work with ergodic methods and rough paths theory, which, in finite dimension, also prove effective for a general class of kinetic diffusions (chapter 2). Independently, we offer two approaches for the study of the kernel associated to the two-dimensional kinetic Brownian motion (chapter 4). More precisely, we consider its small time asymptotics, using parametrix methods adapted to this particular hypoelliptic problem
Roussel, Olivier. „Planification de mouvement pour tiges élastiques“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30355/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe motion planning problem has been broadly studied in the case of articulated rigid body systems but so far few work have considered deformable bodies. In particular, elastic rods such as electric cables, hydraulic or pneumatic hoses, appear in many industrial contexts. Due to complex models and high number of degrees of freedom, the extension of motion planning methods to such bodies is a difficult problem. By taking advantage of the properties of static equilibrium configurations, this thesis presents several approaches to the motion planning problem for elastic rods
Demirdjian, David. „Le mouvement projectif : théorie et applications pour l'autocalibrage et la segmentation du mouvement“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0050.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStereo vision appears in many applications as an easy way to obtain 3D data from images. Stereo approaches usually rely on Euclidean models and require a full calibration of the stereo rig, implying that the intrinsic parameters of the cameras are known as well as the relative position and orientation of the cameras. However a full and accurate calibration usually requires that a human operator helps. In cases when an operator cannot be involved, the use of weakly calibrated systems appears as a good alternative. A weak calibration is easy to obtain but then the difficulty is that 3D data are obtain in a projective space (not in a Euclidean one). This document describes the use of weakly calibrated systems performing motions in an a priori unknown scene. It shows how the motion of the system can be used to retrieve the metric structure of the scene and detect moving objects. The projective space is used here to represent the visual information associated with the system. In particular, we studied the 3D projective transformations -also called 3D homographies- that map the projective reconstructions of a same scene. We introduce the problem of estimating such 3D homographies and show how theses transformations can be used in applications such as autocalibration and motion segmentation
Demirdjian, David. „Le mouvement projectif : théorie et applications pour l'autocalibrage et la segmentation du mouvement“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00590318.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHanotaux, Gabriel. „Techniques de contrôle du mouvement pour l'animation“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00834691.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHerrb, Matthieu. „Vision en mouvement pour la robotique mobile“. Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBossuet, Cécile. „Étude du transport vertical de quantité de mouvement dans le modèle troposphérique-stratosphérique ARPEGE-climat“. Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT004H.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJaillet, Léonard. „Méthodes probabilistes pour la planifcation réactive de mouvement“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00853031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVillard, Pierre-Frédéric. „Simulation du Mouvement Pulmonaire pour un Traitement Oncologique“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858260.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTaïx, Michel. „Planification de mouvement pour robot mobile non-holonome“. Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30065.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEscobar-Zuniga, María-José. „Modèles bio-inspirés pour l'estimation et l'analyse de mouvement : reconnaissance d'actions et intégration du mouvement“. Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4050.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis addresses the study of the motion perception in mammals and how bio-inspired systems can be applied to real applications. The first part of this thesis relates how the visual information is processed in the mammal's brains and how motion estimation is usually modeled. Based on this analysis of the state of the art, we propose a feedforward V1-MT core architecture. This feedforward V1-MT core architecture will be a basis to study two different kinds of applications. The first application is human action recognition, which is still a challenging problem in the computer vision community. We show how our bio-inspired method can be successfully applied to this real application. Interestingly, we show how several computational properties inspired from motion processing in mammals, allow us to reach high quality results, which will be compared to latest reference results. The second application of the bio-inspired architecture proposed in this thesis, is to consider the problem of motion integration for the solution of the aperture problem. We investigate the role of delayed V1 surround suppression, and how the 2D information extracted through this mechanism can be integrated to propose a solution for the aperture problem. Finally, we highlight a variety of important issues in the determination of motion estimation and additionally we present many potential avenues for future research efforts
Dermy, Oriane. „Prédiction du mouvement humain pour la robotique collaborative : du geste accompagné au mouvement corps entier“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0227/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis lies at the intersection between machine learning and humanoid robotics, under the theme of human-robot interaction and within the cobotics (collaborative robotics) field. It focuses on prediction for non-verbal human-robot interactions, with an emphasis on gestural interaction. The prediction of the intention, understanding, and reproduction of gestures are therefore central topics of this thesis. First, the robots learn gestures by demonstration: a user grabs its arm and makes it perform the gestures to be learned several times. The robot must then be able to reproduce these different movements while generalizing them to adapt them to the situation. To do so, using its proprioceptive sensors, it interprets the perceived signals to understand the user's movement in order to generate similar ones later on. Second, the robot learns to recognize the intention of the human partner based on the gestures that the human initiates. The robot can then perform gestures adapted to the situation and corresponding to the user’s expectations. This requires the robot to understand the user’s gestures. To this end, different perceptual modalities have been explored. Using proprioceptive sensors, the robot feels the user’s gestures through its own body: it is then a question of physical human-robot interaction. Using visual sensors, the robot interprets the movement of the user’s head. Finally, using external sensors, the robot recognizes and predicts the user’s whole body movement. In that case, the user wears sensors (in our case, a wearable motion tracking suit by XSens) that transmit his posture to the robot. In addition, the coupling of these modalities was studied. From a methodological point of view, the learning and the recognition of time series (gestures) have been central to this thesis. In that aspect, two approaches have been developed. The first is based on the statistical modeling of movement primitives (corresponding to gestures) : ProMPs. The second adds Deep Learning to the first one, by using auto-encoders in order to model whole-body gestures containing a lot of information while allowing a prediction in soft real time. Various issues were taken into account during this thesis regarding the creation and development of our methods. These issues revolve around: the prediction of trajectory durations, the reduction of the cognitive and motor load imposed on the user, the need for speed (soft real-time) and accuracy in predictions
Dermy, Oriane. „Prédiction du mouvement humain pour la robotique collaborative : du geste accompagné au mouvement corps entier“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0227.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis lies at the intersection between machine learning and humanoid robotics, under the theme of human-robot interaction and within the cobotics (collaborative robotics) field. It focuses on prediction for non-verbal human-robot interactions, with an emphasis on gestural interaction. The prediction of the intention, understanding, and reproduction of gestures are therefore central topics of this thesis. First, the robots learn gestures by demonstration: a user grabs its arm and makes it perform the gestures to be learned several times. The robot must then be able to reproduce these different movements while generalizing them to adapt them to the situation. To do so, using its proprioceptive sensors, it interprets the perceived signals to understand the user's movement in order to generate similar ones later on. Second, the robot learns to recognize the intention of the human partner based on the gestures that the human initiates. The robot can then perform gestures adapted to the situation and corresponding to the user’s expectations. This requires the robot to understand the user’s gestures. To this end, different perceptual modalities have been explored. Using proprioceptive sensors, the robot feels the user’s gestures through its own body: it is then a question of physical human-robot interaction. Using visual sensors, the robot interprets the movement of the user’s head. Finally, using external sensors, the robot recognizes and predicts the user’s whole body movement. In that case, the user wears sensors (in our case, a wearable motion tracking suit by XSens) that transmit his posture to the robot. In addition, the coupling of these modalities was studied. From a methodological point of view, the learning and the recognition of time series (gestures) have been central to this thesis. In that aspect, two approaches have been developed. The first is based on the statistical modeling of movement primitives (corresponding to gestures) : ProMPs. The second adds Deep Learning to the first one, by using auto-encoders in order to model whole-body gestures containing a lot of information while allowing a prediction in soft real time. Various issues were taken into account during this thesis regarding the creation and development of our methods. These issues revolve around: the prediction of trajectory durations, the reduction of the cognitive and motor load imposed on the user, the need for speed (soft real-time) and accuracy in predictions
Saut, Jean-Philippe. „Planification de Mouvement Pour la Manipulation Dextre d'Objets Rigides“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00715477.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleClaasen, Göntje Caroline. „Capteur de mouvement intelligent pour la chirurgie prothétique naviguée“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00691192.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBak, Adrien. „Coopération stéréo mouvement pour la détection des objets dynamiques“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00673364.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCerda, Mauricio. „Calcul neuronal distribué pour la perception visuelle du mouvement“. Phd thesis, Université Nancy II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00642818.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKanoun, Oussama. „Contribution à la planification de mouvement pour robots humanoïdes“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00446757.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBak, Adrien. „Cooperation stereo mouvement pour la detection des objets dynamiques“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112208/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMany embedded robotic applications could benefit from an explicit detection of mobile objects. To this day, most approaches rely on classification, or on some structural scene analysis (for instance, V-Disparity). During the last few years, we've witnessed a growing interest for collaboration methods, that use actively btw structural analysis and motion analysis. These two processes are, indeed, closely related. In this context, we propose, through this study, two novel approaches that address this issue. While the first one use information from stereo and motion, the second one focuses on monocular systems, and allows us to retrieve a partial information.The first presented approach consists in a novel visual odometry system. We have shown that, even though the wide majority of authors tackle the visual odometry problem as non-linear, it can be shown to be purely linear. We have also shown that our approach achieves performances, as good as, or even better than the ones achieved by high-end IMUs. Given this visual odometry system, we then define a procedure allowing us to detect mobile objects. This procedure relies on a compensation of the ego-motion and a measure of the residual motion. We then lead a reflexion on the causes of limitation and the possible sources of improvement of this system. It appeared that the main parameters of the vision system (baseline, focal length) have a major impact on the performances of our detector. To the best of our knowledge, this impact had never been discussed, prior to our study. However, we think that our conclusion could be used as a set of recommendations, useful for every designer of intelligent vision system.the second part of this work focuses on monocular systems, and more specifically on the concept of C-Velocity. When V-Disparity defined a disparity map transform, allowing an easy detection of specific planes, C-Velocity defines a transform of the optical flow field, using the position of the FoE, allowing an easy detection of specific planes. Through this work, we present a modification of the C-Velocity concept. Instead of using a priori knowledge of the ego-motion (the position of the FoE) in order to determine the scene structure, we use a prior knowledge of the scene structure in order to localize the FoE, thus the translational ego-motion. the first results of this work are promising, and allow us to define several future works
Hernández, García Iliana. „L'habitabilité des images en mouvement : pour une architecture transformable“. Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010655.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis studies how do the electronics images can contribute to the contemporary architecture, particularly those ones which offer a space that can be experimented by the body. This is the case of somme installations and videotapes, works in cyberspace and virtual reality, where a transformation of the way of inhabiting architecture appears; when ces oeuvres propose relations between the differents elements of the space experience; so the spectator has the impression of seeing the architecture changing while he is inhabiting there. These electronics works propose an analytic space, transformable, developping from the actualisation of images in mouvement and with the participation of the spectator in its construction. So this space allow us to analyse the notion of "habitability" incorporating multiplicity, adaptability and variability to architecture
Pasin, Marcelo. „Mouvement de données efficace pour la programmation parallèle irrégulière“. Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0161.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDesbiolles, Pierre. „Mouvement et dissipation dans une cavite gravitationnelle pour atomes“. Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066539.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleABDELLAH, LAID. „Estimation de mouvement pour le codage de sequences d'images“. Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleElrawashdeh, Zeina. „Capteur de déplacement linéaire pour un mouvement d'axe hélicoïdal“. Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2288.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe development of displacement sensors with high performances regarding the limit of resolution and the measurement range has become essential for different mechanical systems This Ph.D. presents the modeling, the design and the fabrication of an original fiber-optic sensor. lt is able to measure the linear displacement of a rotating axis. This sensor is characterized by a micrometric resolution on a measurement range of several millimeters. After a bibliography study related to the industrial applications of the sensor, a geometric model of the light reflection by a convex surface has been developed. This model calculates the light intensity detected by the sensor as a function of the radius of curvature (Re); the model shows that the sensitivity increases as a function of the radius of curvature of the reflector (Re) and the limit of resolution is optimal for (Re=20 mm). This geometric model had been experimentally validated; where it was found out that the sensitivity decreases for the radii of curvature less than 15 mm (Re= 15 mm). For that reason, and in order to ensure the best functionality of the sensor, the radius of curvature chosen for the fabrication of the canes assembled grating was 25 mm. Once the optimal radius of curvature fixed a geometric model for the linear displacement measurement on a long measurement range using two fiber-optic probes and one cones assembled grating has been developed. The first prototype of the cones assembled grating was obtained with a high precision turning machine on an aluminum alloy. Afterwards, a second prototype of the cones grating was fabricated; where several parameters have been optimized, such as: the non-inclusion of the fabrication constraints in the geometric model and a better surface roughness of the cones assembled grating. The high precision fabrication technique of the two prototypes was presented. Finally, the experimental validation of the sensor measurement principle with two fiber-optic probes with the help of a mechanical set-up was realized. The mechanical set-up is used to a better orientation of the probes in front of the grating. The experimental validation helped to evaluate the overall sensor performances. For the two prototypes, an overlap of 30 um was verified between two successive signals. Different translation and rotation speeds were applied; where periodical peaks were observed in the output signals. These peaks are due to an unbalanced rotation of the spindle axis of rotation; with high speed values, the peaks are attenuated due to the high inertia of the spindle. For this reason, it is preferred to work at high rotational speeds (20 tr./s) with a consideration of the sampling frequency. This sensor is characterized by a micrometric resolution, on a measurement range of about 10 mm
Salmeron-Quiroz, Bernardino Benito. „Fusion de données multicapteurs pour la capture de mouvement“. Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10062.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with motion capture (MoCap) which goal is to acquire the attitude of human's body. In our case, the arm and the leg are considered. The MoCap trackers are made of "software" and "hardware" parts which allow acquisition of the movement of an object or a human in space in real or differed time. Many MoCaps systems still exist, but they require an adaptation of the environment. In this thesis, a low cost, low weight attitude central unit (UCN namely a triaxes magnetometer and a triaxes accelerometer), is used. This attitude central unit has been developed within the CEA-LETI. In this work, we propose different algorithms to estimate the attitude and the linear accelerations of a rigid body. For the rotation parametrization, the unit quaternion is used. Firstly, the estimation of the attitude and the accelerations (6DDL case) from the measurements provided by ACU is done via an optimization technique. The motion capture of articulated chains (arm and leg) is also studied with ad-hoc assumptions on the accelerations in the pivot connections, the orientation of the segments as well as the accelerations in particular points of the segments can be estimated. The different approaches proposed in this work have been evaluated with simulated data and real data
Salmeron-Quiroz, Bernardino Benito. „Fusion de données multicapteurs pour la capture de mouvement“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00148577.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLeloup, Gaëlle. „Le climat du prochain million d'années : quels scénarios pour le futur ?“ Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASJ001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhile many studies focus on the impacts of anthropogenic greenhouse gas on climate on the timescale of the next century, very few have investigated the impacts on a longer timescale, from tens of millennia to a million years. However, due to the long lifetime of CO2 in Earth's surface reservoirs, current anthropogenic emissions are expected to impact the climate on a much longer timescale than the coming century.The objective of this thesis is to broaden the scope of existing studies on the climate of the next million years, by revisiting some of their classical hypotheses. Existing studies rarely consider a partial or total melt of the Antarctic ice sheet, and assume that atmospheric CO2 concentrations come back to pre-industrial levels after hundreds of thousands years, due to silicate weathering.In this study, we explore potential evolutions of the Antarctic ice sheet.More precisely, I have investigated the long term equilibrium of the Antarctic ice sheet under different CO2 levels, using the Earth System model of intermediate complexity iLOVECLIM, coupled to the GRISLI Antarctic ice sheet model, by first applying increasing CO2 levels until the Antarctic ice sheet retreats entirely, and then applying decreasing CO2 levels until the ice sheet regrows. Our results show that the ice sheet exhibits a strong hysteresis behavior. Due to the inclusion of the albedo-melt feedback in our setup, the transition between a glaciated Antarctic ice sheet and an ice-free Antarctic and conversely is more brutal than in previous studies not including this feedback. The CO2 threshold for both Antarctic glaciation and deglaciation varies with the orbital configuration.Additionally, I have developed a conceptual model for the geological carbon cycle that includes multiple equilibria in order to reproduce multi million year cycles in the d13C that are coherent with the data. These potential multiple equilibria in the carbon cycle could lead to a widely different atmospheric CO2 concentration evolution on long timescales, compared to existing studies.Finally, we discuss the implications of our results on a potential end of the Quaternary in the future, with a disappearance of Northern Hemisphere glaciations, but also a disappearance of the Antarctic ice sheet
Tort, Jacques. „Problèmes inverses pour des équations paraboliques issues de modèles de climat“. Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1649/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work aims at solving inverse issues in semilinear parabolic equations derived from the Budyko-Sellers climate model, which represents the evolution of the Earth's surface temperature during a long time period. A first step consists in studying an inverse problem in a one dimensional degenerate model on a meridian. In order to understand the consequences of boundary degeneracies, we have first investigated a one dimensional linear degenerate equation. We prove various Lipschitz stability results in the determination of a source term and a diffusive constant. We also solve an approximate controllability issue, putting a control at the degenerate boundary point. Eventually, we prove two Lipschitz stability results in the determination of the so-called insolation function, in both cases of the semilinear model on a meridian and the general semilinear equation posed on the Earth's surface
Vaittinada, ayar Pradeebane. „Intercomparaison et développement de modèles statistiques pour la régionalisation du climat“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV010/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe study of climate variability is vital in order to understand and anticipate the consequences of future climate changes. Large data sets generated by general circulation models (GCMs) are currently available and enable us to conduct studies in that direction. However, these models resolve only partially the interactions between climate and human activities, namely du to their coarse resolution. Nowadays there is a large variety of models coping with this issue and aiming at generating climate variables at local scale from large-scale variables : the downscaling models.The aim of this thesis is to increase the knowledge about statistical downscaling models (SDMs) wherein there is many approaches. The work conducted here pursues four main goals : (i) to discriminate statistical (and dynamical) downscaling models, (ii) to study the influences of GCMs biases on the SDMs through a bias correction scheme, (iii) to develop a statistical downscaling model accounting for climate spatial and temporal non-stationarity in a spatial modelling context and finally, (iv) to define seasons thanks to a weather typing modelling.The intercomparison of downscaling models led to set up a model selection methodology according to the end-users needs. The study of the biases of the GCMs reveals the impacts of those biases on the SDMs simulations and the positive contributions of the bias correction procedure. The different steps of the spatial SDM development bring some interesting and encouraging results. The seasons defined by the weather regimes are relevant for seasonal analyses and modelling.All those works conducted in a “Statistical Climatologie” framework lead to many relevant perspectives, not only in terms of methodology or knowlegde about local-scale climate, but also in terms of use by the society
Vaittinada, ayar Pradeebane. „Intercomparaison et développement de modèles statistiques pour la régionalisation du climat“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe study of climate variability is vital in order to understand and anticipate the consequences of future climate changes. Large data sets generated by general circulation models (GCMs) are currently available and enable us to conduct studies in that direction. However, these models resolve only partially the interactions between climate and human activities, namely du to their coarse resolution. Nowadays there is a large variety of models coping with this issue and aiming at generating climate variables at local scale from large-scale variables : the downscaling models.The aim of this thesis is to increase the knowledge about statistical downscaling models (SDMs) wherein there is many approaches. The work conducted here pursues four main goals : (i) to discriminate statistical (and dynamical) downscaling models, (ii) to study the influences of GCMs biases on the SDMs through a bias correction scheme, (iii) to develop a statistical downscaling model accounting for climate spatial and temporal non-stationarity in a spatial modelling context and finally, (iv) to define seasons thanks to a weather typing modelling.The intercomparison of downscaling models led to set up a model selection methodology according to the end-users needs. The study of the biases of the GCMs reveals the impacts of those biases on the SDMs simulations and the positive contributions of the bias correction procedure. The different steps of the spatial SDM development bring some interesting and encouraging results. The seasons defined by the weather regimes are relevant for seasonal analyses and modelling.All those works conducted in a “Statistical Climatologie” framework lead to many relevant perspectives, not only in terms of methodology or knowlegde about local-scale climate, but also in terms of use by the society
Urvoy, Matthieu. „Les tubes de mouvement : nouvelle représentation pour les séquences d'images“. Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00642973.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCastellanos, SÁnchez Claudio. „Modèle connexionniste neuromimétique pour la perception visuelle embarquée du mouvement“. Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011483.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe modèle connexionniste proposé pour la perception visuelle du mouvement est constitué de trois modules : le premier opère un filtrage spatio-temporel causal issu des filtres de Gabor et inspiré des réponses des cellules simples du cortex visuel primaire, V1. Le deuxième met en place un mécanisme distribué de fortes interactions localisées fondé sur un principe antagoniste inspiré de l'organisation en colonnes d'orientation dans V1. Finalement, en nous inspirant des propriétés des champs récepteurs des neurones de MT et MST (aire temporelle moyenne et supérieur moyenne, respectivement), nous intégrons les réponses du second module et les envoyons au troisième. Ce dernier fait émerger un seul objet en mouvement à travers l'évolution en différentes cartes des interactions latérales, en pro-action et en retro-action d'une population neuronale densément interconnectée selon le principe de la CNFT (Continuum Neural Field Theory). L'attention sur l'objet émergé nous permet donc de le suivre.
Abahnini, Khémaïs. „Rôle des afférences visuelles périphériques pour le contrôle du mouvement“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ32566.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Naour Thibaut. „Utilisation des relations spatiales pour l'analyse et l'édition de mouvement“. Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00916514.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDelcey, Nicolas. „Modélisation électro-thermique d'un pantographe pour un train en mouvement“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a railway system, electrical power supply is ensured by a sliding contact between the catenary contact wire and the pantograph collector strip. The contact between the two interfaced materials is responsible of many incident during the train move. These incidents occurs because of precipitated deterioration of the collector strip. In fact, the strip is submitted to many physical phenomena responsible for its temperature increase like mechanical stress, electrical flowing and friction problems. This paper describe a simulation tool realisation in collaboration with French National Raiwail Comany (SNCF) and Femto-st laboratory, it treats all the physical phenomena which have impacts on the strip heating. Three thermal modelisations are used and one is electro-static, they allow predicting critical strip temperatures during real train trip. Moreover many mathematical processes are used and allow both decreasing of modelisations computation time and the required memory
Godet, Pierre. „Approches par apprentissage pour l’estimation de mouvement multiframe en vidéo“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work concerns the use of temporal information on a sequence of more than two images for optical flow estimation. Optical flow is defined as the dense field (in any pixel) of the apparent movements in the image plane. We study on the one hand the use of a basis of temporal models, learned by principal component analysis from the studied data, to model the temporal dependence of the movement. This first study focuses on the context of particle image velocimetry in fluid mechanics. On the other hand, the new state of the art of optical flow estimation having recently been established by methods based on deep learning, we train convolutional neural networks to estimate optical flow by taking advantage of temporal continuity, in the case of natural image sequences. We then propose STaRFlow, a convolutional neural network exploiting a memory of information from the past by using a temporal recurrence. By repeated application of the same recurrent cell, the same learned parameters are used for the different time steps and for the different levels of a multiscale process. This architecture is lighter than competing networks while giving STaRFlow state-of-the-art performance. In the course of our work, we highlight several cases where the use of temporal information improves the quality of the estimation, in particular in the presence of occlusions, when the image quality is degraded (blur, noise), or in the case of thin objects
Fournier, François. „La décroissance : examen philosophique d'un mouvement pour une économie alternative“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29952.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCastellanos, Sánchez Claudio. „Modèle connexionniste neuromimétique pour la perception visuelle embarquée du mouvement“. Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN10115.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe connectionist research is in front of the strong constraints of autonomy in robotics issue of visual perceptive tasks that have not yet been satisfied by the neural models defined until now, particularly to the linked to motion perception ones. In this context, we propose a neuromimetic connectionist model allowing to deal with a set of tasks for dynamic visual perception (robot/objects in movement). It implies the compromise to satisfy some major constraints (bio-inspiration, massively distributed local processing aimed at being embedded on FPGA circuits for real-time processing) that must be kept central in the definition of our proposed model, in spite of the complexity of the considered tasks. Our connectionist model for the visual perception of motion consists of three modules : the first one performs a causal spatio temporal filtering based on Gabor filters and inspired by the responses of the simple cells of the primary visual cortex, V1. The second one carries out a distributed mechanism using strong localized interactions based on an antagonist principle inspired by the organization of V1 as a set of orientation columns. Finally, we integrate the responses of the second module and we send them to the third one, as inspired by the properties of the receptive fields of the MT and MST (middle temporal and middle superior temporal areas, respectively). This last module brings to the foreground a single moving object through the evolution in different maps of the laterals, feed-forward and feed-back interactions of a neural population that is densely interconnected according to the principle of the CNFT (Continuum Neural Field Theory). Globally, a single moving object is focused and followed as a result of these interactions
Tonneau, Steve. „Synthèse de mouvement pour des personnages virtuels en environnements contraints“. Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAR0004/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith the growing complexity of virtual environments comes the need to provide virtual characters with a larger autonomy of motion. Additionally to walking, running and jumping, state of the art virtual applications require characters to climb, crawl, pull or push objects... Those tasks are characterized by the constrained environments in which they are achieved, where the risk of collision is high and motion capabilities are limited; they are also associated with important force exertion, resulting from contact creation. In this context, automatic motion synthesis is really difficult. This thesis aims at proposing an automatic method for motion synthesis in constrained environments. To achieve these goals, two research problems have been identified and studied. The first part is dedicated to the issue of generating contact postures compatible to achieve the considered tasks. We propose a new heuristic called EFORT (Extended FORce Transmission ratio). EFORT is used to evaluate the compatibility of a contact posture with the requested task. EFORT lies at the center of a new method for the real time generation of task efficient contact configurations. This generator finds its applications for arbitrary virtual characters and environment, and as such can be directly integrated within video game applications. The second part of this thesis focuses on the more global issue of computing a relevant trajectory in a constrained environment. This issue is seen as the search for a sequence of task efficient contact postures, suited for achieving the task. Consequently a new motion planner based on EFORT is proposed. Because it is one of the first to simultaneously address the complexity of the environment and task efficiency, our motion planner is a significant step towards an enhanced autonomy of motion for virtual characters
Franceschi, Sandro. „Approche analytique pour le mouvement brownien réfléchi dans des cônes“. Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4046/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleObliquely reflected Brownian motion in the quadrant, introduced by Harrison, Reiman, Varadhan and Williams in the eighties, has been studied a lot in the probabilistic literature. This thesis, which presents the complete study of the invariant measure of this process in all the cones of the plan, has for overall aim to extend to the continuous framework an analytic method initially developped for random walks in the quarter plane by Fayolle, Iasnogorodski and Malyshev in the seventies. This approach is based on functional equations which link generating functions in the discrete case and Laplace transform in the continuous case. These equations allow to determine and to solve boundary value problems satisfied by these generating functions. In the recurrent case, it permits to compute explicitly the invariant measure of the process with orthogonal reflexions, in the chapter 2, and with any reflexions, in the chapter 3. The Laplace transform of the invariant measure is analytically extended to a Riemann surface induced by the kernel of the functional equation. The study of singularities and the use of saddle point methods on this surface allows to determine the full asymptotics of the invariant measure along every directions in the chapter 4
Radouane, Karim. „Mécanisme d’attention pour le sous-titrage du mouvement humain : Vers une segmentation sémantique et analyse du mouvement interprétables“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., IMT Mines Alès, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EMAL0002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCaptioning tasks mainly focus on images or videos, and seldom on human poses. Yet, poses concisely describe human activities. Beyond text generation quality, we consider the motion caption task as an intermediate step to solve other derived tasks. In this holistic approach, our experiments are centered on the unsupervised learning of semantic motion segmentation and interpretability. We first conduct an extensive literature review of recent methods for human pose estimation, as a central prerequisite for pose-based captioning. Then, we take an interest in pose-representation learning, with an emphasis on the use of spatiotemporal graph-based learning, which we apply and evaluate on a real-world application (protective behavior detection). As a result, we win the AffectMove challenge. Next, we delve into the core of our contributions in motion captioning, where: (i) We design local recurrent attention for synchronous text generation with motion. Each motion and its caption are decomposed into primitives and corresponding sub-captions. We also propose specific metrics to evaluate the synchronous mapping between motion and language segments. (ii) We initiate the construction of a motion-language dataset to enable supervised segmentation. (iii) We design an interpretable architecture with a transparent reasoning process through spatiotemporal attention, showing state-of-the-art results on the two reference datasets, KIT-ML and HumanML3D. Effective tools are proposed for interpretability evaluation and illustration. Finally, we conduct a thorough analysis of potential applications: unsupervised action segmentation, sign language translation, and impact in other scenarios
Hétu, Sébastien. „Approche écologique et multi-modale pour étudier l'observation d'actions“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25407.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring action observation, the perception-action system is responsible for the coupling between the visual and motor representations of observed movement. This coupling induces motor priming effects that could be useful for training the motor system of different clinical populations. This thesis main objective was to test if the effect induced by the observation of simple movements could be obtained during the observation of everyday movements. In order to answer this question, the effect of action observation was studied in healthy subjects using approaches in line with the interests of the rehabilitation domain. Furthermore, we aimed at investigating inter-individual differences in the response to action observation and differences pertaining to the method used to measure this response. Results suggest that the perception-action system is recruited to a greater extend by unfamiliar actions. Our data also indicate that observation of everyday movements can produce anatomically congruent facilitation patterns. Importantly, the magnitude and the pattern of response to action observation greatly vary between individuals. Results also indicate that the facilitation effects can vary depending on the method used to study action observation. Indeed, there seem to be no relation between the behavioral and physiological markers of motor facilitation induced by action observation. Similar to what was shown in studies using simple movements, observing everyday movements can induce a pattern of motor facilitation where the visual representation of the observed movement is associated with its representation in the observer’s motor repertoire. The important inter-individual differences in the effects produced by action observation suggest that some individuals could respond more easily to action observation than others. Hence, identifying patients for whom rehabilitation using action observation could be the most beneficial could ensure a more efficient use of this approach. An important future step in the clinical use of action observation will be the identification of markers that could best predict the clinical improvements produced with action observation.
Pechier, Marc. „Prévisions numériques de l'effet Magnus pour des configurations de munitions“. Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2308.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePettré, Julien. „Planification de mouvements de marche pour acteurs digitaux“. Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30200.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDesbiolles, Pierre. „Mouvement et dissipation dans une cavité gravitationnelle pour atomes de césium“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011906.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJouandeau, Nicolas. „Algorithmique de la planification de mouvement probabiliste pour un robot mobile“. Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082465.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we are studying incremental probabilistic motion planning. Our studies present a new fast algorithm to expand Rapidly exploring Random Tree (RRT) and a new irregular cell partition based on visibility. Our algorithm improves the existing successful probabilistic path planner called RRT by restricting each expansion step to the first collision free configuration. The analysis of the principal sampling's properties used in probabilistic motion planning leads us to propose a new irregular cell partition based on visibility. This new decomposition is tested in narrow environments and in cluthered ones. Results show that this new algorithm and this new decomposition are two significant componants of RRT methods. The motion planner we developped is implemented for mobile robot, evolving in a static well-known environment
NISSOUX, CAROLE. „Visibilite et methodes probabilistes pour la planification de mouvement en robotique“. Toulouse 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU30212.
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