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1
Hacker, Barton C. „Mounted Archery and Firearms“. Vulcan 3, Nr. 1 (29.05.2015): 42–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134603-00301003.
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David Ayalon’s classic and highly influential 1956 study of Gunpowder and Firearms in the Mamluk Kingdom left some surprising questions unexamined. He attributed Ottoman victory primarily to Ottoman firearms, while Mamluks stubbornly clung to the arms of the mounted archer. But despite the technological underpinnings of his thesis, Ayalon discussed the technology of neither the traditional warfare of mounted archery nor the newfangled warfare of gunpowder weapons. Was Mamluk mounted archery actually inferior to Ottoman firearms? This essay addresses the technical basis both for the mounted archery central to Mamluk military prowess and the characteristics of late-fifteenth and early-sixteenth century firearms adopted by the Ottomans, both in the context of the social technology of Muslim military slavery. By opening the black box of Mamluk and Ottoman military technology, this essay seeks to show more precisely in what ways military technology did and did not shape the outcome of the struggle.
2
Alofs, Eduard. „Studies on Mounted Warfare in Asia II: The Iranian Tradition – The Armoured Horse Archer in the Middle East, c. ce 550–1350“. War in History 22, Nr. 1 (16.12.2014): 4–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344513518333.
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Alofs, Eduard. „Studies on Mounted Warfare in Asia I: Continuity and Change in Middle Eastern Warfare, c. ce 550–1350 – What Happened to the Horse Archer?“ War in History 21, Nr. 4 (November 2014): 423–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344513517664.
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4
Kruse, Marion. „Archery in the Preface to Procopius' Wars“. Studies in Late Antiquity 1, Nr. 4 (2017): 381–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sla.2017.1.4.381.
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Historians have long taken Procopius' description of heavily armored mounted archers in the opening of his Wars to be a more-or-less accurate depiction of contemporary military practice. This paper argues that Procopius employs archery as a metaphor for authorship by drawing on the techniques of figured writing (which include metaphor) as developed by the late antique rhetorical tradition in which he was trained. The comparison between Homeric and contemporary warriors at the opening of the Wars is therefore a figured way for Procopius to engage in a self-referential discussion concerning authorship and, in particular, to develop his agonistic relationship with his primary classical models, Herodotus and Thucydides. This conclusion requires a reevaluation of the military history of the sixth century.
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Lang, Wen Chang. „Design of a Dynamic Magnetic Field Steered Cathodic Arc Source in Arc Ion Plating“. Advanced Materials Research 340 (September 2011): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.340.167.
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In this work, a dynamic arched magnetic field steered arc source was deigned by virtue of Finite Element Method (FEM) calculation. The magnetic field was produced by two main electromagnetic coils so that the magnetic field can be adjusted with the help of the two currentI1and I2,whereI1is the current to the internal coil mounted coaxially in a magnetic yoke generating a static arched magnetic field to confine the cathode spots and I2is the current to the external coil mounted coaxially outside the above yoke adjusting the position of the vertex of arch. Base on the results of simulation, it was found this design enable the sweeping of the arc spots on the target surface by means of adjusting the ratio of current (I1/I2) , and cause the arc distribute evenly on the cathode surface in the diffuse arc mode transferred from the constricted arc mode. The effects of the target thickness and current ratio on the configuration and intensity of dynamic arched magnetic field were investigated. The optimized operating modes was proposed and discussed.
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SYVÄNNE, Ilkka. „The Reign of Bahrām V Gōr: The Revitalization of the Empire through Mounted Archery“. Historia i Świat 4 (16.09.2015): 71–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/his.2015.04.05.
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The article reconstructs the military history of Persia under a Bahrām V Gōr, and points out the historical significance of his reign and campaigns as well as the importance of his military reforms – in particular the importance of the adoption of the new style of archery and cavalry tactics.
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Li, Chun Zhi, Yong Wen und Bin Liu. „FBG Sensor Technique for Dynamic Relative Displacements Measurement“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.233.
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The technique of optical fiber grating with high tensile strength, small size, and light weight has been widely used for temperature and strain measurement. In this paper, a new flexible fiber Bragg grating sensing beam including its design, calibration, and application is presented for effectively measuring dynamic relative displacement inside the assembled joints in a shaking table test. The two FBG sensors are encapsulated in one flexible arched-beam slice, while FBG sensors are separately located in up-down position of one flexible slice. The arched-beam-based FBG sensor has been fabricated by employing a series of FBG sensors along with design of temperature compensation. Based on this design, the positive and negative strain will make the spectra broaden as the displacement increases, thus by converting strains to relative displacements is derived by calibration data. The relative displacement measured by FBG sensor under dynamic environment are available, subsequently, it can be concluded that the flexible arched-beam-based FBG is capable of measuring dynamic relative displacements with good accuracy mounted in the narrow space of a complex structure.
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Siéssere, Selma, Mathias Vitti, Luiz Gustavo de Sousa, Marisa Semprini und Simone Cecílio Hallak Regalo. „Educational material of dental anatomy applied to study the morphology of permanent teeth“. Brazilian Dental Journal 15, Nr. 3 (Dezember 2004): 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402004000300014.
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The purpose of this report is to present educational material that would allow the dental student to learn to easily identify the morphologic characteristics of permanent teeth, and how they fit together (occlusion). In order to do this, macro models of permanent teeth with no attrition were carved in wax and later molded with alginate. These molds were filled with plaster, dental stone and/or cold-cured acrylic resin. The large individual dental stone tooth models were mounted on a wax base, thus obtaining maxillary and mandibular arches which were occluded. These dental arches were molded with plaster or dental stone. The authors suggest that these types of macro models allow an excellent visualization of the morphologic characteristics of permanent teeth and occlusion. Dental students are able to carve the permanent dentition in wax with great facility when they can observe macro models.
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Li, Yue, Chengrui Zhang, William Timothy Treal Taylor, Liang Chen, Rowan K. Flad, Nicole Boivin, Huan Liu et al. „Early evidence for mounted horseback riding in northwest China“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, Nr. 47 (02.11.2020): 29569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004360117.
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Horseback riding was a transformative force in the ancient world, prompting radical shifts in human mobility, warfare, trade, and interaction. In China, domestic horses laid the foundation for trade, communication, and state infrastructure along the ancient Silk Road, while also stimulating key military, social, and political changes in Chinese society. Nonetheless, the emergence and adoption of mounted horseback riding in China is still poorly understood, particularly due to a lack of direct archaeological data. Here we present a detailed osteological study of eight horse skeletons dated to ca. 350 BCE from the sites of Shirenzigou and Xigou in Xinjiang, northwest China, prior to the formalization of Silk Road trade across this key region. Our analyses reveal characteristic osteological changes associated with equestrian practices on all specimens. Alongside other relevant archaeological evidence, these data provide direct evidence for mounted horseback riding, horse equipment, and mounted archery in northwest China by the late first millennium BCE. Most importantly, our results suggest that this region may have played a crucial role in the spread of equestrian technologies from the Eurasian interior to the settled civilizations of early China, where horses facilitated the rise of the first united Chinese empires and the emergence of transcontinental trade networks.
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Kleymenov, Alexander A., und Sergey S. Ivanov. „“WITH ME WILL BE THE SCYTHIANS...”: CENTRAL ASIAN MOUNTED ARCHERS IN ALEXANDER THE GREAT’S ARMY“. Journal of historical philological and cultural studies 1, Nr. 59 (30.03.2018): 123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18503/1992-0431-2018-1-59-123-145.
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Berthon, William. „Bioarchaeological Analysis of the Mounted Archers from the Hungarian Conquest Period (10th Century): Horse Riding and Activity-Related Skeletal Changes“. Anthropologiai Közlemények 61 (2020): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20330/anthropkozl.2019.61.77.
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Archaeological and historical sources attest that tribes of semi-nomadic populations conquered the Carpathian Basin with powerful armies of mounted archers at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries, which led to the foundation of the Kingdom of Hungary a hundred years later. Cemeteries from that period often provide cases of deposits of archery and horse riding equipment, as well as horse bones associated with the individuals in the graves. The close association between these items and the skeletons, together with the well-known historical context, allows postulating that the concerned individuals practiced horse riding during their life. The doctoral research had two main objectives. The first one was to contribute to the research on activity reconstructions in past populations with the identification of skeletal changes that could more reliably be associated with the practice of horse riding, in particular. The second objective was to bring an ethnoarchaeological contribution by possibly improving our understanding of the societies from the Hungarian Conquest period and their funerary practices. We selected a sample of 67 individuals from the 10th-century Hungarian cemetery of Sárrétudvari-Hízóföld, which was divided into two groups of individuals, according to the presence or absence of riding deposit in their graves. We also selected a modern (19–20th century) comparison group of 47 presumed non-rider individuals from the documented collection of Lisbon. We analysed different types of skeletal changes commonly used as indicators of activity and behaviour in past populations. Various direct measurements of the lower limb bones were also used to calculate indices of shape and robusticity. Statistical analyses mostly revealed significant differences between the Hungarian groups and the comparison group from Lisbon. They concerned some skeletal changes that can be linked to the riding practice and seem to be promising indicators for this activity. Comparisons between groups also revealed that the Hungarian individuals without riding deposit in their grave were likely riders as well. Both objectives of this research have thus been achieved. We took into consideration most of the pitfalls inherent to research on activity-related skeletal changes, leading to several limitations, such as relatively restricted sample sizes in the archaeological groups, which should be improved in the future. In addition, the multifactorial aetiology of the skeletal changes represented one of the main difficulties for their interpretation in terms of activity. In that regard, we performed an exploratory analysis of the microarchitecture of a muscle insertion site, of which promising results will need to be confirmed with further research with the aim of improving the reconstruction of activities in past populations.
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Shulga, Petr, und Daniil Shulga. „About the Chariot in the Zhongshan Kingdom and Other Semi-barbaric Early States“. Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, Nr. 3 (20.06.2023): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp233243253.
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According to a number of researchers, the peoples of the eastern part of the Steppe Eurasia from the 9th—8th centuries BC moved on to the nomadic way of life, resulting in a cultural change and militarization of society. It was believed that these nomads already at an early stage formed units of mounted archers attacking land farmers of Western Asia and China in the 9th and 7th cent. BC. However, no presence of the ‘northern nomads’ was identified in this territory in the 9th—8th cent. BC. The exception is the Scythian-like Yuhuangmiao culture, formed in the second half of the 7th cent. BC. based on the culture of the ‘upper layer of Xiajiadian’ and foreign nomads from the north. Sedentarism of the local ‘nomads’ was quite high, which largely explains the wide use of two-wheeled carts and military chariots by the cattle herders of Northern China at least from the 9th to 3rd—2nd cent. BC. Moreover, the first chariots with horses and early harness elements were introduced to the Shang Kingdom in the 13th and 12th cent. BC by some groups of people living north of Shang. The western rongs traditionally used combat chariots, and even created their own variants of single-axle wagons for the transport of goods. At the same time, the western rongs and the small Zhongshan Kingdom still used mounted archers who fought effectively against their enemies, as well as serving in neighboring kingdoms. Respectively, Sinification of such associations of ‘barbarians’ was not a one-way assimilation of the population. In some cases, the local elite may even rise to the level of the Chinese aristocracy in the course of mutually beneficial interaction.
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Liakos, Dimitrios. „Steatite icon with the Deposition at the monastery of Iveron on Mount Athos“. Zograf, Nr. 34 (2010): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zog1034065l.
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This paper deals with a steatite icon of the Deposition, which is enshrined in the sacristy of Iveron monastery. The icon consists of two parts, one rectangular of light grey-greenish colour, with a smooth surface, and one arched of a darker colouring, porous texture and a rougher surface. The rectangular, older part of the icon is a fragment of a twelfth century icon from which the lower left angle and fragments of the right and upper side are lost. The fracture of this twelfth century icon led to its restitution which took place in the fourteenth century (the arched part), as it appears by the stylistic data and the inscriptions. At the same time the icon was embedded in the wooden panel.
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Kazanski, Michel. „BARBARIAN MILITARY EQUIPMENT AND ITS EVOLUTION IN THE LATE ROMAN AND GREAT MIGRATION PERIODS (3RD–5TH C. A.D.)“. Late Antique Archaeology 8, Nr. 2 (25.01.2013): 493–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134522-90000016a.
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Military equipment and, as a consequence, types of combat underwent significant changes between the 3rd and 6th c. A.D. The Germanic peoples’ and their neighbours’ weapons became more appropriate to rapid and close tactical manoeuvres in dispersed ranks. The spread of Germanic weapons within Roman territory and in the Pontic region indicates that the same tactics were employed by the Roman army’s barbarian troops and federates. A similar evolution occurred within the armies of the steppe peoples, including those fighting for the empire. The Early Roman armoured cavalry was first replaced by a lighter Alanic cavalry, and then by Hunnic mounted archers. Finally, the light Slavic infantry, with its ‘irregular’ guerrilla tactics, defeated the East Roman armies and conquered the Balkan Peninsula.
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Mimokhod, R., A. Usachuk und A. Verbovskii. „Stone bars with two constrictions in burials of the Babino cultural circle within the context of archer’s outfit in the western part of the Old World“. Archaeological News 32 (2021): 386–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/1817-6976-2021-32-386-401.
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This paper is devoted to analysis of a rare category of artefacts — stone bars with two constrictions which present distinct cultural and chronological markers. In Eastern Europe these bars are known only among materials of the Dnieper-Don and Volga-Don Babino cultures; the time of their use is limited to within the 22nd century cal BC corresponding to the upper boundary of the period of their occurrence in the Near East, Central and Western Europe in the BzA1 period. Their functional purpose was to serve as protective mounts on the forearm of an archer preserving from the shock of the bow string. Analysis of the arrangement of the protective mounts in burials allows us to define three cases of their everyday use: noncombat, prior-combat and fighting situations. Experimental simulation has shown that the protective mount was fixed by means of a leather oversleeve with a lacing.
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Reeves, M. Barbara. „A petroglyph of a religious ceremony at Humayma“. Journal of Roman Archaeology 28 (2015): 451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759415002597.
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Over the past three decades Humayma (S Jordan) has been the subject of much research, focusing on the structures and artefacts left behind by its Neolithic, Nabataean, Roman, Byzantine, and early Islamic occupants, but the petroglyphs carved into the sandstone hills and ridges on the W side of the site have been mentioned only in passing. In 2012 and 2014 it was decided to carry out a survey of them. Of the more than 150 petroglyphs documented, most are simple depictions typical of those throughout the region: individual or grouped representations of bovids (ibex, gazelle, oryx), footprints or shoeprints, abstract symbols, and humans in the orant (half-arm raised) pose or holding weapons. Simple narrative scenes, again typical of the region, show carnivores or mounted humans chasing prey, or groups of archers hunting.
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Teseo Mainieri, Ézio. „Estudo do movimento de Bennett“. Revista da Faculdade de Odontologia de Porto Alegre 25, Nr. 1 (17.10.2021): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2177-0018.117945.
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Forty patients, twenty female and twenty male were selected, from a individual group. All the selected patients had twenty six teeth or more. lndividual alginate impressions were takenin the upper and lower arches. After each individual impression had taken, an índividual hinge axis procedure was effectived with a kinematic face bow. Determined the hínge axis each patient was tatued and a arbitrary face - bow was used to mount the upper cast in the gnathothesíometer. The lower cast was related to upper cast throught a centric relation registration (individual). Mounted both casts (upper and lower) in the instrument, two laterals bite registration were taken (one rigth, one left) on the patient and transfered to the gnatho-thesíometer for measurements. The results showed that Bennett moviment, occurred in 1,5 mm average and thus was related to an intimate occlusal scheme for each patient.
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Alofs, Eduard. „Studies on Mounted Warfare in Asia IV: The Turanian Tradition – The Horse Archers of Inner Asia, c. ce 550–1350“. War in History 22, Nr. 3 (Juli 2015): 274–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344514547944.
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Berthon, William, Balázs Tihanyi, Luca Kis, László Révész, Hélène Coqueugniot, Olivier Dutour und György Pálfi. „Horse riding and the shape of the acetabulum: Insights from the bioarchaeological analysis of early Hungarian mounted archers (10th century)“. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 29, Nr. 1 (03.12.2018): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oa.2723.
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Susanti, R., T. Widiatningrum, A. F. Jaya, F. F. Nisa’, N. R. Kenarni und R. L. Mukaromah. „Metagenomic analysis of soil forest microbiota on Mount Ungaran, Central Java, Indonesia“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1315, Nr. 1 (01.03.2024): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1315/1/012018.
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Abstract The ecological functions of forest soils are largely determined by the activities of soil microorganisms. This study aims to analyze the diversity and abundance of microbes in forest soil on Mount Ungaran, Ngesrepbalong Village, Kendal Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. This study used an exploratory observation method. Five hundred grams of forest soil was collected aseptically for chemical and metagenomic analysis. Metagenomic analysis was carried out based on 16S rRNA gene markers V3-V4 region. The result showing that the forest soil was dominated by bacteria of the order Rhizobiales (13.17%), Thermincolales (9.29%), and Vicinamibacterales (6.95%), as well as archaea of the order Nitrososphaerales (62.89%), Nitrosotaleales (4.61%), and Nitrosopumilales (1.67%). At the genera level, forest soil was dominated by Thermincola (8.42%) and Bacillus (7.39%), and one genera of archaea, namely Nitrososphaeraceae (23.17%). The bacteria that dominate forest soil are a group of Plant Growth Promoting Bacterial Agents (PGPB) in the nitrification process. Meanwhile, archaea that dominate forest soil act as ammonia oxidizing agents (AOA).
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ΛΑΜΠΑΚΗΣ, Στυλιανός. „Βιβλιογραφικό σημείωμα: A. Agelarakis, Eastern Roman Mounted Archers and Extraordinary Medico-Surgical Interventions at Paliokastro in Thasos Island during the ProtoByzantine Period. The Historical and Medical History Records and the Archaeo-Anthropological Evidence, Summertown, Oxford 2020“. Byzantina Symmeikta 31 (24.11.2021): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/byzsym.25671.
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Wakung’oli, Monde, Adenike Eunice Amoo, Ben Jesuorsemwen Enagbonma und Olubukola Oluranti Babalola. „Termite Societies Promote the Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of Archaeal Communities in Mound Soils“. Biology 9, Nr. 6 (25.06.2020): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9060136.
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Recent studies involving microbial communities in termite mounds have been more focused on bacteria and fungi with little attention given to archaea, which play significant roles in nutrient cycling. Thus, we aimed at characterizing the archaeal taxonomic and functional diversity in two termite mound soils using the shotgun sequencing method with the assumption that termite activities could promote archaeal diversity. Our findings showed that termite mound soils have archaeal groups that are taxonomically different from their surrounding soils, with Euryarchaeota, Korarchaeota, and Nanoarchaeota being predominant while Thaumarchaeota and Crenarchaeota were predominant in the surrounding soils. Additionally, the observed nutrient pathways: phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur were all significantly more predominant in termite mound soils than in their comparative surrounding soils. Alpha diversity showed that archaea were not significantly different within termite mound soils and the surrounding soils. The beta diversity revealed significant differences in the archaeal taxonomic composition and their functional categories between the termite mounds and surrounding soils. Our canonical correspondence analysis revealed that the distribution of archaeal communities was likely dependent on the soil properties. Our results suggested that termite activities may promote the diversity of archaea; with some of our sequences grouped as unclassified archaea, there is a need for further research to unveil their identity.
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Wallace, Leslie V. „Representations of Falconry in Eastern Han China (A.D. 25-220)“. Journal of Sport History 39, Nr. 1 (01.04.2012): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.39.1.99.
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Abstract Falconry has been practiced in China for nearly two thousand years, but its early history is obscured by a lack of visual, textual, and archaeological materials. Falconry first appears in visual and textual records dating to the Eastern Han dynasty (A.D. 25-220). Although the standard histories offer few details about the practice of falconry at this time, a growing number of excavated tomb reliefs provide information regarding the possible genesis of the sport. I first discovered this imagery when looking for representations of activities associated with foreigners in hunting scenes depicted in Eastern Han tombs from Shaanxi and Shanxi. In scenes of the hunt from this region, mounted falconers are depicted alongside mounted archers, figures that are connected in Han visual and textual sources with Northern nomadic pastoralists. This imagery immediately prompted a number of questions: when the practice began, who practiced falconry, and whether or not it was associated with foreigners at this time. This article is an outgrowth of research based on these initial questions. Focusing on Eastern Han depictions of falconry, I first examine where and how falconry was practiced in ancient China and what types of birds were used. I will then argue that the sport was originally learned by the Chinese from nomadic pastoralists living to the north of Han China. Finally, I will examine Han attitudes towards the sport, suggesting that although it may have originally been associated with nomadic pastoralists, in Eastern Han texts, falconry was connected with activities characteristic of a misspent youth.
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Bühler, Birgit, und Sylvia Kirchengast. „A life on horseback? Prevalence and correlation of metric and non-metric traits of the “horse-riding syndrome“ in an Avar population (7th-8th century AD) in Eastern Austria“. Anthropological Review 85, Nr. 3 (30.09.2022): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.85.3.05.
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Musculoskeletal stress markers allow the reconstruction of occupational and habitual activity patterns in historical populations. The so-called horse-riding syndrome summarizes several musculoskeletal markers which are commonly interpreted as indicators of habitual horse riding. The individual symptoms of the horse-riding syndrome, however, are still critically discussed. The skeletal remains of mounted warriors are especially suited for the analysis of skeletal markers commonly associated with a life on horseback. According to historical sources, early medieval Avar warriors were highly skilled in mounted archery and other types of mounted combat. An “equestrian lifestyle”, with many hours per day spent on horseback, was presumably a precondition for this. Hence, the historical and archaeological context of the human osteological material examined in this study is a particular asset for analyzing the so-called “horse-riding syndrome”. The aim of this study is to contribute to methodological research on the “horse-riding syndrome”, by testing possible associations between different characteristics of this syndrome within the adult population of the Avar cemetery Csokorgasse (7th-8th century AD) from Vienna, Eastern Austria. 149 Avar adult individuals (72 females and 77 males) were included in the study. Poirier´s facets, cribiform changes, plaque, as well as five qualitative traits of the Os coxae and the lower limb bones, the index of ovalization of the acetabulum (IOA), and the entheses robusticity score (ERS) were determined. Males and females differed significantly in the prevalence of Poirier´s facets, cribriform changes, and gluteal entheses. Furthermore, males showed significantly higher IOAs and ERS than females. Significantly positive associations between quantitative and qualitative traits of the horse-riding syndrome could be documented. Poirier´s facets, pronounced gluteal entheses, the index of ovalization of the acetabulum (IOA), and the entheses robusticity score were significantly related independent of sex and age. From the results of the present study we can conclude, that the association patterns between three major characteristics of the “horse-riding syndrome”, i.e. “Poiriers Facet” on the proximal femur, ovalization (vertical elongation) of the acetabulum, and pronounced entheses on the bony pelvis and the lower limb bones – typical markers of the “horse-riding syndrome” - may indeed be a valid set of traits for detecting habitual horse riders in archaeological contexts.
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Zhang, Li-Mei, Mu Wang, James I. Prosser, Yuan-Ming Zheng und Ji-Zheng He. „Altitude ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea in soils of Mount Everest“. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 70, Nr. 2 (November 2009): 208–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00775.x.
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Sinor, Denis. „Mounted Archers: The Beginnings of Central Asian History. By Laszlo Torday. pp. x, 447, 13 maps. Durham etc., The Durham Academic Press, 1997. £22.50.“ Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 8, Nr. 1 (April 1998): 134–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135618630001676x.
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khalaf, lina, mohamed dohiem und mohamed abdullah. „Retention of Rapid Prototyped Complete Dentures Using Two Retention of Rapid Prototyped Complete Dentures Using Two different types Liquid Resin“. future dental journal 7, Nr. 1 (01.06.2021): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54623/fdj.70113.
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Objectives: Comparing the retention of upper complete denture manufactured using two different denture base materials, both of them were manufactured using rapid prototyping method. Methods: Nineteen patients were selected. For both groups, the dentures were manufactured using Rapid prototyping method following the next steps, a preliminary impression was made & trial denture bases were constructed on the primary casts for the upper & lower arches for a jaw relation record. A facebow record was used to mount the upper cast, while the lower cast was mounted using a centric relation record. Setting of artificial teeth was performed, then the denture was tried in patient`s mouth. Functional impression was taken during the try in stage. CBCT scanning of the try in with the functional impression was done to obtain STL file then denture manufacturing was done by 3D printing. Results: results showed that there is no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: Complete denture retention is not significantly affected by the material used for denture construction. Clinical significance: This in-vivo cross over study introduces a novel approach for digital construction of upper complete denture using recent materials and gives an idea about their retentive value
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Ueda, Hiroshi, Yu Matsumura, Atsushi Horihata, Cynthia Concepcion, Koji Iwai und Kotaro Tanimoto. „Influence of Oral Appliances for Mandibular Advancement on Dentitions Using a Strain Gauge Analysis: A Pilot Study“. Sleep Disorders 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9097305.
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Introduction. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of oral appliances (OAs) on dentition using a strain gauge analysis.Materials/Methods. Eight volunteers, who were mild snorers, participated in this study. OAs were individually constructed, and advancement was defined as two-thirds of the maximum mandibular advancement. Strain gauges were mounted on the right first molar and central incisor of both the upper and lower arches. After OA use, two measurement sessions (short- and long-term) were performed.Results. Compressive strain on the labial surface was significantly larger than the stretching strain on the lingual surface on U1. On L1, the stretching strain on the labial surface was significantly larger than the compressive strain on the lingual surface. Comparing the upper and lower teeth, the stretching strain was significantly greater on L1 than on U1 in both test sessions. Moreover, the stretching strain was significantly larger on U6 than on L6.Conclusion. OA side effects, such as forcing on the incisors, might be repeated every night. In this way, permanent occlusal changes, such as labial tipping of L1, may occur, followed by lingual tipping of U1 and buccal and lingual movements of the U6 and L6, respectively.
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Mazza, Lorenzo, Maria Rosaria Gatto, Giuseppe Monaco und Gian Andrea Pelliccioni. „A Laboratory Based Investigation of a New Elastic Toothbrush Head“. Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/763968.
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Purpose. To demonstrate the noninferiority of a new toothbrush head with retractile bristles compared to traditional toothbrush heads on dental models.Methods. The new toothbrush head, mounted on manual and electrical handles, presents retractile bristle groups that can singularly retract over its entire length and offer calibrated resistance. Fourteen gypsum models of dental arches, twelve with and two without anatomical impairments, were spread with a “plaque simulator.” Each arch was brushed twice with each of the four toothbrushes, one minute by the same operator, blinded to the study. The plaque index (PI) was recorded at the end of each brushing session. GLM for repeated measures analysed the data.Results. On all the casts, the manual prototype and the electric prototype, removed 11% and 14% more “plaque simulator” compared to the standard toothbrush. In presence of dental anomalies, the prototypes removed 13% and 16% more plaque, respectively, compared to standard toothbrushes (P=0.04). In both situations, the 95% confidence intervals of PI did not include −10% (the minimal margin of clinical relevance).Conclusions. The prototype is more effective in removing plaque from the casts with anomalies. The noninferiority of the prototype with respect to the standard toothbrushes was demonstrated.
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Smith, M. Ann, und Michael J. White. „Observations on lakes near Mount St. Helens: Phytoplankton“. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 104, Nr. 3 (12.09.1985): 345–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/104/1985/345.
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Hatipoğlu, Murat, und Hilmi Güney. „Archaeo-gemmological investigation of gemstone glyptics (seal stones and ceremonial stones) and ancient jewelleries mounted gemstones in İzmir Archaeological Museum (Turkey)“. Journal of Cultural Heritage 14, Nr. 3 (Juni 2013): e165-e168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2012.12.012.
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Lendon, Jon E. „BATTLE DESCRIPTION IN THE ANCIENT HISTORIANS, PART I: STRUCTURE, ARRAY, AND FIGHTING“. Greece and Rome 64, Nr. 1 (14.03.2017): 39–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383516000231.
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When Endymion, king of the Moon, devised war upon Phaethon, king of the Sun, he decreed that a race of spiders as big as the Cyclades should weave a web between Venus and his lunar dominion, to serve as the battlefield for their regal rumble. And in that region of the heavens he arrayed his army: the king himself led his elite Hippo-vultures in the clouds on the right wing, 80,000 strong; his other cavalry, mounted on giant birds with wings like lettuce leaves, held the left. The Moon's stalwart infantry held the centre, posted on the spider web: Millet-launchers and Garlic-fighters, and his light-armed Flea-archers and Wind-runners, whose long tunics carried them about like sailboats in the fierce winds of the celestial realm. To Endymion's Hippo-vultures, Phaethon opposed the Sun's Hippo-ants (and near two hundred feet long were the insects that bore these cavalry). On the opposite flank of the solar array came the Air-mosquitoes and the formidable radish-flinging Air-dancers. The spears of Phaethon's phalanx, in the centre, were stalks of asparagus, and their round shields were mushrooms. Phaethon's allies, the Cloud-centaurs, expected at any moment from the Milky Way, had not arrived in time for battle.
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Woods, Robert O. „Finite Elements, Roman-Style“. Mechanical Engineering 125, Nr. 09 (01.09.2003): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2003-sep-4.
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MJT Lewis has published a work that is a combination of classical scholarship and pragmatic experimentation, Surveying Instruments of Greece and Rome. Among other things, he has undertaken a comprehensive study of the limits of accuracy that are attainable using modern reconstructions of ancient instruments. Graceful Roman arches, built about 2,000 years ago, held up a carefully crafted water course more than 50 km long, from a rural spring to the city of Nimes. The chorobates was a tool used to get a horizontal reference by sighting along the top. A modern writer, who tried it, doubts its usefulness. The Roman practice of reducing a problem of irregular shapes to a series of manageable-sized orthogonal blocks may have been primitive; however, it got remarkable results. The recent interest in applying modern analytic and experimental techniques to the study of ancient engineering has inspired a good deal of research. Hubert Chanson, a reader in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Queensland in Australia, has published several papers on the subject and has mounted an introductory website, ‘Some Hydraulics of Roman Aqueducts’. The site gives numerous references to other literature, including experimental work by himself and V Valenti in 1995.
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Pepe, M., D. Costantino, N. Crocetto und A. Restuccia Garofalo. „3D MODELING OF ROMAN BRIDGE BY THE INTEGRATION OF TERRESTRIAL AND UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SURVEY FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS PURPOSE“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W17 (29.11.2019): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w17-249-2019.
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Abstract. The 3D survey of the masonry bridges is rather complex and may require the integration of terrestrial and aerial surveys. In fact, in order to perform the survey of the superstructure of a bridge, the photogrammetric survey may be realized by the use UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) since it allows acquiring all the details of the upper part of the bridge. Indeed, especially the extreme lateral parts of the bridge cannot be performed through a traditional terrestrial survey. In addition, the UAV photogrammetry allows speeding up and optimizing work. As regards the terrestrial survey, instead, it has the advantage of being able to use highly performing optics and cameras (high resolution of the sensor, stabilized optics, etc.). However, these types of sensors are quite heavy and, in general, could not be mounted on an aerial platform on commercial and low-cost drones. In any case, beyond the payload of common commercial drones at low cost, there is also the problem that the digital cameras mounted on the UAV platforms cannot observe the arches of the bridge from the bottom upwards by low-cost tools. Therefore, a simple way to build a unique 3D model consists in the integration of terrestrial and aerial surveys; in this way, using a suitable procedure, sensor and software based on the Structure from Motion (SfM) and Multi View Stereo (MVS) approaches, it was possible to build detailed, precise and textured three-dimensional models of structures, such as the buildings, historical artefact, bridges etc.In this paper, a case study concerning the construction of a three-dimensional model according a photogrammetric method of a Roman bridge is discussed. In particular, the bridge taken under investigation, belong to the Cultural Heritage, is called “San Cono” and is located in south of Italy. After built the 3D model of masonry bridge (3D point cloud and 3D mesh), it was identified a special procedure that allowed to obtain the model of the bridge suitable for a structural analysis within of dedicate software.
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Puladi, Behrus, Mark Ooms, Martin Bellgardt, Mark Cesov, Myriam Lipprandt, Stefan Raith, Florian Peters et al. „Augmented Reality-Based Surgery on the Human Cadaver Using a New Generation of Optical Head-Mounted Displays: Development and Feasibility Study“. JMIR Serious Games 10, Nr. 2 (25.04.2022): e34781. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/34781.
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Background Although nearly one-third of the world’s disease burden requires surgical care, only a small proportion of digital health applications are directly used in the surgical field. In the coming decades, the application of augmented reality (AR) with a new generation of optical-see-through head-mounted displays (OST-HMDs) like the HoloLens (Microsoft Corp) has the potential to bring digital health into the surgical field. However, for the application to be performed on a living person, proof of performance must first be provided due to regulatory requirements. In this regard, cadaver studies could provide initial evidence. Objective The goal of the research was to develop an open-source system for AR-based surgery on human cadavers using freely available technologies. Methods We tested our system using an easy-to-understand scenario in which fractured zygomatic arches of the face had to be repositioned with visual and auditory feedback to the investigators using a HoloLens. Results were verified with postoperative imaging and assessed in a blinded fashion by 2 investigators. The developed system and scenario were qualitatively evaluated by consensus interview and individual questionnaires. Results The development and implementation of our system was feasible and could be realized in the course of a cadaver study. The AR system was found helpful by the investigators for spatial perception in addition to the combination of visual as well as auditory feedback. The surgical end point could be determined metrically as well as by assessment. Conclusions The development and application of an AR-based surgical system using freely available technologies to perform OST-HMD–guided surgical procedures in cadavers is feasible. Cadaver studies are suitable for OST-HMD–guided interventions to measure a surgical end point and provide an initial data foundation for future clinical trials. The availability of free systems for researchers could be helpful for a possible translation process from digital health to AR-based surgery using OST-HMDs in the operating theater via cadaver studies.
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Puladi, Behrus, Mark Ooms, Martin Bellgardt, Mark Cesov, Myriam Lipprandt, Stefan Raith, Florian Peters et al. „Augmented Reality-Based Surgery on the Human Cadaver Using a New Generation of Optical Head-Mounted Displays: Development and Feasibility Study“. JMIR Serious Games 10, Nr. 2 (25.04.2022): e34781. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/34781.
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Background Although nearly one-third of the world’s disease burden requires surgical care, only a small proportion of digital health applications are directly used in the surgical field. In the coming decades, the application of augmented reality (AR) with a new generation of optical-see-through head-mounted displays (OST-HMDs) like the HoloLens (Microsoft Corp) has the potential to bring digital health into the surgical field. However, for the application to be performed on a living person, proof of performance must first be provided due to regulatory requirements. In this regard, cadaver studies could provide initial evidence. Objective The goal of the research was to develop an open-source system for AR-based surgery on human cadavers using freely available technologies. Methods We tested our system using an easy-to-understand scenario in which fractured zygomatic arches of the face had to be repositioned with visual and auditory feedback to the investigators using a HoloLens. Results were verified with postoperative imaging and assessed in a blinded fashion by 2 investigators. The developed system and scenario were qualitatively evaluated by consensus interview and individual questionnaires. Results The development and implementation of our system was feasible and could be realized in the course of a cadaver study. The AR system was found helpful by the investigators for spatial perception in addition to the combination of visual as well as auditory feedback. The surgical end point could be determined metrically as well as by assessment. Conclusions The development and application of an AR-based surgical system using freely available technologies to perform OST-HMD–guided surgical procedures in cadavers is feasible. Cadaver studies are suitable for OST-HMD–guided interventions to measure a surgical end point and provide an initial data foundation for future clinical trials. The availability of free systems for researchers could be helpful for a possible translation process from digital health to AR-based surgery using OST-HMDs in the operating theater via cadaver studies.
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Hitchon, Patrick W., Vijay Goel, John Drake, Derek Taggard, Matthew Brenton, Thomas Rogge und James C. Torner. „Comparison of the biomechanics of hydroxyapatite and polymethylmethacrylate vertebroplasty in a cadaveric spinal compression fracture model“. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 95, Nr. 2 (Oktober 2001): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2001.95.2.0215.
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Object. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has long been used in the stabilization and reconstruction of traumatic and pathological fractures of the spine. Recently, hydroxyapatite (HA), an osteoconductive, biocompatible cement, has been used as an alternative to PMMA. In this study the authors compare the stabilizing effects of the HA product, BoneSource, with PMMA in an experimental compression fracture of L-1. Methods. Twenty T9—L3 cadaveric spine specimens were mounted individually on a testing frame. Light-emitting diodes were placed on the neural arches as well as the base. Motion was tracked by two video cameras in response to applied loads of 0 to 6 Nm. The weight-drop technique was used to induce a reproducible compression fracture of T-11 after partially coring out the vertebra. Load testing was performed on the intact spine, postfracture, after unilateral transpedicular vertebroplasty with 7 to 10 ml of PMMA or HA, and after flexion—extension fatiguing to 5000 cycles at ± 3 Nm. No significant difference between the HA- and PMMA cemented—fixated spines was demonstrated in flexion, extension, left lateral bending, or right and left axial rotation. The only difference between the two cements was encountered before and after fatiguing in right lateral bending (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions. The results of this study suggest that the same angular rigidity can be achieved using either HA or PMMA. This is of particular interest because HA is osteoconductive, undergoes remodeling, and is not exothermic.
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Kupreenko, Alexey, Vladimir Kuznetsov, Khafiz Isaev und Samir Isaev. „DEVELOPMENT OF MECHANIZATION TOOLS FOR REMOVING SOIL SHAFTS FROM THE BUTTON PROTECTIVE ZONE OF REPAIR RASPBERRY BEFORE CUTTING“. SCIENCE IN THE CENTRAL RUSSIA, Nr. 3 (30.06.2022): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35887/2305-2538-2022-3-32-40.
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It was found that the shafts of soil in the near-growth zone and uneven topography of row spacings reduce the quality of the mechanized method of cutting remontant raspberries. Statistical indicators of the microprofile of row spacing in the range: dispersion 2.0 - 4.0 cm2, standard deviation 1.4 -2.0 cm, cutoff frequency 8 - 15 were obtained by the method of unleveling and statistical processing. The design schemes of mounted machines for removing shafts of soil from the protection zones near the mouth with leveling the profile on the same level with the soil profile in the raspberry row have been developed. The basis of the structures is an arched frame hinged on the tractor from the side and controlled by a hydraulic cylinder. Two additional frames are pivotally attached to the lower ends of the frame. Rotary working bodies are provided for easy soils. Plow tools with a cut-out blade and vane rotors are designed for heavy soils. The developed machines allow removing soil banks from the raspberry protective zones on both sides of the row in one pass. The developed machines allow removing soil banks from the raspberry protective zones on both sides of the row in one pass. The soil from the shafts is scattered into the row-spacing, leveling its irregularities, and the bottom of the furrow is formed on the same level with the soil profile in the raspberry row. This creates an optimal terrain for the subsequent movement of the mower.
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La Rosa, Laura, Luigi Pellegrino und Matteo Pennisi. „New methods for the drawing of the Archaeological Forma Urbis: Bohob’s research in Catania“. Technical Annals 1, Nr. 1 (22.12.2022): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/ta.32161.
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Nowadays, in the centre of Catania, the several visible archaeologies seem more irrelevant objects than ancient treasures. This is due to fact they are fenced in scattered holes without any common idea. “Bohob”, the group of architects we belong to, is conducting a research in order to address this burning problem by means of a two-pronged approach. On one hand, by the Drawing of the City, a large plan of Catania including all the archaeological ruins representing their integral role in the building of the city and in forcing the shape of the modern town; on the other hand, by the Minimum Projects, consisting of shrines on a citywide scale in which the ruins are enclosed as well as appearing as gems and not as temporary objects in the urban pattern. The core essence of the research is studying the relationship between the archae-ology and the city via an interdisciplinary method based on the brand-new digital forms of representation; starting from considering the ancient as “active part” in the construction of the town and its little fragments as gems mounted in the urban pattern.
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Markiewicz, Anne, und Lloyd Own. „Caring for children away from home Messages from research, L. Archer, L. Hicks, M. Little & K. Mount Wiley, Chichester, UK, 1998, 108 pp.“ Children Australia 23, Nr. 3 (1998): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200008750.
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Bobrov, Leonid A. „Копейный бой в военном искусстве калмыков и джунгар XVII – начала XIX вв.“ Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 15, Nr. 4 (25.12.2023): 551–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2023-4-551-592.
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Introduction. The article examines the features of the formation and evolution of the Oirat light cavalry armed with spears of the Late Middle Ages and early Modern times. The purpose of the study is to identify the role of spear fighting in the military practice of the Dzungars and Kalmyks of the XVII – early XIX centuries on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of written, pictorial and material sources. Results. It has been established that in the Central Asian region for centuries shock spears and pikes remained mainly the weapons of armored cavalry, while light nomads without armor used them only sporadically. During the military transformations carried out by the Oirat and Mongol military leaders of the second half of the XVI–XVII centuries, mounted archers were equipped with shock spears and pikes, which led to the emergence of a new type of cavalry composed of lightly armed spearmen capable of conducting both remote and close combat. During the military campaigns of the Oirats, which covered most of steppe Eurasia, the idea of mass light cavalry with spears was adopted by many peoples of the Great Steppe, including Russian Cossacks and Turks of Eastern Europe (Nogais, Crimean and Polish-Lithuanian Tatars). In turn, the battle on the spears of the Polish-Lithuanian Tatars (Lipkov) formed the basis of the military practice of the Polish lancers, which became a model of such cavalry for the countries of Central and Western Europe of the XVIII – early XIX centuries. Based on the analysis of Mongolian, Oirat, Ottoman, European and Qing written sources, the original name of the Oirat long–barrel weapon of the XVII–XVIII centuries was revealed, which sounded like “jida” (“dzida”). The design features of the Oirat spears were established, the spear fighting technique and tactics of mounted Kalmyk and Dzungarian warriors armed with spears were reconstructed. Conclusions. The collected materials indicate that spears and pikes were the main type of melee weapons of the Oirat warriors of the XVII – early XIX centuries. Spear fighting was one of the key elements of the military art of the Dzungars and Kalmyks of this period. The Oirats had a significant impact on the development of the practice of equestrian spear fighting among the peoples of Eurasia of the XVII–XVIII centuries.
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Alvarez, Márcia Cristina, Miriam Lacale Turbino, Celso de Barros, Valéria Oliveira Pagnano und Osvaldo Luiz Bezzon. „Comparative study of intermaxillary relationships of manual and swallowing methods“. Brazilian Dental Journal 20, Nr. 1 (2009): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402009000100014.
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This study compared the mandibular displacement from three methods of centric relation record using an anterior jig associated with (A) chin point guidance, (B) swallowing (control group) and (C) bimanual manipulation. Ten patients aged 25-39 years were selected if they met the following inclusion criteria: complete dentition (up to the second molars), Angle class I and absence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and diagnostic casts showing stability in the maximum intercuspation (MI) position. Impressions of maxillary and mandibular arches were made with an irreversible hydrocolloid impression material. Master casts of each patient were obtained, mounted on a microscope table in MI as a reference position and 5 records of each method were made per patient. The mandibular casts were then repositioned with records interposed and new measurements were obtained. The difference between the two readings allowed measuring the displacement of the mandible in the anteroposterior and lateral axes. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test at 5% significance level. There was no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) among the three methods for measuring lateral displacement (A=0.38 ± 0.26, B=0.32 ± 0.25 and C=0.32 ± 0.23). For the anteroposterior displacement (A=2.76 ± 1.43, B=2.46 ± 1.48 and C=2.97 ± 1.51), the swallowing method (B) differed significantly from the others (p<0.05), but no significant difference (p>0.05) was found between chin point guidance (A) and bimanual manipulation (C). In conclusion, the swallowing method produced smaller mandibular posterior displacement than the other methods.
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McGrath, Timothy J., Ernest T. Selig und Timothy J. Beach. „Structural Behavior of Three-Sided Arch Span Bridge“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1541, Nr. 1 (Januar 1996): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196154100114.
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A study was undertaken to evaluate the methodology used for the structural design of three-sided culverts with arched top slabs. An 11-m span by 3.4-m rise bridge was instrumented and monitored during installation, under an HS-25 + 30 percent live load and at 6-month intervals for 2 years after installation. The bridge consisted of ten 1.6-m-wide precast segments. Three of the interior segments were instrumented with soil stress cells mounted on the legs of the bridge and with anchor pins for use with a tape extensometer to determine change in shape of the bridge. Survey data were taken on the same three segments and the two adjacent segments. Visual observations were also made to monitor cracking. The live load test was conducted with 0.3 m of cover. Final cover was 0.9 m. The bridge showed less movement under the live load than under the 0.9 m of earth load. The 2-year data show that the shape of the bridge and the soil stresses at the sides of the bridge cycle on an annual basis and that the spans have increased 4 to 8 mm over the 2 years since the completion of construction and appear to be still increasing. Overall, the structural performance of the bridge under earth and live loads was excellent. The correlation between the measured behavior and the computer analysis was good except that the actual live load effects were much smaller than assumed for design. The results of the project support the use of finite-element analysis to design such structures.
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Khademi, Abbasali, Masoud Saatchi, Mahnaz Sheikhi, Mohammad Mehdi Soltani und Samane Moradi. „In Vitro Diagnostic Accuracy and Agreement of Dental Microscope and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in Comparison with Microcomputed Tomography for Detection of the Second Mesiobuccal Canal of Maxillary First Molars“. Scanning 2022 (19.09.2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1493153.
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Objectives. The percentage of failure of endodontically treated maxillary molars is relatively high; one main reason is that the second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) is missing. Some techniques have been proposed for detection of the MB2. This study was aimed at assessing the diagnostic accuracy and agreement of the dental microscope and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in comparison with microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) for detection of the MB2 of maxillary first molars in vitro. Materials and Methods. This in vitro, experimental study evaluated 71 permanent maxillary first molars that were stored in 100% humidity at room temperature. The teeth were mounted in 9 silicone dental arches to the level of their cementoenamel junction (8 teeth in each arch). The blocks underwent CBCT in a XG3D scanner. Access cavity was then prepared, and the teeth were inspected by a surgical microscope for negotiation of the MB2. Also, micro-CT images were obtained from the teeth to serve as the gold standard. CBCT and micro-CT images were observed by two examiners twice with a 2-week interval. Results. The frequency of the MB2 detected by dental microscope was significantly lower than micro-CT ( P < 0.001 ) and CBCT ( P = 0.008 ); no significant difference existed between micro-CT and CBCT in this respect. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CBCT for detection of MB2 were 92.6%, 100%, 100%, and 81%, respectively. Conclusion. CBCT is superior to the dental microscope for detection of the MB2 of maxillary first molars and can be used for this purpose in the clinical setting with adequate accuracy.
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Radeke, Johanna, Annike B. Vogel, Falko Schmidt, Fatih Kilic, Stefan Repky, Jan Beyersmann und Bernd G. Lapatki. „Trueness of full-arch IO scans estimated based on 3D translational and rotational deviations of single teeth—an in vitro study“. Clinical Oral Investigations 26, Nr. 3 (27.11.2021): 3273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04309-5.
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Abstract Objectives To three-dimensionally evaluate deviations of full-arch intraoral (IO) scans from reference desktop scans in terms of translations and rotations of individual teeth and different types of (mal)occlusion. Materials and methods Three resin model pairs reflecting different tooth (mal)positions were mounted in the phantom head of a dental simulation unit and scanned by three dentists and three non-graduate investigators using a confocal laser IO scanner (Trios 3®). The tooth-crown surfaces of the IO scans and reference scans were superimposed by means of best-fit alignment. A novel method comprising the measurement of individual tooth positions was used to determine the deviations of each tooth in the six degrees of freedom, i.e., in terms of 3D translation and rotation. Deviations between IO and reference scans, among tooth-(mal)position models, and between dentists and non-graduate investigators were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Results The overall translational deviations of individual teeth on the IO scans were 76, 32, and 58 µm in the lingual, mesial, and intrusive directions, respectively, resulting in a total displacement of 114 µm. Corresponding rotational deviations were 0.58° buccal tipping, 0.04° mesial tipping, and 0.14° distorotation leading to a combined rotation of 0.78°. These deviations were the smallest for the dental arches with anterior crowding, followed by those with spacing and those with good alignment (p < 0.05). Results were independent of the operator’s level of education. Conclusions Compared to reference desktop scans, individual teeth on full-arch IO scans showed high trueness with total translational and rotational deviations < 115 µm and < 0.80°, respectively. Clinical relevance Available confocal laser IO scanners appear sufficiently accurate for diagnostic and therapeutic orthodontic applications. Results indicate that full-arch IO scanning can be delegated to non-graduate dental staff members.
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Naboka, A., und P. Firsov. „STUDY OF DEFORMABILITY OF THE LARGE-SPAN ROOF STRUCTURAL SYSTEM IN THE FORM OF AN ASYMMETRICAL SHELL“. Municipal economy of cities 1, Nr. 182 (05.04.2024): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2024-1-182-97-104.
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The scientific article is devoted to a complex study of deformability of saddle-type shell of negative Gaussian curvature of a public object that has been in operation for a long time for further general restoration of the building’s roofing system. The authors have developed a specific algorithm for conducting experimental research, providing additional static load on a shell at the lower point of the gentle axial line of the supporting arches. To smoothly carry out the loading procedure, we mounted containers in barrel form on the roof surface and gradually filled them with water. We carried out an experimental evaluation of the bearing capacity of the shell with the determination of the redistribution of forces along the length of the section in the lower zone of the conventionally outlined arch. The experimental test results revealed that the deformability of the shell surface under short-term loading did not exceed 2.0 mm, and, under long-term loading, it was no more than 4.0 mm. Analysis of the qualitative features of structure deformation shows that the displacement of the roof’s points, located symmetrically to the vertical axis, has the opposite sign to the sign of the displacement of the actual ‘saddle’ point (the case of symmetrical deformation). We conducted a numerical verification of the behaviour of the investigated structure by forming a detailed finite element spatial model of the shell. Comparison of the results of numerical calculation with the results of field tests shows the coincidence of qualitative and quantitative parameters, which, in turn, characterises the developed theoretical model as fully adequate and suitable for analysing the stress-strain state of similar large-span structural systems. Based on the results of comprehensive theoretical and experimental research, we made proposals for the further restoration of the roofing structure with the limitation of the self-weight of the covering to 1 kN/m2. Engineers and scientists can use the research results to reconstruct similar authentic structural systems. Keywords: calculation, restoration, loading, deflection, shell, negative Gaussian curvature.
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Dent, J. A., A. G. Polson und M. W. Klymkowsky. „A whole-mount immunocytochemical analysis of the expression of the intermediate filament protein vimentin in Xenopus“. Development 105, Nr. 1 (01.01.1989): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.105.1.61.
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We have developed a whole-mount immunocytochemical method for Xenopus and used it to map the expression of the intermediate filament protein vimentin during early embryogenesis. We used two monoclonal antibodies, 14h7 and RV202. Both label vimentin filaments in Xenopus A6 cells, RV202 reacts specifically with vimentin (Mr, 55 × 10(3] on Western blots of A6 cells and embryos. 14h7 reacts with vimentin and a second, insoluble polypeptide of 57 × 10(3) Mr found in A6 cells. The 57 × 10(3) Mr polypeptide appears to be an intermediate filament protein immunochemically related to vimentin. In the whole-mount embryo, we first found vimentin at the time of neural tube closure (stage 19) in cells located at the lateral margins of the neural tube. By stage 26, these cells, which are presumably radial glia, are present along the entire length of the neural tube and in the tail bud. Cells in the optic vesicles express vimentin by stage 24. Vimentin-expressing mesenchymal cells appear on the surface of the somites at stage 22/23; these cells appear first on anterior somites and on progressively more posterior somites as development continues. Beginning at stage 24, vimentin appears in mesenchymal cells located ventral to the somites and associated with the pronephric ducts; these ventral cells first appear below the anterior somites and later appear below more posterior somites. The dorsal fin mesenchyme expresses vimentin at stage 26. In the head, both mesodermally-derived and neural-crest-derived mesenchymal tissues express vimentin by stage 26. These include the mesenchyme of the branchial arches, the mandibular arch, the corneal epithelium, the eye, the meninges and mesenchyme surrounding the otic vesicle. By stage 33, vimentin-expressing mesenchymal cells are present in the pericardial cavity and line the vitelline veins. Vimentin expression appears to be a marker for the differentiation of a subset of central nervous system cells and of head and body mesenchyme in the early Xenopus embryo.
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Sadaghiani, B., und J. R. Vielkind. „Distribution and migration pathways of HNK-1-immunoreactive neural crest cells in teleost fish embryos“. Development 110, Nr. 1 (01.09.1990): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.110.1.197.
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Whole mounts and cross-sections of embryos from three species of teleost fish were immunostained with the HNK-1 monoclonal antibody, which recognizes an epitope on migrating neural crest cells. A similar distribution and migration was found in all three species. The crest cells in the head express the HNK-1 epitope after they have segregated from the neural keel. The truncal neural crest cells begin to express the epitope while they still reside in the dorsal region of the neural keel; this has not been observed in other vertebrates. The cephalic and anterior truncal neural crest cells migrate under the ectoderm; the cephalic cells then enter into the gill arches and the anterior truncal cells into the mesentery of the digestive tract where they cease migration. These cephalic and anterior trunk pathways are similar to those described in Xenopus and chick. The neural crest cells of the trunk, after segregation, accumulate in the dorsal wedges between the somites, however, unlike in chick and rat, they do not migrate in the anterior halves of the somites but predominantly between the neural tube and the somites, the major pathway observed in carp and amphibians; some cells migrate over the somites. The HNK-1 staining of whole-mount embryos revealed a structure resembling the Rohon-Beard and extramedullary cells, the primary sensory system in amphibians. Such a system has not been described in fish.
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Lukianchenko, Vadym. „GORODNYA – KYIV DEFENSIVE WALLS IN IX–XIII CENTURIES. PART THREE. ZABOROLA (UPPER PART OF A FORTRESS WALL)“. City History, Culture, Society, Nr. 3 (30.10.2017): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mics2019.03.019.
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In the article, the author continues to investigate questions about the structural and functional features of the defence structures of the city of Kyiv in the IX-XIII centuries. He believes that when studying the fortifications of the times of Kievan Rus, it is necessary to consider them in unity with the tactics of siege and defence of that time. A proper understanding of the development of defence structures, their various types and constructions, cannot be achieved without considering these structures in terms of tactical principles and tactical requirements imposed on them in combat use.Based on the analysis of scientific literature, elaboration of chronicle and archaeological sources, the author concludes that the city defensive fortifications in the period under study were wooden bunk structures. The first tier consisted of hollow three- or four-walled gardens that formed the basis of the defensive wall. If the gardens were not clogged, they were used for various purposes (such as warehouses). The first tier of four-walled gardens could have several floors. The second tier of fortifications is a battlefield (forbidden) - a particular lightweight structure that allowed to shoot at the enemy from above and served to protect the soldiers who defended the walls. As the bans are not archaeologically presented, the author relies on written sources for their reconstruction. It identifies three main types of prohibitions. The first, the simplest type, consisted of a combat course (site) and a palisade or "shields" filled with vertically chipped boards, with a vertical archery gun cut through the field. The second, most common, type consisted of covered fighting. On the side of the field, it was protected by vertically mounted chipped boards with arrows and "doors", which opened stones, spears or poured boiling water. It was a light beam-pillar structure, covered with a sloping roof (with a steep slope on the side of the field). The third type of prohibitions consisted of a combat course, a solid gallery running from the side of the settlement, and structures made of four-walled cages and walls between them from horizontally laid logs - from the side of the field. A gable roof covered all this with a cantilever overhang over the gallery by the settlement.
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Praneeksha, Keerthi Sasanka, Gayatri Devi R und Dhanraj Ganapathy. „Knowledge and attitude on the effects of dermatoglyphics among dental students“. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (17.09.2020): 729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.3011.
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Dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of fingerprints, lines, mounts and shapes of hands, as distinct from the superficially similar pseudoscience of palmistry. Dermatoglyphics also refers to the making of naturally occurring ridges on specific body parts, namely palms, fingers, soles, and toes. These are areas where hair usually does not grow, and these ridges allow for increased leverage when picking up objects or walking barefoot. Learning new things and being an informative person have always been the goals of human beings, so coming to know about the human hand was also new information and created a great interest in individuals of various fields. Palms and soles of feet are covered with distinct classes of marks, So the study of fingerprints is called dermatoglyphics. Palmistry is called dermatoglyphics. The fingerprints patterns do not change throughout the lifetime. There are three types of significant fingerprints, Arches, loops, whorls. Dermatoglyphics is majorly used in an investigation. It also helps find a person’s uniqueness and helps in personalised education. The study aimed to assess the knowledge about dermatoglyphics among dental students. A questionnaire was designed online using google docs which consisted of 15 questions eliciting knowledge on dermatoglyphics. The study population included dental students. The responses were collected and statistically analysed. The results were partly biased, but on the whole, the dental students were aware of the basic details of dermatoglyphics. The survey concluded the dental students were partly aware, but at the end of the survey, they had got a clear idea about dermatoglyphics and its uses in different fields.