Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Moteurs diesel – Gaz d'échappement – Environnement“
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Moteurs diesel – Gaz d'échappement – Environnement"
Halfaya, Yacine. „Optimisation, fabrication et caractérisation d’un capteur de gaz à base d’hétérostructure AlGaN/GaN HEMT pour des applications automobiles“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0312.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work of the thesis focuses on the development of a new type of gas sensors based III-Nitride semiconductor materials (gallium nitrides). These materials have many advantages that could be used to develop sensitive and selective NOx sensors for the control of pollution emitted by diesel exhaust line. To limit the polluting gases emitted by internal combustion engines in general and diesel in particular (NO, NO2, NH3, CO, ...), different European standards have been established. To meet these standards, anti-pollution systems (consisting of particle filters, catalysts, NOx sensors, ... etc) are used. NOx sensors currently used in automobiles are based on a solid electrolyte. Their operation is based on the measurement of the oxygen concentration. This enables an estimate of the total concentration of NOx gas (indirect measurement) after filtering NOx from O2 and decomposing NOx into O2. These sensors do not detect NH3 at the outlet of the exhaust line, and do not give accurate information on the relationship between NO and NO2 (lack of selectivity) which is important factor for an optimal functioning of selective catalyst (SCR performance improvement). Hence there exists a need for a more efficient and selective in particular gas sensor to improve the control systems, post-treatment and diagnosis. Our approach is to use a HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) transistor based on gallium nitride with a combination of a functional layer instead of the gate. The interaction of the gas molecules with the functional layer gives a signature (output signal variation) specific for each type of gas that helps to improve the selectivity. The project contains two parts: the optimization of the chosen structure and the optimization of the functional layer in order to achieve selective detection between various gaseous pollutants. This technology is interesting for development of gas sensors through the possibility of detection low voltage variations and the possibility of operating in harsh environments. The thesis is part of OpenLab "Materials and Processes" in a collaboration between Georgia Tech-CNRS laboratory and the PSA Peugeot-Citroen Group
Halfaya, Yacine. „Optimisation, fabrication et caractérisation d’un capteur de gaz à base d’hétérostructure AlGaN/GaN HEMT pour des applications automobiles“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0312.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work of the thesis focuses on the development of a new type of gas sensors based III-Nitride semiconductor materials (gallium nitrides). These materials have many advantages that could be used to develop sensitive and selective NOx sensors for the control of pollution emitted by diesel exhaust line. To limit the polluting gases emitted by internal combustion engines in general and diesel in particular (NO, NO2, NH3, CO, ...), different European standards have been established. To meet these standards, anti-pollution systems (consisting of particle filters, catalysts, NOx sensors, ... etc) are used. NOx sensors currently used in automobiles are based on a solid electrolyte. Their operation is based on the measurement of the oxygen concentration. This enables an estimate of the total concentration of NOx gas (indirect measurement) after filtering NOx from O2 and decomposing NOx into O2. These sensors do not detect NH3 at the outlet of the exhaust line, and do not give accurate information on the relationship between NO and NO2 (lack of selectivity) which is important factor for an optimal functioning of selective catalyst (SCR performance improvement). Hence there exists a need for a more efficient and selective in particular gas sensor to improve the control systems, post-treatment and diagnosis. Our approach is to use a HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) transistor based on gallium nitride with a combination of a functional layer instead of the gate. The interaction of the gas molecules with the functional layer gives a signature (output signal variation) specific for each type of gas that helps to improve the selectivity. The project contains two parts: the optimization of the chosen structure and the optimization of the functional layer in order to achieve selective detection between various gaseous pollutants. This technology is interesting for development of gas sensors through the possibility of detection low voltage variations and the possibility of operating in harsh environments. The thesis is part of OpenLab "Materials and Processes" in a collaboration between Georgia Tech-CNRS laboratory and the PSA Peugeot-Citroen Group
Maiboom, Alain. „Etude expérimentale et modélisation phénoménologique de l'influence des caractéristiques thermodynamiques et de la composition des gaz d'admission sur la combustion et les émissions d'un moteur diesel automobile“. Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2142.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn-cylinder pollutant emissions reduction (NOx and particulate matter (PM) principally) is a major challenge during automotive Diesel engine design. The objective of this work is to characterize inlet gas thermodynamic properties and composition (exhaust gas recirculation) on combustion and pollutant emissions of a Diesel engine. The bibliographic survey gives principal phenomena occurring during direct injection Diesel combustion and pollutant formation, and identifies some models for fuel jet description and combustion. A local experimental study on an optically accessible one cylinder Diesel engine gives some new informations on combustion at low load conditions, for non diluted and diluted conditions, with and without pilot injection, and allow to test and adapt some fuel jet models. These latter are utilized to develop an original multi zone phenomenological combustion model, based on Dec’s description, allowing the evaluation of core spray and flame temperature, as well as lift-off length and corresponding fuel/air ratio. A wide range experimental study is then undertaken on a 2 litre standard Diesel engine, with two exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) loops: a high pressure (HP) one and a low pressure one (LP). The results are analysed with the combustion model. Inlet gas thermodynamic properties and composition are modified separately to isolate the influence of these parameters on combustion (rate of heat release), in particular when utilizing high EGR rates. Various operating points are studied. NOx and PM emissions are the result of complex and sometimes opposite phenomena; explanations are proposed in most cases. Finally, low-NOx / low-PM emissions combustion regimes are described and analysed, and in-cylinder strategies for reducing NOx emissions while maintaining specific fuel consumption and PM emission level are proposed, in particular owing to LP EGR loop
Molle, Romain. „Exposition des voyageurs aux polluants de l’air dans les autobus : caractérisation des sources et des transferts“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1127.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study can increase knowledge about the travelers' exposure to air pollution inside buses through measures based representative of rolling stock (Agora Long, Agora Standard), the air change rate, air outdoor quality and traffic parameters. The experiments were performed by studying the distribution of pollutants in the cabin, a subject little discussed in the literature. Some sources of pollution such as the material emissions and the transfer of bus exhaust in the cabin are quantified (self-pollution). As part of this approach, an unprecedented campaign was conducted to quantify the maximum and minimum self-pollution for both types of bus. In real traffic conditions, the pollutant concentrations (NO2, PM2.5, particle number concentration between 0.02-1µm) are higher in the instrumented buses compared to outdoors. Moreover the lowest concentrations of NO2 have been measured in the front of the cabin compared to the rear, the localization of exhaust pipe and the engine. This overexposure was explained by a self-pollution higher in the rear of the cabin compared to the front (0.13% against 0.05% in adverse conditions). Finally the influence of the material emissions, traffic, door openings, the wind speed on the pollutant concentrations inside buses have been demonstrated
Dovifaaz, Xavier. „Modélisation et commande d'un moteur Diesel en vue de la réduction de ses émissions“. Amiens, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AMIE0003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarcuccilli, Frédéric. „Etude expérimentale et théorique de la structure et de la réactivité de suies issues de moteur Diesel“. Mulhouse, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MULH0290.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoehm, Serge. „Formation et oxydation de suies : influence de dérivés métalliques“. Mulhouse, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MULH0312.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCollura, Salvatore. „Réactivité des suies diesel en atmosphères oxydantes“. Metz, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2004/Collura.Salvatore.SMZ0410.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main objective of this thesis was to study the reactivity of diesel exhaust soot under oxidizing conditions. The two studied diesel soot are collected from the same motor bench. This survey appears in a project titled "modelling of a catalysed diesel particulate filter" in which several laboratories (LTAC Metz, LRS Paris VI and LCA Saint-Avold) had collaborated with an industrial partner (Renault SA). Firstly, the soot samples have been characterized by various analytic techniques in order to determine their structural and chemical characteristics as well as their thermal behaviour. We also put in evidence the existence of an interaction between soot and adsorbed compounds during thermal treatment in inert atmosphere (formation of a microporous carbonaceous layer). Concerning the reactivity of non catalysed soot under air, the kinetic parameters have been determined thanks to thermogravimetric analyses. The values obtained for the combustion of the carbonaceous matrix are near for all soot samples (Ea = 140-170 kJ. Mol-1, n ~ 0. 25, nO2 ~ 0. 72). Nor the quantity of soluble organic fraction (SOF), volatile organic fraction (VOF), the mineral inclusions and the thermal treatment seems to influence the combustion process. The effect of a Pt/ZrO2-CeO2 catalyst on the oxidization of soot under air and under a mixture containing 10 % of oxygen and 700 ppm of NO2/Ar has been studied by thermogravimetry. For the catalysed reaction, the activation energy decreases and the order of the reaction of soot (n) increases. There is a change of reaction mechanism. In the case of the reaction under air, it seems that contact between soot and catalyst is necessary whereas in presence of NO2 the catalyst is active even without contact. Finally, the formation of the reaction intermediates (R-NOx) created during the reaction of soot with NO2 has been put forward by thermogravimetry. The nature of these compounds has been determined by infrared spectrometry in agreement with the literature results. Some possible formation and decomposition mechanisms of these species have been proposed thanks to the analysis of gases obtained during soot-NO2 reaction and the thermodesorption of the R-NOx and ROx formed
Achour, Louiza. „Dynamique et contrôle de la régénération d'un filtre à particules diesel“. Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBonnet, Patrick. „Contribution a la conception d'un systeme de mesure de gaz d'echappement d'un moteur diesel“. Amiens, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AMIE0102.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBücher zum Thema "Moteurs diesel – Gaz d'échappement – Environnement"
Taylor, Gordon W. R. Les camions et les émissions atmosphériques: Rapport final. Ottawa, Ont: Environnement Canada, 2001.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenConseil canadien des ministres de l'environnement. Code de recommandations techniques pour la protection de l'envrionnement: Programmes d'inspection et d'entretien pour le contrôle des émissions des véhicules lourds sur la route. [Winnipeg]: Conseil canadien des ministres de l'environnement, 2003.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenK, Khair Magdi, Hrsg. Diesel emissions and their control. Warrendale, Pa: SAE International, 2006.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findendiesel, Canada Groupe de travail gouvernemental sur le soufre dans l'essence et le. Établissement d'une limite pour la teneur en soufre de l'essence et du carburant diesel: Rapport final du Groupe de travail gouvernemental sur le soufre dans l'essence et le carburant diesel. Ottawa, Ont: Environnement Canada, 1998.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenControl of diesel engine exhaust emissions in the workplace. 3. Aufl. [Kew?]: HSE, 2012.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenTaxing automobile emissions for pollution control. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 1998.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenGuidance on the correct and safe handling of NOx reduction agent (AUS 32/AdBlue). London: Energy Institute, 2020.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden(Producer), WHO, Hrsg. Vol 46 IARC Monographs: Diesel and Gasoline Engine Exhausts and Some Nitroarenes (Iarc Monographs). World Health Organisation, 1989.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenCarlos, Dora, Phillips Margaret A und World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe., Hrsg. Transport, environment, and health. Copenhagen: World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, 2000.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBerichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Moteurs diesel – Gaz d'échappement – Environnement"
Mogan, J. P. Effet des filtres en céramique sur la quantité de mutagènes dans les gaz d'échappement des moteurs diesel. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328716.
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