Dissertationen zum Thema „Mousse poreuse“
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Leroux, Denis. „Polystyrène sulfoné supporté sur silice poreuse : greffage et activité en catalyse acide“. Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10290.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCognet, Patrick. „Application du réacteur, à électrode poreuse percolée pulsée, en électrosynthèse organique sur mousse de nickel“. Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT020G.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuignot, Sylvain. „Rôle de particules colloïdales sur la stabilité de mousses de décontamination“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0240.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study aims to highlight the stabilization of nuclear decontamination foam by hydrophilic and hydrophobic mineral particles. Hydrophobic particles consist of homogeneously-grafted colloidal silica, and we have examined their ability to make an ideal gas-liquid interface viscoelastic. Hydrophilic particles are micrometric agglomerates of fumed silica, which turn foaming solutions into thixotropic yield-stress materials. The resulting foams can retain up to 75 % of their initial liquid during several hours. These remarkable drainage kinetics are explained with regards to the confining of agglomerates, studied both in a specifically-developed rigid porous media and in a foam with mobile interfaces and size-controlled bubbles. A percolation threshold appears in the porous media but can not take place in the foam owing to the interfaces deformability. Liquid is retained in the porous agglomerates trapped within the foam channels. The whole results have been patented
Hourtané, Virginie. „Écoulement de mousse dans des modèles de milieux poreux“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0330/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCrude oil is already usually trapped into heterogeneous porous media. In order to increase the recovery efficiency, one of the chemical solutions consists in injecting foams in porous media to expel oil from the rock. Foam is indeed able in some cases to greatly decrease the mobility, leading to a better sweeping of the reservoir. However, the mechanisms controlling the foam mobility are not well known. We propose a microfluidic approach allowing a direct observation of the flow of bubbles in a model of porous media. We observe that the flow is not homogeneous in the porous medium: it is concentrated in some paths. The number of these preferential paths depends of the foam quality and the capillary number. If we simplify the geometry of the porous medium to a loop, we prove that the formation of preferential paths depends of the size of the loop. Indeed we can only immobilize the bubbles if the size of the loop is around the size of the bubbles
Mauray, Alexis. „Etude des propriétés de transport de mousse dans des modèles de milieux poreux“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI120/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn enhanced oil recovery (EOR), foams are injected in porous media to improve oil recovery efficiency. The objective is to limit viscous fingering thanks to the high effective viscosity of the foam at low capillary number Ca. Foam is produced by the co-injection of a gas and a solution of surfactants. This thesis focuses on foam formation and transport mechanisms in model porous media using a heterogeneous micromodel made in NOA. Foam formation is studied using two different approaches. The first one consists in studying a co-injection of two fluids thanks to a jet flowing in the center of the system. This experiment shows that the less wetting fluids is dispersed in the other one when the capillary number is higher than 10-5. A second set of experiments is conducted by injected a pre-formed train of big bubbles in model a porous media. The bubbles divide until they reach a diameter of the order of to the pore size, for high enough capillary numbers Ca. Besides, we studied the transport properties of foam in similar model porous media. Direct measurements show that the pressure drop induces by the flow can be at Ca=10-6 as high as 3000 times the pressure corresponding to water injected at the same injection flow rate. This ratio decreases with capillary number. An analysis of the preferential paths by direct observations shows that, for low relative gas flow rate, only a few paths are active. However, an increase of the capillary number or if relative gas flow rate leads to a homogenization of the flow in the medium. Thanks to different simple models of straight or wavy channels, we measure that the pressure drop induced by a single bubble is in good agreement with Bretherton’s law, and scales as Ca2/3. However, in wavy channels the pressure drop due to a single bubble deviates from this prediction and exhibits a plateau at Ca lower than 10-4. In this regime, the motion of the bubble is usually intermittent. Finally, we focus on foam formation and transport properties in presence of oil. Our observations lead to the conclusion that for our setup and surfactant formulations, oil has a negligible influence
Fergui, Omar. „Ecoulements instationnaires de mousses en milieu poreux“. Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10554.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGomes, Pedroni Lucas. „Experimental study of mobility control by foams : potential of a FAWAG process in pre-salt reservoir conditions“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066564/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aimed at advancing our knowledge of the rheological behavior of foams in porous media. For that, we performed a comprehensive systematic petrophysical study of foam flow in porous media to determine the impact of foam quality, flow rate (interstitial velocity), permeability, pressure and gas composition on foam performance. Our findings show that the data obtained over a range of foam qualities, interstitial velocities and permeabilities converged to a power law master curve, independently of the flow regime, once the rheological behavior of strong foam was expressed in terms of apparent viscosity as a function of shear rate. The master curve obeys a power law with a universal exponent of -2/3. We found experimental and theoretical evidence in the literature for the value of the exponent. Our results also showed that foam was less effective in reducing gas mobility as pressure increased and that at sufficiently low pressures, the gas composition has no effect on foam performance. However, at high pressures, the gas composition becomes a determinant parameter, and all components must be considered. We found a master curve for foam performance which allows us to extrapolate foam efficiency for different compositions at different pressures. The experimental correlations obtained by these original approaches hold immense potential to advance the physical modeling of foam flow in porous media. Therefore, both approaches and correlations above can be used to refine foam flooding modeling, thus improving the simulation of Foam-EOR process and its reliability
Delbos, Aline. „Imprégnation forcée de fluides dans des milieux poreux“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00542832.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHe, Siyuan. „Mousses métalliques et métal poreux polymère composite (MPPC) : élaboration et comportement mécanique“. Troyes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TROY0011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAmong the various types of existing foams, we investigate the aluminium foam prepared with infiltration technique. In order to improve their mechanical behavior and especially their energy absorption capacity under impact, we introduced various polymers into the pores to engender a new composite Bi-material: Metal Porous Polymer Composite (MPPC). The principal goal of this study consists of the preparation of aluminium foam and composites (MPPC) and the exploitation upon their mechanical properties under load compressive and impact. For this aim and based on a bibliographical study, we designed and installed necessary equipment to prepare the materials. In order to predict and control the porosity of the aluminium foam, a simplified and idealized physical model was established. In consequence, the mechanical behavior of materials was studied with static compression tests. For obtain necessary information to choose the appropriate foam or composite in the real occasion, the influence of the structural parameters on the mechanical response was investigated. Moreover, a numerical simplified model was proposed to establish the relation between the structure of cellule and the elastic module. In the last part, the dynamic properties of foam and composite were studied under point impact. In the same way, we studied the influence of the structural parameters and the conditions of tests on the responses of materials under impact
Gomes, Pedroni Lucas. „Experimental study of mobility control by foams : potential of a FAWAG process in pre-salt reservoir conditions“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066564.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aimed at advancing our knowledge of the rheological behavior of foams in porous media. For that, we performed a comprehensive systematic petrophysical study of foam flow in porous media to determine the impact of foam quality, flow rate (interstitial velocity), permeability, pressure and gas composition on foam performance. Our findings show that the data obtained over a range of foam qualities, interstitial velocities and permeabilities converged to a power law master curve, independently of the flow regime, once the rheological behavior of strong foam was expressed in terms of apparent viscosity as a function of shear rate. The master curve obeys a power law with a universal exponent of -2/3. We found experimental and theoretical evidence in the literature for the value of the exponent. Our results also showed that foam was less effective in reducing gas mobility as pressure increased and that at sufficiently low pressures, the gas composition has no effect on foam performance. However, at high pressures, the gas composition becomes a determinant parameter, and all components must be considered. We found a master curve for foam performance which allows us to extrapolate foam efficiency for different compositions at different pressures. The experimental correlations obtained by these original approaches hold immense potential to advance the physical modeling of foam flow in porous media. Therefore, both approaches and correlations above can be used to refine foam flooding modeling, thus improving the simulation of Foam-EOR process and its reliability
Mouquet, Aymeric. „Structure et élasticité des films moussés : Effets de la distribution des tailles des bulles“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1108/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe subject of this experimental work is the study of foam films mechanics with a confined structure because of their low thickness. With our foaming method using polyurethane particles dispersion, we generated foam films with independent control over the gas fraction (or the density), the thickness e or the pore size distribution (with a mean diameter D ̅_b). For this last parameter, we focused on monodisperse, bidisperse and polydisperse distributions. Obtained structures were studied using X-ray tomography to quantify confinement-induced order (density profiles, pore center spatial position, structural elements size,…). The mechanics of such foam films was studied in both uniaxial tension (in-plane) and compression (orthogonal plan). A particular work was done on the polymer matrix in order to determine reduced values (moduli and characteristic stress) to compare our results with models in the literature. We show that in addition to the classic density effect, the mean number of bubbles across the thickness, i.e. e⁄D ̅_b is a determinant parameter for both stress directions. In tension, parietal walls contribute to increase the elastic modulus of films with respect to non-confined foam. This effect on the mechanical strength is even more important (up to two times) when e⁄D ̅_b is small without any effect regarding the pore size distribution. In compression, parietal walls do not contribute directly to the measured values but the confinement still has an important role, this time depending on the pore size distribution. Indeed, monodisperse foam films are organized in polycrystals with much better mechanical characteristics compared to polydisperse foam films that present numerous mechanical weak spots caused by initial bubble packing defects. Bidisperse foam films mechanical behavior is either close to monodisperse or polydisperse foam films respectively for high or small e⁄D ̅_b ratio
Lemarinier, Pavel. „Propagation du son dans des mousses et une laine de verre a structures rigides saturees par de l'air : validation experimentale de modeles thermiques, analogie dielectrique, impregnation polymere d'une mousse“. Le Mans, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LEMA1004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMerlet, Samuel. „Elaboration et caractérisation de poly(phénylquinoxaline)s poreux“. Chambéry, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CHAMS023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis is to develop new high performance polymeric materials with closed submicron porosity. The adopted strategy is an original foaming process based on the in-situ gas generation from pendant thermolabile group decomposition. A thermostable polymer matrix poly(phenylquinoxaline)s (PPQ) has been chosen, as well as the thermolabile group tertbutylcarbonate (Boc). A preliminary model study was performed to precisely define the adapted strategy. Grafting the Boc structure on phenol group was shown to be efficient and the thermal decomposition provides carbon dioxide and isobutene in a very clean and quantitative way, which should lead to a good control of the foaming process of the system PPQ + CO2 /isobutene. Different monomers bis(α-diketone)s were synthesized and polymerized with a commercial bis(o-diamine), leading to PPQ with pendant phenol groups. Depending on the experimental conditions are prepared several structures having various phenol contents and specific repartitions depending on the monomer or "statistic”/”sequenced" architecture. The functionalisation of these phenol groups into Boc thermolabile groups could lead to a gas concentration from 150 to 654 mg/g and a repartition derived from the phenol ones. Three key parameters enable a good control of the porous materials morphology. They are the gas concentration, the glass transition (Tg) of the polymer and the foaming temperature. Using high foaming temperatures lead to macroporous PPQ foams (ultra and microcellular foams) whose morphologies are similar with ones obtained after a conventional CO2 foaming process. Parameters of this macroporosity can be controlled by playing on the gas concentration and the Tg of the polymer. Moreover foaming of "sequenced" architecture (bloc copolymers) lead to the formation of ultra and microcellular foams with a double distribution of pores. This bimodal distribution is probably due to microscopic phase segregations. All studied polymers associated with moderated foaming temperatures enable the formation of nanocellular foams with closed porosity. This results show that it is possible to form and stabilize nano-cells (8-40 nm) from a nucleation and growth mechanism in a polymer matrix. The production of such very small sizes and high cell densities requires a high nucleation rate (elevated gas concentration) and a limited growth of nucleated nano-cells (elevated system viscosity). Among the studied structures, the PPQ-OH foams show the best compromise between a high gas concentration (345 mg/g) and a high Tg (370 °C) and lead to very interesting nanocellular materials (Φ: 8-11 nm – Nc: 4 1016 cells/cm3 – P: 14-16 %vol)
Carn, Florent. „Intégration entre chimie douce et fluides complexes pour la genèse d'architectures poreuses hiérarchisées : synthèses, caractérisations et application“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00267831.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOuali, Chakib. „Caractérisation multi-échelle de l’écoulement de mousses en milieux poreux en contexte EOR“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS001/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFoam has long been used as a mobility control agent in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes to enhance sweep efficiency and overcome gravity segregation, viscous fingering and gas channeling, which are gas-related problems when the latter is injected alone in the reservoir. However, the systematic use of foam in reservoir engineering requires more in-depth knowledge of its dynamics in porous media. The literature shows two types of experimental approaches based either on petrophysical studies carried out on 3D porous systems and based on pressure measurements, or on microfluidic studies that allow direct visualization of foam flow but are limited to 1D or 2D model systems. The research investigated in this thesis aims to bridge the gap between these two approaches. The proposed strategy is to characterize in situ the foam flow in 3D porous media with techniques providing a wide range of temporal and spatial resolutions. A coreflood setup giving access to classical petro-physical measurements was developed and then coupled to different observation cells designed specifically for each characterization instrument. First, an X-ray CT scanner was used to describe and visualize the foam flow at the core scale. The rheological behavior of foam on this scale was studied as a function of the injection conditions such as gas velocity and foam quality. Secondly, Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) was used to probe the foam structure in situ during the flow, on a wide length scale, up to three orders of magnitude in size. In situ foam texture (size and density of bubbles and lamellae) was measured for different foam qualities and at different propagation distances from the injection point. A comparison to the geometric characteristics of the porous medium was also realized. Thirdly, High Resolution Fast X-ray Micro-tomography on a Synchrotron was used to visualize the foam flow at the pore scale. This allowed to confirm visually some foam characteristics measured with SANS and to investigate on local intermittent gas trapping and mobilization. This study is an important step in the multi-scale characterization of foam flow in 3D porous media and provides some answers to certain generally accepted assumptions
Del, Campo Estrada Estefania. „Ecoulements de mousse pour la dépollution d'aquifères“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0101/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAquifer pollution with hydrocarbons is very persistent and difficult to treat, becoming a major issue for the environment because of the negative effect on human health. In situ foam generation combined with soil washing is an innovative remediation technology that allows a better fluid mobility control in heterogeneous formations. The purpose of this method is to block the flow through the high permeability layers in order to improve the sweep efficiency of low permeability strata.The thesis is divided into two main parts describing an experimental study and a numerical study.A preliminary selection of environmentally-friendly surfactants was carried out on the basis of their foamability. Sucrose laurate (emulsifier from food industry) was selected and compared with a conventional surfactant. 1-D column tests were performed to study the influence of permeability, surfactant type and foam quality on the resistance factor. The results, interpreted using the capillary pressure, show two flow regimes, corresponding to the two foam textures: "weak" and "strong". Experiments on 2-D heterogeneous pilot allowed visualizing the different steps of the remediation process and comparing the sweep efficiency with and without a region blocked by foam.The numerical part includes modeling 1-D column tests using UTCHEM, a sensitivity study of the most important parameters of the model, and a simulation of tracer tests on 2-D pilot using MODFLOW
Chevillotte, Fabien. „Étude acoustique des matériaux poreux à cellules fermées“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1451.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOuali, Chakib. „Caractérisation multi-échelle de l’écoulement de mousses en milieux poreux en contexte EOR“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFoam has long been used as a mobility control agent in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes to enhance sweep efficiency and overcome gravity segregation, viscous fingering and gas channeling, which are gas-related problems when the latter is injected alone in the reservoir. However, the systematic use of foam in reservoir engineering requires more in-depth knowledge of its dynamics in porous media. The literature shows two types of experimental approaches based either on petrophysical studies carried out on 3D porous systems and based on pressure measurements, or on microfluidic studies that allow direct visualization of foam flow but are limited to 1D or 2D model systems. The research investigated in this thesis aims to bridge the gap between these two approaches. The proposed strategy is to characterize in situ the foam flow in 3D porous media with techniques providing a wide range of temporal and spatial resolutions. A coreflood setup giving access to classical petro-physical measurements was developed and then coupled to different observation cells designed specifically for each characterization instrument. First, an X-ray CT scanner was used to describe and visualize the foam flow at the core scale. The rheological behavior of foam on this scale was studied as a function of the injection conditions such as gas velocity and foam quality. Secondly, Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) was used to probe the foam structure in situ during the flow, on a wide length scale, up to three orders of magnitude in size. In situ foam texture (size and density of bubbles and lamellae) was measured for different foam qualities and at different propagation distances from the injection point. A comparison to the geometric characteristics of the porous medium was also realized. Thirdly, High Resolution Fast X-ray Micro-tomography on a Synchrotron was used to visualize the foam flow at the pore scale. This allowed to confirm visually some foam characteristics measured with SANS and to investigate on local intermittent gas trapping and mobilization. This study is an important step in the multi-scale characterization of foam flow in 3D porous media and provides some answers to certain generally accepted assumptions
Magliacano, Dario. „Vibro-acoustique des matériaux poreux avec des inclusions périodiques“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://indexation.univ-fcomte.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/8a6ec289-81f2-4fb8-88e2-f67b4366a690.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe design based on periodic elements is a powerful strategy for the achievement of lightweight sound packages and represents a convenient solution for manufacturing aspects.Many theoretical models are available to predict the physical behavior of porous materials. The most complex models require the definition of more than ten parameters to model the physical system of a porous absorbing material. It is the case, for example, of the theory of poro-elasticity developed by Maurice Biot, which allows to take into account the mechanical properties of the material, simultaneously to its acoustical behavior. Moreover, some of the parameters that are present in the different theoretical models are very difficult to measure. In general, the measurements of all the necessary parameters, that usually constitute the first step in the construction of a reliable model, represent by themselves a specific issue. Therefore, even if porous materials are widely used in many fields of industrial applications to achieve the requirements of noise reduction, that nowadays derive from strict regulations, the modeling of porous materials is still a problematic issue. Numerical simulations, like Finite Element Methods (FEM), are often problematic in case of real complex geometries, especially in terms of computational times and convergence. At the same time, analytical models, even if partly limited by restrictive approximating hypotheses, represent a powerful instrument to capture quickly the physics of the problem and general trends.Although porous materials are commonly used for vibroacoustic applications, they suffer from a lack of absorption at low frequencies compared to their efficiency at higher ones. This difficulty is usually overcome by multi-layering. However, while reducing the impedance mismatch at the air-material interface, the efficiency of such devices relies on the allowable thickness. A more efficient way to enhance the low frequency performances of sound packages consists in embedding periodic inclusions in a porous layer in order to create wave interferences or resonance effects that may play a positive role in the dynamics of the system. Therefore, numerical tools to properly design sound packages are more and more useful. An interesting research target is the inclusion of vibroacoustic treatments at early stage of product development through the use of porous media with periodic inclusions, which exhibit proper dynamic filtering effects; this address different applications in transportation (aerospace, automotive, railway), energy and civil engineering sectors, where both weight and space, as well as vibroacoustic comfort, still remain as critical issues.The main numerical tool which is developed in this work is the shift cell operator approach, which allows the description of the propagation of all existing waves from the description of the unit cell through the resolution of a quadratic eigenvalue problem which can handle any frequency-dependency of parameters. It belongs to the class of the k(ω) (wave number as a function of the angular frequency) methods, which allow computing dispersion curves for frequency-dependent problems, instead of using the classical ω(k) (angular frequency as a function of wave number) that leads to non-linear eigenvalue problems. This technique has been successfully applied for describing the mechanical behavior of periodic structures embedding viscoelastic materials or piezoelectric materials. Here we propose an extension to equivalent fluid and diphasic models of porous materials, which makes possible to overcome the limits of existing approaches in order to obtain a device whose frequency efficiency outperforms existing designs.The aim of this manuscript, therefore, is to introduce some enhancements to the state of the art of the shift cell technique applied to equivalent fluid and diphasic models
Gassara, Omar. „Modélisation des écoulements de mousse dans les milieux poreux en récupération assistée du pétrole“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066588/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleConventional techniques of oil recovery consist in injecting water and/or gas into the geological formation to force out the oil. These methods may reveal ineffective because of high permeability contrasts, unfavorable mobility ratio between the driving fluid and the oil in place which generally generates viscous fingering, and gravity segregation. In this context, foam has shown a great potential to overcome all these detrimental effects, and thereafter, to improve the volumetric sweep efficiency. Still some key points need to be addressed regarding the predictive calculation of multiphase foam flow in porous media. Methods for modeling foam flow in porous media fall into two categories: population balance (PB) models and (semi)-empirical (SE) models. On the one hand, PB models describe foam lamellas transport in porous media and predict the evolution of foam microstructure as the result of pore-scale mechanisms of lamellas generation and destruction. Within this framework, the modeling of foam effects on gas mobility is directly related to foam texture (lamellas density) along with the effects of other parameters impacting its rheology such as foam quality and velocity, permeability of the porous media, surfactant concentration, etc. On the other hand, SE models are based on the extension of multiphase classical Darcy's model to describe foam flow in porous media, such that the foam texture effects are described indirectly through a multi-parameter interpolation function of parameters measured/observed in laboratory. Such formulation has to be calibrated from foam flow experimental data on a case-by-case basis, which can turn to be a cumbersome task. Furthermore, SE models involve uncertainty because they are not based on mechanistic laws driving lamellas transport in porous media, and their predictive capacity remains low as too few laboratory data are generally available for their calibration. Nonetheless, the reservoir engineer needs a reliable foam model in order to design, assess and optimize foam enhanced oil recovery processes for field application. Accordingly, this thesis aims at providing further insights into the topics related to the parameterization of (semi)-empirical models through better formulated and calibrated laws in order to improve their predictivity. In this work, we have established the physical basis necessary to validate the (semi)-empirical models. Indeed, we developed the equivalence between SE and PB models achieved through relationships between the parameters of these two modeling approaches (industrial and physical). The equivalence has been established and studied using a pre-calibrated PB model of the literature to fit steady-state foam measurements. In addition, this equivalence allowed us to develop a new procedure to calibrate the (semi)-empirical models in a reliable and deterministic way. This procedure was tested and validated using results from IFPEN core-flood experiments by translating them into steady-state texture measurements. Finally, we proposed scaling laws for empirical model parameters with the permeability of the porous media, by analyzing the fitted parameters on cores of different permeabilities. Different interpretations of the scaling laws are herein provided using theoretical models for lamellas stability. Then, their importance has been demonstrated through simulations on a two layer reservoir cross-section. The simulation results indicate that the predictions of foam flow in a heterogeneous reservoir require a good knowledge of the scaling laws of SE model parameters with permeability
Gassara, Omar. „Modélisation des écoulements de mousse dans les milieux poreux en récupération assistée du pétrole“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2017PA066588.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleConventional techniques of oil recovery consist in injecting water and/or gas into the geological formation to force out the oil. These methods may reveal ineffective because of high permeability contrasts, unfavorable mobility ratio between the driving fluid and the oil in place which generally generates viscous fingering, and gravity segregation. In this context, foam has shown a great potential to overcome all these detrimental effects, and thereafter, to improve the volumetric sweep efficiency. Still some key points need to be addressed regarding the predictive calculation of multiphase foam flow in porous media. Methods for modeling foam flow in porous media fall into two categories: population balance (PB) models and (semi)-empirical (SE) models. On the one hand, PB models describe foam lamellas transport in porous media and predict the evolution of foam microstructure as the result of pore-scale mechanisms of lamellas generation and destruction. Within this framework, the modeling of foam effects on gas mobility is directly related to foam texture (lamellas density) along with the effects of other parameters impacting its rheology such as foam quality and velocity, permeability of the porous media, surfactant concentration, etc. On the other hand, SE models are based on the extension of multiphase classical Darcy's model to describe foam flow in porous media, such that the foam texture effects are described indirectly through a multi-parameter interpolation function of parameters measured/observed in laboratory. Such formulation has to be calibrated from foam flow experimental data on a case-by-case basis, which can turn to be a cumbersome task. Furthermore, SE models involve uncertainty because they are not based on mechanistic laws driving lamellas transport in porous media, and their predictive capacity remains low as too few laboratory data are generally available for their calibration. Nonetheless, the reservoir engineer needs a reliable foam model in order to design, assess and optimize foam enhanced oil recovery processes for field application. Accordingly, this thesis aims at providing further insights into the topics related to the parameterization of (semi)-empirical models through better formulated and calibrated laws in order to improve their predictivity. In this work, we have established the physical basis necessary to validate the (semi)-empirical models. Indeed, we developed the equivalence between SE and PB models achieved through relationships between the parameters of these two modeling approaches (industrial and physical). The equivalence has been established and studied using a pre-calibrated PB model of the literature to fit steady-state foam measurements. In addition, this equivalence allowed us to develop a new procedure to calibrate the (semi)-empirical models in a reliable and deterministic way. This procedure was tested and validated using results from IFPEN core-flood experiments by translating them into steady-state texture measurements. Finally, we proposed scaling laws for empirical model parameters with the permeability of the porous media, by analyzing the fitted parameters on cores of different permeabilities. Different interpretations of the scaling laws are herein provided using theoretical models for lamellas stability. Then, their importance has been demonstrated through simulations on a two layer reservoir cross-section. The simulation results indicate that the predictions of foam flow in a heterogeneous reservoir require a good knowledge of the scaling laws of SE model parameters with permeability
Wintzenrieth, Frederic. „Propagation du Son et Diffusion de la Lumière dans les mousses“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066067/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims at characterizing and understanding acoustic wave propagation in ordered solid foams. We developed a new acoustic probe based on coherent light multiple scattering. This probe called Laser Speckle Visibility Acoustic Spectroscopy is sensitive to the displacement field induced by the acoustic wave in time and space, so that the wave dispersion relation and attenuation can be measured. We validated LSVAS measuring the aforementioned properties in aqueous foams which viscoelastic properties were already known. We then elaborated solid foams with ordered structures by gelling monodisperse liquid foams produced with a microfluidic generator. Generating acoustic waves in a wave guide filled with such a gelled foam, we studied their propagation in a frequency range up to 10 kHz. Longitudinal and transverse wave velocities but also attenuation lengths simultaneously measured at low frequency show that the acoustic wave propagates in solid foam like in an effective viscoelastic continuous medium. Longitudinal and transverse wave velocity variations of this slow mode with gas volume fraction are well described by Wood's law and agree with the semi-empirical law suggested by Ashby & Gibson. At frequencies higher than a few hundred hertz, the transverse wavelength approaches the bubble size and this slow mode is not observed any more. Meanwhile, a much faster mode, which velocity compares to the sound wave velocity in air, appears. We show how this regime and the strong coupling between film and gas displacement in the framework of Biot's acoustic theory
Leclaire, Philippe. „Caractérisation physique de matériaux poreux pour l'étude des interactions acoustique/structure“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871339.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa première partie de ce mémoire est consacrée aux paramètres physiques des milieux poreux et à leur caractérisation. Suite aux travaux théoriques importants de Biot qui fut un pionnier dans le domaine, la propagation acoustique dans les milieux poreux saturés de fluide est maintenant relativement bien connue grâce aux nombreuses contributions depuis les années 1970-80 d'une communauté scientifique assez large. Cependant, l'une des difficultés majeures rencontrées dans la pratique était l'absence d'information sur certains paramètres définis dans le domaine des hautes fréquences de Biot, dans les modèles les plus élaborés. Les hautes fréquences de Biot sont telles que l'épaisseur de peau visqueuse des ondes est petite devant les dimensions caractéristiques des pores mais ces fréquences demeurent inférieures aux basses fréquences des modèles de diffusion de sorte que les longueurs d'ondes restent très grandes devant les dimensions des hétérogénéités (diffuseurs). Dans ce contexte, notre principale contribution fut la proposition de méthodes originales basées sur la propagation d'ultrasons aériens ou dans un gaz saturant le matériau poreux pour la mesure de la tortuosité et des longueurs caractéristiques visqueuse et thermique. Ces recherches ont donné lieu à plusieurs thèses de doctorat conduites à Leuven et au Mans, en particulier, la thèse de Luc Kelders soutenue à la K. U. Leuven en 1998. Les autres faits et résultats marquants de ces recherches sont :
- la caractérisation complète pour la première fois grâce à ces expériences, de certains matériaux jusqu'alors inconnus.
- la réalisation d'un banc de mesure ultrasonore pour la mesure des paramètres haute fréquence. Le dispositif est maintenant couramment utilisé à la demande d'industriels et a été installé dans plusieurs laboratoires, notamment au Japon.
- la réponse à une question sur l'origine de l'excès d'atténuation observé à haute fréquence et non prédit par les modèles basés sur la théorie de Biot. Dans la plupart des matériaux utilisés en acoustique, cet excès d'atténuation est dû à la diffusion, lorsque les longueurs d'ondes ne peuvent plus être considérées comme grandes devant les dimensions des hétérogénéités. Dans ce cas, les modèles basés sur des phases effectives ne sont plus valables et doivent faire place aux modèles de diffusion.
Les recherches sur la caractérisation des paramètres physiques des milieux poreux et sur les relations entre ces paramètres continuent. Récemment, des recherches ont été entreprises par Z. E. A. Fellah, C. Depollier au Laboratorium voor Akoestiek en Thermische Fysica à Leuven et au Laboratoire d'acoustique de l'Université du Maine et une nouvelle méthode basée sur la réflexion des ondes ultrasonores a été développée dans le but d'augmenter le domaine d'applicabilité des méthodes ultrasonores.
Une approche temporelle des signaux ultrasonores transitoires transmis et réfléchis dans les couches poreuses a été proposée par ces auteurs et de nouvelles méthodes sont en cours d'étude pour la caractérisation de matériaux inhomogènes. Un certain nombre de ces méthodes sont basées sur des résultats établis en électromagnétisme. La partie B de ce mémoire étudie l'influence des paramètres physiques des milieux poreux sur les vibrations de plaques poreuses et les interactions fluide/squelette. Un modèle analytique de la vibration en flexion de plaques poreuses basé sur l'application de la théorie classique des plaques minces et la poroélasticité de Biot a été proposée. Ce problème n'a que très peu été étudié analytiquement. La raison principale en est sans doute la grande puissance et la flexibilité du traitement numérique de ce type de problème. Quel peut être l'intérêt de ce genre d'étude analytique, confinée à des géométries simples éloignées des situations réelles lorsque des problèmes plus complexes peuvent être résolus numériquement? Le but principal de cette étude a été de mieux comprendre l'influence des paramètres physiques définis dans la partie A sur les caractéristiques de la vibration. Ici, un intérêt particulier est porté sur la physique des interactions entre la phase solide et la phase fluide au cours de la vibration. La thèse de doctorat de M. J. Swift soutenue à l'Université de Bradford en 2000 à été consacrée à la fabrication et à l'étude des propriétés physiques et acoustiques de matériaux recyclés. Durant ces recherches, un procédé de fabrication de plaques poreuses minces, absorbantes et relativement rigides a été développé. Les matériaux produits ont été caractérisés et étudiés expérimentalement en vibration. Le procédé a fait l'objet d'un brevet et a permis la création d'une entreprise satellite (spin off) à l'université de Bradford. Les avancées qui ont résulté de ces recherches furent :
- la proposition d'un modèle analytique de la vibration en flexion d'une plaque poreuse mince relativement rigide saturée par un fluide. Le modèle est valable pour des matériaux relativement rigides lorsque les longueurs d'onde acoustiques sont plus grandes que l'épaisseur de la plaque, ce qui est souvent le cas.
- la proposition d'une formule analytique approchée donnant les fréquences de résonances de la plaque en fonction des paramètres physiques du matériau et des conditions de bord.
- l'étude détaillée de l'influence de la porosité, de la tortuosité et de la perméabilité sur les fréquences de résonance et sur l'amortissement. On trouve que les fréquences de résonance augmentent avec la porosité et la perméabilité, et diminuent lorsque la tortuosité augmente alors que l'amortissement augmente avec la porosité, diminue lorsque la tortuosité augmente et atteint un maximum en fonction de la perméabilité à une fréquence caractéristique du milieu poreux
- la découverte d'une fréquence d'amortissement maximal de la plaque vibrante liée aux propriétés du matériau (porosité, tortuosité et perméabilité). Cette fréquence est donnée par la fréquence caractéristique de Biot divisée par la tortuosité.
Le modèle rend compte de la réponse élastique instantanée de la plaque et du mouvement relatif entre le solide et le fluide. Il inclut l'amortissement structural (lié aux parties imaginaires du module d'Young et du coefficient de Poisson) et aussi les pertes par friction visqueuse, entre le solide et le fluide. Des renseignements qualitatifs ont été obtenus lors de l'étude de l'influence de la tortuosité et de la perméabilité. Ainsi, les résonances de plaques poreuses sont fortement liées à l'existence de forces d'inertie et de forces de friction. Ces forces sont associées aux échanges de quantité de mouvement et aux mouvements relatifs entre le solide et le fluide. Il apparaît que des variations des forces d'inertie sont accompagnées par des variations inverses des forces de friction. Nous pensons que ces renseignements sont importants et qu'une bonne compréhension des phénomènes physiques accompagnant les vibrations peut certainement contribuer à une bonne formulation numérique des vibrations de structures complexes incluant des matériaux poreux. La dernière partie de ce mémoire traite de la propagation d'ondes guidées dans des couches poreuses et dans des matériaux mous pour la caractérisation de leurs propriétés élastiques et viscoélastiques.
Cette étude apporte une contribution à la détermination des propriétés mécaniques du squelette solide et complète l'étude des paramètres physiques des milieux poreux. L'un des avantages de la propagation guidée pour l'étude de matériaux fortement atténuants est qu'elle permet de concentrer l'énergie dans l'épaisseur d'une couche. Quant aux ondes stationnaires, elles permettent non seulement de concentrer l'énergie à une fréquence donnée mais aussi de travailler avec des plaques dont les dimensions sont finies (par rapport aux longueurs d'onde). Ces travaux, aussi bien expérimentaux que théoriques, font suite à des travaux d'Allard sur la propagation d'ondes de Rayleigh dans des matériaux poreux pour la détermination du module de cisaillement à haute fréquence. L'idée est de faire la jonction entre les méthodes vibratoires classiques de mesure à basse fréquence des modules élastiques et la méthode basée sur l'onde de Rayleigh dans le but de caractériser des matériaux mous dans un large domaine de fréquences. Une partie importante de la thèse de doctorat de L. Boeckx soutenue en février 2005 est consacrée à ce sujet. La principale difficulté rencontrée fut la génération et la détection d'ondes guidées dans ce type de matériau très atténuant et dans le même temps très dispersif à certaines fréquences. Des résultats dignes d'intérêt dans cette étude sont certainement :
- la proposition d'une méthode d'excitation et de détection d'ondes guidées dans des matériaux très atténuants basée sur l'établissement d'ondes stationnaires dans le matériau, l'idée étant d'exciter le matériau mou avec une sinusoïde continue dans le but de maximiser l'énergie appliquée à une fréquence donnée.
- l'observation pour la première fois de plusieurs modes guidés dans de la matière très molle tels que les modes A0, S0 et A1 dans une couche de mousse polyuréthane hautement poreuse montée dans les conditions de Lamb. la détermination des courbes de dispersion expérimentales à partir du tracé du profil d'ondes stationnaires et de la transformée de Fourier spatiale de ce profil fournissant les périodicités spatiales des différents modes susceptibles de se propager à une fréquence donnée.
- la caractérisation des propriétés élastiques et viscoélastiques de mousses polyuréthane dans un domaine de fréquences compris entre 50 Hz et 4 kHz, typiquement.
- la description théorique faisant intervenir la théorie des modes guidés et les équations de la poroélasticité dans des couches de matériau placées dans différentes configurations.
- la prédiction de l'existence de deux familles de modes guidés dans les couches poreuses et la confirmation de l'existence de modes symétriques et antisymétriques lorsqu'une couche poreuse est placée dans les conditions de Lamb où les fluides environnant les deux faces de la couche sont les mêmes.
Suite à ces travaux et en application de cette technique de détection d'ondes guidées, des recherches sur les propriétés mécaniques de matériaux mous tel que des gels, du caoutchouc ou des films de liquide très visqueux appliqués sur un substrat rigide ont débuté au Laboratorium voor Akoestiek en Thermische Fysica. Une collaboration avec l'ECIME de l'université de Cergy Pontoise vise à caractériser la transition liquide-solide de milieux gélifs tels que du yaourt. Des gels synthétiques ou biologiques affichent des propriétés acoustiques étonnantes qui demandent à être étudiées plus précisément. Une autre étude est en actuellement en cours en collaboration avec l'Université du Maine sur la propagation d'ondes de surface et d'ondes guidées dans des milieux granulaires et des sables. D'autres perspectives de recherche font intervenir le banc ultrasonore développé à Leuven et au Mans. Il existe par exemple un intérêt particulier pour le vieillissement de la mie de pain, un milieu poreux bien connu et apprécié.
Noulis, Apostolos. „Étude physico-chimique des mousses : formulation, rhéologie et écoulement en milieu poreux“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10349.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNoulis, Apostolos. „Etude physico-chimique des mousses formulation, rhéologie et écoulement en milieu poreux“. Grenoble : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37593790h.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleClerget, Mattéo. „Formation et destruction de mousse en écoulement dans un milieu confiné“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS493.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFoam injection into porous media is a highly promising technique for a wide range of applications, including carbon dioxide storage, soil remediation, and enhanced oil recovery. The flow of this foam in a confined environment brings into play different processes of formation or destruction of the bubbles of which it is composed. Understanding the physical mechanisms of these processes is essential to improve this technique, in particular by optimizing the formulation of the liquid phase.Our approach is to decouple these different phenomena, using two-dimensional flow model devices, at the micro- or milli-fluidic scale. Their transparency allows us to visualize the structure of the flowing foam and to relate it to its macroscopic properties. Various surfactants and additives are systematically tested to investigate the ability of our devices to screen them, and the results obtained are systematically compared with those obtained in porous media.Our first experiment, which studies the formation of bubbles during the passage of a gas/liquid co-flow in a microfluidic pore, highlights a formation hysteresis phenomenon explained by a hydrodynamic feedback process initiated by the downstream flow. Using numerical simulations, we also demonstrate the existence of a limit to the quality of foam that can be formed, linked solely to the pore geometry. Different surfactants are investigated, and these results are compared with measurements both in volume and in three-dimensional porous media.Our second experiment studies the influence of an additive on this formation, in particular through the Marangoni effects it generates. A simple theoretical model is developed to account for these effects.Finally, we describe a millifluidic setup for observing and studying foam destruction by bubble coalescence. We show that the results vary drastically depending on the surfactants and additives used
Forey, Natacha. „Mousses renforcées en polymère ou particules : application à la remédiation des sols pollués“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0311.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGiven the possible environmental and health issues occurring when facing a hydrocarbon polluted site, soil remediation is necessary. One of the in-situ technique to remediate a Light Non Aqueous Phase Liquid pollution is the use of foam. Because of its blocking effect, foam is able to create a water blocking barrier, to confine water beneath the floating pollutant. However, the main issue with this technique is the stability of foam facing the oily pollutant. Several options are currently under review to reinforce foam against oil, which includes polymer or particles addition.The present study thus describes the work performed to obtain an oil-resistant foam in porous media, with the use of polymer or solid colloidal particles.In the first part of the study, foamability and stability tests were performed in bulk to select a broad range of products used to formulate such foams. Then, sandpacks experiments were realized in 1D columns in order to optimize the foam injection parameters and finalize the choice of surfactant and additives. Column experiments showed how additives impacted foam strength. Polymer addition led to an increased flow resistance without improving foam strength while particles addition proved to reinforce foam resistance against oil. Those results were then applied to carry out 2D-tank experiments to study foam displacement in a vertical two dimensions’ porous medium. The 2D tank also helped to simulate a foam injection below an oily layer and observe foam behaviour. Finally, the methodology and constrains to take into account to perform a pumping test in a 3D-pilot, were presented in the outlook section
Ezbakhe, Hassan. „Caractéristiques thermiques et mécaniques de matériaux poreux utilisés comme isolants simples ou porteurs“. Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYeates, Christopher. „Multi-Scale Study of Foam Flow Dynamics in Porous Media“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, we use of a high-complexity micromodel of fixed structure on which we perform a series of experiments with varying injection rates, foam qualities, inlet bubble size distributions and injection methods. We perform individual bubble tracking and associate flow properties with bubble size properties and structural characteristics of the medium. We propose new tools describing the local and global flow in different ways. We establish specific behaviors for different bubble sizes, demonstrating that trapped foams are more likely to have smaller than average bubble sizes, while flowing bubbles also tend to segregate in different flow paths according to bubble size. Larger bubbles tend to flow in high-velocity preferential paths that are generally more aligned with pressure gradient, but smaller bubbles tend to access in supplement transversal paths linking the different preferential paths. Furthermore, for our data we establish the pre-eminence of the trapped foam fraction over bubble density within the microscopic explanation of apparent viscosity, although both contribute to some degree. We structurally characterize consistently trapped zones as areas with either low pore coordination, low entrance throat size, unfavorable throat orientation or a combination thereof. High-flow zones however cannot be characterized in terms of local structural parameters and necessitate integration of complete path information from the entire model. In this regard, in order to capture the high-flow zones, we develop a path-proposing model that makes use of a graph representation of the model, from an initial decomposition into pores and throats, that uses only local throat size and throat orientation relative to pressure gradient to characterize paths
Liu, Yu. „Elaboration et étude des propriétés mécaniques des mousses d'aluminium et des métaux poreux polymères composites“. Troyes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TROY0007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objectives of this work consist to manufacture new metal porous polymeric composites (MPPC) with interpenetrated structure and to characterize their mechanical behaviors under statical and dynamic loading. Firstly, we developed a technique of infiltration under a negative pressure to manufacture the open cell aluminium foams and MPPC. The optic observations were carried out in multi-scale. The characterizations of materials were carried out under uniaxial compression. The influences of the structural parameters on the compressive behaviors were clarified by SEM observations during compression. The elastic module was compared with the analytical models. These results obtained are completely restructed between the boundaries proposed in the literature. Secondly, the behaviors of indentation were studied. The relations between the response of indentation and the size and the geometry of plunger tip were illustrated. The size and the shape of the densification zone were observed and modelled by analytical models and the finite element simulation. Finally, the behaviour of impact was studied. The influences of experimental conditions and structural parameters on the behaviors of impact were illuminated
Yeates, Christopher. „Multi-Scale Study of Foam Flow Dynamics in Porous Media“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS023/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, we use of a high-complexity micromodel of fixed structure on which we perform a series of experiments with varying injection rates, foam qualities, inlet bubble size distributions and injection methods. We perform individual bubble tracking and associate flow properties with bubble size properties and structural characteristics of the medium. We propose new tools describing the local and global flow in different ways. We establish specific behaviors for different bubble sizes, demonstrating that trapped foams are more likely to have smaller than average bubble sizes, while flowing bubbles also tend to segregate in different flow paths according to bubble size. Larger bubbles tend to flow in high-velocity preferential paths that are generally more aligned with pressure gradient, but smaller bubbles tend to access in supplement transversal paths linking the different preferential paths. Furthermore, for our data we establish the pre-eminence of the trapped foam fraction over bubble density within the microscopic explanation of apparent viscosity, although both contribute to some degree. We structurally characterize consistently trapped zones as areas with either low pore coordination, low entrance throat size, unfavorable throat orientation or a combination thereof. High-flow zones however cannot be characterized in terms of local structural parameters and necessitate integration of complete path information from the entire model. In this regard, in order to capture the high-flow zones, we develop a path-proposing model that makes use of a graph representation of the model, from an initial decomposition into pores and throats, that uses only local throat size and throat orientation relative to pressure gradient to characterize paths
Haffner, Benjamin. „Stabilité des suspensions fortement aérées“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1095/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe study the drainage of granular suspensions foams. Our control parameters are the gas fraction, the bubble size, the particles size and the interstitial particle fraction. First, we measure the proportion of liquid and particles retained in the foam network as function of the above mentioned parameters. These measurements are performed when the drainage is over, they are essential for the description of drainage velocity. We show that certain combinations of our study parameters lead to the jamming of the three-phase system : gas, liquid, solid. Secondly, we highlight different regimes of drainage velocity, we show that is controlled by two parameters : (i) lambda, the ratio of the particle size and constriction size, (ii) the fraction of particles in the interstitial network : phi. The key to understand these regimes is the trapping of particles in the foam : (i) the jamming, which may occur for surprisingly low fractions due to the geometry of the pore network, (ii) the particles captured by the foam network when they become larger than the constrictions network. Finally, larger particles excluded from the network increase the drainage velocity, as a consequence the minimum for the velocity corresponds to the individual capture. The granular fraction of the suspension in the foam network is the other key parameter. Especially, the drainage can be stopped for sufficiently high fractions for certain values of lambda. This work offers promising outlook for the stability of three-phase materials
Henry, Michel. „Mesures des parametres caracterisant un milieu poreux. Etude experimentale du comportement acoustique des mousses aux basses frequences“. Le Mans, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LEMA1011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePortois, Clément. „Comportement de la mousse en milieu poreux pour confiner une source de pollution : potentialités, contraintes et démonstration en site réel“. Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe presence of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in groundwater is particularly problematic because it can contaminate them for decades. The treatment of these sites, whose pollution is often mixed and complex, requires the development of reliable techniques. Particularly in the context of a heterogeneous aquifer, conventional techniques suffer from the low potential for pollution sweeping by remedying agents. In situ foam generation is an innovative technique to control the mobility of these agents. The general approach of the thesis concerns the development of foam injection and its applicability. in the context of an industrial site in activity contaminated by chlorinated solvents. The originality of this work concerns the use of foam as a confining agent (hydraulically) of a source zone within the plant itself. The first objective of this thesis is to define the origin of pollution and the processes responsible for the transport of dissolved compounds in a multilayered and heterogeneous aquifer system. In this context, a 3-dimensional transport model has been developed and constrained based on geological data (3D structure), hydrogeological data (piezometry, groundwater velocity measurement), and chemical data (chlorinated solvent and major ions). The combination of these approaches had a real impact on the understanding of the hydrogeological dynamics of the underground system present at the study site, and allowed us to define the foam injection zone. In parallel with site characterization, experimental work in laboratory allows to define the mechanisms responsible for reducing the water-relative permeability by injecting foam. Through a multi-scale approach, we (i) define a formulation (surfactant concentrations and composition) and injection parameters (foam quality, injection rate, injection mode ) to generate a foam favorable to the reduction of water saturation (column 1D). This saturation decrease led to a reduction of the water relative permeability by a factor greater than 100. (ii) Estimate the behavior of the foam along an injection profile and its impact on the reduction saturation in water a few centimeters from an injection point (2D decimetric pilot). (iii) Verify the 3D applicability of the developed injection system and to follow the evolutions of the impact of the foam in an aquifer (test on a real piezometer). Finally, a continuous foam injection test during 96 hours at the source zone of the contaminated industrial site was carried out. Conducting a pumping test (post injection) in the center of the confined zone, coupled with contaminant fluxes measurements (pre and post injection) and implemented in a 2D model, highlighted the real impact of the injected foam over a radius greater than 2m with a reduction of the flow of pollutant downstream by a factor 4.5. The various laboratory and modeling work highlight the advances and limitations of the developed technique and make it possible to propose ways of improvement
Glass, Joseph. „Modelling and optimisation of metal foam integrated heat exchangers for power electronics cooling“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021GRALI007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSeveral decades ago, power electronics (PE) emerged as an important discipline in the world of electrical engineering. Thanks to regular technological advancements, namely the use of "wide band gap" materials for semiconductors, PE devices have become more compact and efficient, but this has unfortunately resulted in a reduced thermal management. Thus, as a collaborated effort between G2Elab, LEGI and SIMAP, this work has studied the use of metal foam as a novel heat exchanger used in a forced-convection cooling system that can be integrated into PE modules for superior cooling. Metal foams are lightweight, have low densities, high specific surface areas, an open-celled structure and good thermal properties. They are typically categorised by their porosity (ε), their pore density (PPI, pores per inch) and by the diameter of the solid fibres (df). The advantages to heat transfer arise from the possibility of an increased specific surface area over other heat exchangers, such as microchannels, and from the tortuous microstructure that generates flow turbulence and improves convective transfers within the coolant. Thermal performances were modelled by developing an analytical model that considered the heat exchangers as a network of resistances in series. This was achieved by simplifying the LTNE equations that govern energy transfer through the solid a fluid phases. The model was initially compared with numerical simulations and experimental results from the scientific literature, where it performed well. As an additional level of validation, an experimental test bench was designed and assembled in-house. Thermal performances was ascertained by using thermocouples to measure the temperature profile of the solid and fluid phases, and hydraulic properties were found by measuring the pressure drop across the heat exchangers. Analytical and experimental results agreed well with each other, deviating on average by less than 10%. The model was then used to optimise the foams physical properties in order to produce a heat exchanger that maximises thermal performances whilst minimising the required hydraulic power. The results show that for a pressure drop of 50kPa, the thermal resistance of a metal foam heat exchanger is 0.127 K/W. Metal foams are thus a viable heat exchanger material and the model proposed in this work can be used as a quick and inexpensive means of performance optimisation
Mensire, Rémy. „Hydrodynamics of oil in contact with an aqueous foam : wetting, imbibition dynamics and flow in rough confined media“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1137/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe extraction of raw materials from the soil for energetical (enhanced oil recovery) and environmental purposes (soil remediation) is the subject of intense fundamental and applied research. This field is related to other important topics, such as carbon sequestration and hydraulic fracturing. The goal is to find fewer destructive, as well as energy and material-saving methods. These techniques should also be cost-effective and more efficient. To find a substitution to conventional means, we study an alternative method that puts aqueous foams on the map as the extraction material. Aqueous foams are often used in numerous daily applications, such as cosmetics and detergency, but also in less known fields, such as the decommissioning of nuclear power plants and the oil industry. Thus, surfactants and gas are commonly injected into the soil to improve the recovery processes of oil. We explain two extraction mechanisms that we quantify in terms of efficiency and stability. On one hand, the foam is able to absorb oil, similarly to a solid sponge. On the other hand, when a flow of foam is induced, the foam can entrain oil confined in the roughness of a surface by shearing the oil-water interface. Our work especially lies on a theoretical and experimental analysis, which is multiscale, static and dynamic. We systematically vary the geometrical parameters (oil configuration, bubble size and liquid fraction in the foam) and the physical and chemical parameters (interfacial tensions, interfacial rigidity and viscosity)
Guiraud, Pierre Henri. „Analyse théorique et expérimentale de l'efficacité de mousse de carbone pour génération acoustique dans des milieux visqueux“. Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECLI0011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleElectroacoustic transducers along with piezoelectric devices are the most widely used methods for acoustic sound generation in gas and liquids. A mechanical movement of a membrane induces fluid vibration thus creating an acoustic wave. The thermoacoustic process on the other hand uses fast paces temperature variations in a sample to excite the fluid (generally air). The rapidly changing temperature generate a compression expansion of the air and thus creates an acoustical wave. Such materials are called thermophones.In this thesis a thorough literature review is presented and a novel multilayer model for thermoacoustic sound generation is derived. This model was solved for plane wave, cylindrical wave and spherical wave generation. Another model based on a two temperatures hypothesis for plane wave generation is also solved to represent more accurately the generation of thick porous thermophones. An extensive analysis of those models allowed for a detailed understanding of the thermoacoustic sound generation: its strengths, weaknesses and differences with traditional speakers. Lastly, experimental investigations of porous carbon foams in partnership with CINTRA Singapore are presented. Validation of the models and insights about the handling of such flexible and lightweighted but fragile samples are presented as well at their potential applications for scientific or commercial purposes
Baillis, Dominique. „Modelisation des transferts thermiques dans des materiaux semi-transparents de type mousse a pores ouverts et prediction des proprietes radiatives“. Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCoupled heat transfer by radiation and conduction in open cells insulation is modelized from the material morphology and the two phases : solid and gas, properties. A simple cubic model is used to predict the conductivity in these materials. The spectral volumetric absorption and scattering coefficients and the spectral phase function were predicted from the dimensional and hemispherical reflectivity of particles which constitute solid structure by applying to thee particles a combination of geometric optics law and of diffraction theory, these properties are then utilized in a coupled conduction-radiation model. The discrete ordinate method or the Rosseland model used with a weighted extinction coefficient were successively adopted to solve the radiative heat transfer equations. The carbon reflectivity contained in these materials is determined by an identification method (Gauss method of linearization) applied to bidirectional spectral transmittance data obtained from an experimental device using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Moreover experiences on a device of graded hot plate-type have permitted to compare results of experimental and theoretical total conductivity thus contributing to the validation of the realized modeling
Perrot, Camille Olny Xavier Guyader Jean-Louis Panneton Raymond. „Microstructure et macro-comportement acoustique approche par reconstruction d'une cellule élémentaire représentative /“. Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2007. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=perrot.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Contient de références bibliographiques.
Bonnet, Jean-Philippe. „Phénomènes de transport dans les mousses métalliques : approche expérimentale des écoulements monophasiques et liquide-gaz“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX11043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLacoste, Clément. „Mousses rigides de tannins de type procyanidine : formulation et caractérisation“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0259/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRigid foams contitute a very important class of materials considering their wide application range and their considerable economic impact. The development of tannin-based foams provided materials made from 90% natural products.In this work, a type of tannins highly reactive, namely « procyanidin », was used. First, tannins composition and reactivity were studied. Then, the foaming process investigation of tannin-based resins leads to a wide pannel of tannin-furanic rigid foams. Their excellent fire resistance, mechanical resistance and high thermal performance make them high quality insulation materials. These foams are also suitable for other applications such acoustic absorption. Thus, new cellular solids from tannin and protein were also developped, offering a new type of materials derived from natural products
Serres, Marion. „Étude hydrodynamique d'un écoulement gaz-liquide dans un milieu poreux confiné“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN018/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on gas-liquid flow in porous media, a common problem encountered in various domains from fundamental physics to applied chemical engineering. We have characterized the hydrodynamic regimes based on two different experimental devices geometry: a millichannel (1D flow) and a Hele-Shaw cell (2D flow). The originality of this work is to analyze the influence of the porous medium (monodisperse micro-packed beds or open cell solid foams), confinement (1D/2D) and gravity by coupling global and local analysis from either chemical engineering or fundamental physics community. On the one hand, a global analysis made it possible to quantify pressure drops, residence time distributions (RTD) based on fluorescent dye transport and gas-liquid mass transfer on the 1D device. On the other hand, a local analysis of the liquid fraction and the spatio-temporal evolution of its frequency pointed out the existence of two hydrodynamic regimes: a Taylor-like regime in which the characteristics of the periodic flow upstream are conserved in the porous medium and a modulated regime characterized by the flow disorganization at the porous medium entrance. A phenomenological model is developed based on bubbles propagation inside the medium and reproduces well both regimes. These two analyses are finally coupled to study multiphase flows inside the Hele-Shaw cell. The effects of gravity and confinement are discussed
Sacristán, López-Mingo Carlos Javier. „Etude des propriétés acoustiques et comportement à l'impact de matériaux poreux de type mousses métalliques homogènes et inhomogènes“. Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS035/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is concerned with the theoretical and experimental study of the acoustical properties of macroscopically homogenous and inhomogeneous porous media as well as their mechanical response to impacts. The model of Johnson - Champoux - Allard appeared adapted for the acoustical modeling. This model, associated with a recently developed approach involving the concept of parallel transfer matrices has lead to a new approach of macroscopically inhomogeneous porous materials based on “mixtures of materials”. Furthermore, a parametric study of the absorption coefficient as a function of porosity and frequency has been proposed. The maximums of absorption as well as the envelop of the absorption curves have been studied as functions of porosity. First, a theoretical material with independent parameters has been studied. Real materials with nonindependent parameters were then investigated with the help of a model relating their properties to the porosity. Finally, a comparison between the acoustical and mechanical properties has been initiated in view of determining an objective criterion that will allow to propose a trade off between the two fields
Omirbekov, Sagyn. „Remédiation des sols pollués par injection des mousses tensioactifs : expériences et changement d’échelle“. Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFoam injection in porous media has been investigated for a variety of applications in the oil industry and recently for soil remediation processes to remove contaminants. However, foam injection for soil remediation is still not widespread because of the complex nature of foam and aquifers. In order to investigate application in soil remediation processes, we experimentally studied the behavior of foam on a laboratory scale. The final goal of the research was to study foam flow for diverting the flow of groundwater from contaminated soil areas considering the features of foam flow in highly permeable porous media. Thus, the rheology of pre-generated foam was studied in highly permeable porous media, in capillary tubes, as well as using a rheometer. Moreover, a numerical study was conducted to examine foam flow in a bigger scale based on bulk foam rheology results. As a result, foam flow was showed to feature non-Newtonian behavior. We found that the foam flow behavior in high permeable porous media and in capillary tubes are consistent with the rheology behavior of bulk foam if bubbles are much smaller than the pore size of porous media. Hence, these findings can guide the study of pre-generated foam in very highly permeable porous media
Hoang, Minh Tan. „Modélisation et simulation multi-échelle et multi-physique du comportement acoustique de milieux poroélastiques : application aux mousses de faible densité“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1136/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work aims at determining the acoustical properties of poro-elastic media through a multi-scale method. Some imaging techniques (tomography and micrographs) allow to estimate some quantitative microstructure properties of foams containing open or partially closed cells. These properties are used in order to clarify the features of a representative three-dimensional unit cell of a periodic structure, which mimics the behaviour of the real foam. All parameters controlling the acoustical properties of the porous foam are obtained by using the homogenization of periodic structures. In a first step, the structure of the foam is assumed to be rigid. It was shown that, in the case of a narrow distribution of the characteristic size of the local geometry, a direct computation of the macroscopic behaviour from the local geometrical properties is consistent with the measured acoustical properties. For a wide distribution of pore size, the acoustical behaviour is controlled by critical sizes that are obtained from porosity and static permeability for an open-cell foam, while for partially closed cells, the identification of a complementary characteristic dimension within the pores becomes necessary (e.g. closure rate of membranes). Our results compare well with data obtained from an impedance tube set-up. In a second step, effective elastic properties are computed through a modelling of the foam structure by finite elements. The computed elastic parameters are finally compared with data coming from the literature and with results of mechanical tests
Barrand, Charles. „Elaboration de mousses solides par émulsions hautement concentrées. Etude de la relation liant le comportement mécanique avec la structure mésoscopique et la nature physico-chimique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2017PA066388.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFoams are everywhere in the society thanks to their remarkable properties resulting from the coupling of their structure and their physico-chemical nature which are very adaptable. The main goal of this thesis is the study of the relationship between mechanical properties of elastomeric foams and their mesoscopic structure (open or closed-porosity and cells diameter) and their physico chemical nature of elastomeric matrix. In this context, it was necessary to synthesize model porous materials with well-controlled densities and structure. HIPE (High Internal Phase Emulsion) template technique was used thanks to its ability modifying matrix chemical composition and structure. Control of emulsion’s parameters (internal phase ratio, monomers and crosslinker nature, surfactant and crosslinker content) enables tuning foam morphology. Moreover it enables to vary one parameter without changing others. Thanks to this method we were able to synthesize elastomeric foams with well-controlled structure and physico-chemical nature matrix. In the real special case of very low crosslinker content, foam collapsing effect has been detected. Foams are mechanically characterized in compression test depending on tree parameters: glass transition temperature of the polymer matrix, crosslinked ratio and cells diameter of the foam. Elastic modulus and dissipated energy are studied to inverstigate more deeply the relationship with physico-chemical nature and mesoscopic structure. Time behavior response of foams leads us to study recovery ratio of foams and we try to determine a theoretical model
Gasser, Stéphane. „Etude des propriétés acoustiques et mécaniques d'un matériau métallique poreux modèle à base de sphères creuses de nickel“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004438.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePinto, Sanz Javier. „Fabrication and characterization of nanocellular polymeric materials from nanostructured polymers“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0380/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation focuses on the production and study of nanocellular foams from PMMA based(poly(methyl methacrylate) materials by CO2 gas dissolution foaming.Due to the novelty of this research field several experimental techniques have been improved or adapted in order to provide valuable information from the systems understudy. Nanostructuration of PMMA-based blends induced by the addition of a block copolymer (MAM, poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(butyl acrylate)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate)) and the cellular structure of the foams produced from these blends have been characterized and related; obtaining that the nanostructuration acts as a pattern for the cellular structure, allowing obtaining a wide range of cellular structures and in particular nanocellular foams. It is demonstrated that processing parameters, such as pressure and temperature, allow differentiating between two foaming routes ; and present a significant influence on the foaming process and final characteristics of neat PMMA foams, but not on PMMA/MAM blends. PMMA/MAM blends present a heterogeneous nucleation mechanism controlled by the nanostructuration that avoid the influence of the processing parameters in the cell nucleation. In addition, some PMMA/MAM blends also present a high stability during the cell growth, avoiding the cellular collapse and coalescence. Finally, it has been studied the influence on the foams properties of the transition between the microcellular and the nanocellular ranges; obtaining that there is a clear influence on the thermal conductivity, which decreases in nanocellular foams due to the Knudsen effect,and the glass transition temperature, which increases in nanocellular foams due to the confinement of the polymer chains in the cell walls, but not on the Young’s modulus
Esta tesis se centra en la producción y estudio de de espumas poliméricas nanocelulares producidas a partir de materiales basados en PMMA (poli(metil metacrilato)), mediante la técnica de espumado por disolución de gas usando CO2. Debido a la novedad de este campo de investigación ha sido necesario mejorar o adaptar varias técnicas experimentales para obtener la información necesaria de los sistemas bajo estudio. Se han caracterizado y relacionado la nanoestructuración de mezclas basadas en PMMA, inducida por la adición de un copolímero de bloque (MAM, poli(metil metacrilato)-copoli(butil acrilato)-co-poli(metil metacrilato)), y la estructura celular de las espumas producidas a partir de esas mezclas; obteniéndose que la nanoestructuración actúa como patrón para la estructura celular, permitiendo obtener una amplia variedad de estructuras celulares y en particular de estructuras nanocelulares.Se ha demostrado que los parámetros de procesado, como la presión y temperatura,permiten diferenciar entre dos rutas de espumado y presentan una influencia significativa en las características finales de las espumas de PMMA puro, pero no en las mezclas de PMMA/MAM. Estas mezclas presentan un mecanismo de nucleación heterogénea controlado por la nanoestructuración, que evita que los parámetros de procesado influyanen el proceso de nucleación de las celdas. Además, algunas mezclas de PMMA/MAM también presentan una alta estabilidad durante el crecimiento de las celdas, evitando el colapso de la estructura celular y la coalescencia.Finalmente, se ha estudiado la influencia en las propiedades de las espumas de la transición entre el rango microcelular y el rango nanocelular; obteniéndose que hay una clara influencia sobre la conductividad térmica, que decrece en las espumas nanocelulares debido al efecto Knudsen, y sobre la temperatura de transición vítrea, que se incrementa debido al confinamiento de las cadenas poliméricas en las paredes de las celdas, pero no sobre el módulo de Young
Sebaa, Naima. „Propagation des ondes acoustiques dans les milieux poreux saturés : application du modèle de Biot à détermination des paramètres de mousses plastiques et de l'os trabéculaire“. Le Mans, 2006. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2006/2006LEMA1030.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe study of the mechanical wave propagation in the saturated porous media developed with the research of the natural resources like water or oil. In parallel and recently the progress of data processing and electronics, the medical imagery by ultrasound made great progress and to start to compete with processes more traditional as X-rays. Two models were binding to the researchers: the Biot model and the equivalent fluid model. The Biot model takes into account three effects of couplings between fluid and structure, and we can show that the Biot theory is the most general model to describe the linear acoustic wave propagation in the saturated porous environments. The introduction of the inhomogeneities into Biot model is relatively recent. The causes of this delay are multiple: on the one hand the inhomogeneities come to complicate a model which utilizes already a significant number of parameters (density, elasticity modulus, geometry of the pore. . . ) and other share, the experimental studies on real samples are difficult to realize. However, if we wishes to study porous media as the trabecular bone using ultrasound, it is essential to take account of the inhomogeneities in this type of mediums: thickness of the trabeculaes, size of the pores, variations of the density of the saturating fluids. . . Experimental results obtained show that the acoustic measurements make it possible to measure the principal parameters necessary to model the propagation in the porous
Montillet, Agnès. „Etude et modelisation de l'ecoulement a travers des milieux poreux reticules. Application a l'utilisation des mousses metalliques dans les reacteurs electrochimiques“. Nantes, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NANT2010.
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