Dissertationen zum Thema „Mouvement des protéines“
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Mawoussi, Kodjo. „Effet de l'encombrement des protéines sur la diffusion des lipides et des protéines membranaires“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066541/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLateral diffusion of lipids and transmembrane proteins is essential for biological functions. In the cellular context, the surface fraction of membrane proteins is high, reaching approximately 50 to 70% depending on the membrane type. Therefore, diffusion occurs in a very crowded environment. The aim of this work is to study in vitro the effect of protein crowding on their own diffusion and on those of the surrounding lipids. So far, lateral diffusion measurements generally have been carried out at low protein density, and the effect of proteins crowding has not been much studied experimentally. We used a single particle tracking (SPT) method to track the trajectories of the Bacterorhodopsin (BR) proton pump and of lipids labeled with quantum dots at the bottom of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) as a function of the total surface fraction (Ф) of BR reconstituted in 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) membrane
Chabrillat, Marion. „Etude du mouvement des mélanosomes sur les filaments d' actine : rôle des protéines Rab8 et myosine VI“. Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066391.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBelval, Lorène. „Caractérisation fonctionnelle de la protéine de capside et de la protéine de mouvement du Grapevine fanleaf virus“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) is the main agent of grapevine fanleaf degeneration disease. Its coat protein (CP) self-assembles in virions necessary for viral genome protection, for cell-to-cell movement using tubules formed by the movement protein (MP) of the virus, and for the transmission of GFLV by its nematode vector Xiphinema index.Main results: 1. An outer surface-exposed CP motif has been identified as critical for GFLV transmission by X. index and could be a determinant of transmission specificity. 2. Fluorescent tubules have been produced by constitutive expression in planta. They allow the complementation in trans of a GFLV deleted of its MP coding sequence. 3. Transient expression of the GFLV CP leads to the production of virus-like particles. They can be easily modified and show that GFLV capsid is a unique biotechnology platform. In addition, they are a powerful tool to study the biology of the virus
Revenu, Céline. „Stabilité et dynamique de la microvillosité instestinale : fonction des protéines de mise en faisceau de l'actine“. Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066500.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe individual and the simultaneous invalidations of the genes encoding for the bundling proteins, villin, I-fimbrin ans espin do not abolish the formation of intestinal microvilli in mice. The possibilities of formation of this structure in the absence of bundling proteins is discussed. What is then the role of these proteins in the enterocytes ? We demonstrate that villin actin severing property enhances an actin-based movement. We also report polarity and stability defects of the apical network of the enterocytes lacking I-fimbrin. A model in which villin acts as a destabilising factor of the cytoskeleton of the microvilli that would be compensated by the stabilising effect of I-fimbrin is proposed. These two proteins would be two protagonists, on the one hand maintaining the microvilli in a dynamic equilibrium in normal conditions, and on the other hand allowing a fast remodelling of the structure in response to stresses
Houssin, Nathalie. „Etude de l'implication de RLIP dans les mouvements morphogénétiques de la gastrulation chez Xénopus laevis“. Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077174.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe laboratory where I conducted my PhD is interested in gastrulation, a key stage of the embryonic development, allowing the emergence and establishment of a third layer, the mesoderm. Several extracellular signals act in concert through different transduction pathways to induce the differentiation of this germ layer. Meanwhile, the first morphogenetic movements leading to significant shape's remodeling of the embryo also occur under the influence of extracellular signals. FGF (Fibroblast Growth Factor), one of the factors involved in gastrulation, is involved in various aspects of this step as morphogenesis, differentiation, proliferation or cell migration by means of its signal transduction activated. We demonstrated that one of his pathways, the FGF/Ras/RalGDS acts on the regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics through RLIP protein,an effector of the small G protein, Rai B. During my thesis, I focused on RLIP or Rai Interacting Protein (also known as Rai Binding Protein-1 (RalBP-1)), a multifunctional protein of 655 amino acids that is expressed ubiquitously in the embryo and is recruited to the membrane through a binding domain, with the small G protein Rai. Studies have shown that RLIP is implied by its fields at the ends (|n2- and Reps binding domain) in endocytosis. The previous work of the laboratory (Boissel, Houssin et al. 2007), showed that RLIP, via its GTPase activity domain, is also involved in regulating the actin cytoskeleton via the protein Cdc42. This actin remodeling permits, among other things, change the cell structure, as in the formation of filopodia or lamellipodia, but also to participate in the integration of endocytic vesicles during intracellular trafficking. This result suggests the involvement of RLIP in the mechanisms of cell migration during gastrulation. Through a morpholino-type approach, I showed that depletion of Xenopus embryos in RLIP causes an arrest of development in early gastrulation suggesting a disruption of morphogenetic movements. On mesoderm explants, cells depleted RLIP become rounded and lose their cell contacts suggesting a disruption of the actin cytoskeleton and / or modification of adhesion molecules (cadherins, integrins) leads to a loss of intercellular adhesion. Overexpression of deletion mutants of the protein RLIP allows us to study the properties of RLIP's N-terminal domain on the migratory behavior of mesendodermal cells. I have thus characterized the field RLIP involved in the regulation of migration. However, deletion of this domain does not inhibit completely the migratory ability of cells but rather disrupts demonstrating its necessity. To determine if other morphogenetic movements are disturbed by the absence of the protein, I tested its involvement in the process of convergence extension (tests on animal caps) and found that overexpression of RLIP leads to deregulatfon of this movement. Animal cap cells not expressing RLIP take a spherical shape and are no longer sticky which again suggests a disturbance either in the actin cytoskeleton either in molecules adhesion. The adhesion tests of mesodermal cells isolated either on fibronectin or cadherin show a decrease of adhesion capacity when they no longer express RLIP. Thus, RLIP participates in the migratory behavior of mesodermal cells during gastrulation. Its function is linked to control the dynamics of actin in maintaining cell shape. Besides, my recent studies suggest that the expression of C-cadherin at the plasma membrane is dependent on RLIP
Al, Bluwi Ibrahim. „Méthodes inspirées de la robotique pour la simulation des changements conformationnels des protéines“. Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00737553.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCourtois, Matthieu. „Application de forces au moyen d'un gradient de champ magnétique sur un système biomimétrique du mouvement généré par la polymérisation de l'actine“. Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077167.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we study the dynamics of the protein actin, which generates in part the phenomenon of cellular migration. Actin assembles into filaments that contribute to cellular architecture and cell crawling behavior. In addition to its role in cell movement, actin polymerization generates forces which are capable of propelling bodies such as the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. In order to study the mechanical and dynamic properties of actin polymerization, we developed a magnetic tweezer experimental set-up. Force is applied via a magnetic field gradient on a biomimetic System inspired by Listeria. An actin cornet grows from a metal-containing bead, which is coated with an actin polymerization activator. By using a program which permits us to control the bead position in real time, we apply a precise force which can reach 10 nanonewtons. Using this setup, we study the effect of proteins that interact with actin and modify polymerization dynamics and actin gel structure. We measure the relation between the applied force and the bead's displacement velocity, as well as the tail elastic modulus in order to determine how actin polymerization produces force
Trichet, Léa. „Biomimétisme du mouvement cellulaire : cytosquelette d'actine, de MSP (Major Sperm protéin) et de ParM“. Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077103.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is a study of three different types of cytoskeleton involved in cell migration and division: actin, MSP (Major Sperm Protein) and ParM cytoskeletons. In all three cases, the organization of molecular components into macromolecular assemblies generates large scale movements. The approach used in this thesis involves simplified in vitro Systems, which allow for the controlled study of the biochemical and physical parameters involved in cytoskeleton-based processes. The results obtained with these biomimetic Systems, in conjunction with the comparison with theoretical predictions, enable us to determine which parameters are most relevant. In the first part of this manuscript, we study the eukaryotic actin cytoskeleton using an oil-water interface as a substrate to mimic the fluid properties of the cell membrane. We show that the effect of VASP, a molecule présent at the leading edge of the cell and at adhesion sites, is to decrease the anchoring of the actin cytoskeleton to the cell membrane. This study shows that the dynamics of attachment of the cytoskeleton and the movement of actin polymerization activators on the membrane are key elements controlling actin based movement. The second part presents preliminary results concerning the identification of molecules involved in the polymerization of the non conventional MSP cytoskeleton, which drives the migration of the C. Elegans sperm cells. The third part of this thesis deals with the creation of a simulation of the ParM cytoskeleton, required for R1 plasmid segregation in Escherichia coli before the division of the bacterium
Boutant, Emmanuel. „Caractérisation des interactions entre la protéine de mouvement (MP) du Tobacco mosaic virus et le cytosquelette microtubulaire et étude du mécanisme de transport de la MP aux plasmodesmes“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2007/BOUTANT_Emmanuel_2007.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe RNA genome of Tobacco mosaic virus encodes four proteins of which one is the movement protein (MP). MP accumulates with plasmodesmata (pd), with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and microtubules (MT). In this manuscript we therefore focused on the following aspects: 1. Characterisation of the association of MP with MTs. We demonstrate that MP is recruited to MTs by a lateral anchoring mechanism in a multimeric state. We show that MT-associated MP protects MTs in vivo against destabilizing agents but, binding of MP to mitotic MTs does not affect mitosis. Our analysis of the in vitro and in vivo interactions between MP and the MT-EndBinding protein1 show that MP alters EB1 localisation and dynamics. We also demonstrate that MP interacts with proteins from the MTs nucleation complex. 2. Analysis of MP transport to pd. We investigated whether Pd-targeting of MP involves the secretory pathway and demonstrate, that the targeting of MP to pd is independent of a functional secretory pathway
Vetter, Guillaume. „Caractérisation du mécanisme de transport nucléo-cytoplasmique de la protéine P25 et mise en évidence d'interactions entre les protéines de mouvement du virus des nervures jaunes et nécrotiques de la betterave“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBeet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) is responsible for rhizomania disease of sugar beet. Its genome is composed of 4 or 5 plus-sense RNAs. The results described in this thesis concern (1) the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of the protein P25 coded by BNYVV RNA 3 and its influence on symptomatology, and (2) the subcellular localization and the interactions among the three viral proteins implicated in cell-to-cell movement of the virus. Previous studies showed that P25 is responsible for the typical symptoms of rhizomania. By means of laser scanning confocal microscopy, I have shown that P25 fused to GFP localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of infected cells. Both a nuclear localization signal (NLS) and a nuclear export signal (NEMS) were detected on P25. The transport of P25 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus involved a direct interaction between the NLS and importin-a. Nuclear export required the NEMS sequence and occured by the Exportin1 pathway. Mutagenesis of potential phosphorylation sites on P25 indicated that its nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking was regulated by protein kinases. A correlative study of leaf symptoms and the subcellular localization of wild-type and mutant P25's expressed in the context of a viral infection showed that nuclear import-deficient P25 mutants did not induce the leaf symptoms associated with P25 expression. Finally, one-hybrid experiments revealed that P25 can activate transcription of reporter genes in yeast. Taken together, these results suggest that P25, which contains a Zn-finger motif and a C-terminal acidic domain, could modulate transcription of cellular genes, and this could explain the characteristic symptoms of rhizomania. In the second part of my thesis, I have used electron microscopy to show that the BNYVV movement proteins TGBp1 and TGBp2 co-localize at plasmodesmata of BNYVV-infected cells. The existence of interactions between the two proteins was confirmed by farwestern and co-immunoprecipitation experiments
Tessé, Sophie. „Caractérisation de deux protéines, Spo11 et Ski8, impliquées dans la recombinaison, la ségrégation, le mouvement et la structure du chromosome en méiose chez Sordaria macrospora“. Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112238.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring meiotic prophase, chromosomes are organized into linear arrays of loops attached to the axial element of the synaptonemal complex (SC). Sister chromatids are linked by the cohesin complex and by Spo76/Pds5, isolated and characterized in the laboratory. Suppressor mutations which alleviate spo76-1 arrest were isolated and I characterized two of the corresponding genes: SPO11 and SKI8. Both are involved in the initiation of double-strand breaks (DSB), first step of the meiotic recombination. Chromosomal meiotic localization of Spo11p and Ski8p are mutually interdependent. Analyses of ski8 and spo11 mutants plus exogenous DSB showed that DSB promote recognition and presynaptic alignment of homologs. SC formation and normal segregation of chromosomes during bath meiotic divisions. DSB are not required for the formation of SC axial elements and for the bouquet formation but they are required for its resolution. We further found that Spo11p is a negative regulator of bouquet exit. SPO11 and SKI8 mutant phenotypes divide meiotic synapsis into three successive steps: DSB-independent recognition, DSB-dependent presynaptic coalignment of homologs at 400 nm and SC formation. We show that destabilization of chromosome cohesion and axis must be permitted locally at recombination sites and that Spo76p maintains the sister chromatids at supra-axial levels during this process. To understand the consequences of the spo76-1 mutation and of the DSB effects on meiotic progression, we studied the Spindle Checkpoint protein Mad2, implicated during the metaphase/anaphase transition. This work contributed to the understanding of the links between two important meiotic processes: recombination and pairing of homologous chromosomes
Hipper, Clémence. „Nature du complexe viral impliqué dans le mouvement à longue distance du virus de la jaunisse du navet“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ063/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the project, Turnip yellows virus (TuYV) transport in the phloem was analysed. The first objective was to identify the nature of the viral complex involved in vascular movement: virions and/or ribonucleoprotein complexes. Mutant viruses were modified in the capsid protein gene to inhibit formation of virions. By analyzing their movement in different host plants, in the absence or in the presence of the wild-type capsid proteins brought in trans, we demonstrated a strong relation between virion formation and virus long-distance movement. The second objective was to identify cellular partners of the TuYV-P4 protein, a putative movement protein which is host-specific. Two proteins were identified by screening a cDNA library of A. thaliana using the yeast two hybrid technique, and their function in the virus cycle was assessed by performing sub-cellular localizations and infection of A. thaliana KO mutants
Scarfone, Eric. „Nouvelle conception de l'organisation fonctionnelle des récepteurs vestibulaires : mise en évidence d'un micro-système de régulation de la transduction sensorielle : étude immunocytochimique et ultrastructurale“. Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20196.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDenarie, Laurent. „Robotics-inspired methods to enhance protein design“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/18677/1/Denarie.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGodde, Bérangère. „Couplage mouvement et catalyse : développement de systèmes moléculaires dynamiques contrôlés par des effecteurs chimiques et lumineux“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF023/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith a constant desire to understand and develop molecular engineering, scientists have conceived and produced a wealth of systems, similar to the ones we are confronted with everyday. In this work, organic synthesis strategies are presented for the preparation of switchable molecular turnstiles. The goal was to introduce catalytic sites and to follow their activity under controlled conditions. From multi-step and optimized routes, several families were synthesized, characterized and their catalytic activites were evaluated. In the meantime, interest was focused on the modulation of kinetics in such systems. Photo-isomerizable compounds were prepared and characterized by NMR, and later examined with photo-physics and theoretical approaches. Eager to build up organized objects, coordination networks were finally prepared from photo-sensitive ligands
Lombard, Valentin. „Geometric deep manifold learning combined with natural language processing for protein movies“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS379.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProteins play a central role in biological processes, and understanding how they deform and move is essential to elucidating their functional mechanisms. Despite recent advances in high-throughput technologies, which have broadened our knowledge of protein structures, accurate prediction of their various conformational states and motions remains a major challenge. We present two complementary approaches to address the challenge of understanding and predicting the full range of protein conformational variability. The first approach, Dimensionality Analysis for protein Conformational Exploration (DANCE) for a systematic and comprehensive description of protein families conformational variability. DANCE accommodates both experimental and predicted structures. It is suitable for analyzing anything from single proteins to superfamilies. Employing it, we clustered all experimentally resolved protein structures available in the Protein Data Bank into conformational collections and characterized them as sets of linear motions. The resource facilitates access and exploitation of the multiple states adopted by a protein and its homologs. Beyond descriptive analysis, we assessed classical dimensionality reduction techniques for sampling unseen states on a representative benchmark. This work improves our understanding of how proteins deform to perform their functions and opens ways to a standardized evaluation of methods designed to sample and generate protein conformations. The second approach relies on deep learning to predict continuous representations of protein motion directly from sequences, without the need for structural data. This model, SeaMoon, uses protein language model (pLM) embeddings as inputs to a lightweight convolutional neural network with around 1 million trainable parameters. SeaMoon achieves a success rate of 40% when evaluated against around 1,000 collections of experimental conformations, capturing movements beyond the reach of traditional methods such as normal mode analysis, which relies solely on 3D geometry. In addition, SeaMoon generalizes to proteins that have no detectable sequence similarity with its training set and can be easily retrained with updated pLMs. These two approaches offer a unified framework for advancing our understanding of protein dynamics. DANCE provides a detailed exploration of protein movements based on structural data, while SeaMoon demonstrates the potential of sequence-based deep learning models to capture complex movements without relying on explicit structural information. Together, they pave the way for a more comprehensive understanding of protein conformational variability and its role in biological function
Metivier, Christine. „La motilité chez le dinoflagellé évolué Noctiluca Scintillans Mccartney : organisation structurale, régulation ionique, caractérisation biochimique et immunologique des protéines corticales“. Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066243.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFlobinus, Alyssa. „Rôle de la protéine p14 du BNYVV et de l'ARN-3 viral dans la suppression de l'interférence par l'ARN et le mouvement à longue distance“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ045/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) is a multipartite positive-stranded RNA phytovirus. The RNA3 contains a « core » sequence in which resides the « coremin » motif of 20 nucleotides absolutely required for the viral systemic movement in Beta macrocarpa. The RNA3 undergoes a process that produces a noncoding RNA3 (ncRNA3), stabilized by « coremin » at its 5’ end. Using a yeast genetic approach, the exoribonuclease Xrn1 and plant XRN4 have been identified as being responsible for the ncRNA3 accumulation from RNA3 processing. In vitro, we showed that the ncRNA3 accumulation is due to the stalling of Xrn1 by “coremin”. The viral p14 protein, an RNA silencing suppressor encoded by the RNA2, is also required for the systemic movement and interacts with the “coremin” sequence. Our studies demonstrated the ability of RNA3 to partially complement an allelic p14 mutant in local and systemic infections. Our data highlighted an effect of the p14 protein on the RNA silencing movement and on the potential cellular target RDR6
Chapuis, Sophie. „Contribution à l’étude du mouvement systémique de deux phytovirus : analyse comparative du transcriptome de cellules compagnes infectées et saines“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ041/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePhytoviruses invade systemically their host plant through the phloem. As this viral step remains poorly understood, the aim of this work was to identify, using a transcriptomic approach, genes specifically deregulated in companion cell (CC) during infection with the Polerovirus Turnip yellows virus (TuYV) and the Potyvirus Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV). CC protoplasts were prepared and sorted by FACS technology. Extracted RNA were further analyzed by RNAseq andCATMA microarrays. Although considerable variations between the experiments were observed,we were able to identify common biological processes affected by viral infections: sulfate assimilation and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) mechanism for LMV and glucosinolate biosynthesis for TuYV. To complete this study on systemic viral movement, a CC-specific cDNA library was constructed and screened using the TuYV RT C-terminal domain as a bait. An interaction with the AtCIPK7 protein was retrieved, a protein kinase interacting with calcineurin Blike proteins. The potential role of this interaction in the viral cycle in planta was further investigated in planta
Boissinot, Sylvaine. „Partenaires et rôle dans le cycle viral des différentes formes de la protéine RT du Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998392.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePoignavent, Vianney. „Relations structure-fonctions chez la protéine multi-fonctionnelle P1 du virus de la panachure jaune du riz“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe virus of rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV for Rice Yellow Mottle Virus) mainly infects the genus Oryza and causes significant damage to rice crops in Africa. Although its genome is rudimentary, this virus code essential proteins for its maintenance in the host despite the defense mechanisms of the plant. Recent work by the team has identified the P1 protein encoded by the virus as a protein that could, through its ownership of RNA silencing suppressor, allow the virus to bypass an essential defense mechanism of the host and allow the virus to perpetuate its viral cycle. Little data on the mechanisms of action of the P1 protein is available to date. The work undertaken during my thesis was therefore to supplement the knowledge of the biochemistry of this protein, to define its three-dimensional structure and update its sub cellular localization to reveal properties that could enable us not only to understand how this protein works its functions but also to define methods of adequate response against the virus. Thus, I show that the P1 protein is a new zinc finger protein family having a unique 3D structure consisting of a first domain involved in the dimerization of the protein and in interactions with ligands some of which may originate from the plant host. My work also identifies a second sensor field in the redox state of the protein that probably allows him to probe the state of the plant during viral infection and adapt its conformation to conduct their duties. Finally, a mutagenesis approach to P1 assisted by the new 3D protein structure shows that it is now possible to identify critical residues in the protein for its participation in the viral infection. This work thus opens up many possibilities for future mechanistic studies on these key areas of the protein, as well as for studies of genetic diversity within many RYMV isolates of virus in Africa
Cotelle, Valérie. „Etude de processus de phosphorylation de protéines impliqués dans la régulation des mouvements stomatiques“. Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30115.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLaligné, Chloé. „Étude de la fonction de la protéine Bug22p dans différents organismes“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00746881.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePrulière, Gérard. „Contribution à l'étude des protéines impliquées dans la motilité cellulaire : propriétés structurales et régulatrices de la tropomyosine de plaquette, transitions isozomiques de la myosine dans les souris de la lignée "dwarf"“. Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066377.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbou, Serhal Daou Pascale. „The role of the diaphanous-related formins DRF1, DRF2 and DRF3 in ErbB2-dependent cell motility and microtubule dynamics“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDiaphanous-related formins (DRF) nucleate single linear filaments, binding to and protecting from capping their growing barbed ends. We have previously found that DRF1 participated to the tethering of microtubules (MTs) to the cell cortex, downstream of the ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase. This involved the recruitment of APC and ACF7. We have now further investigated the contribution of DRF1, and of the closely related DRF2 and DRF3, to the capture of cortical MTs and ErbB2-dependent breast carcinoma cell migration.Using siRNA to knock down individual DRFs, we found that depletion of DRF1/2 or3 strongly disturbed ErbB2-dependent chemotaxis. All three DRFs were required for the formation of cortical MTs, in a non-redundant manner. DRF1 mutant proteins defective for actin binding were still active for MT capture. We also found that, upon truncation of the Formin Homology (FH) 1 domain, the FH2 domain remained fully functional. In a systematic search for proteins binding to the FH2 domains via affinity purification and mass spectrometry analysis, we observed that the FH2 domains of DRF1, DRF2 and DRF3 engaged with distinct sets of proteins. For instance, only FH2 domain of DRF1 pulled down Rab6-Interacting Protein 2 (RB6IP2). Interestingly, DRF1 controlled the cortical localization of RB6IP2 and concomitant depletion of RB6IP2 and IQGAP1 strongly disturbed capture of cortical MTs, showing the involvement of the DRF1/IQGAP1/RB6IP2 interaction in MT tethering at the cell leading edge
Ferrand, Michel. „Etude des mouvements internes de la bactériorhodopsine par diffusion inélastique de neutrons et simulation de dynamique moléculaire“. Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10160.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGidon-Jeangirard, Carole. „Etude des relations entre les mouvements transmembranaires de phosphatidylserine, la vésiculation membranaire et l'apoptose“. Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA11T032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Duc Thanh. „Algorithmes pour le (dés)assemblage d'objets complexes et applications à la biologie structurale“. Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00538694.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMonet, Damien. „Identification de nouvelles voies d'inhibition ciblant les mouvements fonctionnels de protéines : application à la transition allostérique du récepteur nicotinique de l'acétylcholine“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS206.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe analysis of the functional motion of proteins involved in various diseases and the associated evolution of cavities and grooves offers novel strategies to identify effector molecules. This work describes the gating mechanism of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, the (a7)5 subtype, involved in cognitive processes and various neurological disorders. The activation mechanism has been modeled by a series of intermediate conformations linking the resting and the active states of the receptor. Our transition model correctly reproduced the known quaternary motion, the blooming and the twisting. We also developed a robust algorithm to consistently track cavities in protein dynamics. Groups of protein cavities define pockets, potential binding sites for small molecules. A practical implementation, mkgridXf, is given to automatically track and identify sites in protein trajectories. The complete mapping of cavities on the (a7)5 transition structures revealed 6 distinct sites with a volume varying significantly with the conformational state of the protein. Among them, we found the orthosteric site, the Ca2+ modulatory site and 2 previously described allosteric sites. The molecular docking of allosteric modulators along the gating transition suggested the existence of an effector transmembrane site. These results paves the way toward the design of drugs with targeted activities
Gaffet, Patrick. „Mouvements transmembranaires des phospholipides au cours de l'activation plaquettaire "in vitro"“. Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBassé, François. „Mouvements phospholipidiques transmembranaires et formation de vésicules au cours de l'activation plaquettaire“. Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20267.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleColonna, Anne. „Polarisation ultrarapide et mouvements vibrationnels dans la bactériorhodopsine étudiés par spectroscopie cohérente d'émission infrarouge“. Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001534.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHerin, d' Pierre. „Etude de HsEg5 moteur microtubulaire apparenté à la famille des kinésines“. Paris, EPHE, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EPHE3036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRougerie, Pablo. „Caractérisation fonctionnelle de FINROD, un nouvel inhibiteur atypique des Rho GTPases dans l’activation et la migration des lymphocytes T“. Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the course of their lifes, T cells undergo many phenotypic changes. They adopt a migratory behavior to and through secondary lymphoid organs, and switch upon infection from a resting to an activated state. Migration and activation are partly regulated by Rho GTPases. They form a family of proteins whose activity is crucial in the modulation of many biological processes. We have identified the c6orf32 gene product as a partner of Rho GTPases in human lymphocytes. This protein is barely described in the literature and does not display any consensus motifs. We have shown that this protein is an inhibitor of RhoA. The expression level of c6orf32 accordingly modulates the ability of T cells to respond to migratory cues (chemokines) or activation signals (TCR triggering). The magnitude of individual cellular responses is not affected; however, the protein participates in setting the threshold of response of RhoA-dependent pathways. Furthermore, we have shown that the c6orf32 gene was controlled by FoxOs transcription factors, whose activities are repressed after T lymphocytes activation. Therefore, the c6orf32-encoded protein is associated with a resting phenotype. Biochemical studies led us to discover that this protein directly binds to RhoA and subsequently diminishes the amount of active RhoA in cells. Thus, we decided to name it FINROD (FoxOs-induced RhoA Down-modulator)
Sanejouand, Yves-Henri. „Etude théorique des mouvements internes de grande amplitude de la décaalanine et du fragment C-terminal de la protéine ribosomale L7/L12“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00266537.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThibeaux, Roman. „Caractérisation moléculaire et cellulaire de composants amibiens et humains influençant la migration d'Entamoeba histolytica lors du franchissement de la barrière intestinale“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0050.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEntamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amoebiasis. Among E. Histolytica species, two different strains have been identified. The pathogenic strain HMI is responsible for the destruction of the intestinal barrier whereas the Rahman strain remains non pathogenic. My PhD project aims at determining the factors regulating the virulent and the commensal phenotypes. Moreover, this study is intended to determine the remodeling of the extracellular matrix upon migration of E. Histolytica within the tissues. A model based on human colonic explants enabling the analysis of early steps in intestinal amoebiasis has been used along with advanced techniques in genomics and dynamic imaging. Upon contact with the human colon, the transcriptomic landscape of E. Histolytica HMI is characterized by the overexpression of genes encoding glycolysis enzymes as well as glycosyl hydrolases. Conversely, E. Histolytica Rahman transcriptomic landscape displays genes linked to the lipid metabolism. This suggests that upon mucus invasion, only E. Histolytica HMI is able to cleave carbohydrate residues on the mucins. This cleavage would uncover the proteic backbone of the mucins, enabling the cystein proteases of the parasite to further deplete the mucus layer. We have shown that E. Histolytica is displaying an amoeboid migration combined to a collagenolytic activity. The study of the invasion of human colonic explants by E. Histolytica has revealed that fibrillar collagen structures of the colon force an invasion route on the parasite. Moreover, penetration of the lamina propria requires the destruction of the collagen network, carried on by CP-A5 in situ
Cassany, Aurélia. „Implication de la karyopherine alpha 2 dans la transduction du signal glucose dans les cellules hépatiques“. Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSadok, Amine. „Etude du rôle de la NADPH oxydase 1 dans la régulation de la migration des cellules d'adénocarcinome colique“. Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX22953.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSedjai, Fatima. „Caractérisation d'une nouvelle protéine impliquée dans la ciliogenèse, FOR20“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20670.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCilia and flagella are evolutionary conserved organelles that generate fluid movement and locomotion, and play roles in chemosensation, mechanosensation and intracellular signalling. In complex organisms, cilia are highly diversified, which allows them to perform various functions. However, they retain a 9+0 or 9+2 microtubules structure connected to a basal body. Here, we describe FOR20 (FOP-related protein of 20 kDa), a previously uncharacterized and highly conserved protein that is required for normal formation of a primary cilium. FOR20 is found in PCM1-enriched pericentriolar satellites and centrosomes. FOR20 contains a Lis1-homology domain that promotes self-interaction and is required for its satellite localization. Inhibition of FOR20 expression in RPE1 cells decreases the percentage of ciliated cells and the length of the cilium on ciliated cells. It also modifies satellite distribution, as judged by PCM1 staining, and displaces PCM1 from a detergent-insoluble to a detergent-soluble fraction. The subcellular distribution of satellites is dependent on both microtubule integrity and molecular motor activities. Our results suggest that FOR20 could be involved in regulating the interaction of PCM1 satellites with microtubules and motors. The role of FOR20 in primary cilium formation could therefore be linked to its function in regulating pericentriolar satellites. A role for FOR20 at the basal body itself is also possible
Zaoui, Kossay. „Rôle de la protéine Memo dans la migration cellulaire et la dynamique des microtubules induites par l'activation du récepteur ErbB2“. Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20708.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSelimoglu, Rasim. „A Global Approach of Ral Pathway : Identification of a New Actor : Stk38“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Ras‐like GTPases RalA and RalB are proximal effectors of oncogenic Ras.Despite their high homology, their common activators (the RalGEFs) and effectors(the exocyst complex), they make distinct and sometimes collaborative contributions to diverse cellular functions. RalA supports anchorage independent growth and regulates polarized exocytosis. RalB regulates cell migration and autophagy and inhibits apoptosis of cancer cells. How Ral GTPases achieve their differing functions is still elusive.One part of my thesis was dedicated to study the specificity of RalA and RalB functions, as well as the specificity of RalGEFs functions and of the components of the Ral interactome, in three biological processes: cytokinesis, cell migration and MAPK activation.We demonstrated that RalA and RalB have distinct functions during cytokinesis.RalA is necessary for correct progression of cytokinesis whereas RalB is necessary for abscission of the intracellular bridge. We showed also that RalA, but not RalB,regulates p38 and Jnk activation upon osmotic stress through the exocyst complex.The importance of RalB, but not RalA, in cell migration was established previously. In these three functions, we showed that the functions of Ral GTPases were triggered by specific RalGEFs.We carried out a siRNA screen of 91 genes encoding proteins participating to a protein‐protein interaction map rooted in Ral (the Ral interactome), we determined14 proteins as components of RalA pathway and 8 proteins as components of RalBpathway, required for cytokinesis completion. In cell migration, we determined 22 proteins as components of RalB pathway. We identified 5 proteins in common involved in both cellular functions.Among these proteins I have been studying the functional relationship betweenRalA and Stk38, a kinase that belongs to the tumour suppressor Hippo pathway. I showed that upon osmotic stress, RalA activates Stk38 by phosphorylation through aRalA/exocyst/Map4k4 pathway. I demonstrate that this pathway has the function to trigger p38 and Jnk activation upon osmotic stress. I showed that the regulation ofStk38 by RalA is required for apoptosis induced by TNFα.The identification of new components of Ral pathway opened new perspectives in understanding the Ral GTPases function in normal and tumour processes. Moreover,this is the first work presenting RalA as a pro‐apoptotic protein, suggesting that RalAmight have tumour‐suppressor like functions
Stalin, Jimmy. „Contribution à l'étude du rôle de CD146 soluble dans les pathologies angiogéniques“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5080.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDiseases with angiogenic component such as ischaemic pathologies and cancer have a high incidence. Among ischaemic pathologies, the acute ischaemia of the lower limbs made the object of many research having for goal a better comprehension of the physiopathological mechanisms and the development of effective therapies. The endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) take part in the regeneration of the vessels during ischaemia. In tumoral pathology, resistance to available treatments pushes research to find new therapeutic targets. For several years, our team has worked on CD146 molecule. It was shown that the soluble form of CD146 is an angiogenic factor involved in physiology and pathology. Our work thus consisted in studying the mechanism of action of this molecule in pathologies. Work of this thesis comprises several axes: A first in which the study of the modulations of the effects of soluble CD146 on EPC made it possible to highlight its receptor, angiomotin protein. The second part of the work concerned the study of the effects of a pretreatment by soluble CD146 on EPC on a model of IAMI in mouse. In vitro and in vivo, soluble CD146 increases the angiogenic properties and the viability of the EPC. Lastly, the third part of the work completed during my thesis concerned the role of sCD146 in cancerous pathology. We developed xenograft models of cancer cells allowing us to examine the effects of soluble CD146 on the tumor growth by the injection of this molecule. The results obtained show that soluble CD146 increases tumor growth and vascularization
Ibrahim, Rama. „Rôle et régulation biochimique de la Protéine HEF1 et de sa phosphorylation sur sérine dans les tumeurs colorectales“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T055.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHuman Enhancer of Filamentation 1 (HEF1) is a member of the p130Cas family of docking proteins. HEF1 is present at focal adhesions and is involved in integrin-mediated cytoskeleton reorganization associated with cell migration. Elevated expression of HEF1 promotes invasion and metastasis in multiple cancer cell types. To date, little is known on the role of HEF1 in CRC tumor progression. HEF1 is phosphorylated on several Ser/Thr residues but the effects of these post-translational modifications on the functions of HEF1 are poorly understood. In this manuscript, we investigated the role of HEF1 in colorectal adeno-carcinoma migration capacities. First, we found that HEF1 expression was augmented in high stages CRC samples and then showed that overexpression of HEF1 in colo-carcinoma cell line HCT116 increases cell migration. Moreover, in these cells, HEF1 increases Src-mediated phosphorylation of FAK. We then showed that HEF1 mutation on Ser-369 enhances HEF1-induced migration and FAK phosphorylation as a result of protein stabilization. We also, for the first time characterized a functional mutation of HEF1 on Arg-367 which mimics the effect of Ser-369 to Ala mutation. Finally through mass spectrometry experiments, we identified BCAR3 as an essential interactor and mediator of HEF1-induced migration. We demonstrated that single amino acid mutations that prevent formation of the HEF1-BCAR3 complex impair HEF1-mediated migration. Therefore, amino-acid substitutions that prevent Ser-369 phosphorylation stabilize HEF1 which increases the migration of CRC cells and this requires the interaction of HEF1 with the NSP family adaptor protein BCAR3. Collectively, these data reveal the importance of HEF1 expression level in cancer cell motility and then support the utilization of HEF1 as a biomarker of tumor progression
Nguyen, Minh Khoa. „Exploration efficace de chemins moléculaires par approches aussi rigides que possibles et par méthodes de planification de mouvements“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM013/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProteins are macromolecules participating in important biophysical processes of living organisms. It has been shown that changes in protein structures can lead to changes in their functions and are found linked to some diseases such as those related to neurodegenerative processes. Hence, an understanding of their structures and interactions with other molecules such as ligands is of major concern for the scientific community and the medical industry for inventing and assessing new drugs.In this dissertation, we are particularly interested in developing new methods to find for a system made of a single protein or a protein and a ligand, the pathways that allow changing from one state to another. During past decade, a vast amount of computational methods has been proposed to address this problem. However, these methods still have to face two challenges: the high dimensionality of the representation space, associated to the large number of atoms in these systems, and the complexity of the interactions between these atoms.This dissertation proposes two novel methods to efficiently find relevant pathways for such biomolecular systems. The methods are fast and their solutions can be used, analyzed or improved with more specialized methods. The first proposed method generates interpolation pathways for biomolecular systems using the As-Rigid-As-Possible (ARAP) principle from Computer Graphics. The method is robust and the generated solutions preserve at best the local rigidity of the original system. An energy-based extension of the method is also proposed, which significantly improves the solution paths. However, in scenarios requiring complex deformations, this geometric approach may still generate unnatural paths. Therefore, we propose a second method called ART-RRT, which combines the ARAP principle for reducing the dimensionality, with the Rapidly-exploring Random Trees from Robotics for efficiently exploring possible pathways. This method not only gives a variety of pathways in reasonable time but the pathways are also low-energy and clash-free, with the local rigidity preserved as much as possible. The mono-directional and bi-directional versions of the ART-RRT method were applied for finding ligand-unbinding and protein conformational transition pathways, respectively. The results are found to be in good agreement with experimental data and other state-of-the-art solutions
Vaillant-Beuchot, Loan. „Étude des mécanismes liés aux dysfonctions mitochondriales, à l'altération de la mitophagie et aux défauts du transport mitochondrial dans la maladie d'Alzheimer“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ6019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMitochondria are essential organelles in cells, ensuring energy production with ATP synthesis, calcium buffering, apoptosis regulation. These functions are altered at early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are essentially induced by the Amyloid (Aβ), produced after the sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretase. Aβ is a major actor of AD development but all the treatments targeting this peptide remain ineffective. C-terminal APP fragments (APP-CTFs: C83 and C99 (Aβ precursor) are other fragments presenting specific toxicity in AD and new potential therapeutic targets. My project is focus on the study of APP-CTFs toxicity, independently of Aβ, on the structure, function of mitochondria, their degradation by mitophagy and on mitochondrial transport proteins. They constitute the complex allowing mitochondrial transport in cells, especially in neurons, closely linked to mitochondrial renewal, particularly in neurons.First axe: APP-CTFs impact on mitochondrial structure, function and mitophagy. We described APP-CTFs accumulation in mitochondrial fraction in vitro (human neuroblastoma cells expressing APP Swedish double mutation (SH-SY5Y-APPswe) or C99 fragment (SH-SY5Y-C99)) and in vivo (3xTgAD mice expressing APPswe, TauP301L, PS1 (M146V) or C99 fragment after viral injection). We inhibit the cleavage of APP-CTFs and the production of Aβ by pharmacological approaches, to abolish γ-secretase activity. Ours results show for the first time in vitro and in vivo, that high concentration of APP-CTFs independently of Aβ, impact mitochondrial structure, function and alter mitophagy process, resulting in an accumulation of altered mitochondria producing high levels of toxic reactive oxygen species. In addition, our results in patient brains of sporadic AD (SAD) patients show altered mitophagic protein levels correlating with APP-CTFs accumulation (1-2).Second axe: study of the effects of APP, APP-CTFs and Aβ peptide on mitochondrial transport machinery. I reported the specific regulation of mitochondrial transport protein by endogenous APP (Mice fibroblasts APP WT and KO) and the overexpression of APPswe (and in SH-SY-5Y-APPswe cells). APP-CTFs and Aβ differentially regulate mitochondrial transport protein levels in treated SH-SY-5Y-APPswe cells with γ-secretase inhibitor. These results were validated in mice fibroblasts KO for presenilins (catalytic compounds of γ-secretase) avoiding APP-CTFs degradation. APP-CTFs and Aβ impair the recruitment of mitochondria to its transport machinery in differentiated SHSY-5Y. The progression of the disease deregulates the levels of mitochondrial transport protein in vivo (3xTgAD and WT mice brains, C99 injected mice brains) and in SAD patients brains. The analyses of young and old mice brains and of SAD patients samples at different stages of the disease, allowed us to demonstrate an impact of aging in the regulation of mitochondrial transport protein levels. This phenomenon occurs also in addition with AD progression (3).These studies highlight new molecular mechanisms impacting mitochondrial homeostasis during AD progression. Our findings will bring new therapeutic research to slow down mitochondrial dysfunctions and/or to stimulate their renewal in AD context.(1). Vaillant-Beuchot L.*, Mary A.* et al. Acta Neuropathologica 2020.(2). Mary A.*, Vaillant-Beuchot L.* et al. Médecine/sciences 2021.(3). Vaillant-Beuchot et al. En cours de soumission