Zeitschriftenartikel: „Mountains Russia (Federation)“

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Golubchikov, Yuri N., Alexey N. Gunya und Matthias Schmidt. „Natural Differences in the Legal Dimension: Institutionalisation of the Northern and Mountain Regions of Russia“. GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 15, Nr. 1 (28.03.2022): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2021-084.

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Natural differences in the regional development of Russia are presented in many legislative acts dedicated to the Russian Far North. In contrast, the unique nature and complexity of mountainous and high-mountain territories are protected only by a few regional acts. The reason for this lies in the complexity and multicomponent criteria required for assigning these territories the status of protected areas and in the fact that their boundaries do not correspond with administrative boundaries. The main materials underlying the article are legal documents (regulations, laws, etc.) concerning the institutionalization of the northern and mountainous territories. A comparative analysis of regional policy in relation to mountainous and northern territories takes into account similar criteria, such as vegetation types and patterns, forest borders or crop frontiers. Almost two-thirds of the territory of Russia refers to the North and more than half of the territory is occupied by mountains. The first attempts to institutionalize the North were undertaken in the 1930s, while the programmes for the development of mountainous territories gained legal support only at the end of 20th century and only in some regions. The most important difference between the institutionalization of the North and the mountains is the fact that the state initiated the creation of special legal conditions for the North. In the case of the mountains, the initiator was the public, initially at the regional level. Currently, three constituent entities of the Russian Federation adopted laws on mountain areas, but so far there are no all-Russian laws. The main lobbyists are the North Caucasian regions, while the Siberian regions (with the exception of the Altai Republic) are rather passive in discussing mountain issues. The elaborated legislation for the North seems to be closely related to the potential and realised income from natural resource extraction. For this reason, corresponding legislation for the mountain regions is not expected particularly soon, due to the lack of legal resources. Efforts aimed to provide legal support for mechanisms that compensate the socio-economic discrepancies between mountainous areas and more developed “flat places” should take into account the experience of institutionalizing the Northern territories of the Russian Federation.

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Ananko, T. V., und M. I. Gerasimova. „Dark-humus soils on the updated soil map of Russian Federation scale 1 : 2.5 M“. Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, Nr. 108 (19.10.2021): 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2021-108-31-54.

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The dark-humus soil type was included in the updated legend of the Soil Map of the Russian Federation at scale 1 : 2.5 M, converted to the system of Soil Classification of Russia. The soil profile starts with the dark-humus horizon gradually merging to the parent rock; any mid-profile diagnostic horizons are absent. Large areas of dark-humus soils are found in the forest-steppe, steppe and taiga zones of the European Russia, Western and Central Siberia, in the Trans-Baikal region, the Altai-Sayany Mountains, and the Caucasus. The type of dark-humus soils comprises both mesomorphic soils (of normal moisture conditions) and soils with additional surface or ground-water moisture. The main prerequisites for the formation of dark-humus soils are, on the one hand, the climatic conditions favorable for the dark-humus horizon formation, and, on the other hand, parent material - mostly derivates of hard rocks, restricting the development of mid-profile diagnostic horizons. In the updated map, the following initial legend units are partially or completely converted to dark-humus soils: several units of chernozems, dark-gray forest and gray forest non-podzolized soils, soddy-taiga base-saturated and slightly unsaturated soils, several mountain soils, a significant part of soddy-calcareous soils, as well as some mountainous forest-meadow soils. The diversity of dark-humus soils subtypes is determined by secondary carbonate features, weak signs of clay accumulation and podzolization, alteration of the mineral mass, gley and cryogenic phenomena.

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Sartor, Valerie, und Svetlana Bogdanova. „Evolving and adapting to global changes regarding English: English language teaching in the Siberian city of Irkutsk“. English Today 31, Nr. 2 (28.05.2015): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078415000048.

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The Russian Federation, established after the breakup of the USSR in the early 1990s, is the largest country in the world (Blinnikov, 2011). Russians have long considered their capital, Moscow, and the adjoining city of St Petersburg, to be the centres of culture and commerce, as well of the arts and educational facilities. Due to the large size of their country, Russians designate areas west of the Ural Mountains informally as “European Russia.” The Russian territories known as Siberia and the Russian Far East extend east of the Urals to the Pacific Ocean, and cover approximately 10% of the world's land mass (Yudin, 2006). In May 2000, President Putin designated nine federal subjects (provinces and republics) of Siberia as the Siberian Federal District (http://russiatrek.org/siberia-district). The capital of Irkutsk, located in Irkutsk Province, is situated in the southeastern part of the Siberian Federal District.

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Sofronova, E. V. „Additions to the liverwort flora of the Suntar-Khayata Range (Eastern Yakutia, Russia)“. Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii 56, Nr. 1 (2022): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2022.56.1.181.

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According to the results of three field seasons (2015–2017), 7 new species and 1 variety were discovered for the liverworts flora on the Suntar-Khayata Range in the Vostochnaya Khandyga River Basin (Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Clevea hyalina, Eocalypogeia schusteriana, Frullania parvistipula, Lophoziopsis excisa var. elegans, Mannia pilosa, Pellia endiviifolia, Scapania glaucocephala). They are very rare in the mountains of the North-East of Yakutia. Frullania parvistipula is first reported for the Verkhoyansk-Chukotka mountainous country. The localities of Frullania parvistipula, Scapania glaucocephala are the northernmost in Russia. Eocalypogeia schusteriana is included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, Scapania glaucocephala is listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The annotations to each species provide information on habitats, substrates, associated species, growth pattern and indicate the presence of structures associated with reproduction. The peculiarities of distribution are discussed. Data on morphology are presented for Clevea hyalina, Lophoziopsis excisa var. elegans and Scapania glaucocephala. Most of the identified species usually grow on basic or calcareous substrates. Such substrates on the Suntar-Khayata Range have been limited. Chiloscyphus polyanthus and Scapania glaucocephala grew on rotting wood in poplar forest, which are also very rare in the study area. A morphological comparison of Scapania glaucocephala with the most ecologically and morphologically similar S. apiculata and S. carinthiaca is provided based on the Yakutian specimens. Distribution maps of Eocalypogeia schusteriana, Lophoziopsis excisa var. elegans, Scapania glaucocephala in Russia are presented.

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Alyabina, Irina, Olga Chernova, Alla Prisyazhnaya und Oleg Reshotkin. „Soil cover of nature reserves and national parks as a reflection of the zonal and regional features of the territory of Russia“. InterCarto. InterGIS 29, Nr. 1 (2023): 574–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2023-1-29-574-588.

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The representation of the diversity of the main natural complexes of Russia in federal specially protected natural areas (SPNA) was assessed based on a comparison of their soil cover with the soil cover of territorial units of the Map of soil-ecological zoning of the Russian Federation (2019). A high representativeness in relation to the soil cover of the SPNA systems of the polar belt and a satisfactory one of the boreal belt was revealed. Moving southward, the representation of the diversity of natural complexes in the protected areas decreases markedly, taking the minimum values in the steppe and dry-steppe regions. In mountain protected areas the soil cover reflects the diversity of natural conditions of mountain soil provinces well and average, in most cases the soil cover of high mountains is well represented and significantly worse—of low mountains and the most fertile soils of the corresponding mountain provinces (soddy-calcareous, mountain chernozem-like, meadow-steppe). In spite of relative prosperity noted in the analysis at the level of soil zones (subzones), consideration at the level of plain soil provinces allowed revealing unfavorable regions in this respect. Six of the 14 plain soil provinces without SPNA are located in Western Siberia, where the flat relief, which determines the well-defined zonality of landscapes, allowed to trace the climatic trends of recent decades. This region has been chosen as a model to assess the need for additional SPNA due to climate change. Analysis of climatic trends in recent decades has revealed climatic changes most pronounced in the extreme climatic regions: the northern and southern flat soil zones (subzones). Moreover, in the coldest northern part of the region there is a maximum increase in air temperature, and in the arid southern part there is a maximum decrease in air humidity. The implementation of plans to create four new nature reserves in the south of Western Siberia will significantly increase the representativeness of the network of SPNA in relation to the soil cover and will optimize the state system of reference objects of background environmental monitoring.

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Loshchilov, К. S. „ON THE ISSUE OF THE AMUR GORAL POPULATION RESTORING (NEMORHAEDUS CAUDATUS) IN THE NORTH OF ITS HISTORICAL HABITAT“. Regional problems 26, Nr. 4 (2023): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31433/2618-9593-2023-26-4-33-39.

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The value of the Amur goral (Naemorhedus caudatus) as a fauna representative is in its rarity. Special measures for this species preservation include prohibition of hunting and its inclusion in both the Federal and some other Russian Federation subjects Red Books. However, the time proves the measures insufficient to restore it within its historical habitat, taking into account a strict territoriality of this “red book” species. This situation needs taking additional measures. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the regional state nature reserve “Dichun” suitability for the purpose of the Amur goral reintroduction. The study of this species ecology, protection and restoration has been carrying out since 1970s. Methods of trapping individuals, overexposure and transportation of them have been developed and tested for the goral population in Primorie. The analysis of the Amur goral historical habitat in Russia has shown the population subdivision into two loosely related groups – the sea coast and continental (including the Small Khingan mountains). There is no experience in the continental group reintroduction. The article substantiates the prospects for the nature reserve “Dichun” use as a landfill for the Amur goral habitat reintroduction. This area in Small Khingan mountains has been under special protection for 60 years. Restoration of the Amur goral population in the north of its historical habitat is of great importance for natural biodiversity and for attraction of tourists to the region.

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GALACHIEVA, Svetlana, Salima MAKHOSHEVA, Larisa LYUTIKOVA und Astemir TLEKHUGOV. „A logical approach to building a machine learning model for assessing the sustainable development of mountain areas“. Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 15, Nr. 4 (30.12.2023): 921–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-4-921-928.

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Introduction. There are a significant number of mountainous areas on the territory of Russia. The Russian Federation has extensive mountain systems, including the Altai Territory, the Caucasus region, the Ural Mountains, the Sayans, the Baikal region, Kamchatka, Chukotka and others. The exact number of mountainous areas is difficult to determine, since this concept can vary depending on the classification criteria and the boundaries of mountainous regions. This paper proposes an approach to constructing a machine learning model to determine the level of sustainable development of mountain regions. The sustainability of regional development is considered at three levels: environmental, social and economic. To build a model that can assess the level of sustainability of a region, various input data are used, including climatic conditions, geographical characteristics, socio-economic indicators and other variables associated with mountainous regions. After data collection, the most relevant features related to the sustainable development of the region are selected using correlation analysis, feature selection methods or expert knowledge. Next, a model is built based on logical methods of data analysis and processing. The choice of model is due to the fact that logical methods are better at handling small amounts of data and may be less prone to overfitting; they can ignore outliers or noisy data that negatively affect other machine learning methods. Logical methods can also be useful when working with unstructured data, such as texts or images. The work uses logical rules and patterns to extract information and classify data. The work proposes a software package that provides the ability to assess the sustainability of mountain areas based on a database, as well as create and update a knowledge system to improve the accuracy and adaptability of the sustainability assessment process. The goal of the work is to create a model that can help in assessing and predicting the sustainability of mountain areas, as well as in understanding the factors influencing this sustainability. This can help improve the planning and management of mountain regions to achieve more sustainable development and preserve their environmental and socio-economic integrity. Research methods. After data collection, the most relevant features related to the sustainable development of the region are selected using correlation analysis, feature selection methods or expert knowledge. Next, a model is built based on logical methods of data analysis and processing. The choice of model is due to the fact that logical methods are better at handling small amounts of data and may be less prone to overfitting; they can ignore outliers or noisy data that negatively affect other machine learning methods. Research result. A machine learning logic model that demonstrates its effectiveness in identifying and identifying the main factors influencing the sustainable development of a region.

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Isaeva, Ekaterina. „Dialogue of cultures of Canada and Russia: Days of Culture of Canada 2021“. Russia and America in the 21st Century, Nr. 3 (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760017030-0.

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From June 23 to July 17, 2021, the Days of Culture of Canada were held in Moscow, organized by the All-Russian State Library of Foreign Literature named after M. I. Rudomino, the Embassy of Canada in the Russian Federation and the Russian-Canadian Center "Moscow-Quebec" RSUH. The purpose of this large-scale cultural event, timed to coincide with three state Canadian holidays: the Day of the Indigenous Peoples of Canada (June 21), Quebec Day (June 24) and the National Day of Canada (July 1), was to introduce the Russian public to various aspects of Canadian culture Lectures by Canadian and Russian researchers, meetings with authors, master classes, exhibitions, and displays of works of musical and visual culture were held in a mixed format. During the presentations, the historical and geographical features of individual Canadian regions and provinces were covered in detail: Quebec, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, the Rocky Mountains, the Arctic. Most of the events were broadcast on the portal "Culture. RU". There is no doubt that during the Days of Culture of Canada, the Russian public was enriched with knowledge about literature, history, geography, ethnography, languages, philosophy, visual art of this region of the planet, which in turn will contribute to the expansion of Russian-Canadian cooperation in the field of science, education and culture.

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Krinitsyn, Igor G., und Nikolay G. Prilepsky. „A record of Botrychium lanceolatum (S. G. Gmel.) Ångstr., a new species for the flora of the middle zone of European Russia from Kostroma Region“. Turczaninowia 24, Nr. 4 (20.12.2021): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/turczaninowia.24.4.15.

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The article reports on a find of a new plant native to the flora of central European Russia – Botrychium lanceolatum (S. G. Gmel.) Ångstr., which was discovered during a survey of a 60-year-old clearcut in the course of floristic work on the territory of M. G. Sinitsyn “Kologrivskiy Les” State Nature Reserve (the Kostroma Region). Collection and determination were carried out by the author of the article I. G. Krinitsyn. For the Kostroma Region, the species was not indicated in any floristic checklist. Herbarium specimens of the aboveground part of the sporophyte are kept in the Herbarium of the Kostroma State University and the “Kologrivskiy Les” State Nature Reserve Herbarium, as well as transferred to the Herbarium of the Altai State University (ALTB). B. lanceolatum is a relict species of the forest zone of the Holarctic with a fragmented range mainly in the subarctic, northern temperate zone and in the mountains of the warm temperate zone of Eurasia and North America. In Russia, it is sporadically found in the forest zone from the Murmansk and Leningrad Regions to Kamchatka and Sakhalin, inclusively; it enters the Arctic on the Chukchi Peninsula. The species is rare throughout its range; the populations are represented by single individuals. It is included in many regional Red Data Books of the Russian Federation. B. lanceolatum became the fifth species of the Botrychiaceae Nakai family in the pteridoflora of the Kostroma Region (and the middle zone of European Russia as a whole). In the Kostroma Region, the species is located on the extreme southern border of the range in the middle zone of the European part of Russia. The population of B. lanceolatum at the time of the discovery was represented by 4 individuals in different ontogenetic states. The data on the new location and phytocenotic conditions of growth of the species are given; a brief morphological description and information on the dynamics of the population are presented.

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Шамов, В. В., И. В. Токарев, Т. А. Михайлик und А. В. Козачек. „Summer-autumn variability of isotopes (2H and 18O) in water at small mountain catchments in South Sikhote-Alin (Pacific Russia)“. Гидросфера. Опасные процессы и явления 4, Nr. 2 (11.02.2023): 202–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34753/hs.2022.4.2.202.

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Изотопный состав природной воды отражает ее приуроченность к различным звеньям гидрологического цикла, изменяясь в процессе фазовых переходов (испарения, транспирации, конденсации, замерзания, оттаивания), а также при взаимодействии воды с водовмещающими средами (горными породами, почвами, воздушными массами, биотой). В статье впервые на основе детальных натурных исследований, выполненных в период с 2013 по 2016 год в экспериментальных малых горных речных бассейнах, анализируется внутригодовая и межгодовая динамика содержания изотопов 2Н и 18О в основных географических типах вод, циркулирующих в летне-осенний период в типичных речных бассейнах горной страны Сихотэ-Алинь (Приморский край Российской Федерации). Показано, что для малых речных бассейнов вблизи морского побережья характерен более тяжелый изотопный состав дождевых, речных и почвенных вод. Обосновывается предварительный вывод о том, что в относительно влажные годы воды континентальных горных районов Приморья по изотопному составу в среднем легче в сравнении с районами побережья приблизительно в 1,5 раза. Для речных водосборов, расположенных прибрежно-морских районах, почвенные воды и воды устойчивых приповерхностных склоновых потоков в изотопном отношении почти неразличимы, тогда как для континентальных водосборов почвенные воды близки по содержанию 18О и 2Н к речным водам, а воды склоновых потоков отличаются чуть более легким, чем речные воды, изотопным составом. В целом близкие значения природных изотопов в почвенных и речных водах обоих районов подтверждают полученные ранее с помощью природных химических трассеров выводы о в целом преобладающей доли склоновых вод – почвенных вод и вод приповерхностных склоновых потоков – в питании малых горных рек Сихотэ-Алиня и, соответственно, относительно невысокий объем подземного питания и низкие значения доли дождевых вод в речном стоке. The isotopic composition of natural water reflects its confinement to various links of the hydrological cycle, changing during phase transitions (evaporation, transpiration, condensation, freezing, thawing), as well as during the interaction of water with water-containing media (rocks, soils, air masses, biota, etc.). In the article, for the first time based on detailed field studies in the testbed small mountain river basins in 2013–2016, the intra-annual and inter-annual dynamics of the 2H and 18O isotopes in the main geographical types of water circulating in warm period in typical river basins of the mountainous country of Sikhote-Alin (Primorsky Krai, Russian Federation) are analyzed. We show that rain, river and soil waters at the catchments near the seacoast have a heavier isotopic composition. A preliminary conclusion is substantiated that in relatively humid years, the waters of the continental mountainous regions of Primorye are, on average, lighter in isotopic composition than those in the coastal regions by about 1.5 times. For coastal-marine river catchments, soil water and water of near-surface slope flows are almost indistinguishable in isotope ratio, while for continental catchments, soil water are close in 18O and 2H to river water, and slope water differ in a slightly lighter isotopic composition. In general, close values of natural isotopes in soil and river water of the both studied areas confirm the conclusion obtained with natural chemical tracers about the prevailing total share of slope water – soil water and water of near-surface slope flows – in the feeding of small mountain rivers in the Sikhote-Alin mountains and, accordingly, relatively low groundwater recharge and low values of the share of rainwater in river flow.

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Ponkratova, A. O., A. K. Whaley, E. V. Zhokhova, E. A. Bezverkhniaia und V. G. Luzhanin. „Comparative phytochemical analysis of the aerial parts of Empetrum nigrum L. samples, collected in various regions of the Russian Federation“. Drug development & registration 10, Nr. 4 (25.12.2021): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2021-10-4(1)-138-145.

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Introduction. A number of studies have shown that various genetic and environmental factors can affect the biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites. In particular, it is known that the local geoclimate, seasonal changes, external conditions such as light, temperature, moisture and soil fertility can affect the chemical composition and, as a result, the therapeutic properties of plants used in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Empetrum nigrum L. is a rich source of various pharmacologically active secondary metabolites – chalcones, dihydrochalcones, bibenzyls, 9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins. In the scientific literature, there is no data on the variation in the chemical composition of E. nigrum depending on the growing area. The obtained data are necessary for a reasonable choice of the collecting location for the plant, with the aim of its further chemical and pharmacological research for the development of promising drug candidates.Aim. To carry out a comparative analysis of secondary metabolites composition in the aerial parts of Empetrum nigrum growing in different regions of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. Samples collected in three different areas were used to compare HPLC profiles: sample 1 was collected next to SPCPU nursery garden of medicinal plants (Leningrad region, Vsevolozhsky district, Priozerskoe highway, 38 km) in July 2020, sample 2 was collected on the Kola Peninsula, around the Khibiny mountains in July 2020, sample 3 was collected on the Kamchatka Peninsula, next to Khalaktyrsky beach (Pacific Ocean coast) in July 2020. Extracts were analyzed by analytical high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a Prominence LC-20 device (Shimadzu, Japan) equipped with a diode array detector.Results and discussion. As a result of the research, for the first time, a significant variation in the qualitative chemical composition in the aerial parts of Empetrum nigrum growing in different regions of Russian Federation was established. Sample 3, collected on the Kamchatka Peninsula, in comparison with samples 1 and 2, contain the greatest variety of polar secondary metabolites belonging to the classes of flavonoids, tannins, and phenol carboxylic acids, while in the shoots collected in the Leningrad region, the major metabolites were weakly polar compounds belonging to the classes of chalcones, dihydrochalcones, bibenzyls, and 9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes, and in sample 2, collected in the Khibiny mountains, the lowest qualitative content of secondary metabolites was found. This variation may be caused by various environmental factors (biotic and abiotic).Conclusion. For the first time, the comparison of HPLC profiles of aerial part samples of E. nigrum, collected in different regions of the Russia Federation has been carried out. As a result, significant variations in the secondary metabolites composition of the studied samples were established, depending on the regions and growing conditions of the plants. The data obtained can be used for a reasonable choice of the collection location for the plant, with the aim of its further chemical and pharmacological research for the development of promising drug candidates.

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Karyakin, I. V., E. G. Nikolenko und E. P. Shnayder. „Current status of the Saker Falcon in Russia and Kazakhstan“. Raptors Conservation, Nr. 2 (2023): 450–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.19074/1814-8654-2023-2-450-458.

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The range and abundance of Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) in Russia and Kazakhstan are systematically declining. It is no exaggeration to say that the Saker Falcon is by far the most endangered raptor species in the Palaearctic. A compilation of literature data shows the species’ estimated abundance in 1970s Russia was at least 9,000–10,000 pairs (Galushin, 2004; Karyakin, 2008), while it appears over 15,000 pairs nested in Kazakhstan – in the 1990s their abundance there was estimated at 5,218 (4,808–5,628) pairs. In 2003, total abundance in Russia (without Crimea) was estimated at 2,520 (2,115–2,925), and in 2004 there were 2,108–2,915 nesting sites (Karyakin et al., 2005). By 2010, Saker Falcon abundance in Crimea was estimated at 163–181 pairs (Milobog et al., 2010). Between 2004 and 2018, the species completely stopped nesting in the near Volga River area region in the Southern Urals and largely disappeared in Western Siberia lowlands. By 2014, Saker Falcon abundance was estimated to be 1,869 (1,628–2,197) pairs in Russia, and by 2018 1,530–1,925 pairs, of which 1,103–1,216 pairs nested in the Altai-Sayan region (ASR), 185–230 pairs in the Baikal region, 72–264 pairs in Dauria, and 145–184 pairs in the Republic of Crimea (Karyakin et al., 2006; 2011; 2018; Karyakin, Nikolenko, 2015). The most prosperous Russian population of Saker Falcon is in the ASR, where regular monitoring of the species occurs. Their abundance has decreased by 43% over 20 years (Karyakin et al., 2018). If at the end of the 1990s 2,056 (1,962–2,150) pairs were thought to nest in the ASR, by 2019 there were just 1,130 (1,076–1,179) pairs. However, compared to other territories, the species’ situation in the ASR can viewed favorably. On the Crimean Peninsula, the Saker Falcon’s decline in abundance is calculated to range by 4.1 to 17.7% over 5 years by 2015 (Milobog et al., 2010; Karyakin, Nikolenko, 2015). Some small nesting groups of Saker Falcon remain in the Baikal region, where local researchers assess the situation as consistently bad. After equipping 150 km of bird-hazardous power lines with protective devices in Daursky Nature Reserve’s enforcement zone in Transbaikalia, by 2017 species abundance had tripled over the 2010 total (Goroshko, 2018), although in this case we are only talking about a few pairs. In recent years, overwintering Saker Falcons have been regularly encountered in Primorye (O. Katugin, pers. com.), and there is a chance that a breeding group remains in Manchuria on the border with China, but there is no data to support this. Considering the negative dynamics of its large population groups, current Saker Falcon abundance in Russia is estimated at 1,356–1,618 pairs (Karyakin et al., 2020). As of 2010, abundance in Kazakhstan was estimated at 2,030 pairs (1,882–2,179), while as of 2012, no more than 1,500 pairs are estimated. Over a 20-year period, their abundance in Kazakhstan fell by over 60% (Karyakin et al., 2015). In 2011–2023, the authors and other researchers regularly visited groups of the species across Kazakhstan, conducting either systematic monitoring of known nesting sites or onetime observations. The report summarizes all available data. In 2022–2023, within the framework of a Biodiversity Research & Conservation Center project supported by the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund and WWF, areas in Southern and Southeastern Kazakhstan where stable groups known to be present as recently as 2010 were carefully studied. In 2022 in the Karatau Mountains and adjacent areas Saker Falcon abundance is estimated at 46 (28–66) breeding pairs; this comprises a 77% decline from 2010 levels (Karyakin et al., 2022). In 2023, monitoring of nesting areas in the Tarbagatai Mountains, Dzhungaria, Chu- Ili Mountains, and the Balkhash region showed isolated incidents of Saker Falcon nesting in areas remote from highways and where the Saker Falcon’s main food resource consisted of small colonial birds (Rooks Corvus frugilegus, Jackdaws Corvus monedula, Rosy Starlings Sturnus roseus). Over the last five years, there has been a complete disappearance of rodents in the Syugaty and Boguty Mountains and the Saker Falcon did not breed (A. Kovalenko, P. Pfander, pers. com.). The authors visited south central Kazakhstan in July 2017 and July 2018; not a single sighting of the species occurred on two monthlong expeditions in the Karaganda region. On Western Kazakhstan’s Ustyurt Plateau, where one of the largest populations of the species remained until 2010 (Pfeffer, Karyakin, 2010), episodic monitoring has been carried out over the past ten years, documenting the disappearance of falcons in the majority of regularly monitored nesting areas (M. Pestov, A. Pazhenkov, I. Smelyansky, pers. com.). Beginning in 2001 in the Naurzumsky State Nature Reserve, a noticeable negative trend emerged in the abundance of a Saker Falcon breeding group: in 2001–2004 abundance ranged from 17 to 20 pairs, 15 pairs were documented in 2005, and 14 pairs in 2006–2008 (Bragin, Bragin, 2009), but no monitoring has taken place there in recent years. Saker Falcons were not studied on Kokchetavskaya Upland or in Irtysh forests in Pavlodar and Semipalatinsk Regions. However, given the reduction in the area of forest plantations as a result of fires and logging, a significant reduction in species abundance can be expected along the lines of similar declines in Altai Kray (Russian Federation), where the Saker Falcon has almost completely disappeared. It should also be noted that, despite this, illegal poachers continue to trap migrant individuals along the forests and foothills of Altai (Hunting Supervision Department data, Altai Kray, Russian Federation), and their activity in the area renders any restoration of the Saker Falcon nesting group in this territory unlikely. Most information about negative factors reducing Saker Falcon abundance stems from an analysis of the fate of birds in the ASR tagged with GPS trackers, as well as information about the ring recoveries labeled with RRRCN.RU. Between 2002 and 2023 52 Saker Falcon nestlings received trackers. Just 4 birds survived the first calendar year of life, but died or were poached in their second year. There have been 13 ring recoveries over the same years. Trapping to support the demands of the falconry industry is first among accurately established reasons for the departure of Saker Falcons. This activity is unsustainable in our view, given that it occurs despite steadily decreasing species abundance. We learned of the legal trapping of six birds thanks to reports by trappers working in northern Mongolia who captured bird wearing our rings and/or trackers. Thanks to these reports, we know the colossal scale of the removal of Saker Falcons from the wild. One of the birds wearing a tracker (Mityunya) was caught twice during a single season. In addition, the prioritized removal of females (by trappers) is evidenced by single males holding nesting sites for many years in the absence of available females in the population, as well in nearly annual changes of the female bird in pairs observed in the ASR. (We have calculated the average age of males and females on nesting sites, on the basis of monitoring since 1999). The second most important factor is the death by electrocution of birds on power lines. After 2010, remaining groups of birds in Russia were found in areas where the majority of bird-hazardous power transmission lines were retrofitted with bird-protective devices or rebuilt. In the last seven years, isolated cases of death have only been documented on badly-equipped power lines, or where the protective equipment fails. In other regions where Saker Falcon deaths were recorded before 2010, no nesting groups remain today. The third factor is insufficient food resources. A prolonged population depression of Daurian Pika (Ochotona dauurica) in the ASR on the border with Mongolia has led to the fact that, over the past four years, nesting at the monitoring site has decreased from 16 pairs to just one. That pair raised just one nestling in 2023. Since 2017 in Kazakhstan, some nesting sites have also been left empty due to a deep decline in rodent abundance. For the sake of comparison, Saker Falcon pairs can successfully raise 5–6 nestlings at a time in areas far from trappers and with a low density of nesting pairs. Poisoning is the fourth most negative factor: (1) Anticoagulant rodenticides are responsible for a 50% decline in a large group in the Altai Mountains, where, in contrast to the effect of trapping, both males and females disappeared from nesting territories. It was not possible to collect tissue from fresh Saker Falcon corpses for chemical analysis, but poisoning was proven to be the cause of death in Black Kites (Milvus migrans) and Steppe Eagles (Aquila nipalensis) that died nearby. (2) Carbofuran in pigeons specially prepared as poisoned bait by pigeon breeders. In both the ASR in Russia and in the Caucasus, there have been over 30 cases of poisonings of large falcons, including six Saker Falcons. The last factor we note is climate change, which regularly leads to low reproductive success in many ASR groups due to: (1) Premature death of offspring during hurricanes and hail on open nests; (2) Death of fledglings unable to feed themselves in the face of dense vegetation in July resulting due to precipitation. In this case, even with abundant food supply, young birds die before dispersal from nesting areas. An entire range of measures is needed to preserve the Saker Falcon: 1) Combating illegal trapping in falcon nesting areas, along migration routes, and in wintering areas; 2) Strengthening enforcement related to legal falcon trapping in Mongolia and enact a ban on bird trapping in Western Mongolia, through which and where Russian birds migrate and overwinter; 3) Implementation of bird protection measures on power lines throughout all countries of the species’ range; 4) Identifying and ending cases of bird poisoning by pigeon breeders, including legally trying particularly serious cases, the results of which are freely illustrated by poisoners on social networks; 5) Expanding the geographic area for creating artificial nests to attract falcons, including attracting breeding birds to artificial nest sites on power lines in partnership with energy companies; 6) Implementing measures to improve the nestling survival rates in natural conditions: strengthening natural nests, supportive supplemental feeding of broods, tattooing the cere and tarsus during tagging to reduce the commercial attractiveness of falcons for trappers; 7) Release of falcons raised in nurseries into the wild using the “hacking” method and mandatory tattooing of the cere and tarsus of released birds.

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Soldatov, E. A., A. S. Anisimov, V. A. Blinov und N. V. Belkin. „IMPROVING MEDICAL SUPPORT FOR EVENTS TO TRAIN MILITARY PERSONNEL TO PERFORM TASKS IN THE HIGHLANDS“. Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 19, Nr. 2 (15.12.2017): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma12168.

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Most of the military conflicts in the last decades with participation of the Armed forces of our country took place in the mountain landscape, namely Afghanistan, counterterrorist operations in the Northern Caucasus, peacemaking missions in South Ossetia and Abkhazia. The warriors passed through «trouble spots» know that a war in mountains is not the same as a war in plain and it requires special preparation. It is necessary to take into consideration factors of climate and geography which influence medical provision in mountains as well as sanitary casualty’s formation and mode of evacuation and treatment. Based on literature data, the historical facts of warfare conduction in mountains were presented. Factors of climate and geography adversely affected the human health during warfare conduction in mountains. The analysis of the mountain training medical provision organization was carried out. Based on that some proposals for improvement of mountain training medical provision of military personnel of the Armies forces of the Russian Federation were formulated

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Suleymanov, Magomed, Ramazan Somoev und Murad Isaev. „Financial and economic aspects of the development of mountain regions in the Russian Federation“. E3S Web of Conferences 451 (2023): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345101006.

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Mountain areas are a common national heritage, containing a significant part of unique natural and recreational resources, as well as a place for storing ethnocultural and historical traditions. Currently, about 15% of the human population lives in mountainous areas. In this regard, the problems of development of mountain areas are system-wide and inherent in all countries of the world. At the present stage, the development of mountain territories is carried out almost entirely through budget financing, and therefore the problem of increasing the optimization of the use of budget resources, as well as the formation of effective mechanisms for attracting private investment funds, are relevant and priority. The methodological approaches developed by the authors for optimizing the system of financing the sustainable development of mountain territories, which are systemic in nature and contain directions for optimizing the interaction of three forms of financing, seem quite timely and relevant. The main results of the study are the development and justification of a mechanism for financial support for the development of sustainable development of mountain territories, which, unlike existing ones, takes into account the specific features of mountain territories, and is also based on the possibility of transforming forms of financing (budgetary, private and mixed).

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Кулова, М. Р. „Development of the North Caucasus Federal District mountainous territories: some theoretical aspects“. Экономика и предпринимательство, Nr. 10(135) (10.01.2022): 392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2021.135.10.074.

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В статье рассматриваются некоторые подходы к развитию экономики горных территорий СКФО. В целях обеспечения устойчивого развития горных территорий СКФО необходимо формирование единой программы развития горных территорий макрорегиона на принципах государственно-частного партнерства. Предлагается также создание финансовых институтов в виде единого инвестиционного фонда горных территорий РФ, Северо-Кавказского фонда развития горных территорий и Российского фонда гарантий для горных территорий. The article presents some approaches to the development of the economy of the mountainous territories of the North Caucasus Federal District. In order to ensure the sustainable development of the mountain territories of the NCFD, it is necessary to form a unified program for the development of the macroregion mountain territories on the principles of public-private partnership. It is also proposed to create financial institutions in the form of investment fund for the mountainous territories of the Russian Federation, the North Caucasus fund for the development of mountainous territories and the Russian guarantee fund for mountainous territories.

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Mosina, L. L., und V. P. Starokozheva. „INCORPORATION OF NORMATIVE LEGAL ACTS OF THE USSR AND THE RSFSR ON REGIONAL REGULATION OF WAGES INTO THE LEGISLATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION“. Social & labor researches 47, Nr. 2 (2022): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.34022/2658-3712-2022-47-2-124-131.

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The system of territorial regulation of wages, guarantees and compensations developed gradually and changed in accordance with the economic situation in the country. Regional wage regulation includes regional coefficients, bonus percentage and coefficients for work in desert, waterless and high mountain areas, which causes the authors to consider normative legal acts of the USSR and the RSFSR relating to these elements of regional wage regulation, and bring them into line with the legislation of the Russian Federation. This work has been carried out by specialists from the All-Russian Research Institute of Labor of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of Russia since 2016. The article aims to identify the reasons and circumstances according to which the normative legal acts of the USSR and the RSFSR on the establishment of regional coefficients, bonus percentage and coefficients for work in desert, waterless and high-mountain areas were incorporated into the legislation of the Russian Federation, and their certain provisions were declared invalid. The methodological basis of the study is an integrated approach, a dialectical method of cognition, methods of scientific, comparative analysis, synthesis, and methods for obtaining analytical information. The object of the study is the normative legal acts of the USSR and the RSFSR, affecting the elements of regional wage regulation. The research results made it possible to establish the objective reasons on the basis of which the normative legal acts of the USSR and the RSFSR were brought into line with the current legislation of the Russian Federation or their individual provisions were declared invalid. On the basis of the work carried out by the Federal State Budgetary Institution "All-Russian Research Institute of Labor" the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of Russia canceled a number of normative legal acts of the USSR and the RSFSR.

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Popov, N. V., I. G. Karnaukhov, A. A. Kuznetsov, A. N. Matrosov, V. A. Safronov, А. M. Porshakov, A. V. Ivanova et al. „Enhancement of Epidemiological Surveillance in Natural Plague Foci of the Russian Federation and Forecast of Epizootic Activity for 2022“. Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, Nr. 1 (19.04.2022): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2022-1-35-42.

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The aim of the research was to assess epizootic activity of natural plague foci in the Russian Federation in 2021 and provide a prognosis for 2022. Activation of epizootic process has been detected in Central-Caucasian high-mountain natural plague focus after a recess since 2007. Local epizootics persist to develop in Tuva Mountain and Gorno-Altai highmountain plague foci. Total area of epizooties in Russia in 2021 amounted to 1649.5 km2. 28 plague microbe strains were isolated. Animals infected with plague were not found in Tersko-Sunzhensky low-mountain, Dagestan plain-piedmont, Precaspian north-western steppe, Volga-Ural steppe, Trans-Baikal steppe, Volga-Ural sandy, Caspian sandy and EastCaucasian high-mountain natural plague foci. It is demonstrated that epidemiological welfare as regards plague in Russia in 2017–2021 was achieved through annual epizootic monitoring of plague-enzootic territories, timely epizooty detection and preventive activities aimed at reducing the risk of infection. Substantiated has been the forecast for tense epidemiological situation on the territory of Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Altai Republic and Tuva Republic in 2022. A new Epitracker application has been proven to be prospective for rapid assessment of actual epidemiological situation in natural plague foci.

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Ivanova, A. R. „Investigation of the mountain wave generation over the European part of Russia and assessment of forecasting capabilities for aviation using COSMO-RU6.6 model“. Hydrometeorological research and forecasting 4 (15.12.2023): 6–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37162/2618-9631-2023-4-6-24.

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The probability of the mountain wave generation over the European part of the Russian Federation in May‒August 2023 is studied. The conditions for the occurrence of strong downdrafts and leeward orographic turbulence are discussed for 4 domains including the mountain systems of the Urals, the North Caucasus, the Kola Peninsula and Crimea. An analysis of circulation and thermodynamic conditions favorable for the generation of mountain waves over European Russia were calculated using the initial and forecast data of the COSMO-Ru6.6 model. The accuracy of forecasting the parameters used in the calculations was assessed. It was found that in some cases, moderate turbulence reported in AIREP Speci aircraft observations near the areas with complex terrain could be of orographic nature. Keywords: mountain waves, pilot reports, COSMO-Ru model, orographic turbulence

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Suleymanov, Magomed, Salman Kurbanov und Marina Alieva. „The Concept of “Sustainability of Development of the Territory” in Relation to Mountainous Areas“. BIO Web of Conferences 63 (2023): 07021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20236307021.

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At the moment, the mountainous territories of the Russian Federation, whose area occupies a significant part of the country, are not endowed with a special status in terms of institutional understanding of their specific features and conditions for socio-economic development. The conflict lies in the fact that, on the one hand, mountainous areas are part of a subject that has all the regulatory and legal powers regarding the formation of a strategic development plan, and on the other hand, the lack of a normatively fixed interpretation of the features of mountainous areas does not allow special conditions for the formation of special indicators their development. In this regard, the development of the author’s vision for the definition of “sustainable development” of mountain territories is a necessary condition for further improvement of the process of strategic management at the regional level.

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Ishbirdina, L. M., N. I. Fedorov und A. A. Muldashev. „Geographical and phytocoenotic areas of endemic of the South Urals Delphinium uralense Nevski“. Vegetation of Russia, Nr. 28 (2016): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2016.28.37.

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The geographical and phytocoenotic areas of the endemic of the Southern Urals Delphinium uralense that is a relic species of the ancient Pleistocene steppe were studied. Species is listed in the Red book of the Russian Federation (2008) and the Red Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan (2011). The main part of the geographical area of the investigated species is limited by the Zilair plateau located in the south-western tip of the Ural Mountains, within the Urals fold-block surface. The phytocoenotic area of this species includes the xerophytic communities referring to 2 classes, 3 orders, 4 alliances, 1 suballiance, 2 associations, 1 subassociation, 1 variantand 4 non-ranking communities The formation of the unique complex of xerophytic oak-larch sparse forests and rocky steppes in the southern Urals is linked with the occurrence of the mountainous steppe with larch groves, which were the remnants of the xerophytic mountain landscape —“Pleistocene floristic complex” (Igoshina, 1961, 1963). The enrichment the floristic composition of the complex took place in the late Pleistocene due to following facts: the appearance of rock and mountain-steppe Asian relict species (Ryabinina, 1993), the migration of Eastern Siberian elements to the West, the movement of European species to the East, the formation of the Urals endemic floristic races (Krasheninnikov, 1939). Later, in the Holocene, the Pleistocene floristic complex was enriched by some species of broad-leaved forests (including oak Quercus robur), the penetration ofthe south richsteppe flora, and replenishment of the floristic complex by the Pontic and Sarmatic species (Igoshina, 1961). As a result of mentioned above processes a unique complex of xerophytic rocky mountain steppes and of sparse oak and larch elfin woodswas formed in the Zilair plateau.

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Ivanov, Zaur, Alim Gurtuev und Magamed Israilov. „Economic assessment of limited land resources in the mountainous territories“. E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 07019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016407019.

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The purpose of the study is to improve the method of economic assessment of limited land resources in the mountainous territories of the North Caucasus Federal district. The article analyzes specific shortcomings of the methodology currently used in Russia, which does not have a sufficiently objective scientific basis. Our approach is based on the synthesis of modern achievements of agro-economic science. Attempts to systematize the economic assessment of land in the agricultural sector of the Russian Federation depending on the land quality did not lead to positive results. This is first aspect of the problem we are studying. The second aspect is that the problem is not developed from the economic point of view. A positive differential rent is automatically included in the market value of agricultural products. The third aspect is the formation of tax and rental rates for agricultural land in direct correlation with the cadastral value. As a result, there is a research problem of objective assessment of limited agricultural land in agriculture. The method of economic evaluation of agricultural lands of the state Committee for land use of the Russian Federation has been improved.

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Popov, N. V., I. G. Karnaukhov, N. D. Pakskina, G. A. Eroshenko, A. A. Kuznetsov, A. N. Matrosov, A. M. Porshakov et al. „Analysis of the Current Epidemiological Situation in Natural Plague Foci around the World. Enhancement of the Effectiveness of Epidemiological Surveillance in Natural Plague Foci of the Russian Federation and Forecast of their Epizootic Activity for 2019“. Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, Nr. 1 (03.04.2019): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2019-1-81-88.

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The paper presents the analysis of epidemic activity of natural plague foci around the world, including in CIS and the Russian Federation, over the period of 2000–2018. It was established that in 2010–2018, epidemic manifestations took place in natural plague foci where the main carriers are synanthropic (black, multinippled rats) and commercial (marmots, souslik, ground squirrels) species of rodents. Retaining of low epizootic activity of lowland natural plague foci in the territory of the Russian Federation is observed. In 2018, plague epizooties were detected in the territory of the Gorno-Altai high-mountain and Tuva mountain natural foci, the total coverage area being 2641 km2. 13 strains of the main subspecies and 6 strains of Altaic subspecies of plague microbe were isolated. Demonstrated were the prospects of GIS-technology usage for the enhancement of epidemiological surveillance over plague in Russia. Epizootiological forecast for persisting challenging epidemiological situation in Kosh-Agach district of the Republic of Altai and Mongun-Taiginsky, Ovyursky and Tes-Khemsky Kozhuuns of the Republic of Tuva was substantiated. Recorded was high probability of retention of strained epizootic and epidemiological situation in the south and central parts of the desert zone in the Republic of Kazakhstan, high-mountain areas of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. Also conservation of epidemic risks for the territories of the countries in Africa (Republic of Madagascar), South (Peru, Bolivia), and North (USA) America, China, and Mongolia was noted.

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Dabiev, D. F. „Assessment of the development of the mountain regions of Russia“. Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), Nr. 2/2022 (06.05.2022): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-2-81-83.

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The author made an attempt to assess the impact of one of the main geographical factors, i.e. mountain terrain, on the economic development of regions in Russian Federation. The mountain regions have been identified in the context of the federal districts and the linear regression method of panel data was used to estimate the per capita growth of GRP of the regions. The performed assessment shows that macro-regions with rich natural resources are the drivers of the country's economy. In addition, the coastal districts, i.e. the Northwestern (NWFD) and Far Eastern Federal Districts (FEFD), are also distinguished, whose regions are positively influenced by their favorable geographical location including the location of major transport and logistics centers (seaports, pipelines, railways, etc.), aimed at exporting raw materials both to European countries (NWFD) and to South-East Asia (FEFD). However, calculations show that mountain regions are characterized with the greatest lag in economic development, especially the mountain regions of the North Caucasus and Siberia. The results of this study confirm the concept that a special approach is required towards the regional development of regions, including that of the mountain regions. Inclusion of the provisions on the possibilities and prospects of development of the mountain regions in the Concept of spatial development of the Russian Federation would be a logical continuation of such scientific concepts as the economic zoning and territorial organization of the economy.

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Yakovlev, R. V., P. Huemer, B. Wiesmair, S. Yu Sinev, Ch Wieser, A. V. Kulak, A. G. Inozemzev, V. V. Dorozhkin und A. E. Naydenov. „New records of Lycaenidae and Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) from Altai Mountains“. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 7, Nr. 4 (27.12.2017): 469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2017_145.

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For the first time Agriades glandon (de Prunner, 1798) and Issoria eugenia (Eversmann, 1847) are reported from Altai region (Altai Krai, Russian Federation). We also specify the distribution of Lycaena violacea (Staudinger, 1892), Boloria aquilonaris roddi Kosterin, 2000 and Clossiana angarensis (Erschoff, 1870) in the Altai Republic (Russian Federation), Glaucopsyche argali (Elwes, 1899) and Palaeophylotes svetlana (Yakovlev, 2003) on the Mongolian Altai territory (Mongolia, Khovd aimak, Dzun-Dzhargalant-Khairkhan and Bajtag-Bogd-Uul Mountains Ranges).

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Magomedhanov, Magomedhan M., und Alexander N. Sadovoy. „ETHNOSOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF DEPOPULATION OF MOUNTAIN TERRITORIES: DAGESTAN AND NORTH OSSETIA“. History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 17, Nr. 2 (01.07.2021): 507–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch172507-522.

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Unlike the transboundary regions of Mountain ecosystems in Europe (Alps) with high population density and the integration of the rural economy into the regional and World markets, most of the Mountainous regions of the Russian Federation are characterized by the stability of traditional forms of nature management and life support, which determine, on the one hand, natural (or "old") distinctiveness of the economy of rural enclaves and, on the other hand, the preservation of social institutions based on family and relative ties, the solidarity of fellow villagers, on the cohesion of the rural community and the viability of traditional culture and ethnic identification. Regarding the general trends and consequences of the migration of inhabitants of Mountainous regions of Dagestan and North Ossetia to the lowland, it can be concluded that the prospects of ethnocultural dynamics in these republics are determined not only by the factors of urbanization, the growth of the absolute number and proportion of the population of predominantly Russian-speaking lowland urban and rural settlements and by the functional stagnation of local languages, but also by the demographic depression, depopulation of Mountainous territories, the gradual disappearance of Mountain villages, which can be considered almost the only mono-ethnic enclaves and social environments that ensure the reproduction of ethnolinguistic and ethnocultural identity in generations. In this regard, the importance of regional and federal social policy courses aimed at sustainable socio-economic and environmental development of Mountainous territories, preserving their demographic potential and ethnocultural particularities is emphasized.

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Magomedkhanov, Magomedkhan М., Robert Chenciner, Marian Chenciner, Maysarat K. Musaeva und Saida M. Garunova. „DAGESTAN. MOUNTAIN-VALLEY HORTICULTURE: DEFINING AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE AND GARDENING“. History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 16, Nr. 3 (01.11.2020): 770–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch163770-796.

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The article is devoted to the historical and ethnographic description of mountain gardening in Dagestan. A brief overview of the definitions of agriculture, horticulture and gardening is given. The importance of avoiding confusion between these basically close and partly identical terms in anthropological and ethnographic studies is illustrated in the case of mountain-valley horticulture. This approach examines a) the symbiosis of the economic and cultural traditions of the region; b) components of ethno-economics and ethno-ecology; c) technological modernization of the agricultural industry; d) an indicator of the resource potential of sustainable development of mountainous areas, the population of which retains traditional economic specialization; e) economic integration of mountainous territories into the region, the country, and the formation of interregional ties that give stability to the ethnic economy; f) criteria for the appropriate preservation of traditional ethno-culture. The multiethnic composition of the population of the Russian Federation and the different levels of socio-economic development of its regions, highlight problems not only in the Caucasus but in all regions of the country. Many mistakenly see sustainable development in the recreational potential of the territory and the use of ethnic originality as a "brand" without considering potential, often negative consequences. In this regard, social problems are identified associated with the need to preserve the historical, cultural and natural heritage, traditional life support systems, and economic specialization. Craft centres that preserve the tradition of Russian "brands" are compared to authentic regional products. Since the 1990s mountain-valley gardening in Dagestan is in a state of stagnation due to socio-political, legal (land tenure and land use), and demographic (depopulation of mountainous territories) factors.

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Streletsky, Vladimir. „Development trajectories of the border regions in the context of social and cultural identity and civilizational patterns of Russia“. Pskov Journal of Regional Studies, Nr. 4 (2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.37490/s221979310022877-7.

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the key features and trends of development of the Russian border regions in the context of social and cultural identity of Russia. The main concepts of the Russian civilization are compared. It is shown that the symbiotic nature of the Russian cultural space predetermines the necessity of the multi-vector external positioning of Russia in global processes. The typological diversity of Russian borders and borderlands creates favorable prerequisites for the successful interaction of Russia with different cultural worlds. Three vast culture areas of the Russian borderlands are selected for case studies: Western borderlands of Russia; the Mountainous North Caucasus; the South Siberian Turkic-Mongolian belt. The Western Russian borderlands are important links in the intra-European limitrophe, connecting Russia with the rest of Europe. Although the intensification of geopolitical and geo-economic turbulence in the 2010’s–2020’s sharply increased the barrier functions of the state border in the European part of the country, the Western borderlands of Russia, due to their geographical location and accumulated historical inertia, retain a huge potential for restoring close cross-border cooperation with European countries. The North Caucasian regions of Islam and the South Siberian regions of Buddhism, being integral parts of the Russian Federation as a state, culturally and geographically at the same time act as parts of vast contact zones connecting Russia with neighboring, belonging to other cultural realms. The key problem of the North Caucasian and South Siberian borderlands of Russia is the need for accelerated and effective modernization of these cultural areas. This is especially true for the republics of Southern Siberia, which retain many elements of archaic ways of life.

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Popov, N. V., I. G. Karnaukhov, A. A. Kuznetsov, A. N. Matrosov, A. V. Ivanova, K. S. Martsokha, V. M. Korzun et al. „Improvement of Epidemiological Surveillance of Natural Plague Foci of the Russian Federation and the Forecast of Their Epizootic Activity for 2023“. Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, Nr. 1 (29.04.2023): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-1-67-74.

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The aim of the work was to assess the epidemic situation on plague in the world and epizootic activity of natural plague foci of the Russian Federation in 2022. Following the implementation of comprehensive preventive interventions plans, there was a decrease in the epizootic activity of the Gorno-Altai high-mountain and Tuva mountain natural foci, the cessation of plague epizootics in the Central Caucasian high-mountain focus. The total area of epizootics in the Russian Federation in 2022 reached 248.3 km2, which is 7 times less than in 2021. Infected animals were not found in the Tersko-Sunzhensky low-mountain, Dagestan plain-piedmont, Caspian North-Western steppe, Volga-Ural steppe, Trans-Baikal steppe, Volga-Ural sandy, Caspian sandy, East Caucasian high-mountain natural foci. Persistence of tense epizootiological situation in 2023 is predicted for the territory of the Altai Republic and the Republic of Tuva. The prospects of using the GIS portal of the Russian Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe” of the Rospotrebnadzor for an operational assessment of the actual epidemiological situation in natural plague foci are substantiated.

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Probatova, N. S. „ON CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN THE GRASS FAMILY (POACEAE) IN RUSSIA, WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE FAR EAST“. V.L. Komarov Memorial Lectures 68 (02.11.2020): 29–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25221/kl.68.2.

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The paper summarizes information on chromosome numbers (CNs) of the Grass species (Poaceae) in the flora of Russian Federation, obtained on the original material, most part - from the Russian Far East (RFE). In some species the CNs are known in Russia or in the world only from RFE, in some – from one locality or few, or from one subregion of RFE. The grass species in RFE often occur in mountain regions and near seacoasts; some species are endemics, some were studied near the limits of their geographical distribution areas. The diversity of CNs, the special features of the CNs distribution in some grass groups are discussed. The alien species are abundant in RFE, and their CNs are also involved in the study. For karyologically polymorphous species further studies are needed.

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YURAK, Vera, und Albert USMANOV. „Disturbed land restoration in mountain ecosystems“. Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 15, Nr. 4 (30.12.2023): 901–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-4-901-911.

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Introduction. The growing volumes of extraction, processing and transportation of minerals in Russia and the world contribute to an increase in disturbed lands, which actualizes the development of new approaches and methods for reclamation work. However, a clear structure of methods for restoring disturbed lands has not yet been developed. Hence the purpose of the work: to explore the world experience in the implementation of traditional and innovative approaches to the reclamation of disturbed lands in order to identify the most promising trends for further research. Materials and methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are the scientific works of Russian and foreign scientists in the field of earth sciences, geo-ecology, physical chemistry, geo-botany and microbiology. Methods of the work are general scientific methods, such as dialectical, historical, analysis, synthesis, comparison, grouping, as well as systematic and empirical approaches. Results and discussion. The study substantiates the identification of two approaches: traditional and innovative; the author’s structure of methods for biological stage of reclamation work has been developed. The traditional approach is characterized by standard, but less effective, labor-intensive, and therefore expensive, methods of reclamation by using a fertile soil layer and potentially fertile rocks with the sowing of perennial grasses, trees and shrubs. An innovative approach is on agenda today. It can significantly reduce the cost of reclamation procedures due to the use of modern technologies and materials for restoring soil fertility and decontaminating pollutants. The innovative approach includes basic methods: 1. Algae; 2. Washing; 3. Bioremediation; 4. Sorbent-oriented. The study offers to improve the term «disturbed lands» in the regulatory field of the Russian Federation in order to take into account, along with the anthropogenic and natural factors. The structure of the disturbed lands of Russia is revealed in the context of the extraction of various types of minerals. Conclusions and offers. The article presents the results of the analysis of the world methodological experience in biological stage of reclamation work. It has been established that both in Russia and abroad, work is underway to improve the biological stage of reclamation. Attention is focused on the method of bioremediation and its sub-method of phytoremediation with the sorbent-oriented method, the combination of which, according to the authors, is of the greatest practical interest. It is revealed that the tasks of using local types of raw materials for the creation of composite sorbents are topical. The authors consider the creation of composite sorbents based on peat, as the most common raw material in Russia, to be a promising direction.

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Elshina, Tatyana E., Irina P. Kokorina und Alexander V. Sysoev. „CREATING A 3D MODEL OF A MOUNTAIN RELIEF FOR GEOINFORMATION SUPPORT OF TOURISM“. Interexpo GEO-Siberia 1 (21.05.2021): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2021-1-162-168.

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The paper considers the issues of creating a 3D model of mountain terrain for geoinformation support of tourism in the Russian Federation on the example of the territory of the Republic of Ingushetia. The classification of types of tourism and objects of natural and cultural heritage in the Republic of Ingushetia is carried out. As a result of the analysis of tourist and administrative sites, as well as web-services of the republics of the Caucasus, a conclusion is made about their insufficient geoinformation support. The possibilities of using 3D models of mountain terrain on web maps for tourism purposes are presented. A digital model of the mountainous terrain of the Republic of Ingushetia with animation of the natural environment has been created. A 3D scene has been developed that conveys the main terrain shapes and the location of objects on the ground. The resulting model can be used to develop routes in different directions, to ensure both organized and independent tourism.

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Elshina, Tatyana E., Irina P. Kokorina und Alexander V. Sysoev. „BUILDING AND USING A 3D MODEL OF A MOUNTAINOUS LANDFORM FOR GEOINFORMATIONAL SUPPORT OF TOURISM“. Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 26, Nr. 5 (2021): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2021-26-5-108-118.

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The article deals with the creation and use of a 3D model of mountain terrain for geoinformation support of tourism in the Russian Federation on the example of the territory of the Republic of In-gushetia. The aim of the work is to develop and apply a digital 3D model of mountain terrain for use in creating an interactive tourist map on web services, as well as tourist and administrative sites of the republics of the Caucasus. Methods of geoinformational mapping, terrain modeling, cartographic research method and modern software were used: 3D Spatial Analysts, WorldMachine, Unity 3D. The classification of tourism types and objects of natural and cultural heritage in the Republic of Ingushetia is carried out. As a result of the analysis of tourist and administrative sites, as well as web-services of the republics of the Caucasus, a conclusion is made about their insufficient geoinformation support. The possibilities of using 3D models of mountain terrain on web maps for tourism purposes are pre-sented. A digital model of mountainous landform in the Republic of Ingushetia is created. A 3D scene, which shows basic relief forms and objects’ location is developed.

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Popov, N. V., G. A. Eroshenko, I. G. Karnaukhov, A. A. Kuznetsov, A. N. Matrosov, A. V. Ivanova, A. M. Porshakov et al. „Epidemiological and Epizootic Situation on Plague in the Russian Federation and Forecast for Its Development for 2020–2025“. Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, Nr. 1 (23.04.2020): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2020-1-43-50.

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Objective of the investigation was to assess epidemiological and epizootiological conditions in natural plague foci of the Russian Federation, neighboring states and foreign countries in 2019. Negative effect of the current climate warming on the state of parasitic systems of natural foci with circulation of plague microbe of the main subspecies, medieval biovar, phylogenetic branch 2.MED1 is emphasized. In 2019, local plague epizooties were registered in the territory of two (Gorno-Altai high-mountain and Tuva mountain) out of 11 natural plague foci of the Russian Federation. The total area of epizooty covered 2248.5 km2 . All in all, 31 cultures of Y. pestis of the main subspecies, antique biovar, phylogenetic branch 4.ANT and 5 cultures of Altai biovar, central-asian subspecies, phylogenetic branch 0.PE4a were isolated. The forecast for continuing tense epidemiological situation, both for 2020 and for 2021–2025, has been substantiated for natural foci with circulation of the main subspecies of antique biovar, phyologenetic branch 4.ANT: Gorno-Altai high-mountain and Tuva mountain ones. In the remaining nine natural foci in the territory of the Russian Federation epizootic manifestations of plague in 2020 are highly improbable. This prognosis is an indication to optimize the deployment of human and logistical resources of plague control institutions through concentrated preventive activities in the territories of epizootically active natural plague foci. Otlined is the necessity to put a new enhanced classification of Y. pestis into practice.

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Tkachenko, K. G. „REVIEW OF VLADIMIR BOCHARNIKOV's BOOK "WILDLIFE RESERVES OF RUSSIA"“. Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences 33, Nr. 1 (31.03.2023): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/10.35634/2412-9518-2023-33-1-115-117.

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At the end of 2021, the Moscow publishing house "Dialogue of Cultures" published a beautifully illustrated, informative, and simply wonderful book, an original, even unique album, an encyclopedic monograph, an illustrated catalog: "Wildlife Reserves of Russia". For the first time for the territories of Russia, the monograph provides calculations of the areas and preservation of the wild nature of our country based on GIS technologies and using computer mapping techniques. The book includes 2 parts: Reserves of Russia (total 118 - from A to Z) and Subjects of the Russian Federation (88 territories, also from A to Z). The author is Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor Vladimir Nikolayevich Bocharnikov, a leading researcher at the Pacific Institute of Geography of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a hunter, organizer of a number of scientific expeditions, Russian ecologist, geographer, international expert on biodiversity, writer. Initiator and leader of a series of international and interdisciplinary projects in the field of study and conservation of biological diversity, conservation of natural habitats of animals and birds. Scientific expert on biogeocenology, forestry, hunting and traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples. Chairman of the working group for the preparation of a new edition of the Red Book of rare and endangered species of animals and plants of the Primorsky Territory. Author of about 30 monographs and about 550 scientific papers. This is a magnificent modern capacious publication (large format - 60x90/8) about all the protected areas of Russia. For the first time in Russia, a printed paper edition appeared, which lists and provides brief information about all the reserves and the main subjects of the Russian Federation (118 reserves located (from Azas to Yalta mountain forest) in 88 regions of the country (from Adygea to the Yaroslavl region)) with highlighted shading large integral areas. The peculiarity of this encyclopedia about the listed reserves is not only in their arrangement in alphabetical order - from “A to Z”, but also in a brief summary of all the latest information available about each of them, as well as the first ever presentation of information about the reserves of our country with using GIS technologies used to calculate the cartographic area of pristine nature, indicating the location on the map-schemes of the location of these territories.

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Tkachenko, K. G. „REVIEW OF VLADIMIR BOCHARNIKOV's BOOK "WILDLIFE RESERVES OF RUSSIA"“. Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences 33, Nr. 1 (31.03.2023): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9518-2023-33-1-115-117.

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At the end of 2021, the Moscow publishing house "Dialogue of Cultures" published a beautifully illustrated, informative, and simply wonderful book, an original, even unique album, an encyclopedic monograph, an illustrated catalog: "Wildlife Reserves of Russia". For the first time for the territories of Russia, the monograph provides calculations of the areas and preservation of the wild nature of our country based on GIS technologies and using computer mapping techniques. The book includes 2 parts: Reserves of Russia (total 118 - from A to Z) and Subjects of the Russian Federation (88 territories, also from A to Z). The author is Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor Vladimir Nikolayevich Bocharnikov, a leading researcher at the Pacific Institute of Geography of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a hunter, organizer of a number of scientific expeditions, Russian ecologist, geographer, international expert on biodiversity, writer. Initiator and leader of a series of international and interdisciplinary projects in the field of study and conservation of biological diversity, conservation of natural habitats of animals and birds. Scientific expert on biogeocenology, forestry, hunting and traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples. Chairman of the working group for the preparation of a new edition of the Red Book of rare and endangered species of animals and plants of the Primorsky Territory. Author of about 30 monographs and about 550 scientific papers. This is a magnificent modern capacious publication (large format - 60x90/8) about all the protected areas of Russia. For the first time in Russia, a printed paper edition appeared, which lists and provides brief information about all the reserves and the main subjects of the Russian Federation (118 reserves located (from Azas to Yalta mountain forest) in 88 regions of the country (from Adygea to the Yaroslavl region)) with highlighted shading large integral areas. The peculiarity of this encyclopedia about the listed reserves is not only in their arrangement in alphabetical order - from “A to Z”, but also in a brief summary of all the latest information available about each of them, as well as the first ever presentation of information about the reserves of our country with using GIS technologies used to calculate the cartographic area of pristine nature, indicating the location on the map-schemes of the location of these territories.

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OBORIN, Matvey. „Trends in the development of ski tourism in Karachay-Cherkessia“. Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 15, Nr. 1 (30.03.2023): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-1-114-121.

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Introduction. T he sphere of ski tourism is one of the priorities of state policy, which is expressed in the following factors: comprehensive restructuring of the tourism sector; development of large infrastructure projects; introduction of a mandatory system of classification of tourist facilities by location; formation of new ski trails and beaches. The strategic direction of the development of the ski tourism sector within the framework of the development of internal and external travel is the growth of consolidation of all territories of the Russian Federation, based on the development of transport infrastructure, purposeful activity of the state, establishing the principles and amounts of fees for various services, transportation of passengers and cargo, export and import of goods, subsidizing interregional transportation. The purpose of the study is to determine the strategic priorities for the development of ski tourism in the world and Russia. Materials and methods of research. Theoretical foundations of the Russian school of strategizing, general logical research methods, system and situational approaches, modeling of economic processes. Research results and discussion. The study identified the main problems and ways to solve them within the framework of sustainable development of the mountainous territories of Russia. It is determined that with global transformation processes, the country has a wide range of opportunities for the development of tourist territories, while it is necessary to develop comprehensive programs for the development of the tourism industry, effective marketing solutions in the context of strengthening the interaction of the country's tourist facilities with international tourist markets. Conclusion. Comprehensive solutions to the key problems of mountain territories require the development of a unified system of classification and accessibility of tourist information, the creation of a modern regulatory framework for tourism development, the formation of large ski complexes and territories that operate all year round and are accessible to the average citizen, the development of environmental aspects in the tourism sector.

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Volynkin, Anton, und Svyatoslav Knyazevsity. „Xylena czernilai Volynkin, 2011: New data on the distribution and description of female (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)“. Check List 9, Nr. 6 (01.11.2013): 1536. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/9.6.1536.

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A poorly-known noctuid species Xylena czernilai Volynkin, 2011 is recorded from North-West Altai and East Sayan (Russian Federation, Southern Siberia: Altai Territory and Buryatia Republic). The new locations proved its wide distribution in the mountains of Southern Siberia. The female of the species is described for the first time.

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Gadzhiev, Nadir, Ayna Vagapova und Ruslan Elmurzaev. „Methods for monitoring greenhouse gases on the example of the mountain landscapes of the Chechen Republic“. BIO Web of Conferences 76 (2023): 09005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20237609005.

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The most important factor in social-economic development of society is the success of sustainable development. It is the most important factor in socio-economic development of society to achieve the goals for economic development. Achieving the goals of sustainable development is the most important factor in social development of society. On the territory of countries and regions, economic security is one of the key components for economic security in terms of sustainable development and Economic Security. In countries and regions, it has been found that environmental sustainability is one of the key components for economic security in terms of. With its high volumes, Russia is one of the largest emitters from carbon dioxide in Europe due to his large production and oil and gas produced. A significant reason for this is the presence of carbon dioxide in Russia. The main reason for this is the presence of carbon dioxide in the Russian Federation. Participants in the Kyoto Protocol allow Russia to take account of its gases and take measures to reduce them. The participation in the Kyoto Protocol allowed Russia to take responsibility for its own emission, as well as take steps to reduce them. To take responsibility for its emission and make measures that reduce them was also possible. It was also possible to take responsibility for its emissions and take steps that reduce them. The reason for this is that it has been involved. This is due to the fact that it was participated in the.

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Lebedeva, A. V., L. P. Sukhanov und O. A. Ustinov. „Research and Development on Cementation of Liquid Radioactive Waste (LRW) Resulting from Spent Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing in the Experimental Demonstration Center (EDC) of Mountain Chemical Combine“. MRS Proceedings 1518 (2013): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.96.

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ABSTRACTThe report presents the results of research and development on cementation technology of liquid radioactive waste (LRW) generated in spent nuclear fuel reprocessing in Experimental Demonstration Center (EDC) at the Mountain Chemical Combine, Russian Federation.

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Kamenetsky, Evgeniy S., Anatoliy A. Radionoff, Vasiliy Yu Timchenko und Olga S. Panaetova. „THE VARIABILITY OF AEROSOL OPTICAL THICKNESS IN MOUNTAINOUS AND FOOTHILL AREAS OF THE NORTH OSSETIA ACCORDING TO SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS“. UNIVERSITY NEWS. NORTH-CAUCASIAN REGION. NATURAL SCIENCES SERIES, Nr. 3 (211) (30.09.2021): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1026-2237-2021-3-51-63.

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Atmospheric aerosol is one of the indicators of air quality that affects the environmental situation. The aerosol optical thickness (AOT) of the atmosphere is studied in the mountainous, foothill, and plain regions of Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (Russian Federation) based on satellite data EOS Terra, Aqua. Several geographical locations at different heights were selected for the analysis. Daily series of AOT, air temperature and precipitation data were obtained on period over 20 years for each point. The results of statistical analysis of long-term values of AOT, temperature and precipitation are shown. There is a statistically significant relationship between the averaged values, and there is also a dependence on the height of the location and the proximity of mountains. Long-term average dependencies provide a basis for predicting the AOT value based on the measured temperature at height of 2 m for territories located in a complex landscape at different altitudes.

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OBORIN, Matvey. „Project approach to the development of mountain tourism in the North Caucasus“. Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 15, Nr. 2 (30.06.2023): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-2-317-325.

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Introduction. Mountainous territories in Russia are an important element of the development potential, especially this direction is relevant in the field of tourist and recreational services. Many subjects of the Russian Federation have a certain area that falls on mountainous areas. Domestic and international practice has convincingly shown that they can contribute to the growth of socio-economic indicators of the region due to successful integration into the economic system. At the same time, there are a number of objective restrictions on the development of active types of tourism associated with increased risks of some of them, such as the North Caucasus. The article discusses the main types of active recreation in the highlands, problems and prospects of the tourism industry development in the North Caucasus Federal District. The conclusion is made about the sustainable development of this type of tourism in the North Caucasus. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems and conditions of effective development of the mountainous territories of the North Caucasus. Materials and methods. The information base of the research was the scientific and methodological developments of domestic authors on the problem under study, national and regional concepts, strategies and programs for the development of tourism in the Russian Federation until 2035. The research methodology is the scientific analysis and systematization of the data obtained. In the course of the research, general scientific methods and approaches were applied: abstraction, analysis and synthesis, logical method; systematic approach. Results and discussion. According to most experts, the effective and sustainable development of the tourism industry in the mountainous territories of the North Caucasus Federal District requires, first of all, the formation of appropriate legal acts concerning mountainous territories at the federal level. Effective development measures should be developed for the mountainous territories of the North Caucasus to attract tourists and form a positive image of the region as a ski resort. Conclusion. The measures taken contribute to the flow of large investments into the region, which, in turn, will help the development of a highly developed tourist and recreational complex in the North Caucasus.

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Rumyantsev, V. A., A. V. Izmailova und L. N. Kryukov. „State of Lake Water Resources in the Russian Arctic Zone“. Arctic and Antarctic Research 64, Nr. 1 (30.03.2018): 84–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2018-64-1-84-100.

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Regions of the Russian Federation classified among Arctic zone estimated to 22% of Russian territory. Arctic is characterized by the richest reserves of natural resources, and its phased, balanced development is the most important strategic task of Russia’s socioeconomic development. Production and household activities of the population of Russia living and working in the far North is associated with difficult climatic and geographical conditions. In this case, the constant cold and consumption of contaminated water can lead to aggravation of various human disease. The Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is characterized by the richness of water resources as rapidly renewable (river runoff and its underground component), and static one to which are assigned the waters of lakes, underground waters, waters (ice) of mountain and polar glaciers. A characteristic feature of water consumption in the Arctic regions is the active use of lake water, which in a number of settlements is the main source of drinking water supply. In this regard, the assessment of the lake’s fund of Arctic zone and its ecological status is extremely topical.According to the assessments, more than 2.5 million water bodies, that is a ~2/3 of all water bodies of the country, are decoded in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation on satellite images. Mainly, these are small water bodies, only about 975 thousand of them exceed 1 ha. The total area of the water surface of Arctic lakes is ~160 thousand km2 (slightly less than a half of the total water surface of all natural water bodies of the Russian Federation), and the total volume of water enclosed in them is ~760 km3.Even in the middle of the 20th century, the lakes of the Russian Arctic, with rare exceptions, were characterized by the highest quality of their waters, but by now the ecological status of many water bodies has deteriorated significantly. The vulnerability of Arctic lakes to pollution is enhanced both by virtue of the peculiarities of their orometry and by the simplicity of the biological communities of northern ecosystems characterized by a low degree of stability. The poor knowledge of Arctic water bodies does not allow taking the necessary preventive measures for their protection and rational use. In this connection, attention to the expansion of works on the integrated study of limnology of water bodies included in the lake fund of the Arctic zone should be paid.An estimation of water resources of lakes of the Arctic zone of Russia, their ecological status and the questions of etiology of diseases on the territories of the Far North are given in this article. The morbidity of the population of the Arctic regions of Russia today is much higher than the national average. Further development of the territory and the observed warming of the climate will lead to increasing pollution of freshwater resources with toxic substances, pathogenic microorganisms and viruses. This will exacerbate the issue of ensuring environmental safety and meeting the needs of the population in quality drinking water. The situation is further aggravated by the fact that the most affordable technologies for water treatment and wastewater treatment in conditions of low temperatures and high content of humic substances in the initial water cannot ensure the proper level of disinfection. In this regard, one of the topical issues is the creation of innovative technologies for water purification that are more adequate to the conditions of the Arctic zone of Russia.

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Kalashnikova, Olga Vladimirovna, Svetlana Vadimovna Murzyvanova und Tamara Ivanovna Plaksina. „Ecological and floristic features of the Samara Region nature monument «Kopeyka Mountain»“. Samara Journal of Science 7, Nr. 2 (15.06.2018): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201872111.

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The paper presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of the nature monument Kopeyka Mountain flora nine years after the last descriptions of this area. To identify the ecology-floristic features of the mountain, a complete ecology-floristic characteristic was given according to the classical pattern. The taxonomic analysis has showed that on the stony steppe there are 150 species of higher plants, including 106 genera and 39 families. The leading families in the number of species are Asteraceae (28 species), Fabaceae (21) and Poaceae (11). A large number of species of the Fabaceae is one of the distinguishing features of Kopeyka Mountain. The predominant biomorph under the classification of I.G. Serebryakov is a group of herbaceous perennials, namely rod-root (39 species) and short-stemmed plants (25 species). The predominance of these life forms illustrates a high adaptability of plants to the conditions of their growth. The predominant hygromorph of xerophytic plants (67 species), revealed during the ecological analysis by N.M. Matveyev, also shows high suitability of the local flora to a lack of moisture in the mountainous terrain. Ecology-geographical analysis showed that the mountain-steppe group of plants was the largest in the number of species. A chorological analysis was also conducted, which showed the presence of all seven types of areals, of which Eurasian type (73 species) and European (34) were the leading ones. Endemic (45 species) and relic (15) taxa have been noted, which raises this monument of nature to a considerable height. In the flora of Kopeyka Mountain, 8 species are represented in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and 43 species are in the Red Data Book of the Samara Region. A decrease in the number of species in the flora of Kopeyka Mountain is a concern. It is necessary to introduce monitoring to protect the nature monument Kopeyka Mountain.

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Savichev, Oleg, Irina SMatveenko und Vladimir Paromov. „Chemical Composition of Bottom Sediments in Small Mountain Rivers (Altai, the Russian Federation)“. MATEC Web of Conferences 85 (2016): 01031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20168501031.

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Popov, N. V., I. G. Karnaukhov, A. A. Kuznetsov, A. N. Matrosov, A. V. Ivanova, K. S. Martsokha, E. V. Kuklev et al. „Epidemiological Situation on Plague around the World. Forecast of Epizootic Activity of Natural Plague Foci in the Russian Federation for 2024“. Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, Nr. 1 (02.04.2024): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2024-1-67-75.

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The aim of the review was to assess the epidemiological situation in natural plague foci in the Russian Federation, near and far abroad countries in 2023 and to forecast their epizootic activity for 2024. In 2023, cases of plague were registered in five countries worldwide: the Democratic Republic of the Congo (60 cases), the Republic of Madagascar (14), the United States of America (2), the People’s Republic of China (3), and Mongolia (5). A total of 84 cases of plague were recorded, of which 22 (26.2 %) were fatal. In the Russian Federation, in 2023, epidemic risks in epizootically active natural foci were significantly reduced due to the implementation of a set of preventive measures carried out by Rospotrebnadzor institutions, which was the guarantor of ensuring epidemiological well-being as regards plague. Plague epizootics were detected on the territory of two (Gorno-Altai high-mountain and Tuva mountain) out of 11 natural plague foci in the Russian Federation in 2023. Epizootics were reported on the territory of the Kosh-Agach district of the Altai Republic and the Mongun-Taiginsky kozhuun of the Tuva Republic. The total area of epizootics was 731.2 km2 (in 2022 – 248.3 km2). In total, 55 cultures of the antique biovar of the main subspecies Yersinia pestis pestis were isolated in 2023 (19 in 2022). The forecast for continuation of the tense epidemiological situation in the territory of the Altai and Tuva Republics in 2024 is substantiated. The trend of sustained growth in the epizootic potential of the East Caucasus high-mountain and Dagestan plain-piedmont plague foci is outlined. The prospects for introducing an automated electronic system for assessing the epidemic potential of natural plague foci into practice are explained.

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Melnyk, V., O. Shynder, S. Didenko und L. Savchuk. „Euonymus nanus (Celastraceae) in Europe and in the Caucasus Mountains: geographi-cal distribution, habitats and modern state of populations“. Biosystems Diversity 32, Nr. 1 (22.01.2024): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/012411.

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The study of the current state of populations and habitats of rare and threatened species of plants is a relevant task of ecological research. The paper presents the results of investigation of the geographical distribution, habitats and modern state of populations of a rare species of the European and Caucasian floras Euonymus nanus M. Bieb. (Celastraceae), included in the Red Data Books of Ukraine, Moldova, the Russian Federation and the Red List of Romania. The structure of the European and Caucasian parts of its range is described. The natural range of Euonymus nanus includes Romania (the Carpathian Mountains and the Moldavian Plateau), Moldova (the Moldavian Plateau and Southern Podillia Upland), Ukraine (Podillia and Dnieper Uplands and Dnieper Lowlands, Crimean Mountains) and the Russian Federation (North Caucasus). There are near 100 localities of E. nanus in Europe and 6 localities in the Caucasus Mountains. A phytocoenotical peculiarity of European habitats of E. nanus is their confinement exclusively to deciduous forests. This is their difference from Caucasian habitats, connected with scree slopes and from Asiatic habitats, connected with coniferous forests. Biogeographical and paleontological data and some biological peculiarities of E. nanus (low reproductive potential) confirm its relic nature (Tertiary relic) in Europe. The claim that E. nanus has an alien origin in Europe is insufficiently scientifically substantiated. The current state of E. nanus populations in Europe and in the Caucasus Mountains is shown. Known local populations of E. nanus are few in number, with relatively low densities, and their gradual decline is observed everywhere. Due to the uniqueness of E. nanus populations, it must be included to the European Red List. Modelling of E. nanus populations in cultivated coenoses is an effective method of ex situ conservation for this species.

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Aliev, B. G., und O. A. Murtazaev. „AKUSHA-DARGO IN RUSSIA’S POLICY IN DAGESTAN IN THE FIRST THIRD OF THE 19th CENTURY“. History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 13, Nr. 2 (15.06.2017): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch13240-54.

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The article deals with the activity of one of the most well-known, influential and active political structures of Dagestan at the end of the 18th - the first half of the 19th cc. - the federation of Dargin unions of rural communities Akusha-Dargo. It was the period of active policy of Russia in Dagestan, which began after the conclusion of the Küçük Kaynardzha peace treaty with Turkey. Dagestan people generally sympathized with intensification of Russia’s policy. But there were rulers, in particular Shikhali Khan of Derbent and Surkhay Khan II of Gazikumukh, who pursued an anti-Russian policy, involving in this process other rulers and mountain communities and, of course, Akusha-Dargo, as the most influential political structure of Dagestan. Akusha-Dargo was closely associated with Shikhali Khan of Derbent and took an active part in his anti-Russian policy. Therefore, Akusha-Dargo was the focus of attention of the Caucasian command: it was mentioned in dozens of orders, reports, dispatches, letters, and instructions from all the commanders in the Caucasus, who closely followed the behavior of the Dargins, fervently discussing their participation in the anti-Russian policy of various rulers; in the reports and dispatches to Emperor Nicholas I and military ministers. The Caucasian command informed them of the activity of Akusha-Dargo, characterizing it as the most powerful political structure, which has a great influence on feudal rulers and mountain societies, and its role and significance in political events and the situation in Dagestan was emphasized in various documents. The article contains the material that reveals the role and importance of Akusha-Dargo in the political life of Dagestan in the thirties of the 19th century.

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Sergeev, V. N. „Microfossils in cherts from the Middle Riphean (mesoproterozoic) Avzyan formation, southern Ural Mountains, Russian Federation“. Precambrian Research 65, Nr. 1-4 (Januar 1994): 231–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(94)90107-4.

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Chumakov, Nickolay M. „Chapter 23 Glacial deposits of the Bokson Group, East Sayan Mountains, Buryatian Republic, Russian Federation“. Geological Society, London, Memoirs 36, Nr. 1 (2011): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m36.23.

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Huemer, P. „Scrobipalpa antoniovivesi Huemer, sp. n., a remarkable new species from Spain (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)“. SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología 49, Nr. 196 (30.12.2021): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.57065/shilap.245.

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Scrobipalpa antoniovivesi Huemer, sp. n., a new species of the tribe Gnorimoschemini, family Gelechiidae, is described from Spain (Huesca). The adult and male genitalia are figured, whereas the female sex remains unknown. The nearest species S. dorsolutea Huemer & Karsholt, 2010 is only known from the southern Ural Mountains. (Russian Federation). However, the new species differs both morphologically and in the DNA barcode from this taxon and all other known representatives of the genus.

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